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Drazdowski TK, Kelton K, Hibbard PF, McCart MR, Chapman JE, de Martell SC, Sheidow AJ. Implementation outcomes from a pilot study of training probation officers to deliver contingency management for emerging adults with substance use disorders. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024:209450. [PMID: 38960144 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging adults (EAs) in the criminal legal system are at high risk for substance use and related negative outcomes. EAs also have low levels of engagement in treatment services, a pattern exacerbated for those living in rural communities. This pilot study investigated implementation outcomes of task-shifting an evidence-based substance use intervention, via a developmentally targeted program, provided by probation officers (POs) to selected EA clients. METHODS Ten POs recruited from two counties in Oregon who provide services to rural clients were trained and supported in delivering contingency management for EAs (CM-EA) to 17 EAs on their current caseloads. The pilot took place entirely during the COVID-19 pandemic. POs submitted session audiotapes and checklists from meetings with participating EA clients and participated in focus groups. EA clients completed baseline interviews and agreed to have their adult criminal records collected. Ten semi-structured interviews were completed with probation/parole administration and staff from four rural counties across three states highly impacted by the opioid epidemic about the barriers and facilitators for delivering a program like CM-EA in their offices. RESULTS Based on self-reports and observational coding, POs demonstrated fidelity and adoption as they delivered all CM-EA components and engaged in CM-EA quality assurance protocols. Penetration was demonstrated by the selection of EAs reflecting the demographics of their local offices (i.e., White, non-Hispanic, balanced across sex), struggling with polysubstance use, and primarily holding felony convictions. Emerging themes from focus groups and interviews revealed feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of CM-EA, including use with clients not currently in the research program and reported intentions to continue CM-EA use. Barriers for future use include those found for the delivery of other programs in rural areas such as resource limitations. CONCLUSIONS There is initial support for the implementation outcomes related to task-shifting a program like CM-EA to POs, particularly those serving rural clients, to increase access to evidence-based substance use services for EAs. Future research with larger samples and multiple follow-ups will allow for effectiveness testing and further program refinement for this high-priority population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess K Drazdowski
- Oregon Social Learning Center, United States of America; Chestnut Health Systems, Lighthouse Institute, United States of America.
| | | | - Patrick F Hibbard
- Oregon Social Learning Center, United States of America; Chestnut Health Systems, Lighthouse Institute, United States of America
| | | | - Jason E Chapman
- Oregon Social Learning Center, United States of America; Chestnut Health Systems, Lighthouse Institute, United States of America
| | | | - Ashli J Sheidow
- Oregon Social Learning Center, United States of America; Chestnut Health Systems, Lighthouse Institute, United States of America
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Van Deinse TB, Mercier MC, Waters AK, Disbennett M, Cuddeback GS, Velázquez T, Lichtman AM, Taxman F. Strategies for supervising people with mental illnesses on probation caseloads: results from a nationwide study. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:41. [PMID: 37824043 PMCID: PMC10570184 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Probation officers are tasked with supervising the largest number of people living with mental illnesses in the criminal legal system, with an estimated 16-27% of individuals on probation identified as having a mental health condition. While academic research has recently focused on building the evidence base around the prototypical model of specialty mental health probation, less focus has been directed to the individual components of specialized mental health caseloads and other strategies agencies use to supervise people with mental illnesses. More specific information about these strategies would benefit probation agencies looking to implement or enhance supervision protocols for people with mental illnesses. This article describes the results from a nationwide study examining (1) probation agencies' mental health screening and identification methods; (2) characteristics of mental health caseloads, including eligibility criteria, officer selection, required training, and interfacing with service providers; and (3) other strategies agencies use to supervise people with mental illnesses beyond mental health caseloads. Strategies for identifying mental illnesses varied, with most agencies using risk needs assessments, self-report items asked during the intake process, or information from pre-sentencing reports. Less than a third of respondents reported using screening and assessment tools specific to mental health or having a system that tracks or "flags" mental illnesses. Results also showed wide variation in mental health training requirements for probation officers, as well as variation in the strategies used for supervising people with mental illnesses (e.g., mental health caseloads, embedded mental health services within probation, modified cognitive behavioral interventions). The wide variation in implementation of supervision strategies presents (1) an opportunity for agencies to select from a variety of strategies and tailor them to fit the needs of their local context and (2) a challenge in building the evidence base for a single strategy or set of strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya B Van Deinse
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB#3550, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Mariah Cowell Mercier
- Utah Criminal Justice Center, University of Utah, 395 S 1500 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Allison K Waters
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB#3550, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mackensie Disbennett
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB#3550, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gary S Cuddeback
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Academic Learning Commons, 3rd Floor, 1000 Floyd Avenue, P.O. Box 842027, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Tracy Velázquez
- Safety & Justice Research, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 2005 Market Street, Suite 1700, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA
| | - Andrea Murray Lichtman
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB#3550, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Faye Taxman
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, 3351 Fairfax Drive Van Metre Hall, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
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Moore KE, Johnson JE, Luoma JB, Taxman F, Pack R, Corrigan P, Hart J, Slone JD. A multi-level intervention to reduce the stigma of substance use and criminal involvement: a pilot feasibility trial protocol. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:24. [PMID: 37184615 PMCID: PMC10184076 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma associated with substance use and criminal involvement is pervasive and creates a barrier to evidence-based addiction care within the criminal legal system. Research has yet to examine a multi-level stigma intervention which targets the intersection of these stigmas among both criminal legal staff and legally-involved clients. METHODS This paper presents the protocol for a non-randomized trial of a multi-level stigma intervention called Combatting Stigma to Aid Reentry and Recovery (CSTARR) that involves two interventions: (1) training for criminal legal staff to address public stigma and (2) group-based acceptance and commitment therapy to address self-stigma among legally-involved adults enrolled in substance use treatment. Staff and client participants are engaged with a program called the Tennessee Recovery Oriented Compliance Strategy in 6 East Tennessee counties. This study examines the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of CSTARR using a type 1 hybrid implementation/effectiveness trial with pre to post follow-up. DISCUSSION Stigma must be addressed in the criminal legal system to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based addiction care. This study is the first to evaluate a stigma intervention designed for the criminal legal setting and results will be used to inform a larger, randomized controlled trial. The rationale for this study, research design and measures, as well as potential implications for the field are described. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT05152342. Registered 11/5/2021 at https://register. CLINICALTRIALS gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000BIN8&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005X4C&ts=2&cx=-u3wsbx .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Moore
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall, P.O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Johnson
- College of Human Medicine, Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, 200 E. 1St Street, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Jason B Luoma
- Portland Psychotherapy Institute, 3700 N Williams Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Faye Taxman
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, 3351 Fairfax Drive Van Metre Hall, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
| | - Robert Pack
- College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, 277 Lamb Hall, P.O. Box 70623, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Patrick Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Llinois Institute of Technology, 3424 S State St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Jim Hart
- Tennessee Institute for Public Service, 1610 University Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37921, USA
| | - Judge Duane Slone
- Fourth Judicial District of Tennessee, 854 South Hwy. 92, P.O. Box 858, Dandridge, TN, 37725, USA
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Ingel SN, Davis LR, Rudes DS, Taxman FS, Hartwell TN, Drazdowski TK, McCart MR, Chapman JE, Sheidow AJ. JUVENILE PROBATION OFFICER PERCEPTIONS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN JUVENILE PROBATION AND WITH CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT. CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:40-55. [PMID: 37006381 PMCID: PMC10061577 DOI: 10.1177/00938548221106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Probation is a common sanction for youth substance users, and as such, juvenile probation officers (JPOs) shoulder much of the burden for treatment and rehabilitation. To improve youth outcomes and alleviate some of the burden, JPOs may seek parental involvement in the probation and substance use desistance processes. Using focus group data, we analyzed JPO perceptions of the role parents play in contingency management (CM)-an incentive system designed to produce and reward decreased substance use-and whether they perceived any value in CM. We found that most JPOs perceived parental involvement as critical to the success of both substance use treatment and CM for youth. Our findings also suggest JPOs found parental involvement in CM valuable given that CM was employed on nonstudy clients and future clients. This has implications for the practicality and sustainability of CM as a youth probation intervention.
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Ingel S, Drazdowski T, Rudes D, McCart M, Chapman J, Taxman F, Sheidow A. Juvenile Probation Officers’ Perceptions of Sanctions and Incentives as Compliance Strategies. JOURNAL OF APPLIED JUVENILE JUSTICE SERVICES 2022; 2022:27-41. [PMID: 37007431 PMCID: PMC10061776 DOI: 10.52935/22.9147.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In juvenile probation, noncompliance with probation conditions is a common occurrence. To deal with this, juvenile probation officers (JPOs) may use different strategies, such as sanctions and incentives. This study uses survey and focus group data from 19 JPOs to evaluate their perceptions of the effectiveness of sanctions and incentives in reducing youth noncompliance, specifically in the form of substance use. Results show that there are two distinct groups of JPOs: those who believe sanctions are an effective deterrent strategy and those who do not. Perceptually and demographically these two groups contain significant differences. Notably, both groups have similar views of social incentives, but JPOs who believe sanctions are ineffective are significantly more likely to have positive views of tangible incentives. This study has implications for how the field of juvenile probation can target JPO perceptions to move toward incentive-based strategies rather than sanction-based strategies for reducing youth substance use.
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Belenko S, Dembo R, Knight DK, Elkington KS, Wasserman GA, Robertson AA, Welsh WN, Schmeidler J, Joe GW, Wiley T. Using structured implementation interventions to improve referral to substance use treatment among justice-involved youth: Findings from a multisite cluster randomized trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 140:108829. [PMID: 35751945 PMCID: PMC9357202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth involved in the justice system have high rates of alcohol and other drug use, but limited treatment engagement. JJ-TRIALS tested implementation activities with community supervision (CS) and behavioral health (BH) agencies to improve screening, identification of substance use service need, referral, and treatment initiation and engagement, guided by the BH Services Cascade and EPIS frameworks. This paper summarizes intervention impacts on referrals to treatment among youth on CS. METHODS This multisite cluster-randomized trial involved 18 matched pairs of sites in 36 counties in seven states randomly assigned to core or enhanced conditions after implementing the core intervention at all sites for six months. Enhanced sites received external facilitation for local change team activities to reduce unmet treatment needs; Core sites were encouraged to form interagency workgroups. The dependent variable was percentage referred to treatment among youth in need (N = 14,012). Two-level Bayesian regression assessed factors predicting referral across all sites and time periods. Generalized linear mixed models using logit transformation tested two hypotheses: (H1) referrals will increase from baseline to the experimental period, (H2) referral increases will be larger in enhanced sites than in core sites. RESULTS Although the intervention significantly increased referral, condition did not significantly predict referral across all time periods. Youth who tested drug positive, had an alcohol/other drug-related or felony charge, were placed in secure detention or assigned more intensive supervision, or who were White were more likely to be referred. H1 (p < .05) and H2 (p < .0001) were both significant in the hypothesized direction. Interaction analyses comparing site pair differences showed that findings were not consistent across sites. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of youth referred to treatment increased compared with baseline overall, and enhanced sites showed larger increases in referrals over time. However, variations in effects suggest that site-level differences were important. Researchers should carry out mixed methods studies to further understand reasons for the inconsistent findings within randomized site pairs, and how to further improve treatment referrals across CS and BH systems. Findings also highlight that even when CS agencies work collaboratively with BH providers to improve referrals, most justice-involved youth who need SU services are not referred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Dembo
- University of South Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Katherine S Elkington
- Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America
| | - Gail A Wasserman
- Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America
| | | | | | - James Schmeidler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America
| | - George W Joe
- Texas Christian University, United States of America
| | - Tisha Wiley
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, United States of America
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Moore KE, Siebert SL, Kromash R, Owens MD, Allen DC. Negative attitudes about medications for opioid use disorder among criminal legal staff. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 3:100056. [PMID: 36845981 PMCID: PMC9948914 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is a barrier to the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in the criminal legal system. Staff sometimes have negative attitudes about medications for OUD (i.e., MOUD), but there is little research on what drives these attitudes. How staff think about criminal involvement and addiction may explain their attitudes toward MOUD. METHODS A convenience sample of U.S. criminal legal staff (e.g., correctional/probation officers, nurses, psychologists, court personnel) were recruited via online methods (N = 152). Participants completed an online survey of their attitudes about justice-involved people and addiction, and these were entered as predictors of an adapted version of the Opinions about Medication Assisted Treatment survey (OAMAT) in a linear regression, controlling for sociodemographics (cross-sectional design). RESULTS At the bivariate level, measures capturing more stigmatizing attitudes toward justice-involved people, believing addiction represents a moral weakness, and believing people with addiction are responsible for their actions and their recovery were related to more negative attitudes about MOUD, whereas higher educational attainment and believing addiction has a genetic basis were related to more positive attitudes about MOUD. In a linear regression, only stigma toward justice-involved people significantly predicted negative attitudes about MOUD (B = -.27, p = .010). CONCLUSION Criminal legal staff's stigmatizing attitudes about justice-involved people, such as believing they are untrustworthy and cannot be rehabilitated, contributed significantly to negative attitudes about MOUD, above their beliefs about addiction. The stigma tied to criminal involvement needs to be addressed in attempts to increase MOUD adoption in the criminal legal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Moore
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall P.O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Shania L Siebert
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall P.O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Rachelle Kromash
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall P.O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Mandy D Owens
- Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, USA
| | - Diamond C Allen
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall P.O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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Harrison A, Folk J, Rodriguez C, Wallace A, Tolou-Shams M. Using Social Media to Engage Justice-Involved Young Adults in Digital Health Interventions for Substance Use: A Pilot Feasibility Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e37609. [DOI: 10.2196/37609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Prevalence and risk factors for opioid related mortality among probation clients in an American city. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 137:108712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ingel SN, Davis LR, Rudes DS, Hartwell TN, Drazdowski TK, McCart MR, Chapman JE, Taxman FS, Sheidow AJ. Misunderstanding and Sensemaking Among Juvenile Probation Officers Working with Evidence-Based Practices. VICTIMS & OFFENDERS 2021; 17:975-993. [PMID: 36582620 PMCID: PMC9793856 DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2021.1985670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based practices and programs (EBPs) have been adopted in juvenile probation agencies nationwide to maximize the number of successful probation cases. However, various pragmatic studies have found that JPOs are not yielding the expected benefits when compared to efficacy studies (Lipsey et al., 2010; Taxman & Belenko, 2011). Using focus group and survey data, the current study sought to increase our understanding of the gap between pragmatic and efficacy studies in juvenile probation settings by examining JPOs' perceptions and utilization of EBPs. The findings suggest that JPOs are misunderstanding how to use EBPs in daily practice, leaving them with negative perceptions of EBPs. Implications for improving JPO understanding and use of EBPs are discussed.
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Kennedy-Hendricks A, Bandara S, Merritt S, Barry CL, Saloner B. Structural and organizational factors shaping access to medication treatment for opioid use disorder in community supervision. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108881. [PMID: 34218008 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four million individuals in the U.S. criminal-legal system are supervised in the community under probation or parole. Sentences to community supervision often mandate participation in substance use treatment. Yet evidence-based treatment with medication (i.e., methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone) is rarely offered to people under community supervision with opioid use disorder (OUD). This qualitative study explores the structural and organizational factors shaping OUD medication treatment use in community supervision. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 community supervision professionals. Thematic analysis characterized interview participants' perceptions of the key factors shaping use of OUD medications in community supervision. FINDINGS Findings indicate that authorities making decisions about OUD treatment include community supervision agencies, treatment providers, judges and courts, and jails and prisons. Agencies with more rehabilitative cultural orientations are more forgiving of relapse and supportive of OUD medications. Punishment/enforcement orientations align with an emphasis on surveillance and drug testing, which can inhibit medication treatment and interrupt continuity of care. Community supervision agencies generally reported deference to the recommendations of substance use treatment providers regarding the details of treatment, including the use of medication. Given that most treatment providers do not offer OUD medication, community supervision agencies must develop a sophisticated understanding of the various services offered by local treatment providers to tailor referrals accordingly, a responsibility for which they may be inadequately trained. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to improve engagement with medication treatment in U.S. community supervision settings could have a significant impact on reincarceration, morbidity, and mortality among individuals with OUD under supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alene Kennedy-Hendricks
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sachini Bandara
- Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sydney Merritt
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Colleen L Barry
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Brendan Saloner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Knight DK, Joe GW, Morse DT, Smith C, Knudsen H, Johnson I, Wasserman GA, Arrigona N, McReynolds LS, Becan JE, Leukefeld C, Wiley TRA. Organizational Context and Individual Adaptability in Promoting Perceived Importance and Use of Best Practices for Substance Use. J Behav Health Serv Res 2020; 46:192-216. [PMID: 29777368 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-9618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examines associations among organizational context, staff attributes, perceived importance, and use of best practices among staff in community-based, juvenile justice (JJ) agencies. As part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Juvenile Justice-Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ-TRIALS) study, 492 staff from 36 JJ agencies were surveyed about the perceived importance and use of best practices within their organization in five substance use practice domains: screening, assessment, standard referral, active referral, and treatment support. Structural equation models indicated that supervisory encouragement and organizational innovation/flexibility were associated with greater individual adaptability. Adaptability (willingness to try new ideas, use new procedures, adjust quickly to change), was positively correlated with importance ratings. Importance ratings were positively associated with reported use of best practices. Organizational climates that support innovation likely affect use of practices through staff attributes and perceptions of the importance of such services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica K Knight
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298740, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA.
| | - George W Joe
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298740, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - David T Morse
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Foundations, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Corey Smith
- Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Hannah Knudsen
- Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ingrid Johnson
- Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gail A Wasserman
- Center for the Promotion of Mental Health in Juvenile Justice, Columbia University/NYSPI, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Arrigona
- Council of State Governments Justice Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Larkin S McReynolds
- Center for the Promotion of Mental Health in Juvenile Justice, Columbia University/NYSPI, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer E Becan
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298740, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Carl Leukefeld
- Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Boppre B, Sundt J, Salisbury EJ. The Limitations and Strengths of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale as a Measure of Correctional Employees' Attitudes: A Psychometric Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:3947-3964. [PMID: 29284376 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17749450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based practices (EBPs) hold tremendous potential for improving the outcomes of corrections interventions. The implementation of EBPs requires support from staff at all levels of an organization; however, the study of correctional staff attitudes toward organizational change and EBPs is in its infancy. The current study examines the psychometric properties of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS), an instrument originally designed for mental health professionals, to measure correctional employees' readiness to implement EBPs. The results indicate mixed conclusions regarding the use of the EBPAS with correctional staff. We found that the total scale and subscales are reliable and exhibit high internal consistency. However, the results of an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis failed to replicate the factor structure from previous research with mental health providers. The findings indicate potential drawbacks regarding the construct validity of the EBPAS for use with correctional personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jody Sundt
- 2 Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, USA
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