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Rai MF, Cai L, Chinzei N, Schmidt EJ, Yousuf O, Guilak F, Brophy RH. Distinct patterns of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in synovial fluid after ACL injury in comparison to osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1448-1462. [PMID: 38294185 PMCID: PMC11161321 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed knee synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and in osteoarthritis (OA) to test the hypotheses that concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors differ (a) by diagnosis and (b) after ACL tear by time from injury and presence/absence of concomitant meniscus tear. Synovial fluid samples were collected from two groups, ACL tears (with or without meniscus tear) (N = 13) and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 and 4 OA (N = 16), undergoing clinically indicated aspiration of the knee joint. Multiple cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were assessed using a multiplexed 45-protein panel. Comparisons were made for the concentrations of all molecules between ACL tear and OA patients, isolated versus combined ACL and meniscus tears, and categorized by time from injury: acute or early subacute (<15 days, N = 8) versus late subacute or chronic (>15 days and <3 months, N = 5). ACL tear patients have higher levels of six molecules (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, PlGF-1, bNGF, TNF-α) in knee synovial fluid compared to OA patients. Isolated ACL tears express higher levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ and lower levels of IL-7 than ACL tears with a concomitant meniscus tear. SDF-1α, PlGF-1, IL-1RA, HGF, bNGF, and BDNF levels are elevated immediately after injury and drop off significantly in the late subacute phase (after 15 days). Synovial fluid from knees with ACL tears have elevated metabolic activity compared to knees with OA. The cytokine profiles after ACL tears are influenced by the time from injury and the presence of meniscus tears. These findings offer valuable insights into the levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the knee after ACL injury, information which may have important implications for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this common pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University of Science and Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Nobuaki Chinzei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Eric J. Schmidt
- College of Medical Science, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA 24501, United States
| | - Omer Yousuf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110 United States
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Tseng TH, Chen CL, Chang CH, Wang JH, Young TH. IL-6 induces periostin production in human ACL remnants: a possible mechanism causing post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:824. [PMID: 37919719 PMCID: PMC10621128 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perostin (POSTN) and IL-6 consistently elevated after ACL injury, and ACL has been proposed as the major source of POSTN. However, there is a lack of evidence whether IL-6 induces ACL remnants to produce POSTN. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-6 on POSTN production in ACL fibroblasts, which may help us understand more about the mechanism of PTOA after ACL injury and ACL reconstruction. METHODS ACL remnants were harvested from 27 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to examine the POSTN gene expression of ACL fibroblasts after treatment of different concentrations of IL-6. The POSTN protein production of ACL fibroblasts was determined using western blot analysis. The blockers of possible signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Ras/MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways, were added to test whether the effect of IL-6 on ACL fibroblast could be attenuated. ACL fibroblast and chondrocyte co-culture was carried out to determine the influence of ACL and IL-6 on chondrocytes. RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR showed that IL-6 time-dependently and dose-dependently increased POSTN gene expression of ACL fibroblast. Western blot analysis also revealed that IL-6 dose-dependently induced POSTN protein production. Regarding the chronicity of ACL injury, the POSTN protein production was comparable between ACL remnants which were derived within 3 months of injury and at least 6 months after injury. PI3K/Akt blockers could attenuate the effect of IL-6 on ACL remnants, whereas Ras/MAPK and JAK/STAT did not decrease POSTN production. The coexistence of ACL and IL-6 induced more MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 by chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 induced ACL remnants to produce POSTN. This effect could be attenuated by the PI3K/Akt blocker. Coexistence of IL-6 and ACL remnants may accelerate post-traumatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan.
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Rai MF, Cai L, Zhang Q, Townsend RR, Brophy RH. Synovial Fluid Proteomics From Serial Aspirations of ACL-Injured Knees Identifies Candidate Biomarkers. Am J Sports Med 2023:3635465231169526. [PMID: 37191559 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231169526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears often result in knee effusion and an increased risk for developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the long run. The molecular profile of these effusions could be informative regarding initial steps in the development of posttraumatic OA after an ACL tear. HYPOTHESIS The proteomics of knee synovial fluid changes over time after ACL injury. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Synovial fluid was collected from patients with an acute traumatic ACL tear presenting to the office for evaluation (18.31 ± 19.07 days from injury) (aspiration 1) and again at the time of surgery (35.41 ± 58.15 days after aspiration 1 (aspiration 2). High-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to assess the quantitative protein profile of synovial fluid, and differences in protein profile between the 2 aspirations were determined computationally. RESULTS A total of 58 synovial fluid samples collected from 29 patients (12 male, 17 female; 12 isolated ACL tear, 17 combined ACL and meniscal tear) with a mean age and body mass index of 27.01 ± 12.78 years and 26.30 ± 4.93, respectively, underwent unbiased proteomics analysis. The levels of 130 proteins in the synovial fluid changed over time (87 high, 43 low). Proteins of interest that were significantly higher in aspiration 2 included CRIP1, S100A11, PLS3, POSTN, and VIM, which represent catabolic/inflammatory activities in the joint. Proteins with a known role in chondroprotection and joint homeostasis such as CHI3L2 (YKL-39), TNFAIP6/TSG6, DEFA1, SPP1, and CILP were lower in aspiration 2. CONCLUSION Synovial fluid from knees with ACL tears exhibits an increased burden of inflammatory (catabolic) proteins relevant to OA with reduced levels of chondroprotective (anabolic) proteins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study identified a set of novel proteins that provide new biological insights into the aftermath of ACL tears. Elevated inflammation and decreased chondroprotection could represent initial disruption of homeostasis, potentially initiating the development of OA. Longitudinal follow-up and mechanistic studies are necessary to assess the functional role of these proteins in the joint. Ultimately, these investigations could lead to better approaches to predict and possibly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R Reid Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Aleem AW, Rai MF, Cai L, Brophy RH. Gene Expression in Glenoid Articular Cartilage Varies Across Acute Instability, Chronic Instability, and Osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023:00004623-990000000-00776. [PMID: 37011069 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder instability is a common pathology associated with an elevated risk of osteoarthritis (OA). Little is known about gene expression in the cartilage of the glenohumeral joint after dislocation events, particularly as it relates to the risk of posttraumatic OA. This study tested the hypothesis that gene expression in glenoid cartilage varies among acute instability (<3 dislocations), chronic instability (≥3 dislocations), and OA. METHODS Articular cartilage was collected from the anteroinferior glenoid of consenting patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery (n = 17) or total shoulder arthroplasty (n = 16). Digital quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the relative expression of 57 genes (36 genes from OA risk allele studies, 21 genes from differential expression studies), comparing (1) OA versus instability (acute and chronic combined), (2) acute versus chronic instability, (3) OA versus acute instability, and (4) OA versus chronic instability. RESULTS The expression of 11 genes from OA risk allele studies and 9 genes from differential expression studies was significantly different between cartilage from patients with instability and those with OA. Pro-inflammatory genes from differential expression studies and genes from OA risk allele studies were more highly expressed in cartilage in the OA group compared with the instability group, which expressed higher levels of extracellular matrix and pro-anabolic genes. The expression of 14 genes from OA risk allele studies and 4 genes from differential expression studies, including pro-inflammatory genes, anti-anabolic genes, and multiple genes from OA risk allele studies, was higher in the acute instability group compared with the chronic instability group. Cartilage in the OA group displayed higher expression of CCL3, CHST11, GPR22, PRKAR2B, and PTGS2 than cartilage in the group with acute or chronic instability. Whereas cartilage in both the acute and chronic instability groups had higher expression of collagen genes, cartilage in the OA group had expression of a subset of genes from OA risk allele studies or from differential expression studies that was lower than in the acute group and higher than in the chronic group. CONCLUSIONS Glenoid cartilage has an inflammatory and catabolic phenotype in shoulders with OA but an anabolic phenotype in shoulders with instability. Cartilage from shoulders with acute instability displayed greater (cellular) metabolic activity compared with shoulders with chronic instability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This exploratory study identified genes of interest, such as CCL3, CHST11, GPR22, PRKAR2B, and PTGS2, that have elevated expression in osteoarthritic glenoid cartilage. These findings provide new biological insight into the relationship between shoulder instability and OA, which could lead to strategies to predict and potentially modify patients' risk of degenerative arthritis due to shoulder instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Aleem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Rai MF, Cai L, Tycksen ED, Keener J, Chamberlain A. RNA-Seq reveals distinct transcriptomic differences in rotator cuff tendon based on tear etiology and patient sex. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2728-2742. [PMID: 35174534 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tears are a common pathology in the shoulder and generally have two underlying etiologies: traumatic and degenerative. Little is known about the molecular underpinning of these etiologies. Here we queried transcript level differences in tear etiology stratified by sex in 31 patients with rotator cuff tears. Tendon tissues were isolated from females (N = 16) and males (N = 15) with traumatic (N = 16) or degenerative (N = 15) tears during arthroscopy. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified by RNA-seq and biological processes were probed computationally. Expression of some transcripts was validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We identified 339 and 336 transcripts differentially expressed by tear etiology in females and males, respectively, at a fold-change greater than |2|. In females, GSTM1, MT1G, S1008A, ACSM3, DSC, FAM110C, and VNN2 were elevated in traumatic tears representing metabolic/catabolic processes, and immune response whereas CHAD, CLEC3A, IBSP, TNMD, APLNR, and CPA3 were elevated in degenerative tears representing tissue morphogenesis and developmental processes, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix organization. In males, ELOA3B, CXCL8, ADM, TNS4, and SPOCK1 were elevated in traumatic tears representing localization of endoplasmic reticulum, chromosome organization, leukocyte/neutrophil degranulation, and protein transport whereas MYL2, TNNC1, MB, CPA3, APLNR, and CA3 were highly upregulated in degenerative tears representing muscle cell differentiation and development and angiogenesis. Numerous novel lncRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed by tear etiology in both sexes. Real-time qPCR confirmed RNA-seq data. This study improves our understanding of tendon biology based on underlying etiology (trauma or degeneration) in a sex-specific manner. These findings may help drive clinical decision-making in females and males with traumatic and degenerative shoulder injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric D Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, McDonell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jay Keener
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron Chamberlain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Pascual-Garrido C, Kamenaga T, Brophy RH, Shen J, O'Keefe RJ, Clohisy JC. Otto Aufranc Award: Identification of Key Molecular Players in the Progression of Hip Osteoarthritis Through Transcriptomes and Epigenetics. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:S391-S399. [PMID: 35288246 PMCID: PMC9208365 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed: (1) to compare the transcriptome profile of articular cartilage in cam-FAI (early stage) to advanced OA secondary to cam-FAI (late stage) and (2) to investigate epigenetic changes through the expression of DNA methylation enzymes DNMT3B, DNMT1, and DNMT3A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in human cartilage samples during the progression of hip OA. METHODS Full-thickness cartilage samples were collected from the anterolateral head-neck junction (impingement zone) of 22 patients (9 early-FAI and 13 late-FAI). RNA sequencing and in vitro cartilage cultures with histological analysis and immunohistochemistry staining for PPARγ and DNMT3B were performed. Target gene validation was confirmed with RT-PCR. RESULTS Fifty genes and 42 pathways were identified differentially between early and late-FAI (fold change <-1.5 or >1.5, P < .01). PPARγ and DNMT3B were gradually suppressed with disease progression. Contrarily, disease progression induced expression of DNMT1/3A. CONCLUSION By comparing comprehensive gene expression in early and late stage hip degeneration at the whole-genome level, distinct transcriptome profiles for early and late stage disease were identified along with key molecular contributors to the progression of hip OA. Preservation of endogenous PPARγ may have therapeutic potential to delay or prevent hip OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pascual-Garrido
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tomoyuki Kamenaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John C Clohisy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Vincent TL, Alliston T, Kapoor M, Loeser RF, Troeberg L, Little CB. Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology: Therapeutic Target Discovery may Require a Multifaceted Approach. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38:193-219. [PMID: 35410676 PMCID: PMC9107912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) has greatly increased through careful analysis of tissue samples, preclinical models, and large-scale agnostic "-omic" studies. There is broad acceptance that systemic and biomechanical signals affect multiple tissues of the joint, each of which could potentially be targeted to improve patient outcomes. In this review six experts in different aspects of OA pathogenesis provide their independent view on what they believe to be good tractable approaches to OA target discovery. We conclude that molecular discovery has been high but future transformative studies require a multidisciplinary holistic approach to develop therapeutic strategies with high clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Surgery and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda Troeberg
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
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Chen RE, Calfee RP, Stepan JG, Osei DA. Outcomes of Acute Versus Subacute Scapholunate Ligament Repair. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY GLOBAL ONLINE 2022; 4:103-110. [PMID: 35434576 PMCID: PMC9005375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the long-term outcomes of direct scapholunate ligament (SLL) repairs with or without dorsal capsulodesis performed within 6 weeks (acute repair) of a SLL tear versus 6 to 12 weeks following injury (subacute repair). Methods A review of medical records from April 1996 to April 2012 identified 24 patients who underwent SLL repair (12 acute, 12 subacute). Patients returned to the clinic for radiographic examinations of the injured wrist, standardized physical examinations, and validated questionnaires. Results The mean follow-up times for the acute and subacute groups were 7.2 and 6.2 years, respectively. At the final examination, patients with acute surgery regained more wrist extension (acute = 55°, subacute = 47°). The total wrist flexion-extension arcs, grip strengths, pinch strengths, and patient-rated outcome scores were found to be similar between groups. The final scapholunate gap, scapholunate angle, and the prevalence of arthritis were also found to be similar between the acute and subacute groups. Conclusions Although SLL repair is more commonly recommended for treatment of acute SLL injuries, there were no significant long-term differences between acute and subacute SLL surgeries (repair ± capsulodesis). Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E. Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Ryan P. Calfee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeffrey G. Stepan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel A. Osei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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Civilette MD, Rate WR, Haislup BD, Cohen AS, Camire L, Bodendorfer BM, Gould HP. The top 100 most impactful articles on the anterior cruciate ligament: An altmetric analysis of online media. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221111694. [PMID: 35924141 PMCID: PMC9340895 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify the top 100 most impactful anterior cruciate ligament articles in online media as measured by the Altmetric Attention Score and compare their characteristics to the most-cited anterior cruciate ligament articles in the scientific literature. Methods: The Altmetric database was queried to identify all published articles pertaining to the anterior cruciate ligament. The search yielded 9445 articles, which were stratified by highest to lowest Altmetric Attention Score. The top 100 articles were included. Collected data included article type, article topic, journal name, and online mentions in news, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, Wikipedia, and other sources. The geographic origin of each article was also determined based on the institutional affiliation of the first author. Results: Altmetric Attention Score of the top 100 anterior cruciate ligament articles ranged from 109 to 2193 (median 172.0, interquartile range 137.5–271.5). Of the 100 articles, 65 were published in three journals: American Journal of Sports Medicine, British Journal of Sports Medicine, and Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. The most prevalent article type was original research (60%), followed by systematic review/meta-analysis (18%). The most prevalent article topic was rehabilitation and return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (22%), followed by epidemiology/risk factors (16%), injury prevention (14%), and biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament injuries (14%). Of the top 100 articles, 54% were American, 31% were European, and 15% were published in other countries outside of the United States and Europe. Conclusion: This study used Altmetric Attention Score to identify the 100 most engaged anterior cruciate ligament articles in online media. The characteristics of these articles differed substantially from the most-cited anterior cruciate ligament articles in the literature with regard to article type, article topic, geographic origin, and publication journal. These findings suggest that alternative metrics measure distinct components of anterior cruciate ligament article engagement and add an important dimension to understanding the overall impact of published research on the anterior cruciate ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Civilette
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William R Rate
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brett D Haislup
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lyn Camire
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Blake M Bodendorfer
- Division of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heath P Gould
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Back to basics: Transcriptomics studies for deep phenotyping of osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2021; 3:100166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Griswold AJ, Correa D, Kaplan LD, Best TM. Using Genomic Techniques in Sports and Exercise Science: Current Status and Future Opportunities. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 20:617-623. [PMID: 34752437 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The past two decades have built on the successes of the Human Genome Project identifying the impact of genetics and genomics on human traits. Given the importance of exercise in the physical and psychological health of individuals across the lifespan, using genomics to understand the impact of genes in the sports medicine field is an emerging field. Given the complexity of the systems involved, high-throughput genomics is required to understand genetic variants, their functions, and ultimately their effect on the body. Consequently, genomic studies have been performed across several domains of sports medicine with varying degrees of success. While the breadth of these is great, they focus largely on the following three areas: 1) performance; 2) injury susceptibility; and 3) sports associated chronic conditions, such as osteoarthritis. Herein, we review literature on genetics and genomics in sports medicine, offer suggestions to bolster existing studies, and suggest ways to ideally impact clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Wei Y, Yun X, Liu Y, Wei M. [Effectiveness of partial anterior cruciate ligament suture repair with wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:337-342. [PMID: 33719243 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202008127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) suture repair with wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) technique. Methods Between July 2017 and July 2019, 18 patients with partial ACL injury were admitted. There were 10 males and 8 females, with an average age of 40.5 years (range, 22-57 years). There were 5 cases on the left knee and 13 cases on the right knee. Forteen cases had a clear history of trauma or sports injury, and 4 cases had no obvious cause. The time from injury to operation was 1-6 months (median, 3 months). Partial ligament was sutured using WALANT technique under arthroscopy. The operation time, total hospital stay, and postoperative hospital stay were recorded. Lachman test and anterior drawer test were performed to evaluate the knee joint stability after treatment, and Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used to evaluate the knee function. Five-point Likert scaling were used to evaluate postoperative patient satisfaction. Results The operation time was 30-100 minutes (mean, 64.2 minutes). The total hospital stay was 2-12 days (mean, 4.5 days). Postoperative hospital stay was 1-4 days (mean, 1.8 days). All incisions healed by first intention after operation, and no surgery-related complications occurred. All patients were followed up 12-36 months (mean, 19.1 months). Lachman test and anterior drawer test were negative after operation. Lysholm score and IKDC score at 6 and 12 months after operation were significantly higher than those before operation, and at 12 months after operation were higher than those at 6 months after operation, the differences were significant ( P<0.05). At last follow-up, according to five-point Likert scaling of patient satisfaction, 7 cases were very satisfied, 10 cases were relatively satisfied, and 1 case was general. The total patient satisfaction rate was 94.4% (17/18). MRI scan showed the good ligament tension. Conclusion Using WALANT technique to repair partial ACL injuries under arthroscopy can retain the patient's own ligament tissue to the maximum extent and achieve satisfactory short-term effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
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13
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Rai MF, Brophy RH, Rosen V. Molecular biology of meniscus pathology: Lessons learned from translational studies and mouse models. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1895-1904. [PMID: 32068295 PMCID: PMC7802285 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Injury to any individual structure in the knee interrupts the overall function of the joint and initiates a cascade of biological and biomechanical changes whose endpoint is often osteoarthritis (OA). The knee meniscus is an integral component of knee biomechanics and may also contribute to the biological homeostasis of the joint. Meniscus injury altering knee function is associated with a high risk of OA progression, and may also be involved in the initiation of OA. As the relationship between meniscus injury and OA is very complex; despite the availability of transcript level data on human meniscus injury and meniscus mediated OA, mechanistic studies are lacking, and available human data are difficult to validate in the absence of patient-matched noninjured control tissues. As similarities exist between human and mouse knee joint structure and function, investigators have begun to use cutting-edge genetic and genomic tools to examine the usefulness of the mouse as a model to study the intricate relationship between meniscus injury and OA. In this review, we use evidence from human meniscus research to identify critical barriers hampering our understanding of meniscus injury induced OA and discuss strategies to overcome these barriers, including those that can be examined in a mouse model of injury-mediated OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
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14
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Shukla M, Gupta R, Pandey V, Tiwari PK, Amrathlal RS. COLIA1 + 1245 G > T Sp1 Binding Site Polymorphism is Not Associated with ACL Injury Risks Among Indian Athletes. Indian J Orthop 2020; 54:647-654. [PMID: 32850029 PMCID: PMC7429625 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type I collagen polypeptides contribute significantly to the structural composition of ligament tissue matrix. Since anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears account for roughly 50% of all knee injuries in sports, the objective of the study was to investigate association of Sp1-transcription factor binding site polymorphism COLIA1 Sp1 + 1245 G > T with ACL injury risk among Indian athletes. METHODS A total of 166 athletes (90 with ACL tears and 76 as control) were recruited and were genotyped for COLIA1 Sp1 + 1245 G > T polymorphism using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) method. RESULT Both the groups were matched for nature of sports, training regimen, and other demographic characteristics. We observed no significant difference between ACL cases and control group in GT or TT genotype frequency distribution (p = 0.967) and T-allele frequency distribution (p = 0.861) for COLIA1 Sp1 + 1245 G > T polymorphism. Also, the three models of inheritance of minor allele failed to show any statistical significance in the present study. CONCLUSION COLIA1 Sp1 + 1245 G > T polymorphism has been studied in relation to many connective tissue pathologies. This is probably the first study to investigate the association of collagen protein genes with ACL injury risk on Indian athletes. Further studies with more SNPs in genes encoding fibril-forming collagen and large sample sizes are necessary to fully understand the genetic link to ACL injuries among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Shukla
- Department of Exercise Physiology, LNIPE, Gwalior, 474002 India
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Department of Exercise Physiology, LNIPE, Gwalior, 474002 India
| | - Pramod Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 India
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15
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Brophy RH, Schmidt EJ, Cai L, Rai MF. Duration of symptoms prior to partial meniscectomy is not associated with the expression of osteoarthritis genes in the injured meniscus. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1268-1278. [PMID: 31876303 PMCID: PMC7225063 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
While there is emerging data on how duration of symptoms prior to surgery relates to outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, little is known about how duration of symptoms relates to the biology of the knee in these patients. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that duration of symptoms prior to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is associated with expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-related genes in the meniscus. We collected resected meniscus from patients (N = 76) undergoing clinically indicated arthroscopic partial meniscectomy from knees without advanced degenerative changes. RNA from 64 patients was analyzed for 28 candidate OA transcripts by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was also probed for identification of novel genes by RNA microarray in 12 patients followed by validation of selected candidates by real-time PCR. The association of gene expression with duration of symptoms prior to surgery was tested. Additional screening was performed with known OA genetic risk alleles assembled from published literature and with gene transcripts differentially expressed between non-OA and OA cartilage and menisci. Our data revealed that duration of symptoms did not predict expression of OA genes in the meniscus, other than limited association with CXCL3, BMP2, and HLA-DQA1. Microarray identified new genes and pathways with unknown role(s) in meniscus injury and OA and validation of a subset of genes by real-time PCR showed expression pattern highly concordant with the microarray data. While duration of symptoms prior to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy does not significantly alter the expression of OA related genes, the association with novel genes and pathways deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric J. Schmidt
- School of Physician Assistant Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, VA, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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16
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Han T, Mignatti P, Abramson SB, Attur M. Periostin interaction with discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) promotes cartilage degeneration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231501. [PMID: 32330138 PMCID: PMC7182230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage accompanied by the new bone formation and, often, a synovial proliferation that culminates in pain, loss of joint function, and disability. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of OA progression and the relative contributions of cartilage, bone, and synovium remain unclear. We recently found that the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein periostin (Postn, or osteoblast-specific factor, OSF-2) is expressed at high levels in human OA cartilage. Multiple groups have also reported elevated expression of Postn in several rodent models of OA. We have previously reported that in vitro Postn promotes collagen and proteoglycan degradation in human chondrocytes through AKT/β-catenin signaling and downstream activation of MMP-13 and ADAMTS4 expression. Here we show that Postn induces collagen and proteoglycan degradation in cartilage by signaling through discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase. The genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of DDR1 in mouse chondrocytes blocks Postn-induced MMP-13 expression. These data show that Postn is signaling though DDR1 is mechanistically involved in OA pathophysiology. Specific inhibitors of DDR1 may provide therapeutic opportunities to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Paolo Mignatti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Steven B. Abramson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
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17
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Brophy RH, Cai L, Duan X, Zhang Q, Townsend RR, Nunley R, Guilak F, Rai MF. Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid identifies periostin as a biomarker for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1778-1789. [PMID: 31430535 PMCID: PMC6875635 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) typically initiates biological changes that contribute to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The molecular biomarkers or mediators of these biological events remain unknown. The goal of this exploratory study was to identify novel synovial fluid biomarkers associated with early biological changes following ACL injury distinct from findings in end-stage OA. METHODS Synovial fluid was aspirated from patients with acute (≤30 days) and subacute (31-90 days) ACL tears and from patients with advanced OA and probed via tandem mass spectrometry for biomarkers to distinguish OA from ACL injury. Periostin (POSTN) was identified as a potential candidate. Further analyses of POSTN were performed in synovial fluid, OA cartilage, torn ACL remnants, and cultured cells and media by Western blot, PCR, immunostaining and ELISA. RESULTS Synovial fluid analysis revealed that POSTN exhibited higher expression in subacute ACL injury than OA. POSTN expression was relatively low in cartilage/chondrocytes suggesting it is also produced by other intra-articular tissues. Conversely, high and time-dependent expression of POSTN in ACL tear remnants and isolated cells was consistent with the synovial fluid results. CONCLUSIONS Elevated POSTN may provide a synovial fluid biomarker of subacute ACL injury setting separate from OA. Increased expression of POSTN in ACL suggests that the injured ACL may play a pivotal role in POSTN production, which is sensitive to time from injury. Previous studies have shown potential catabolic effects of POSTN, raising the possibility that POSTN contributes to the initiation of joint degeneration and may offer a window of opportunity to intervene in the early stages of post-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R. Reid Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Nunley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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18
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Jiang X, Wu M, Xu X, Zhang L, Huang Y, Xu Z, He K, Wang H, Wang H, Teng L. COL12A1, a novel potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3103-3112. [PMID: 31432110 PMCID: PMC6755194 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of collagen type XII α1 chain (COL12A1) has been found in several cancer types and could be involved in tumor progression. However, its clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC) remains under exploration. Online databases (Gene Expression Omnibus and UALCAN), reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized in the present study to evaluate the expression of COL12A1 in GC tissues and cell lines. It was found that COL12A1 expression was notably upregulated in GC. Clinicopathological analysis showed that elevated COL12A1 expression was positively correlated with tumor invasiveness, metastasis and advanced clinical stage. The prognostic analysis suggested that high COL12A1 expression contributed to poor overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that COL12A1 overexpression was a powerful independent prognostic indicator in patients with GC (hazard ratio, 1.896; 95% CI, 1.267–2.837; P=0.002). The results highlighted the importance of COL12A1 in GC and suggested its potential role as a candidate for clinical outcome prediction and targeted therapy in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jiang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Kuifeng He
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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19
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Haviv B, Kittani M, Yaari L, Rath E, Heller S, Shemesh S, Yassin M. The detached stump of the torn anterior cruciate ligament adheres to the femoral notch wall and then to the posterior cruciate ligament within 6 months from injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:2653-2658. [PMID: 30430220 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-5293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the progressive changes in the morphology of traumatic ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) over time. A secondary objective was evaluating their correlation with meniscal tears or chondral lesions. METHODS The study included one hundred and one patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery of the knee after a definite date of injury. The torn ACL remnant morphological pattern was assessed and classified during arthroscopy. A correlation analysis was performed between the pathological features of the remnant and the time length from injury. In addition, correlation between ACL remnant subtypes and meniscal tears or chondral lesions was evaluated. RESULTS At surgery there were four distinct ACL tear morphological patterns that were correlated to the time span from injury (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) and ended with scarring of the femoral remnant to the posterior cruciate ligament. The early pattern was noticed within median time of 2.6 months from injury and appeared as a separate stump with no scar tissue. The following two patterns appeared within 6 months from injury and were characterized by adhesion of scar tissue to different locations in the femoral notch. The last morphological pattern appeared as adherence of the ACL stump to the posterior cruciate ligament. This pattern was seen in some patients within 6 months from injury but was the dominant pattern later on and was also correlated with meniscal tears. CONCLUSIONS During the first 3 months from injury the gross morphological features of the torn ACL remnant showed no scar. This phase was followed by scarring of the femoral remnant at first to the femoral notch, and eventually to the posterior cruciate ligament within 6 months from injury and later on. Therefore, further research on the healing potential of the human ACL stump and its biological environment should be focused on the first 3 months from injury. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Haviv
- Arthroscopy and Sports Injuries Unit, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, 7 Keren Kayemet St, 49372, Petah-Tikva, Israel. .,Orthopedic Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Orthopedic Department, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
| | - Mohamed Kittani
- Arthroscopy and Sports Injuries Unit, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, 7 Keren Kayemet St, 49372, Petah-Tikva, Israel.,Orthopedic Department, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Lee Yaari
- Arthroscopy and Sports Injuries Unit, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, 7 Keren Kayemet St, 49372, Petah-Tikva, Israel.,Orthopedic Department, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rath
- Orthopedic Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Orthopedic Devision, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Snir Heller
- Orthopedic Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Orthopedic Department, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Shai Shemesh
- Orthopedic Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mustafa Yassin
- Orthopedic Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Orthopedic Department, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
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20
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Cai L, Brophy RH, Tycksen ED, Duan X, Nunley RM, Rai MF. Distinct expression pattern of periostin splice variants in chondrocytes and ligament progenitor cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:8386-8405. [PMID: 30991832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802281r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN), a secretory matricellular matrix protein, plays a multitude of biologic functions. Various splice variants of POSTN have been described; however, their expression pattern and functional implications are not completely understood. This study was undertaken to decipher the differential expression pattern of POSTN and its splice variants in various tissues and cell types. We show that POSTN was more highly expressed in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remnants compared with articular cartilage at the cellular and tissue level. Isoforms 1 and 8 were highly expressed only in articular chondrocytes, suggesting their splice-specific regulation in chondrocytes. To discern the role of total POSTN and full-length human POSTN isoform 1 (hPOSTN-001), we stably transfected human chondrosarcoma 1 (hCh-1) cell line with hPOSTN-001 using a pcDNA3.1-hPOSTN-001 construct. RNA-sequencing analysis of hCh-1 cells identified differentially expressed genes with a known role in chondrocyte function and osteoarthritis. Similar expression of a subset of candidate genes was revealed in ACL progenitor cells and chondrocytes as well as in ACL progenitor cells in which POSTN activity was altered by overexpression and by small interfering RNA gene knockdown. Cells expressing total POSTN, not isoform 1, exhibited increased cell adhesion potential. These findings suggest an important role for POSTN in the knee.-Cai, L., Brophy, R. H., Tycksen, E. D., Duan, X., Nunley, R. M., Rai, M. F. Distinct expression pattern of periostin splice variants in chondrocytes and ligament progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric D Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan M Nunley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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21
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Brophy RH, Rothermich MA, Tycksen ED, Cai L, Rai MF. Presence of meniscus tear alters gene expression profile of anterior cruciate ligament tears. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2612-2621. [PMID: 29668032 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears occur in isolation or in tandem with other intra-articular injuries such as meniscus tears. The impact of injury pattern on the molecular biology of the injured ACL is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the biological response of the ACL to injury varies based on the presence or absence of concomitant meniscus tear. We performed RNA-seq on 28 ACL tears remnants (12 isolated, 16 combined). In total, 16,654 transcripts were differentially expressed between isolated and combined injury groups at false discovery rate of 0.05. Due to the large number of differentially expressed transcripts, we undertook an Ensembl approach to discover features that acted as hub genes that did not necessarily have large fold changes or high statistical significance, but instead had high biological significance. Our data revealed a negatively correlated module containing 5,960 transcripts (down-regulated in combined injury) and a positively correlated module containing 2,260 transcripts (up-regulated in combined injury). TNS1, MEF2D, NOTCH3, SOGA1, and MLXIP were highly-connected hub genes in the negatively correlated module and SCN2A, CSMD3, LRC44, USH2A, and LRP1B were critical hub genes in the positively correlated module. Transcripts in the negatively correlated module were associated with biological adhesion, actin-filament organization, cell junction assembly, and cell matrix adhesion. The positively correlated module transcripts were enriched for neuron migration and exocytosis regulation. These findings indicate genes and pathways reflective of healing deficiency and gain of neurogenic signaling in combined ACL and meniscus tears, suggesting their diminished repair potential. The biological response of ACL to injury could have implications for healing potential of the ligament and the long term health of the knee. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2612-2621, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Marcus A Rothermich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Eric D Tycksen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Genome Technology Access Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
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22
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Novaretti JV, Astur DC, Casadio D, Nicolini AP, de Castro Pochini A, Andreoli CV, Ejnisman B, Cohen M. Higher Gene Expression of Healing Factors in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:1583-1591. [PMID: 29565632 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518760577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with remnant preservation has been described and related to potential advantages. Literature is lacking regarding gene expression of potential factors related to ligament healing in the ACL remnant and its relation to time from injury. HYPOTHESIS The mRNA expression of ligament healing factors in the ACL remnant would be higher in acute tears (<3 months from injury) than in intermediate (3-12 months) and chronic (>12 months) injuries. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Gene expression of 21 genes related to ligament healing factors was analyzed in 46 ACL remnants biopsied during surgical reconstruction with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Specimens were divided into 3 groups according to time from injury: acute (<3 months from injury; n = 19), intermediate (3-12 months; n = 12), and chronic (>12 months; n = 15). Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed by analysis of hematoxylin and eosin, CD-34, and S-100 staining. RESULTS Expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL12A1, LOX, PLOD1, and TNC genes in ACL remnant was greater in acute compared with chronic injuries. COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, and TNC genes were also expressed more in the acute group compared with the intermediate group. Furthermore, expression of the genes COL1A1 and COL5A2 was significantly higher in female than in male patients. No difference in the number of blood vessels and mechanoreceptors among groups was observed in the microscopic evaluation. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL12A1, LOX, PLOD1, and TNC genes in ACL remnant is greater in acute (<3 months from injury) compared with chronic (>12 months) injuries. Furthermore, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, and TNC genes were expressed more in the acute group compared with the intermediate group (3-12 months from injury). CLINICAL RELEVANCE ACL reconstructions with remnant preservation should be performed in patients with acute injuries, as in these cases the ACL remnant may present the greatest healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Novaretti
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Costa Astur
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Casadio
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pedro Nicolini
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Castro Pochini
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vicente Andreoli
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benno Ejnisman
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moises Cohen
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chinzei N, Brophy RH, Duan X, Cai L, Nunley RM, Sandell LJ, Rai MF. Molecular influence of anterior cruciate ligament tear remnants on chondrocytes: a biologic connection between injury and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:588-599. [PMID: 29391276 PMCID: PMC5871587 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury initiates a cascade of events often leading to osteoarthritis (OA). ACL reconstruction does not alter the course of OA, suggesting that heightened OA risk is likely due to factors in addition to the joint instability. We showed that torn ACL remnants express periostin (POSTN) in the acute phase of injury. Considering that ACL injury predisposes to OA and that POSTN is associated with cartilage metabolism, we hypothesize that ACL injury affects chondrocytes via POSTN. DESIGN Cartilage was obtained from osteoarthritic patients and ACL remnants were collected from patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Crosstalk between ACL remnants and chondrocytes was studied in a transwell co-culture system. Expression of POSTN and other anabolic and catabolic genes was assessed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunostaining for periostin was performed in human and mouse cartilage. The impact of exogenous periostin and siRNA-mediated ablation of periostin on matrix metabolism and cell migration was examined. Furthermore, the effect of anabolic (transforming growth factor beta 1 [TGF-β1]) and catabolic (interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β]) factors on POSTN expression was investigated. RESULTS ACL remnants induced expression of POSTN, MMP13 and ADAMTS4. Periostin levels were significantly higher in osteoarthritic compared to normal cartilage. Exogenous periostin induced MMP13 expression and cell migration, and repressed COL1A1 expression while POSTN knockdown inhibited expression of both anabolic and catabolic genes and impeded cell migration. TGF-β1 and IL-1β treatment did not alter POSTN expression but influenced chondrocyte metabolism as determined by quantification of anabolic and catabolic genes via real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONS ACL remnants can exert paracrine effects on cartilage, altering cellular homeostasis. Over time, this metabolic imbalance could contribute to OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chinzei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - R H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - X Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - L Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - R M Nunley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - L J Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - M F Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE, Frisbie DD, Little CB, Clegg PD, Peffers MJ, Karsdal MA, Ekman S, Laverty S, Slayden RA, Sandell LJ, Lohmander LS, Kraus VB. Biomarkers for equine joint injury and osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:823-831. [PMID: 28921609 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a symposium aimed at identifying validated biomarkers that can be used to complement clinical observations for diagnosis and prognosis of joint injury leading to equine osteoarthritis (OA). Biomarkers might also predict pre-fracture change that could lead to catastrophic bone failure in equine athletes. The workshop was attended by leading scientists in the fields of equine and human musculoskeletal biomarkers to enable cross-disciplinary exchange and improve knowledge in both. Detailed proceedings with strategic planning was written, added to, edited and referenced to develop this manuscript. The most recent information from work in equine and human osteoarthritic biomarkers was accumulated, including the use of personalized healthcare to stratify OA phenotypes, transcriptome analysis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal injuries in the human knee. The spectrum of "wet" biomarker assays that are antibody based that have achieved usefulness in both humans and horses, imaging biomarkers and the role they can play in equine and human OA was discussed. Prediction of musculoskeletal injury in the horse remains a challenge, and the potential usefulness of spectroscopy, metabolomics, proteomics, and development of biobanks to classify biomarkers in different stages of equine and human OA were reviewed. The participants concluded that new information and studies in equine musculoskeletal biomarkers have potential translational value for humans and vice versa. OA is equally important in humans and horses, and the welfare issues associated with catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in horses add further emphasis to the need for good validated biomarkers in the horse. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:823-831, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Barbara Cox Anthony University Chair in Orthopaedics, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Christopher E Kawcak
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Barbara Cox Anthony University Chair in Orthopaedics, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - David D Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Barbara Cox Anthony University Chair in Orthopaedics, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Labs, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Stina Ekman
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sheila Laverty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Linda J Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - L S Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Brophy RH, Zhang B, Cai L, Wright RW, Sandell LJ, Rai MF. Transcriptome comparison of meniscus from patients with and without osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:422-432. [PMID: 29258882 PMCID: PMC6007850 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of osteoarthritis (OA) on the meniscus by comparing transcripts and biological processes in the meniscus between patients with and without OA. DESIGN RNA microarrays were used to identify transcripts differentially expressed (DE) in meniscus obtained from 12 OA and 12 non-OA patients. The non-OA specimens were obtained at the time of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Real-time PCR was performed on selected transcripts. Biological processes and gene-networking was examined computationally. Transcriptome signatures were mapped with 37 OA-related transcripts to evaluate how meniscus gene expression relates to that of OA cartilage. RESULTS We identified 168 transcripts significantly DE between OA (75 elevated, 93 repressed) and non-OA samples (≥1.5-fold). Among these, CSN1S1, COL10A1, WIF1, and SPARCL1 were the most prominent transcripts elevated in OA meniscus, POSTN and VEGFA were most highly repressed in OA meniscus. Transcripts elevated in OA meniscus represented response to external stimuli, cell migration and cell localization while those repressed in OA meniscus represented histone deacetylase activity (related to epigenetics) and skeletal development. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were DE between the two groups. When segregated by OA-related transcripts, two distinct clustering patterns appeared: OA meniscus appeared to be more inflammatory while non-OA meniscus exhibited a "repair" phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Numerous transcripts with potential relevance to the pathogenesis of OA are DE in OA and non-OA meniscus. These data suggest an involvement of epigenetically regulated histone deacetylation in meniscus tears as well as expression of lncRNAs. Patient clustering based on transcripts related to OA in articular cartilage confirmed distinct phenotypes between injured (non-OA) and OA meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - L Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - R W Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - L J Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering & Applied Science, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - M F Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Rai MF, Tycksen ED, Sandell LJ, Brophy RH. Advantages of RNA-seq compared to RNA microarrays for transcriptome profiling of anterior cruciate ligament tears. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:484-497. [PMID: 28749036 PMCID: PMC5787041 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays and RNA-seq are at the forefront of high throughput transcriptome analyses. Since these methodologies are based on different principles, there are concerns about the concordance of data between the two techniques. The concordance of RNA-seq and microarrays for genome-wide analysis of differential gene expression has not been rigorously assessed in clinically derived ligament tissues. To demonstrate the concordance between RNA-seq and microarrays and to assess potential benefits of RNA-seq over microarrays, we assessed differences in transcript expression in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissues based on time-from-injury. ACL remnants were collected from patients with an ACL tear at the time of ACL reconstruction. RNA prepared from torn ACL remnants was subjected to Agilent microarrays (N = 24) and RNA-seq (N = 8). The correlation of biological replicates in RNA-seq and microarrays data was similar (0.98 vs. 0.97), demonstrating that each platform has high internal reproducibility. Correlations between the RNA-seq data and the individual microarrays were low, but correlations between the RNA-seq values and the geometric mean of the microarrays values were moderate. The cross-platform concordance for differentially expressed transcripts or enriched pathways was linearly correlated (r = 0.64). RNA-Seq was superior in detecting low abundance transcripts and differentiating biologically critical isoforms. Additional independent validation of transcript expression was undertaken using microfluidic PCR for selected genes. PCR data showed 100% concordance (in expression pattern) with RNA-seq and microarrays data. These findings demonstrate that RNA-seq has advantages over microarrays for transcriptome profiling of ligament tissues when available and affordable. Furthermore, these findings are likely transferable to other musculoskeletal tissues where tissue collection is challenging and cells are in low abundance. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:484-497, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States,Corresponding author: Muhammad Farooq Rai, Ph.D., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, MS 8233, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States, Ph: 314-286-0955; Fax: 314-362-0334;
| | - Eric D. Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Linda J. Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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27
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Astur DC, Novaretti JV, Cohen M. Genetic and molecular factors and anterior cruciate ligament injuries: current concepts. J ISAKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2016-000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Brophy RH, Sandell LJ, Cheverud JM, Rai MF. Gene expression in human meniscal tears has limited association with early degenerative changes in knee articular cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:295-304. [PMID: 27435997 PMCID: PMC5931210 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1211114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/Aim: Meniscus tears are a common injury to the knee associated with the development of osteoarthritis. Gene expression in the injured meniscus may be associated with early degeneration in the articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that gene expression in meniscus tears is associated with early degenerative changes in the articular cartilage at the time of partial meniscectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Torn meniscus was removed at the time of partial meniscectomy in 68 patients without radiographic osteoarthritis. Meniscal mRNA expression was measured by quantitative PCR for multiple molecular markers of osteoarthritis and cartilage homeostasis. The presence of early degenerative changes in the knee was recorded by X-ray (N = 63), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, N = 48), and arthroscopy (N = 63). Gene expression was tested for correlation with the presence/absence of degenerative changes after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS Overall gene expression varied significantly with degenerative changes based on X-ray (P = 0.047) and MRI (P = 0.018). The linear combination of gene variation was also significant. However, only adiponectin (ADIPOQ) (P = 0.015) was expressed at a significantly lower level in patients with chondrosis on MRI, while the expression of ADIPOQ (P = 0.035) and resistin (RETN) (P = 0.017) was higher in patients with early degenerative changes on X-ray. None of the genes varied significantly with presence/absence of chondrosis as measured by arthroscopy. CONCLUSIONS There is an overall association of gene expression in meniscal tears to early degenerative changes in the knee, but only a limited number of specific genes demonstrate this relationship. The roles of adiponectin and resistin in knee injury and osteoarthritis deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,
| | - Linda J. Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
This review describes the normal healing process for bone, ligaments, and tendons, including primary and secondary healing as well as bone-to-bone fusion. It depicts the important mediators and cell types involved in the inflammatory, reparative, and remodeling stages of each healing process. It also describes the main challenges for clinicians when trying to repair bone, ligaments, and tendons with a specific emphasis on Charcot neuropathy, fifth metatarsal fractures, arthrodesis, and tendon sheath and adhesions. Current treatment options and research areas are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cottrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Jessica Cardenas Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Treena Livingston Arinzeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - J Patrick O'Connor
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Medical Sciences Building, Room E-659, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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