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Orr SL. Headache in Children and Adolescents. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:438-472. [PMID: 38568493 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews the assessment of children and adolescents presenting with headache, provides an overview of primary headache disorders, and reviews evidence-based management of headache in this age group. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS In the last few years, new epidemiological data have shed light on less common pediatric headache disorders (eg, pediatric trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias) and psychosocial risk factors associated with primary headache disorders in children and adolescents. There has also recently been a substantial increase in interventions that target the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway and that treat primary headache disorders using noninvasive neuromodulation. Although these interventions have primarily been studied in adults, there is emerging evidence of their use in the pediatric population. ESSENTIAL POINTS Primary headache disorders are very common in youth, and the most commonly encountered headache diagnosis in neurology practice is migraine, which affects approximately 10% of children and adolescents. Diagnosing and effectively treating primary headache disorders before adulthood may have a sustained impact on the patient by improving long-term headache and mental health outcomes, thereby significantly reducing the burden of disability over time. There are several available and emerging acute and preventive interventions for youth with primary headache disorders, and treatment decisions should be made in the context of available evidence using a shared decision-making approach.
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Nilles C, Williams JV, Patten SB, Pringsheim TM, Orr SL. Lifestyle Factors Associated With Frequent Recurrent Headaches in Children and Adolescents: A Canadian Population-Based Study. Neurology 2024; 102:e209160. [PMID: 38417103 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lifestyle behaviors have been postulated to affect headache frequency in youth and are often the primary target of self-management recommendations. Our study aimed to assess the association between various lifestyle factors and frequent recurrent headaches in children and youth. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 5-17 years were enrolled in a large cross-sectional Canadian population-based health survey, completed on January 31, 2019. Headache frequency was dichotomized into "approximately once/week or less" or ">once/week" (defined as frequent recurrent headaches). The association between frequent headaches and meal schedules, screen exposure, physical activity, chronotype, and frequent substance use/exposure (alcohol, cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and cannabis) was assessed using both unadjusted logistic regression models and models adjusted for age/sex. Fully adjusted models examined the odds of frequent headaches according to all exposures. Survey design effects were accounted for using bootstrap replicate weighting. RESULTS There were an estimated nweighted = 4,978,370 eligible participants in the population. The mean age was 10.9 years (95% CI 10.9-11.0); 48.8% were female; 6.1% had frequent headaches. Frequent headaches were associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% CI 1.28-1.34, p < 0.001) and female sex (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 2.08-2.75, p < 0.001). In models adjusted for age/sex, the odds of frequent headaches decreased with meal regularity (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.90, 95% CI 0.89-0.92, p < 0.001) and increased with later chronotype (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15, p < 0.001) and excess screen exposure (≥21 hours vs none in past week: aOR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.53-5.77, p = 0.001); there was no significant association with reported physical activity (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.67-1.34, p = 0.77). In 12- to 17-year-olds, frequent headaches were associated with frequent alcohol use (≥1/wk vs never: aOR = 3.50, 95% CI 2.18-5.62, p < 0.001), binge drinking (≥5 times in past month vs never: aOR = 5.52, 95% CI 2.95-10.32, p < 0.001), smoking cigarettes (daily vs never: aOR = 3.81, 95% CI 1.91-7.62, p < 0.001), using e-cigarettes (daily vs never: aOR = 3.10, 95% CI 2.29-4.20, p < 0.001), and cannabis use (daily vs never: aOR = 3.59, 95% CI 2.0-6.45, p < 0.001). In the entire sample, daily exposure to smoking inside the house was associated with frequent headaches (aOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.23-3.27, p = 0.005). DISCUSSION Several lifestyle behaviors were associated with frequent headaches in children and youth, such as meal irregularity, late chronotype, prolonged screen exposure, and frequent substance use/exposure, suggesting that these are potential modifiable risk factors to target in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Nilles
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.B.P., T.M.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences; Department of Community Health Sciences (J.V.W.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.B.P., T.M.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.M.P., S.L.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.M.P., S.L.O.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeanne V Williams
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.B.P., T.M.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences; Department of Community Health Sciences (J.V.W.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.B.P., T.M.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.M.P., S.L.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.M.P., S.L.O.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.B.P., T.M.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences; Department of Community Health Sciences (J.V.W.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.B.P., T.M.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.M.P., S.L.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.M.P., S.L.O.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamara M Pringsheim
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.B.P., T.M.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences; Department of Community Health Sciences (J.V.W.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.B.P., T.M.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.M.P., S.L.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.M.P., S.L.O.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Serena L Orr
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.B.P., T.M.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences; Department of Community Health Sciences (J.V.W.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.B.P., T.M.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.M.P., S.L.O.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.M.P., S.L.O.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Nilles C, Williams JVA, Patten S, Pringsheim T, Orr SL. Association Between Peer Victimization, Gender Diversity, Mental Health, and Recurrent Headaches in Adolescents: A Canadian Population-Based Study. Neurology 2023; 101:e1654-e1664. [PMID: 37532511 PMCID: PMC10624480 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is unknown whether bullying and gender diversity are associated with increased headache frequency in adolescents. Our study aimed to assess the association between peer victimization, gender diversity, and frequent recurrent headaches in adolescents, while controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and potential confounders (mood and anxiety disorders, suicidality). METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study of adolescents aged 12-17 years using data from a Canadian population-based health survey. Headache frequency was dichotomized into "≤once/wk" or ">once/wk" (i.e., frequent recurrent headaches). Logistic regression was used to quantify the association between frequent peer victimization (overt or relational), gender diversity (female sex at birth + male gender, male sex at birth + female gender, or gender diverse), mood/anxiety disorder, suicidality, and the odds of frequent recurrent headaches. The fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression model included all exposures and was controlled for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Bootstrap replicate weighting was used to account for survey design effects. RESULTS There were an estimated 2,268,840 eligible participants (weighted sample size) (mean age = 14.4 years, 48.8% female, 0.5% gender diverse), and 11.2% reported frequent recurrent headaches. Frequent recurrent headaches were associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26 per year of age, 95% CI 1.20-1.31), female sex (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 2.47-3.37), and being gender diverse (OR = 3.30, 95% CI 1.64-6.63, adjusted for age/sex). Youth with frequent headaches had higher odds of experiencing both overt and relational bullying compared with peers (OR = 2.69, 95% CI 2.31-3.14, and OR = 3.03, 95% CI 2.58-3.54, adjusted for age/sex). In the fully adjusted model, frequent headaches were no longer associated with gender diversity (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 0.63-3.69) but were still associated with frequent overt and relational peer victimization (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.41-2.34, and OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.17-2.03, respectively), suicidality (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.44-2.32), and having a mood or anxiety disorder (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01-2.21, and OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.24-2.45, respectively). In a model adjusted for age, sex, and mood/anxiety disorders, the risk of suicidality increased incrementally with headache frequency. DISCUSSION Peer victimization and suicidality may be associated with higher headache frequency in adolescents with headaches, independently of mood and anxiety symptoms. Gender-diverse adolescents may have a higher risk of experiencing frequent headaches when compared with cisgender peers, and this may be explained by associated psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, suicidality, and peer victimization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Nilles
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.P., T.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary; Departments of Community Health Sciences (J.V.A.W.) and Clinical Neurosciences (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.P., T.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeanne V A Williams
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.P., T.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary; Departments of Community Health Sciences (J.V.A.W.) and Clinical Neurosciences (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.P., T.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott Patten
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.P., T.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary; Departments of Community Health Sciences (J.V.A.W.) and Clinical Neurosciences (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.P., T.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamara Pringsheim
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.P., T.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary; Departments of Community Health Sciences (J.V.A.W.) and Clinical Neurosciences (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.P., T.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Serena L Orr
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.N., S.P., T.P.), Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary; Departments of Community Health Sciences (J.V.A.W.) and Clinical Neurosciences (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education (S.P., T.P., S.L.O.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute (T.P., S.L.O.), University of Calgary; and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (S.L.O.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Atalar AÇ, Türk BG, Ekizoğlu E, Kurt Gök D, Baykan B, Özge A, Ayta S, Erdoğan FF, Yeni SN, Taşdelen B, Velioğlu SK. Headache in idiopathic/genetic epilepsies: Cluster analysis in a large cohort. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1516-1529. [PMID: 35188224 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The link between headache and epilepsy is more prominent in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of headache and to cluster patients with regard to their headache and epilepsy features. METHODS Patients aged 6-40 years, with a definite diagnosis of I/GE, were consecutively enrolled. The patients were interviewed using standardized epilepsy and headache questionnaires and their headache characteristics were investigated by experts in headache. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed and patients were clustered according to their epilepsy and headache characteristics using an unsupervized K-means algorithm. RESULTS Among 809 patients, 508 (62.8%) reported having any type of headache; 87.4% had interictal headache and 41.2% had migraine. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups for both adults and children/adolescents. In adults, having a family history of headache, ≥5 headache attacks, duration of headache ≥24 months, headaches lasting ≥ 1 hour, and visual analog scale scores >5 were grouped in one cluster, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), myoclonic, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) were clustered in this group (cluster 1). Self-limited epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes and epilepsy with GTCS alone were clustered in cluster 2 with the opposite characteristics. For children/adolescents, the same features as in adult cluster 1 were clustered in a separate group, except for the presence of JME syndrome and GTCS alone as a seizure type. Focal seizures were clustered in another group with the opposite characteristics. In the entire group, the model revealed an additional cluster, including patients with the syndrome of GTCS-alone (50.51%), with ≥ 5 attacks, headache lasting >4 hours, and throbbing headache; 65.66% of patients had a family history of headache in this third cluster (n=99). SIGNIFICANCE Patients with I/GE can be clustered into distinct groups according to headache features along with seizures. Our findings may help in management and planning for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arife Çimen Atalar
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengi Gül Türk
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esme Ekizoğlu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kurt Gök
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Betül Baykan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aynur Özge
- Mersin University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Algology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Semih Ayta
- University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Füsun Ferda Erdoğan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seher Naz Yeni
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Taşdelen
- Mersin University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sibel K Velioğlu
- Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Trabzon, Turkey
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Mingels S, Granitzer M. Cross-Sectional Study of Headache in Flemish Children and Adolescents. Child Neurol Open 2022; 9:2329048X221140783. [DOI: 10.1177/2329048x221140783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although headache is common in pediatrics, data for the Flemish population are missing. We explored headache-prevalence, and its association with communication-technology (CT) and physical activity (PA) in Flemish children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory school-based questionnaire study was designed. Flemish boys and girls (5–18 years) completed a symptom-questionnaire. Primary outcomes: sociodemographic background, headache-prevalence, headache-characteristics, CT-use and PA characteristics (self-report). Secondary outcomes: associations between headache-characteristics, age, gender, and CT-use and PA-characteristics. Results: Four hundred twenty-four questionnaires were analysed: 5–7-years: n = 58; 8–11-years: n = 84; 12–15-years: n = 137; 16–18-years: n = 145. Fifty-five percent suffered from headache. Prevalence increased with age. More 16–18-year girls versus boys had headache. CT-use was the main headache-provocateur. Headache prevalence was significantly higher in a frequently physical active population. Conclusion: Our results suggest presence of headache in Flemish children and adolescents. PA-level associates with headache prevalence. However, children and adolescents with headache did not report more CT-use compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mingels
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marita Granitzer
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Shuaibi S, AlAshqar A, Ahmed SF, Alroughani R, AlThufairi H, Owayed S, AlHamdan F, Al-Hashel J. Primary Headache Disorder Among School Students in Kuwait. Front Neurol 2021; 12:621017. [PMID: 33603711 PMCID: PMC7884619 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.621017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary headaches are remarkably prevalent worldwide and are increasingly reported among children. However, the exact trend in this age group, particularly in the Gulf region, remains largely unknown. Aims and Objectives: To examine the prevalence of primary headache disorders among primary and middle school students in Kuwait. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included Kuwaiti primary and middle school children and adolescents of both genders in randomly selected schools located in two governorates in Kuwait in the 2018/2019 academic year. Prevalence and attributable burden of headaches, definite and probable migraines, definite and probable tension-type headaches, chronic headaches (≥15 days/month), and probable medication-overuse headaches were assessed using the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap, and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire for children and adolescents. Results: Of 1,485 questionnaires that were distributed, 1,089 students completed the questionnaire with a respondent rate of 73.4%. The study population consisted of 420 boys (38.56%) and 669 girls (61.43%) students with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.11 years. The 1-year prevalence of primary headache disorders was 42.78%, with more middle schoolers reporting headaches than primary schoolers (50.37 vs. 30.48%; p < 0.02). The mean age of students with primary headaches was 11.98 ± 2.03 years in both genders. When stratified according to diagnostic criteria, migraine headaches were the most frequently reported (20.75%), followed by tension type headaches (18.8%), chronic headaches (2.75%), and probable medication-overuse headaches (0.46%). Primary headaches were significantly higher in girls compared to boys among middle schoolers (66.46 vs. 38.49%; p < 0.001); however, no significant difference between genders was noted among primary school students (33.12 vs. 22.33%; p < 0.118). Conclusion: Primary headaches are remarkably common in Kuwaiti school students, with migraine headaches being the most frequently reported type. Age and female gender may play a role in the development of primary headaches. These findings necessitate the direction of health services and research efforts toward this age group and warrant the need for further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Shuaibi
- Internal Medicine Department, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | - Samar Farouk Ahmed
- Neurology Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Safat, Kuwait
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Raed Alroughani
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait
| | | | - Shaikhah Owayed
- Internal Medicine Department, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | - Jasem Al-Hashel
- Neurology Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Safat, Kuwait
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Fonseca E, Torres-Ferrús M, Gallardo VJ, Macaya A, Pozo-Rosich P. Impact of Puberty in Pediatric Migraine: A Pilot Prospective Study. J Clin Neurol 2020; 16:416-422. [PMID: 32657062 PMCID: PMC7354976 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The short-term evolution of pediatric migraine remains unclear. We aimed to describe the evolution of migraine before and after puberty and its relationship with lifestyle habits. Methods We prospectively selected prepuberal patients from a neuropediatric unit who had a migraine diagnosis. Their medical history, migraine characteristics and impact, and lifestyle habits were recorded at the baseline visit. After 2 years we performed a telephone follow-up assessment. Results Nineteen patients were recruited (age 10.2±2.9 years, mean±SD; 57.9% female), of whom 27.5% had migraine with aura. The accompanying symptoms had changed at the follow-up, with significantly higher prevalence rates of dizziness (44.4% vs. 88.9%), vertigo (11.1% vs. 66.7%), mood changes (38.9% vs 83.3%), confusion (5.6% vs. 77.8%), and allodynia (27.8% vs. 61.1%). Sleep disturbances (5.6% vs. 38.9%) and schedule changes (0% vs. 38.9%) increased significantly as triggers. Prodromal symptoms became more prevalent (16.7% vs. 50%), with a higher proportion of sleep disturbances reported (50.0% vs. 87.5%). Conclusions Prodromal symptoms increase in pediatric migraine after 2 years, and some trigger factors for migraine become more prevalent, including sleep disturbances. New accompanying symptoms are also identified. These changes provide information about how migraine changes during puberty along with physical and lifestyle changes, and represent a dynamic physiopathological process that deserves more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fonseca
- Headache Unit. Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torres-Ferrús
- Headache Unit. Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor José Gallardo
- Headache Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache Unit. Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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Migraine and associated comorbidities are three times more frequent in children with ADHD and their mothers. Brain Dev 2018; 40:857-864. [PMID: 29921473 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disorder related to internalizing and externalizing disorders as well as somatic complaints and disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of headache subtypes, epilepsy, atopic disorders, motion sickness and recurrent abdominal pain among children and adolescents with ADHD and their parents. METHODS In a multi-center, cross-sectional, familial association study using case-control design, treatment naïve children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-5 criteria as well as age- and gender-matched healthy controls and their parents were evaluated by a neurologist and analyzed accordingly. RESULTS 117 children and adolescents with ADHD and 111 controls were included. Headache disorder diagnosis was common for both patients and healthy controls (59.0% vs. 37.8%), with a significantly elevated rate in the ADHD group (p = 0.002). Migraine was found in 26.0% of ADHD patients and 9.9% of healthy controls. Tension headache was found in 32.4% of ADHD patients and 27.9% of healthy controls. Headache diagnosis was also found to be significantly more common in mothers of children with ADHD than control group mothers (90.5% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Headache diagnoses and specifically migraines were significantly more common among children with ADHD and their mothers, while recurrent abdominal pain was elevated in both parents and ADHD patients. Migraine is an important part of ADHD comorbidity, not only for children but also for mothers. Motion sickness may be reduced among families of ADHD probands.
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Larsson B, Sigurdson JF, Sund AM. Long-term follow-up of a community sample of adolescents with frequent headaches. J Headache Pain 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 30182167 PMCID: PMC6123329 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several outcome studies have reported on the short- and long-term effects of migraine in selected clinical samples of children and adolescents. However, current knowledge of the course, incidence, and outcome predictors of frequent headaches in early adolescents in community populations is limited, and little is known about the long-term effects. Headache remains untreated in most of these young people. Here we examined the course, incidence, and outcome predictors of frequent headaches (at least once a week) over the long term (14 years) using previously assessed data at the baseline and 1-year follow-up of early adolescents. Methods Out of an original sample of 2440 who participated in the first two assessments, a sample of 1266 participants (51.9% response rate) aged 26–28 years (mean = 27.2 years) completed an electronic questionnaire comprising questions about their headache frequency and duration at the long-term follow-up. These headache characteristics together with gender, age, parental divorce, number of friends, school absence, impairment of leisure-time activities and seeing friends, pain comorbidity, and emotional (in particular, depressive symptoms) and behavioral problems were analyzed. Results In these young people, 8.4% reported frequent headaches (at least once a week) at the extended follow-up, while 19% of the participants having such headaches at baseline again reported such levels with a negligible gender difference. Over the follow-up period, 7.4% had developed frequent headaches, and a higher percentage of females reported such headaches (11.3% in females, 1.5% in males). In a multivariate model, frequent headaches at the baseline, gender (worse prognosis in females), impairment of leisure-time activities and seeing friends, and higher level of depressive symptoms significantly predicted headache frequency at the long-term follow-up. Conclusions Our findings suggest that gender, greater social impairment, and comorbid depressive symptoms are important indicators for both the short- and long-term prognosis of frequent headaches in early adolescents in community populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Larsson
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, NTNU, Klostergat. 46/48, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Johannes Foss Sigurdson
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, NTNU, Klostergat. 46/48, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Sund
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, NTNU, Klostergat. 46/48, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway
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Foiadelli T, Piccorossi A, Sacchi L, De Amici M, Tucci M, Brambilla I, Marseglia GL, Savasta S, Verrotti A. Clinical characteristics of headache in Italian adolescents aged 11-16 years: a cross-sectional questionnaire school-based study. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:44. [PMID: 29618369 PMCID: PMC5885291 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine headache characteristics, impact on daily activities and medication attitudes among a large sample of adolescents in Italy. Methods Secondary school classes were randomly selected from a national stratified multistage sampling. Data regarding socio-familial factors, headache characteristics, impact on daily activities and medication use were recorded with an anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire. Results The survey involved 2064 adolescents. 1950 questionnaires were considered for analysis. Study population included 944 males (48.4%) and 1006 females (51.6%), aged between 11 and 16 years (mean 13.5 ± 1.87). Headache prevalence was 65.9%. Mean age at headache onset was 8.33 years. 9.8% suffered from headache > 1/week, 14.3% > 1/month, 24.2% monthly and 17.7% less than monthly. The mean duration of a headache episode was less than 30 min in 32.9%, 1 hour in 28.1%, 2 hours in 19.3% and several hours in 19.5%. Pain intensity was moderate in 52.2% and severe in 9.5%. School represented the main trigger factor (67%). Impact on daily activities was noted in 57.5%. 69.2% of adolescents reported the use of pain relievers. Up to 5.7% declared self-medication, while only 20.6% followed a physician’s prescription. Female adolescents experienced headache more frequently (70.2% vs 60%) and more intensely than male peers. Girls had a higher family history of headache, could more frequently identify a trigger factor, and were more affected into their daily activities than boys. Conclusions Population-based studies of headache disorders are important, as they inform needs assessment and underpin service policy for a disease that is a public-health priority. Headache has a high prevalence among adolescents and carries a significant burden in terms of impact on daily activities and use of medication. Furthermore, underdiagnose is common, while trigger factors are often detectable. Special consideration should be given to female adolescents and self-medication attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foiadelli
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico "S. Matteo" Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Piccorossi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Sacchi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara De Amici
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico "S. Matteo" Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico "S. Matteo" Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico "S. Matteo" Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pediatric Clinic, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico "S. Matteo" Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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11
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Calik M, Aktas MS, Cecen E, Piskin IE, Ayaydın H, Ornek Z, Karaca M, Solmaz A, Ay H. The association between serum vitamin B12 deficiency and tension-type headache in Turkish children. Neurol Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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12
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Salem H, Vivas D, Cao F, Kazimi IF, Teixeira AL, Zeni CP. ADHD is associated with migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:267-277. [PMID: 28905127 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An association between primary headaches and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has long been suggested. Moreover, headache is regarded as a common side effect of stimulants, the most effective treatment for ADHD. So far, no systematic review has evaluated the potential association between ADHD and headache. We performed a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of all reported studies on ADHD and primary headaches. Our analysis showed a positive association between ADHD and migraine (OR 1.322, 95% CI 1.018-1717, p value 0.036), but not with tension-type headache. There is a significant association between migraine and ADHD. The mechanisms underlying this association remain to be elucidated, warranting further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Salem
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Vivas
- Pediatric Mood Disorders/ADHD Across Lifespan Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Suite 3128, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Fei Cao
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iram F Kazimi
- Pediatric Mood Disorders/ADHD Across Lifespan Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Suite 3128, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian P Zeni
- Pediatric Mood Disorders/ADHD Across Lifespan Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1941 East Road, Suite 3128, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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13
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Co-occurrence of migraine and atopy in children and adolescents: myth or a casual relationship? Curr Opin Neurol 2018; 30:287-291. [PMID: 28248699 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To clarify the causal relationship between migraine and atopic disorders in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Migraine headache and atopic disorders including asthma are both common functional syndromes of childhood in which nature of the relationship is still debated. Attacks may induce in both disorders upon exposure to potential triggers in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical phenotype manifests by temporary dysfunction of target tissue mediated by inflammation triggered by specific agents. Clinical features also change after puberty because of the partial effect of female sex hormones on the process. Appropriate definition of the syndrome and differentiating from other disorders are necessary not only for correct diagnosis, but also for planning of management strategies in children. Allergic rhinosinusitis needs to be differentiated from migraine even in experienced clinics. Questioning the presence of cranial autonomic symptoms is important clue in the differential diagnosis. Atopic disorder screening is particularly required in the diagnosis of migraine in childhood and adolescents. The link between both disorders of childhood seems to be far from a coincidence and some common inflammatory mechanisms are shared. SUMMARY On the basis of clinical features, laboratory findings and some practical clues in children, accurate diagnosis of migraine and atopic disorders are very critical for physicians, pediatricians and algologists.
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14
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Özge A, Faedda N, Abu-Arafeh I, Gelfand AA, Goadsby PJ, Cuvellier JC, Valeriani M, Sergeev A, Barlow K, Uludüz D, Yalın OÖ, Lipton RB, Rapoport A, Guidetti V. Experts' opinion about the primary headache diagnostic criteria of the ICHD-3rd edition beta in children and adolescents. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:109. [PMID: 29285570 PMCID: PMC5745373 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2013 International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) was published in a beta version to allow the clinicians to confirm the validity of the criteria or to suggest improvements based on field studies. The aim of this work was to review the Primary Headache Disorders Section of ICHD-3 beta data on children and adolescents (age 0-18 years), and to suggest changes, additions, and amendments. METHODS Several experts in childhood headache across the world applied different aspects of ICHD-3 beta in their normal clinical practice. Based on their personal experience and the literature available on pediatric headache, they made observations and proposed suggestions for the primary headache disorders section of ICHD-3 beta data on children and adolescents. RESULTS Some headache disorders in children have specific features which are different from those seen in adults and which should be acknowledged and considered. Some features in children were found to be age-dependent: clinical characteristics, risks factors and etiologies have a strong bio psycho-social basis in children and adolescents making primary headache disorders in children distinct from those in adults. CONCLUSIONS Several recommendations are presented in order to make ICHD-3 more appropriate for use with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Özge
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Noemi Faedda
- Phd program in Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Paediatrics and Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amy A. Gelfand
- UCSF Headache Center and UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Brain Center 2330 Post St 6th Floor San Francisco, Campus Box 1675, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA
| | - Peter James Goadsby
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust King’s Clinical Research Facility, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Jean Christophe Cuvellier
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Lille Faculty of Medicine and Children’s Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alexey Sergeev
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Headache Clinic, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karen Barlow
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children’s Hospital, C4-335, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8 Canada
| | - Derya Uludüz
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, İstanbul University, Kocamustafapaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Özgür Yalın
- İstanbul Research and Education Hospital, Kocamustafapaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of Neurology Montefiore Headache Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Louis and Dora Rousso Building, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Room 332, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Alan Rapoport
- The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Vincenzo Guidetti
- Department of Pediatrics and Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Eidlitz-Markus T, Haimi-Cohen Y, Zeharia A. Vomiting and migraine-related clinical parameters in pediatric migraine. Headache 2017; 57:899-907. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Eidlitz-Markus
- Pediatric Headache Clinic; Day Hospitalization Department, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yishai Haimi-Cohen
- Pediatric Headache Clinic; Day Hospitalization Department, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Avraham Zeharia
- Pediatric Headache Clinic; Day Hospitalization Department, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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16
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Toldo I, Rattin M, Perissinotto E, De Carlo D, Bolzonella B, Nosadini M, Rossi LN, Vecchio A, Simonati A, Carotenuto M, Scalas C, Sciruicchio V, Raieli V, Mazzotta G, Tozzi E, Valeriani M, Cianchetti C, Balottin U, Guidetti V, Sartori S, Battistella PA. Survey on treatments for primary headaches in 13 specialized juvenile Headache Centers: The first multicenter Italian study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2017; 21:507-521. [PMID: 28082014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate the use and the self-perceived efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in children and adolescents with primary headaches. METHODS Study of a cohort of children and adolescents diagnosed with primary headache, consecutively referred to 13 juvenile Italian Headache Centers. An ad hoc questionnaire was used for clinical data collection. RESULTS Among 706 patients with primary headaches included in the study, 637 cases with a single type of headache (migraine 76% - with and without aura in 10% and 67% respectively; tension-type headache 24%) were selected (mean age at clinical interview: 12 years). Acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (in particular ibuprofen) were commonly used to treat attacks, by 76% and 46% of cases respectively. Triptans were used overall by 6% of migraineurs and by 13% of adolescents with migraine, with better efficacy than acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Preventive drugs were used by 19% of migraineurs and by 3% of subjects with tension-type headache. In migraineurs, flunarizine was the most frequently used drug (18%), followed by antiepileptic drugs (7%) and pizotifen (6%), while cyproheptadine, propanolol and amitriptyline were rarely used. Pizotifen showed the best perceived efficacy and tolerability. Melatonin and nutraceuticals were used by 10% and 32% of subjects, respectively, both for migraine and tension-type headache, with good results in terms of perceived efficacy and tolerability. Non-pharmacological preventive treatments (i.e. relaxation techniques, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, acupuncture) were used only by 10% of cases (migraine 9%, tension-type headache 15%). DISCUSSION Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially ibuprofen, should be preferred to acetaminophen for acute attacks of migraine or tension-type headache, because they were usually more effective and well tolerated. Triptans could be used more frequently as first or almost second choice for treating migraine attack in adolescents. Non-pharmacological preventive treatments are recommended by some pediatric guidelines as first-line interventions for primary headaches and their use should be implemented in clinical practice. Prospective multicenter studies based on larger series are warranted to better understand the best treatment strategies for young people with primary headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Toldo
- Juvenile Headache Centre, University Hospital of Padua, Italy.
| | - Martina Rattin
- Juvenile Headache Centre, University Hospital of Padua, Italy.
| | - Egle Perissinotto
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Debora De Carlo
- Juvenile Headache Centre, University Hospital of Padua, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Angelo Vecchio
- Child Neuropsychiatry Division, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | - Cinzia Scalas
- Juvenile Headache Centre, University Hospital of Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Raieli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Division, "G.F. Ingrassia" Hospital, AUSL n°6, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mazzotta
- Child and Juvenile Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASL n°4, Terni, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Tozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | - Carlo Cianchetti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Umberto Balottin
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Guidetti
- Department of Pediatrics and Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Sartori
- Juvenile Headache Centre, University Hospital of Padua, Italy.
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Systematic Review of Childhood and Adolescent Risk and Prognostic Factors for Recurrent Headaches. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 17:855-873.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cuvellier JC, Tourte M, Lucas C, Vallée L. Stability of Pediatric Migraine Subtype After a 5-year Follow-Up. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:1138-42. [PMID: 27071466 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816643404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study assessed the 5-year follow-up outcome and possible prognostic factors of migraine subtypes with onset in childhood or adolescence. A total of 343 patients meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-II criteria for migraine without aura (MO), migraine with aura (MA), or both MO+MA (ie, 1.1, 1.2) were contacted by phone and underwent structured follow-up headache interviews. Of the original sample patients, 22.7% were headache-free at follow-up, 14.1% had a transformed headache diagnosis (tension-type headache: 8.2%, chronic daily headache: 5.8%), and 63.3% still had migraine fulfilling the criteria for ICHD-II 1.1. or 1.2, but those who were still migraineurs at follow-up were older at baseline (respectively 12.93, 9.99, and 11.02 years for MO, MA and MO+MA, P = .0005). The probability of having the same migraine subtype diagnosis at baseline and at 5-year follow-up was 55.2%, 95.1%, and 31.1% for ICHD-II 1.1, 1.2, and both 1.1 and 1.2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Tourte
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, rue Émile-Laine, Lille, France
| | - Christian Lucas
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, rue Émile-Laine, Lille, France
| | - Louis Vallée
- Service de neuropédiatrie, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, rue Émile-Laine, Lille, France
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20
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Abstract
The objectives of this systematic review were to examine age dependency of headache prevalence in school age children and to assess secular trends of headache prevalence in the last decade, gender and regional differences. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE to identify all prevalence studies in children and adolescents. Five hundred seventy studies were found, of which 37 studies could be included for this review. Headache prevalence in school children increases with their age as demonstrated in cohorts of identical children and cross-sectional surveys covering different age groups of children in one population. Regarding a potential general increase in the prevalence of headache in children and adolescents in the last decade, there are four studies which all show some increase of headache prevalence; however, the degree of increase is varying. Prevalence of headache in girls appears to be higher than in boys. There were no clear regional differences in the prevalence of headache.
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Straube A, Heinen F, Ebinger F, von Kries R. Headache in school children: prevalence and risk factors. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 110:811-8. [PMID: 24333367 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent headache is a common problem in school children. Evaluation generally leads to the diagnosis of a primary headache syndrome (migraine or tension-type headache). This review is addressed to the question whether headaches in school children are becoming more common and, if so, what risk factors are associated with the rise in frequency. METHOD We selectively searched the PubMed database for pertinent publications that contained the terms "primary headache AND children/adolescent AND risk factors/prevalence." Articles published in either English or German up to April 2013 were considered. Articles on secondary types of headache were excluded. RESULTS Headaches are becoming more common among school children. At present, 66% to 71% of 12- to 15- year-olds have at least one headache every three months, and 33% to 40% have at least one per week. Headache is often accompanied by other physical and/or emotional manifestations. Studies from Scandinavia reveal increasing prevalence in age groups from 8 years of age and upward. Various studies have identified the following risk factors for headache or for its chronification (up to 5.8-fold elevation of risk): a dysfunctional family situation, the regular consumption of alcohol, caffeine ingestion, smoking, a low level of physical activity, physical or emotional abuse, bullying by peers, unfair treatment in school, and insufficient leisure time. CONCLUSION Headaches are becoming more common among children and adolescents. They are often associated with other physical and emotional complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, Paderborn, and Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Munich
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Özge A, Öksüz N, Ayta S, Uluduz D, Yıldırım V, Toros F, Taşdelen B. Atopic disorders are more common in childhood migraine and correlated headache phenotype. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:868-872. [PMID: 24840677 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The supportive clinical and pathophysiological data about the correlation between migraine and atopic disorders are far from a coincidence. In order to determine and investigate the correlates of atopic disorders in a specific dataset, we performed this retrospective cross-sectional clinical-based study. METHODS The dataset was composed from three tertiary center web-based databases (http://www.childhoodheadache.org). Headache diagnosis and differential diagnosis were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd version and the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Migraine with aura, migraine without aura, chronic migraine and episodic and chronic tension type headache (TTH) patients were included. All other causes of headache disorders, including comorbid headache disorders like migraine plus TTH or "possible" causes of headache, were excluded. RESULTS The study included 438 patients with migraine and 357 patients with TTH, whose age and sex distribution were identical. After descriptive statistics accordingly, 80 migraine (18.2%) and 23 TTH (6.4%) patients were found to have specific atopic disorders (P < 0.001). Atopic disorders are more commonly reported in patients with migraine with aura (21.6%) than those with migraine without aura and TTH (P < 0.001). The most common atopic disorders were seasonal rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma. There was also a close correlation between TTH with atopic disorders and psychiatric comorbid disorders of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Although the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd version, does not specify, atopic disorders should be suspected in all migraine patients and their relatives, not only for accurate diagnosis but also for planning prophylactic medications, such as β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Özge
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nevra Öksüz
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Semih Ayta
- Department of Neurology, Maltepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Uluduz
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veli Yıldırım
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Fevziye Toros
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Taşdelen
- Department of Biostatistics, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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Albers L, Straube A, Landgraf MN, Heinen F, von Kries R. High diagnostic stability of confirmed migraine and confirmed tension-type headache according to the ICHD-3 beta in adolescents. J Headache Pain 2014; 15:36. [PMID: 24916858 PMCID: PMC4075938 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable headache diagnosis classification is a prerequisite for identification of headache type specific risk factors. Does the stability of a headache diagnosis over time vary between migraine and tension-type headache (TTH)? Are there differences in diagnosis stability between a probable and a definite headache diagnosis? FINDINGS In a sample of 783 students (ages 12 to 18 years) participating in a headache intervention study in greater Munich, the stability of headache classification according to the International Classification of Headache Disorder - third edition (beta version) (ICHD-3 beta) after a follow-up of 7 months was examined. Differences in stability of probable or definite migraine and probable or definite TTH were assessed. The stability of the headache diagnosis was assessed as predictive value of headache diagnosis with regard to confirmation of the headache type using the same diagnostic instrument 7 months later. Predictive values with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported.Of students with initial migraine, a diagnosis of migraine was confirmed in 65.71% of students after 7 months (95%-CI [59.40-71.64]). A clear distinction between probable (44.71%, 95%-CI [33.91-53.89]) and confirmed diagnosis (76.88% 95%-CI [69.56-83.17]) of migraine was observed. For TTH the predictive value was 62.66% (95%-CI [57.07-68.01]) overall with a lower stability for probable (46.10%, 95%-CI [37.68-54.69]) compared to the confirmed diagnosis (69.71%, 95%-CI [23.58-37.67]). CONCLUSION While confirmed migraine and confirmed TTH diagnoses seem stable over time, stability of a probable diagnosis for either headache type was lower. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register with the ID DRKS00003308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Albers
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Haydnstr. 5, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjam N Landgraf
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Heinen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Haydnstr. 5, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Antonaci F, Voiticovschi-Iosob C, Di Stefano AL, Galli F, Ozge A, Balottin U. The evolution of headache from childhood to adulthood: a review of the literature. J Headache Pain 2014; 15:15. [PMID: 24641507 PMCID: PMC3995299 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Headache is one of the most common disorders in childhood, with an estimated 75% of children reporting significant headache by the age of 15 years. Pediatric migraine is the most frequent recurrent headache disorder, occurring in up to 28% of older teenagers. Headaches rank third among the illness-related causes of school absenteeism and result in substantial psychosocial impairment among pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to clarify the evolution of the clinical features of primary headache in the transition from childhood to adulthood through a review of relevant data available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the period 1988 to July 2013.The search strategy identified 15 published articles which were considered eligible for inclusion in the analysis (i.e., relevant to the investigation of pediatric headache outcome). All were carried out after the publication of the first version of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-I). The availability of data on the evolution of primary headaches over a period of time is important from both a clinical and a public health perspective. The identification of prognostic factors of the evolution of headache (remission or evolution into another headache form) over time should be an objective of future headache research for the development of prevention strategies. Given that headache is a major factor contributing to school absenteeism and poorer quality of life not only in childhood but also in adolescence, understanding the natural history and the management of the different headache forms is vital for our future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antonaci
- Headache Center, C, Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Cvetković VV, Plavec D, Lovrenčić-Huzjan A, Strineka M, Ažman D, Bene R. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of headache in adolescents: A Croatian epidemiological study. Cephalalgia 2013; 34:289-97. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102413507636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Headaches are often under-diagnosed in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the one-year prevalence of primary headaches among high school students in the city of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. Methods This was a population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 2350 questionnaires consisting of questions on demographic data, the presence and clinical characteristics of headaches were distributed among students in eight high schools; 2057 (87.5%) questionnaires were eligible for analysis. Results The mean age of the students was 17.2 ± 1.2 years; 50.2% were female. The prevalence of recurrent headache was 30.1% (620/2057), girls 35.1%, boys 25.2%. Among students with headache, 291 (46.9%) had migraine, and 329 (53.1%) had tension-type headaches (TTHs). The mean frequency of headaches was 5.66 per month in girls and 4.42 in boys; mean duration of a headache attack was 8.94 hours in girls and 8.37 hours in boys (NS). Unilateral headache was present in 31.6%, throbbing quality in 22.6%, dull in 34.4% of students; 22.4% had severe intensity and 70.3% moderate. Nausea was present in 4.0% always and in 14.7% frequently (girls 18.8%), photophobia in 41.3%, phonophobia in 63.2%, osmophobia in 23.9% (NS among genders). Almost 30% of students were disabled and stayed at home, more frequently boys. Girls (33.4%) were more likely to take drugs for every attack; number per month was 3.7. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of migraine among adolescents in Croatia was 16.5% for girls and 11.8% for boys; the prevalence of TTH was 18.4% for girls and 13.4% for boys. Conclusions The prevalence of self-reported headache among high school students in Zagreb is relatively high. Significant gender differences in frequency and clinical characteristics were observed. Primary headaches among adolescents are an important public health problem and should receive more attention from school and health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davor Plavec
- Children’s Hospital Srebrnjak, Research Department, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Strineka
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Ažman
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Slavonski Brod, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Raphael Bene
- University Department of Neurology, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice,” Zagreb, Croatia
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Tornøe B, Andersen LL, Skotte JH, Jensen R, Gard G, Skov L, Hallström I. Test-retest repeatability of strength capacity, aerobic power and pericranial tenderness of neck and shoulder muscles in children - relevant for tension-type headache. J Pain Res 2013; 6:643-51. [PMID: 24039446 PMCID: PMC3770627 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s46344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frequent or chronic tension-type headache in children is a prevalent and debilitating condition for the child, often leading to medication overuse. To explore the relationship between physical factors and tension-type headache in children, the quality of repeated measures was examined. The aim of the present study was to determine the test-retest repeatability of parameters determining isometric neck and shoulder strength and stability, aerobic power, and pericranial tenderness in children. Methods Twenty-five healthy children, 9 to 18 years of age, participated in test-retest procedures within a 1-week interval. A computerized padded force transducer was used for testing. The tests included the isometric maximal voluntary contraction and force steadiness of neck flexion and extension, and the isometric maximal voluntary contraction and rate of force of the dominant shoulder. Pericranial tenderness was recorded by means of standardized manual palpation, and a submaximal cycle ergometer test predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The measurements were evaluated in steps, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); changes in the mean between the two test occasions; the levels of agreement, visualized in Bland-Altman Plots; and by quantifying the variability. Results The results showed an acceptable test-retest repeatability of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (ICC 0.90–0.97). The force steadiness measurements revealed a trend of systematic changes in the direction of neck flexion and need further examination in both healthy and ill children. The rate of force development, Total Tenderness Score, and prediction of VO2 max showed repeatability, with ICC 0.80–0.87. Conclusion The measurements of strength capacity, aerobic power, and tenderness provide acceptable repeatability, suitable for research in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Tornøe
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Scania, Sweden ; Children's Headache Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark ; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark ; Department of Physiotherapy, Medical Department, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Huguet A, Hayden JA, Stinson J, McGrath PJ, Chambers CT, Tougas ME, Wozney L. Judging the quality of evidence in reviews of prognostic factor research: adapting the GRADE framework. Syst Rev 2013; 2:71. [PMID: 24007720 PMCID: PMC3930077 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis research aims to identify factors associated with the course of health conditions. It is often challenging to judge the overall quality of research evidence in systematic reviews about prognosis due to the nature of the primary studies. Standards aimed at improving the quality of primary studies on the prognosis of health conditions have been created, but these standards are often not adequately followed causing confusion about how to judge the evidence. METHODS This article presents a proposed adaptation of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), which was developed to rate the quality of evidence in intervention research, to judge the quality of prognostic evidence. RESULTS We propose modifications to the GRADE framework for use in prognosis research along with illustrative examples from an ongoing systematic review in the pediatric pain literature. We propose six factors that can decrease the quality of evidence (phase of investigation, study limitations, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, publication bias) and two factors that can increase it (moderate or large effect size, exposure-response gradient). CONCLUSIONS We describe criteria for evaluating the potential impact of each of these factors on the quality of evidence when conducting a review including a narrative synthesis or a meta-analysis. These recommendations require further investigation and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Huguet
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, PO Box 9700, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada.
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Ciriaco A, Russo A, Monzani D, Genovese E, Benincasa P, Caffo E, Pini LA. A preliminary study on the relationship between central auditory processing and childhood primary headaches in the intercritical phase. J Headache Pain 2013; 14:69. [PMID: 23937666 PMCID: PMC3751182 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, an increasing number of articles have appeared on central auditory processing disorders, but in the literature there is only one study that evaluated the possible correlation between migraine in the critical phase and central auditory processing. The aim of our study was to assess the correlation between auditory processing information and childhood primary headaches in the intercritical phase. METHODS This is an observational study. We enrolled 54 patients, 30 with primary headache (migraine and tension headache) and 24 normal controls, matched for sex and age. The mean age at first observation was 9 years 10 months; the duration of observational follow-up was 2 years. Both groups had normal audiological and neurological profiles, normal peripheral hearing acuity and normal cognitive and behavioral skills. We excluded patients who had undergone pharmacological prophylactic treatment for headaches in the 6 months preceding the study and subjects with a frequency of headache lower than one every two months. After enrolment, both groups were analyzed with a computerized test battery for Speech Perception Tests in silence and in noise background to assess speech perception disabilities. In addition, with a test battery of Speech Perception Tests, we compared patients with migraines and tension-type headaches. The non-parametric χ2 test, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used for statistical analysis. P-values <0.05 were considered significant and STATA 10 software was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Our results showed that patients with primary headache (migraine and tension-type headache), had a deficit of auditory processing in noisy background compared to control cases, but we found no significant differences when we compared patients with migraine and tension-type headache. CONCLUSIONS This is a work in progress and further studies are needed to assess the relationship between the impairment of auditory processing and primary headache, not only to improve the diagnostic approach to primary headache, but also to improve therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ciriaco
- Headache and Drug Abuse Inter-Dep Research Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy
| | - Angelo Russo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Monzani
- Audiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinical and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Genovese
- Audiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinical and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Benincasa
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital of Carpi, Via Guido Molinari 2, Carpi, Italy
| | - Ernesto Caffo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Alberto Pini
- Headache and Drug Abuse Inter-Dep Research Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy
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Kowa H, Nakashima K. [Clinical course and natural history in migraine]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2012; 51:1147-9. [PMID: 22277514 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.51.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is one of the common diseases, suffering 8.4 million patients in Japan. Recently conditions associated with chronic migraine were considered to be worse than episodic migraine in socio-economic status, health-related quality of life, and headache-related burden. Preventing the chronification, and improving treatment and management, the natural disease course could give us some clues. Several reports suggested that a population prevalence of chronic migraine is about 2% and approximately 2.5% of patients with episodic migraine develop new-onset chronic migraine each year. The risk factors for converting episodic to chronic migraine were demonstrated as follows: age, low education/socioeconomic status, head injury, attack frequency, obesity, medication overuse, stressful life events, caffeine overuse, snoring, other pain syndromes, allodynia, proinflammatory states, prothrombotic states, and specific genes. It was also focused in comobidity with chronic migraine, such as depression, anxiety, chronic pain, asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, and so on. The ratio converting in reverse was reported as a fourth in two years. We should recognize the burden of migraine patients, and improve patients' outcome under reducing risk factors and assessing the effect of treatment on headache progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Kowa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
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Özge A, Şaşmaz T, Buğdaycı R, Çakmak SE, Kurt AÖ, Kaleağası SH, Siva A. The prevalence of chronic and episodic migraine in children and adolescents. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20:95-101. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Özge
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine; İstanbul Turkey
| | - T. Şaşmaz
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine; İstanbul Turkey
| | - R. Buğdaycı
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine; İstanbul Turkey
| | - S. E. Çakmak
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine; İstanbul Turkey
| | - A. Ö. Kurt
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine; İstanbul Turkey
| | - S. H. Kaleağası
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine; İstanbul Turkey
| | - A. Siva
- Mersin University School of Medicine; Mersin Turkey
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Riva D, Usilla A, Aggio F, Vago C, Treccani C, Bulgheroni S. Attention in children and adolescents with headache. Headache 2011; 52:374-84. [PMID: 22085321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The previous studies reporting consistent visual reaction times slowing in patients with migraine prompted us to verify if headache could be associated to a broader impairment of attention. This study aims to undertake a thorough investigation of attentional performance by extending the evaluation to children with primary headache of different types. METHODS We compared 62 children with headache (14 migraineurs with aura, 29 without aura and 19 with tension type headache) and 52 controls without headache, matched for age, sex, and intelligence using Conners' Continuous Performance Test. RESULTS The 3 clinical groups did not differ in attentional measures. The headache patients, collapsed in 1 single sample, had mean scores in Hit Reaction Time significantly different from those of controls and also had a higher percentage of atypical scores in 2 indices of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (faster mean reaction time and more commissions). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the presence of an association between attentional problems and headache that may impact academic learning and daily activities on the long term. The finding that the 3 clinical groups did not show significant differences in attentional performance supports the hypothesis that migraine and tension headache form a continuum that may share the same pathophysiological mechanisms. These results are discussed considering that neurotransmitters and the cerebral circuits subserving headache, personality profile, and attention could overlap, thus predisposing these children to even mild attention malfunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Riva
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
Tension type headache (TTH) is a primary headache disorder considered common in children and adolescents. It remains debatable whether TTH and migraine are separate biological entities. This review summarizes the most recent literature of TTH with regards to children and adolescents. Further studies of TTH are needed to develop a biologically based classification system that may be facilitated through understanding changes in the developing brain during childhood and adolescence.
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