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Ng WK, Philip AZ, Lim TT, Wong M, Goh EL, Tengku Ismail TS, Goh TH. Anti-hypertensive prescription practices in private hospitals in Malaysia: a prospective, non-interventional, observational study. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:350-356. [PMID: 37271845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In managing hypertension, monotherapy and sometimes a combination of more than one agent are used to achieve blood pressure (BP) control. The objective of this prospective, observational, multi-centre study was to assess the level of BP control in patients receiving one or more anti-hypertensive drugs in private medical centres in Malaysia according to the treatment regimens (monotherapy, free drug combinations and single pill combinations). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected through medical records and interview sessions with patients on current pharmacotherapy for hypertension management at baseline and 2-3 months later. Results are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous data and as frequencies and percentages for categorical data. RESULTS Among 182 recruited patients, 89 (49%) achieved BP control by the end of the study. Majority (62/89) patients were on single-pill (monotherapy or SPC) antihypertensives. Majority (63/89) required more than two antihypertensives to achieve BP control. CONCLUSION Both SPC and free drug combination antihypertensives reduced BPs, but physicians preferred SPC to improve BP control and increase treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Ng
- Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Z Philip
- Mahkota Medical Centre, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - T T Lim
- Island Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Wong
- Sunway Medical Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E L Goh
- Loh Guan Lye Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - T H Goh
- Loh Guan Lye Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
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Choy CL, Liaw SY, Goh EL, See KC, Chua WL. Impact of sepsis education for healthcare professionals and students on learner and patient outcomes: A systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2022; 122:84-95. [PMID: 35045340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is an important global healthcare problem that is a key challenge faced by healthcare professionals face worldwide. One key effort aimed at reducing the global burden of sepsis is educating healthcare professionals about early identification and management of sepsis. AIM To provide a comprehensive evaluation of sepsis education among healthcare professionals and students. METHODS Six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus) were searched. We included studies that described and evaluated any form of education or training on sepsis delivered to healthcare professionals and students. Study outcomes were summarised according to the adapted Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included in the review. The learning contents were reported to be in accordance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Seven studies included the topic of interprofessional teamwork and communication in their sepsis education content. Most educational programs were effective and reported positive effects on immediate knowledge outcomes. Interventions that were delivered through an active learning approach such as simulation and game-based learning generally produced greater gains than didactic teaching. Improvements in patient care processes and patient outcomes were associated with the concomitant existence or implementation of a hospital sepsis care bundle. CONCLUSION Incorporating active learning strategies into sepsis education interventions has the potential to improve learners' long-term outcomes. In addition, sepsis education and protocol-based sepsis care bundle act in synergy to augment greater improvements in care processes and patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Choy
- Nursing Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - S Y Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - E L Goh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - K C See
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - W L Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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St Mart JP, Goh EL. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on surgical education - challenges and potential solutions. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e341. [PMID: 32652558 PMCID: PMC7405329 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-P St Mart
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - E L Goh
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lloyd TD, Neal‐Smith G, Fennelly J, Claireaux H, Bretherton C, Carr AJ, Murphy M, Kendrick BJ, Palmer AJR, Wong J, Sharma P, Osei‐Bonsu PK, Ashcroft G, Baigent T, Shirland E, Espey R, Stokes M, Liew I, Dhawal A, Watchorn D, Lum J, Qureshi M, Khaled AS, Kauser S, Hodhody G, Rogers S, Haywood‐Alexander B, Sheikh G, Mahapatra P, Twaij H, Chicco M, Arnaout F, Atherton T, Mutimer J, Sinha P, Oliver E, Stedman T, Gadd R, Kutuzov V, Sattar M, Robiati L, Plastow R, Howe T, Hassan A, Lau B, Collins J, Doshi A, Tan G, Baskaran D, Hari Sunil Kumar K, Agarwal R, Horner M, Gwyn R, Masud S, Beaumont O, Pilarski A, Lebe M, Dawson‐Bowling S, Nolan D, Tsitskaris K, Beamish RE, Jordan C, Alsop S, Hibbert E, Deshpande G, Gould A, Briant‐Evans T, Kilbane L, Crowther I, Ingoe H, Naisbitt A, Gourbault L, Muscat J, Goh EL, Gill J, Elbashir M, Modi N, Archer J, Ismael S, Petrie M, O'Brien H, McCormick M, Koh NP, Lloyd T, King A, Ikram A, Peake J, Yoong A, Rye DS, Newman M, Naraen A, Myatt D, Kapur R, Sgardelis P, Kohli S, Culverhouse‐Mathews M, Haynes S, Boden H, Purmah A, Shenoy R, Raja S, Koh NP, Donovan R, Yeomans D, Ritchie D, Larkin R, Aladwan R, Hughes K, Unsworth R, Cooke R, Samra I, Barrow J, Michael K, Byrne F, Anwar R, Karatzia L, Drysdale H, Wilson H, Jones R, Dass D, Liaw F, Aujla R, Kheiran A, Bell K, Ramavath AL, Telfer R, Nachev K, Lawrence H, Garg V, Shenoy P, Lacey A, Byrom I, Simons M, Manning C, Cheyne N, Williams J. Peri‐operative administration of tranexamic acid in lower limb arthroplasty: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1050-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Lloyd
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - G. Neal‐Smith
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - J. Fennelly
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - H. Claireaux
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - C. Bretherton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - A. J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - M. Murphy
- University of Oxford UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant Oxford UK
| | - B. J. Kendrick
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - A. J. R. Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Goh EL, Si CPN. Imaging Quiz: A Man with Traumatic Chest Pain. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791602300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ibrahim I, Phua J, Goh EL, Mahadevan M, Lim TK. From ICU to Emergency Department: 9-Year Experience with Non-Invasive Ventilation for COPD. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791402100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been shown to be beneficial for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with persistent respiratory acidosis during acute exacerbations. This clinical study described the experience of implementing an NIV program in the emergency department for COPD patients. Methods In the pre-implementation phase, patients who presented to the emergency department were transferred to the intensive care unit for NIV. Following the NIV program, patients had NIV commenced in the emergency department. We reported the change in hospital outcomes pre and post-implementation. Results A total of 153 patients received NIV, 34 in the pre-implementation phase and 119 patients in the post-implementation phase. The mean pH was 7.22±0.07 and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 18.9±4. Hospital mortality was lower in the post-implementation phase (1.7% versus 11.8%; p=0.008). The median door-to-NIV time was shorter in the post-implementation phase (64 minutes; interquartile range [IQR] 35-113) versus (457 minutes; IQR 143-1320). Conclusions NIV program in the emergency department is feasible and is associated with better hospital outcomes in patients with COPD. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2014;21:140-147)
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ibrahim
- National University Health System, Emergency Medicine Department, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
| | | | - EL Goh
- National University Health System, Emergency Medicine Department, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
| | - M Mahadevan
- National University Health System, Emergency Medicine Department, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
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Abstract
Rapid progress has been made recently in the definition of growth hormone (GH) receptor signal transduction pathways. It is now apparent that many cytokines, including GH, share identical or similar signalling components to exert their cellular effects. This review provides a brief discourse on the signal transduction pathways, which have been demonstrated to be utilized by GH. The identification of such pathways provides a basis for understanding the pleiotropic actions of GH. The mechanisms by which the specific cellular effects of GH are achieved remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
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Mertani HC, Zhu T, Goh EL, Lee KO, Morel G, Lobie PE. Autocrine human growth hormone (hGH) regulation of human mammary carcinoma cell gene expression. Identification of CHOP as a mediator of hGH-stimulated human mammary carcinoma cell survival. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:21464-75. [PMID: 11297545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100437200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
By use of cDNA array technology we have screened 588 genes to determine the effect of autocrine production of human growth hormone (hGH) on gene expression in human mammary carcinoma cells. We have used a previously described cellular model to study autocrine hGH function in which the hGH gene or a translation-deficient hGH gene was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Fifty two of the screened genes were regulated, either positively () or negatively (), by autocrine production of hGH. We have now characterized the role of one of the up-regulated genes, chop (gadd153), in the effect of autocrine production of hGH on mammary carcinoma cell number. The effect of autocrine production of hGH on the level of CHOP mRNA was exerted at the transcriptional level as autocrine hGH increased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase production from a reporter plasmid containing a 1-kilobase pair fragment of the chop promoter. The autocrine hGH-stimulated increase in CHOP mRNA also resulted in an increase in CHOP protein. As a consequence, autocrine hGH stimulation of CHOP-mediated transcriptional activation was increased. Stable transfection of human CHOP cDNA into mammary carcinoma cells demonstrated that CHOP functioned not as a mediator of hGH-stimulated mitogenesis but rather enhanced the protection from apoptosis afforded by hGH in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Thus transcriptional up-regulation of chop is one mechanism by which hGH regulates mammary carcinoma cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Mertani
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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Goh EL, Zhu T, Yakar S, LeRoith D, Lobie PE. CrkII participation in the cellular effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase dependent and independent effects. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:17683-92. [PMID: 10748058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001972200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the role of CrkII in the cellular response to both human growth hormone (hGH) and human insulin-like growth factor-1 (hIGF-1). We have demonstrated that overexpression of the adaptor molecule enhances both basal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity and also dramatically enhances the ability of both hormones to stimulate PI 3-kinase activity in the cell. Many of the effects of CrkII overexpression on hGH- and hIGF-1-stimulated cellular function can then be attributed to CrkII enhancement of PI 3-kinase stimulation by these hormones. Thus, CrkII-enhanced PI 3-kinase activity is used to enhance actin filament reorganization in response to both hGH and hIGF-1, to enhance stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) activity in response to hGH, and to diminish STAT5-mediated transcription in response to hGH. It is apparent, however, that CrkII also regulates cellular function independent of its ability to stimulate PI 3-kinase activity. This is evidenced by the ability of CrkII, in a PI 3-kinase-independent manner, to diminish the activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in response to both hGH and hIGF-1 and to inhibit the activation of SAPK by hIGF-1. Therefore, despite the common use of CrkII to activate PI 3-kinase, CrkII also allows hGH or hIGF-1 to selectively switch the activation of SAPK. Thus, common utilization of CrkII by hGH and hIGF-1 allows the execution of common cellular effects of these hormones, concomitant with the retention of hormonal specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Dr., Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) receptor and binding protein are synthesized in the CNS and are regulated differentially to their hepatic counterparts. GH is also synthesized in the CNS and is regulated differentially to its hypophyseal counterpart. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is synthesized in the CNS and in the early postnatal period is regulated by peripherally secreted GH. Both GH and IGF-I alter the size and morphology of the CNS during development and affect differentiated cell function in the CNS, with consequent modulation of cognitive function. Differential utilization of the same signal transduction molecules indicates that GH and IGF-I possess distinct overlapping roles in CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Lobie
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Zhu T, Goh EL, LeRoith D, Lobie PE. Growth hormone stimulates the formation of a multiprotein signaling complex involving p130(Cas) and CrkII. Resultant activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK). J Biol Chem 1998; 273:33864-75. [PMID: 9837978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.50.33864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that growth hormone (GH) activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and this activation results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of two FAK substrates, namely paxillin and tensin. We now show here in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with rat GH receptor cDNA that human (h)GH induces the formation of a large multiprotein signaling complex centered around another FAK-associated protein, p130(Cas) and the adaptor protein CrkII. hGH stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of both p130(Cas) and CrkII, their association, and the association of multiple other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins to the complex. Both the c-Src and c-Fyn tyrosine kinases are tyrosine phosphorylated and activated by cellular hGH stimulation and form part of the multiprotein signaling complex as does tensin, paxillin, IRS-1, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, C3G, SHC, Grb-2, and Sos-1. c-Cbl and Nck are also tyrosine-phosphorylated by cellular stimulation with hGH and associate with the p130(Cas)-CrkII complex. c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) is activated in response to hGH in accordance with the formation of the abovementioned signaling complex, and hGH stimulated JNK/SAPK activity is increased in CrkII overexpressing NIH3T3 cells compared with vector transfected NIH3T3 cells. The formation of such a large multiprotein signaling complex by GH, with the resultant activation of multiple downstream effector molecules, may be central to many of the pleiotropic effects of GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Defence Medical Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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Goh EL, Pircher TJ, Lobie PE. Growth hormone promotion of tubulin polymerization stabilizes the microtubule network and protects against colchicine-induced apoptosis. Endocrinology 1998; 139:4364-72. [PMID: 9751520 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of GH on microtubular physiology in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with the complementary DNA for the rat GH receptor (CHO-GHR(1-638)). We show here that after 30 min of human GH (hGH) treatment of CHO-GHR(1-638) cells, there was a significant increase in the level of polymerization of all four tubulin isoforms (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and tyrosinated alpha-tubulin) compared with the serum-deprived state. However, this transient increase in the levels of polymerized tubulin after hGH treatment was particularly pronounced for beta- and tyr alpha-tubulin. For alpha- and gamma-tubulin, the hGH-induced increase in polymerization state lasted to approximately 3 h and then declined by 7 h, whereas for beta- and tyr alpha-tubulin there was a decrease in the polymerization state at 1-2 h after hGH treatment compared with the level at 30 min (but still greater than the serum-deprived state) followed by a second but lesser wave of increased polymerization lasting to 7 h. The changes in the polymerization state of the tubulins were not accompanied by comparative changes in the level of total cellular tubulin. The proline rich box 1 region of the GH receptor was required for hGH to stimulate tubulin polymerization indicative that this event is JAK dependent. Increased tubulin polymerization still occurred in response to hGH in a receptor truncation lacking the carboxyl terminal half of the intracellular domain of the GH receptor indicative that hGH induced changes in intracellular calcium concentration is not required for tubulin polymerization. Prior treatment of CHO-GHR(1-638) cells with hGH retarded colchicine induced microtubule depolymerization and also prevented colchicine induced apoptotic cell death. The integrity of the microtubule network was not required for GH-induced STAT5 mediated transcription as treatment of cells with colchicine, vincristine, or vinblastine did not alter the fold stimulation of the STAT5 mediated transcriptional response to GH. Thus one consequence of cellular treatment with GH is alteration in microtubule physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Zhu T, Goh EL, Lobie PE. Growth hormone stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation and association of p125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with JAK2. Fak is not required for stat-mediated transcription. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:10682-9. [PMID: 9553131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.17.10682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH) activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and this activation results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of two FAK substrates, paxillin and tensin. The activation of FAK is time-dependent (maximal activation at 5-15 min) and dose-dependent (maximal activation at 0.05 nM). FAK and paxillin are constitutively associated in the unstimulated state, remain associated during the stimulation phase, and recruit tyrosine-phosphorylated tensin to the complex after GH stimulation. Half of the carboxyl-terminal region of the GH receptor is dispensable for FAK activation, but FAK activation does require the proline-rich box 1 region of the GH receptor, indicative that FAK is downstream of JAK2. FAK associates with JAK2 but not JAK1 after GH stimulation of cells. Using FAK-replete and FAK-deficient cells, we also show that FAK is not required for STAT-mediated transcriptional activation by GH. The use of FAK in the signal transduction pathway utilized by GH may be central to many of the pleiotropic effects of GH, including cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, chemotaxis, mitogenesis, and/or prevention of apoptosis and gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Defense Medical Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
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Goh EL, Pircher TJ, Wood TJ, Norstedt G, Graichen R, Lobie PE. Growth hormone-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is not required for STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-5)-mediated transcription. Endocrinology 1997; 138:3207-15. [PMID: 9231769 DOI: 10.1210/endo.138.8.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of GH on the organization of the actin cytoskeleton within the cell. Human GH (hGH) treatment (50 nM) of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with the complementary DNA for the rat GH receptor (CHO-GHR(1-638)) resulted in a reorganization of actin filaments in the cell that was not observed upon GH treatment of the untransfected parental CHO cell line. hGH initially induced depolymerization of actin stress fibers similar in magnitude to that induced by treatment of the cells with 100 nM human insulin-like growth factor I. This loss of stress fibers was observed as early as 30 sec after addition of hGH to the medium, and maximal depolymerization of stress fibers was observed between 1-4 min after addition of hGH. This was followed by a slow, but submaximal, repolymerization of the stress fibers and the formation of localized focal filamentous actin containing complexes. Similar cytoskeletal changes were observed after hGH treatment in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and BRL cells stably transfected with rat GH receptor complementary DNA (BRL-GHR(1-6381)). Pretreatment of CHO-GHR(1-638) cells with wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) and verapamil (a calcium channel antagonist) both inhibited the hGH-induced actin reorganization. The integrity of the actin cytoskeleton was not required for GH-induced STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-5)-mediated transcription, as treatment of cells with cytochalasins B and D did not alter the fold stimulation of the STAT5-mediated transcriptional response to GH. We conclude that GH induces a rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by a process requiring phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and calcium influx, but this cytoskeletal reorganization is not required for the STAT5-mediated transcriptional response to GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Defense Medical Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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