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Jordan S, Lodge C, McCarthy-Persson U, French H, Blake C. The epidemiology of hip and groin pain and Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) in male and female Gaelic games players. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309027. [PMID: 39321184 PMCID: PMC11423975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hip and groin pain is common in Gaelic games players, but data are limited to elite males with poor representation of females. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, severity and factors associated with hip and groin pain and Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) in male and female Gaelic games players. METHODS A representative national sample of Gaelic games players completed a survey providing demographic information and details related to self-reported episodes of hip and groin pain and FAIS diagnosis within the last year. Players from multiple age grades, codes (Football/Hurling/Camogie) and levels of Gaelic games were included. RESULTS A total of 775 players responded to the survey. The annual prevalence of hip and groin pain was 54.8%. Almost half of players (48.8%) continued to participate in sport, while 18.7% ceased participation and 32.5% reported reduced participation. Although 40% of episodes lasted no longer than 3 weeks, there was a high recurrence rate (33.5%). FAIS was reported by eight players, representing 1.9% of hip and groin complaints. Logistic regression models indicate male sex, playing both codes of Gaelic games and participating in additional sport were significant factors in predicting hip and groin pain. CONCLUSION Hip and groin pain is prevalent in Gaelic Games with FAIS accounting for a small proportion of cases. However, consideration of indicators of severity (participation impact/symptom duration/medical attention) is essential in understanding the context and magnitude of these hip and groin issues. Male players and players engaging in multiple sports are more likely to experience hip and groin pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Jordan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Clare Lodge
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Ulrik McCarthy-Persson
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen French
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Jaenada-Carrilero E, Baraja-Vegas L, Blanco-Giménez P, Gallego-Estevez R, Bautista IJ, Vicente-Mampel J. Association between Hip/Groin Pain and Hip ROM and Strength in Elite Female Soccer Players. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5648. [PMID: 39337134 PMCID: PMC11433419 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Hip strength and range of motion have been compared in soccer players with and without hip and groin pain but only in male footballers or gender-combined samples. In female soccer players, the biomechanics contributing to this injury remain poorly understood compared to other sporting injuries. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether differences exist in adductor and abductor isometric test values and hip joint range of motion between elite female soccer players with longstanding groin pain and injury-free controls. Methods: Ten female elite soccer players with current longstanding hip and groin pain and twenty-five injury-free controls from the same teams were included in the study. Hip adductor and abductor isometric strength were evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer. A bent knee fall-out test was also utilized to examine the hip joint range of motion. Results: A significant difference in abductor isometric test values was observed between the control group (2.29 ± 0.53 N/Kg) and the hip and groin pain group (2.77 ± 0.48 N/Kg; p = 0.018). Furthermore, the injured group showed a decreased adductor/abductor ratio compared to the control group (1.00 ± 0.33 vs. 1.27 ± 0.26; p = 0.013). No differences were observed in the bent knee fall-out test (p = 0.285). Conclusions: Female elite soccer players with current longstanding hip and groin pain exhibited higher abductor isometric strength and lower adductor/abductor ratio compared to non-injured women players. There were no differences in the BKFO test between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Jaenada-Carrilero
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia Saint Vincent Martyr, 46900 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Luis Baraja-Vegas
- Faculty of Science Health, Physiotherapy Department, Catholic University of Valencia Saint Vincent Martyr, C/Ramiro de Maetzu 14, 46901 Torrent, Spain; (P.B.-G.); (I.J.B.); (J.V.-M.)
| | - Paula Blanco-Giménez
- Faculty of Science Health, Physiotherapy Department, Catholic University of Valencia Saint Vincent Martyr, C/Ramiro de Maetzu 14, 46901 Torrent, Spain; (P.B.-G.); (I.J.B.); (J.V.-M.)
| | - Raul Gallego-Estevez
- Faculty of Science Health, Podiatry Department, Catholic University of Valencia Saint Vincent Martyr, C/Ramiro de Maetzu 14, 46901 Torrent, Spain;
| | - Iker J. Bautista
- Faculty of Science Health, Physiotherapy Department, Catholic University of Valencia Saint Vincent Martyr, C/Ramiro de Maetzu 14, 46901 Torrent, Spain; (P.B.-G.); (I.J.B.); (J.V.-M.)
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK
| | - Juan Vicente-Mampel
- Faculty of Science Health, Physiotherapy Department, Catholic University of Valencia Saint Vincent Martyr, C/Ramiro de Maetzu 14, 46901 Torrent, Spain; (P.B.-G.); (I.J.B.); (J.V.-M.)
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3
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Heerey JJ, Kemp JL, Rotstein A, Su S, Li J, Roebert J, Scholes MJ, Girdwood M, Mentiplay B, Makdissi M, Shawdon A, Crossley KM. Are hip joint imaging findings associated with symptoms and early hip osteoarthritis features in elite male Australian Football League draftees? SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39101330 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2385341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
1) describe intra-articular features (prevalence and severity) and bony hip morphology (prevalence and size) in elite male Australia Football League (AFL) draftees; 2) examine the relationship between bony hip morphology (cam and pincer morphology) and intra-articular features (cartilage defects and labral tears); and 3) examine the relationship between intra-articular features, bony hip morphology, and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Cross-sectional study. 58 male AFL draftees underwent 3-tesla hip MRI. Alpha angle determined cam morphology and acetabular depth defined pincer morphology. For each hip, intra-articular features were scored semi-quantitatively. All players completed the HAGOS to determine hip/groin symptoms and sports function. Logistic regression determined whether bony hip morphology was associated with labral tears and cartilage defects. Mann-Whitney U tests evaluated the difference in HAGOS subscale scores between football players with and without intra-articular features and bony hip morphology. Cam and pincer morphology were evident in 20% and 19% of hips, respectively. Nearly half of hips (41%) had a labral tear, with only 14% having a cartilage defect. Greater alpha angle was associated with the presence of labral tears (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.21, p < 0.001) but not cartilage defects. Hip imaging findings were not associated with lower (worse) HAGOS scores. Hip joint imaging findings were common in elite male AFL draftees but not associated with worse pain, symptoms, or sport function. Cam morphology may contribute to the development of labral tears in male AFL draftees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Heerey
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Joanne L Kemp
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Andrew Rotstein
- Victoria House Medical Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu Su
- Victoria House Medical Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jourena Li
- Victoria House Medical Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Roebert
- Victoria House Medical Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J Scholes
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael Girdwood
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Benjamin Mentiplay
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael Makdissi
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Chaari F, Boyas S, Rebai H, Rahmani A, Sahli S. Effectiveness of 12-Week Core Stability Training on Postural Balance in Soccer Players With Groin Pain: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Sports Health 2024:19417381241259988. [PMID: 39066655 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241259988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Core stability training (CST) is effective in improving postural balance, core endurance, and self-reported outcomes in different populations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CST in soccer players with groin pain (GP). HYPOTHESIS CST would improve postural balance performance, core endurance, and self-reported outcomes in soccer players with GP. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. METHODS Soccer players with GP who met the selection criteria were assigned randomly to a CST (CSTG, n = 10) or a control (CG, n = 10) group. The CG undertook no additional physical activity program besides their usual training. The CSTG performed a 12-week CST comprising 76 ~75 min sessions. Static (force platform) and dynamic (Y-Balance test) postural balance, core endurance (McGill trunk endurance tests), and self-reported outcomes (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score [HAGOS]) were assessed before and immediately after the 12-week CST. RESULTS Significant improvements were seen in dynamic postural balance (P = 0.04 to <0.01), HAGOS scores (P = 0.02 to <0.01), and core endurance measures (P < 0.01) in the CSTG in posttest compared with pretest session and compared with CG. Static bipedal postural balance measures showed significant improvements (eyes open, P = 0.02; eyes closed, P < 0.01) in the CSTG in posttest compared with pretest session. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between CSTG and CG after the training period. CONCLUSION A 12-week CST improved static (foam surface) and dynamic postural balance, core endurance measures, and HAGOS scores. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The beneficial effect of CST on improving postural balance, core endurance, and self-reported outcomes in soccer players with GP suggests that this training would be an important feature of rehabilitation programs for these players. Coaches and clinicians should prioritize CST training when designing rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Chaari
- Research laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- Le Mans University, Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR4334, France Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Sébastien Boyas
- Le Mans University, Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR4334, France Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization' (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abderrahmane Rahmani
- Le Mans University, Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR4334, France Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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5
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Harøy J, Bache-Mathiesen LK, Andersen TE. Lower HAGOS subscale scores associated with a longer duration of groin problems in football players in the subsequent season. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001812. [PMID: 38685919 PMCID: PMC11057268 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Groin injuries represent a considerable problem in football. Although the Adductor Strengthening Programme reduced groin injury risk, players can still experience groin symptoms throughout the season. This study aimed to determine whether preseason Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and a history of previous injury can identify individuals at risk of having a longer duration of groin problems the subsequent season, using an 'any physical complaint' definition of injury. Methods Preseason HAGOS score and weekly groin problems were registered with the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse questionnaire during one full season in 632 male semiprofessional adult players. Results The prognostic model showed a decreased number of weeks with groin problems for each increase in HAGOS score for 'groin-related quality of life' (QOL) (IRR=0.99, p=0.003). A 10-point higher 'QOL' score predicted 10% fewer weeks of groin problems. Additionally, previous hip/groin injury was associated with a 74% increase in the number of weeks with symptoms (p<0.001). Conclusion The HAGOS questionnaire applied preseason can detect players at risk of getting more weeks with groin problems the following season. The 'QOL' subscale seems to be the superior subscale for estimating subsequent groin problem duration. While HAGOS appears promising in identifying players at risk, previous groin injury is the most robust indicator, showing a substantial 74% increase in weeks with symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joar Harøy
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Football Association's Sports Medicine Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Kristin Bache-Mathiesen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Football Association's Sports Medicine Center, Oslo, Norway
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Thorarinsdottir S, Amundsen R, Larmo A, Pedersen R, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Møller M. Groin injuries in women's premier league football in Norway: A two-season prospective cohort study describing clinical and imaging characteristics. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14611. [PMID: 38534061 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence, incidence, and burden of groin injuries in the Norwegian women's premier football league and to describe their clinical and imaging characteristics. METHODS During the 2020 and 2021 seasons, players in the Norwegian women's premier league reported groin injuries weekly, using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). We calculated weekly prevalence, incidence, and burden of groin injuries. The team physical therapists classified the player-reported injuries based on the Doha classification system. Injuries with more than 3 days' time loss or reported in 2 consecutive weeks were eligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS On average, 3.9% (95% CI: 3.4-4.4) of players reported a groin injury at any time; of which 78% caused time loss. The incidence rate was 1.6 injuries/1000 h (95% CI: 1.3-2.0) and their burden was 11 days lost/1000 h. The physical therapists examined 67 of 124 player-reported groin injuries (53%). Adductor-related injury was most common (55%) followed by iliopsoas (15%) and rectus femoris-related (12%). Pubic-related injuries caused most time loss (median: 24 days, IQR: 5-133). In this study, 42 injuries were investigated with MRI; 8 (19%) showed no changes, 6 (14%) an acute musculotendinous lesion, and 32 (76%) a nonacute finding (e.g., central symphyseal disc protrusion, tendinopathies). CONCLUSION The incidence rate and burden of groin injuries were high. Adductor-related injuries were most common, but pubic-related injuries caused most time loss. Most MRI examinations demonstrated nonacute findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Thorarinsdottir
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roar Amundsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian FA Medical Centre (Idrettens helsesenter), Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Møller
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Research Unit of Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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7
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Veith S, Whalan M, Gibson N, Sampson JA. Exploring the true burden of a time-loss injury: full vs partial time-loss in elite academy football (soccer). SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:6-14. [PMID: 36473725 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2156587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In football, the number of days without full participation in training/competition is often used as a surrogate measure for time-loss (TL) caused by injury. However, injury management and return-to-play processes frequently include modified participation, which to date has only been recorded through self-reports. This study aims to demonstrate the differentiation between 'full' (no participation in team football) and 'partial' (reduced/modified participation in team football) burden. Injury and exposure data were collected from 118 male elite footballers (U13-U18) over 3 consecutive seasons according to the Football Consensus Statement. TL injury burden was calculated separately as the number of total, 'full' and 'partial' days lost per 1000 h of exposure. Injury burden (137.2 days lost/1000 h, 95% CI 133.4-141.0) was comprised of 23% (31.9 days lost/1000 h, 95% CI 30.1-33.8) partial TL and 77% (105.3 days lost/1000 h, 95% CI 102.0-108.6) full TL burden. Injuries of moderate severity (8-28 days lost) showed 40% of partial TL. TL injury incidence rate (6.6 injuries/1000 h, 95% CI 5.8-7.5), the number of severe injuries (16%), and the distribution of TL and non-TL injuries (56% and 44%) were comparable to other reports in elite youth footballers. Almost one-quarter of the TL injury burden showed that injured players were still included in some team football activities, which, for injuries with TL >7 days, was likely related to the return to play process. Therefore, reporting on partial TL provides insight into the true impact of injury on participation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Veith
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Medical Department, Sydney Football Club, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Whalan
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Medical Department, Football Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Gibson
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Sampson
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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8
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Chaari F, Rahmani A, Rebai H, Fendri T, Boyas S, Sahli S. Is there a relationship between static postural control and core stability? A cross-sectional study in soccer players with groin pain. J Orthop 2024; 48:1-5. [PMID: 38054024 PMCID: PMC10694616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Static postural control disorders have been documented in soccer players suffering from groin pain (GP). Understanding the mechanisms of these disorders is crucial in designing rehabilitation programs. Objectives To (i) assess static postural control and core stability in soccer players suffering from GP compared to their peers and (ii) explore the relationship between these two parameters. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 42 male soccer players suffering from GP (GP group: GPG) and 42 healthy players (control group: CG). Static postural control (stabilometric platform) and core stability (core endurance tests) were assessed. Results Center of pressure velocity in the GPG was significantly higher compared to the CG during bipedal stance on the firm surface with eyes closed (2.66 [95 % CI: 0.86-3.67]; p < 0.01) and on the foam one (p < 0.001) in both conditions; eyes opened (2.88 [95 % CI: 1.42-4.43]) and closed (5.88 [95 % CI: 2.66-9.10]), and on the IL in eyes closed (12.54 [95 % CI: 4.27-20.80]; p < 0.01). Besides, GPG revealed significant (p < 0.001) lower core stability measures compared to CG. No significant associations (p > 0.05) were observed between static postural control and core stability in GPG. Conclusion Soccer players suffering from GP showed static disorders of postural control compared with their peers. These impairments were not associated with measures of core stability. These findings provide insight into the direction of future research exploring the mechanisms underlying deficits in static postural control in soccer players suffering from GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Chaari
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, STAPS Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- Le Mans University, Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR4334, France Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, STAPS Department, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000, Le Mans, France
| | - Abderrahmane Rahmani
- Le Mans University, Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR4334, France Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, STAPS Department, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000, Le Mans, France
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ‘Sports Performance Optimization (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Fendri
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, STAPS Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- Le Mans University, Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR4334, France Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, STAPS Department, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000, Le Mans, France
| | - Sébastien Boyas
- Le Mans University, Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, UR4334, France Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, STAPS Department, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000, Le Mans, France
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, STAPS Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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9
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Amundsen R, Thorarinsdottir S, Larmo A, Pedersen R, Andersen TE, Møller M, Bahr R. #ReadyToplay: hamstring injuries in women's football - a two-season prospective cohort study in the Norwegian women's premier league. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38243669 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2305389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this two-season prospective cohort study (2020-2021), we aimed to describe the characteristics, clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hamstring injuries in the Norwegian women's premier league. Hamstring injuries were examined by team physiotherapists using a standardised clinical examination and injury form. Injury location and severity (modified Peetrons classification) were graded based on MRI by two independent radiologists. Fifty-three hamstring injuries were clinically examined, 31 of these with MRI. Hamstring injuries caused 8 days (median) lost from football (interquartile range: 3-15 days, range: 0-188 days), most were non-contact and occurred during sprinting. Gradual-onset (53%) and sudden-onset injuries (47%) were evenly distributed. The injuries examined with MRI were classified as grade 0 (52%), grade 1 (16%) or grade 2 (29%). One proximal tendinopathy case was not graded. Grade 2 injuries caused more time loss than grade 0 (19 ± 8 vs. 7 ± 7 days, p = 0.002). Of injuries with MRI changes, 60% were in the m. biceps femoris, mainly the muscle-tendon junction, and 40% in the m. semimembranosus, most in the proximal tendon. Compared to previous findings from men's football, a higher proportion of hamstring injuries in women's football had a gradual onset and involved the m. semimembranosus, particularly its proximal tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Amundsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Thorarinsdottir
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Larmo
- Radiology Department, Evidia Norge AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Pedersen
- Radiology Department, Unilabs Norge AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - T E Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Football Association Medical Centre (Idrettens helsesenter), The Norwegian Football Association, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Møller
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Adams SR, Toohey LA, Drew MK, Smith C, Borges N, Wollin M, Livingston GC, Schultz A. Epidemiology of time-loss injuries within an Australian male professional football club: A 5-year prospective observational study of 21,343 player hours. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:2161-2168. [PMID: 38390955 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2313834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish injury incidence rates (IIRs) and burden within an Australian male professional football club (n = 73) and to investigate longitudinal trends across five consecutive seasons (2016/17-2020/21). There was an overall IIR of 9.18 injuries per 1000 hours (h) (95% CI [7.89, 10.47]). The IIR was approximately seven times greater (rate ratio (RR): 6.85; 95% CI [5.13, 9.19]; p < 0.01) in matches (31.29 injuries per 1000 h; 95% CI [25.25, 37.33]) compared to training (4.49 injuries per 1000 h; 95% CI [3.51, 5.47]). The overall injury burden was 254.1 days lost per 1000 h (95% CI [220.9, 292.3]). Compared with the reference 2016/17 season, there were significant increases in minimal (RR: 6.94; 95% CI [1.27, 128.73]) and mild injuries (RR: 3.76; 95% CI [1.21, 16.39]) in season 2017/18 and decreases in moderate (RR: 0.40; 95% CI [0.19, 0.80]) and contact injuries (RR: 0.35; 95% CI [0.12, 0.90]) in season 2019/2020. Time-loss injury is common and represents a major burden in Australian male professional football, with injuries more frequently sustained during matches. Injury prevention practices should specifically be directed towards muscle/tendon and ligament injuries of the lower limb, particularly anterior cruciate ligament, ankle sprain and hamstring strain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart R Adams
- College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Newcastle Jets Football Club, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Liam A Toohey
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia
- Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia
| | - Michael K Drew
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Canberra, Australia
| | - Chris Smith
- Newcastle Jets Football Club, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nattai Borges
- College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martin Wollin
- Performance Health Management, Canberra, Australia
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - G C Livingston
- College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Adrian Schultz
- Australian College of Physical Education (ACPE), Sydney Olympic Park, Australia
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11
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Mashimo S, Nishida S, Ito A, Ogaki R, Hirono J, Hogan T, Yoshida N. Injury data collection and utilisation practices in university sports teams: A cross-sectional study. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 64:55-61. [PMID: 37748250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine injury surveillance practices in a variety of university sports teams and barriers and facilitators for injury data collection and utilisation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University sports teams in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Medical, coaching, and other staff (non-medical/-coaching staff) of the university sports teams in Japan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The survey included 31 questions that examined the barriers and facilitators for injury data collection, and the type of data on injury and exposure collected. RESULTS Injury data were collected during matches for 69 teams (48.3%) and training for 61 teams (42.7%). Injuries were primarily captured by athletic trainers in teams with medical staff, coaching staff and athletes in teams without medical staff. Common barriers in collecting and utilising injury data included limited funding for trained personnel and lack of time for medical staff to record data. Facilitating factors included clarification of the methods employed in recording and utilising injury data for teams with medical staff and the deployment of trained personnel to record injuries for teams without medical staff. CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of the Japanese university teams collected injury data. Considering barriers and facilitators is crucial to facilitate the collection and utilisation of injury data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Mashimo
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan.
| | - Satoru Nishida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- College of Sociology, Edogawa University, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogaki
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Japan
| | - Junichi Hirono
- School of General Education, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hogan
- Media Communication Center, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa, Japan
| | - Naruto Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima, Japan
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12
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Girdwood M, Mentiplay BF, Scholes MJ, Heerey JJ, Crossley KM, O'Brien MJM, Perraton Z, Shawdon A, Kemp JL. Hip Muscle Strength, Range of Motion, and Functional Performance in Young Elite Male Australian Football Players. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:910-919. [PMID: 37758256 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hip and groin injuries are common in field sports such as football, with measurement of hip strength and range of motion (ROM) recommended for assessment of these conditions. We aimed to report hip strength, hip ROM, and functional task performance in young elite Australian football athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Fifty-eight newly drafted Australian Football League athletes completed hip abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and flexion strength testing with an adjustable stabilized or hand-held dynamometer. Hip internal rotation and external rotation, bent knee fall out, and ankle dorsiflexion ROM were also measured. Players completed hop for distance, side bridge, and star excursion balance functional tests. We compared findings between the dominant and nondominant limbs. RESULTS We found small deficits unlikely to be clinically meaningful in the dominant limb for hip abduction and adduction strength, and a small deficit in the nondominant limb for external rotation strength and side bridge time. Athletes had lower hip internal rotation (mean difference 2.56°; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 4.26) and total rotation ROM (2.03°; 95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 4.01) on the dominant limb. CONCLUSIONS There were no meaningful differences between dominant and nondominant limbs for hip strength, ROM, or functional tests. Our results may be used for benchmarking young male Australian football athletes when targeting optimal strength and returning from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Girdwood
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin F Mentiplay
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark J Scholes
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua J Heerey
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J M O'Brien
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Zuzana Perraton
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Anik Shawdon
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne L Kemp
- La Trobe Sport & Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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13
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Ishøi L, Thorborg K, Krohn L, Louis Andersen L, Møller Nielsen A, Bek Clausen MI. Maximal and Explosive Muscle Strength During Hip Adduction Squeeze and Hip Abduction Press Test Using A Handheld Dynamometer: An Intra- and Inter-tester Reliability Study. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:905-916. [PMID: 37547845 PMCID: PMC10399103 DOI: 10.26603/001c.83259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hip adduction and abduction muscle function plays an important role for risk of groin pain in athletes. Maximal isometric strength can be obtained clinically using a handheld dynamometer. However, in very strong athletes this is challenging, as external fixation of the dynamometer is needed for reliable measures. An alternative to unilateral testing, is the long-lever hip adduction squeeze test and a novel bilateral hip abduction press test. While promising intra-tester reliability has been found for maximal strength during the long-lever hip adduction squeeze test, inter-tester reliability may be more challenging during both maximal and explosive strength measurements. Hypothesis/purpose The aim of the present study was to assess intra- and inter-tester reliability of maximal, and explosive strength during the long lever hip adduction squeeze test and the long lever hip abduction press test in healthy adults using a hand-held dynamometer. Study design Intra- and interrater reliability study. Methods Forty-nine healthy subjects were included for intra- (n=20) and inter-tester reliability (n=29). Subjects performed the hip adduction long lever squeeze test and the bilateral hip abduction press test in a randomized order. Maximal isometric strength and early (0-100 ms) and late (0-200 ms) phase rate of force development (explosive muscle strength) was obtained using a hand-held dynamometer. Relative reliability for all tests was assessed using ICC2,1 two-way mixed model with absolute agreement, thereby taking bias between testers into account. Results Maximal isometric strength showed good intra- and inter-tester reliability for adduction (ICC: 0.93-0.97) and abduction (ICC: 0.88-0.92). For 0-200 ms rate of force development, both the squeeze and press test showed good intra-tester reliability (ICC: 0.85-0.87), whereas inter-tester reliability was good for hip adduction squeeze (ICC: 0.75) and moderate for hip abduction press (ICC: 0.71). For 0-100 ms rate of force development, the hip abduction press test showed good intra-tester reliability (ICC: 0.78). Remaining tests for intra- and inter-tester reliability showed moderate reliability (ICC: 0.50-0.71). Conclusion Assessment of maximal isometric strength in hip adduction squeeze and abduction press test showed good intra- and inter-tester reliability, whereas only 0-200 ms rate of force development demonstrated good intra-tester reliability of both tests. Therefore, rate of force development should preferably be conducted by the same tester, while the long lever squeeze and press test can reliably be used within- and between testers to measure maximal isometric strength. Level of Evidence 3©The Author(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Ishøi
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Laura Krohn
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital
| | | | - Asger Møller Nielsen
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - MIkkel Bek Clausen
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital
- University College Copenhagen
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Beddows TPA, Weir A, Agricola R, Tak IJR, Piscaer TM, Verhaar JAN, Klij PV. Hip and groin pain in male field hockey players: Prevalence, incidence and associations with patient reported outcome scores and hip muscle strength. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 61:66-72. [PMID: 36933477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate point prevalence (second half season 2018-2019) and incidence (season 2017-2018 and first half season 2018-2019) of non-time-loss and time-loss hip/groin pain in male field hockey players. Secondary aims were to study associations between: current/previous hip/groin pain and hip muscle strength, patient reported outcome measures (PROM) and hip muscle strength, and previous hip/groin pain and PROMs. Additionally we studied normal values for the PROMs (Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS)). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Testing at field hockey clubs. PARTICIPANTS 100 male field hockey players (elite, sub-elite and amateur). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Point prevalence and incidence of hip/groin pain, strength: eccentric adduction and abduction, adductor squeeze, HAGOS. RESULTS Hip/groin pain point prevalence was 17% (time-loss: 6%) and incidence was 36% (time-loss: 12%). Presence of current or previous hip/groin and lower HAGOS-values were not associated with lower hip muscle strength. Previous hip/groin pain was associated with a significant lower HAGOS-values in all domains, except for the 'participation in physical activities' domain. CONCLUSIONS Hip/groin pain is common in field hockey. One fifth of players have hip/groin pain and one third had pain in the previous season. Previous hip/groin pain was associated with worse ongoing patient reported outcomes in most domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P A Beddows
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A Weir
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Agricola
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Afdeling Orthopedische Chirurgie, Sport & Orthopedie Eindhoven, St. Anna Ziekenhuis, the Netherlands
| | - I J R Tak
- Fysiotherapie Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS) / IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T M Piscaer
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A N Verhaar
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P van Klij
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Afdeling Sportgeneeskunde, Isala Ziekenhuis, Zwolle, the Netherlands
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15
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Zilles G, Grim C, Wegener F, Engelhardt M, Hotfiel T, Hoppe MW. [Groin pain in sports games: a systematic review]. SPORTVERLETZUNG SPORTSCHADEN : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ORTHOPADISCH-TRAUMATOLOGISCHE SPORTMEDIZIN 2023; 37:18-36. [PMID: 36878218 DOI: 10.1055/a-1912-4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sports games, epidemiological data show that groin pain is relatively common and can lead to repeated loss of time. Consequently, it is essential to be aware of the evidence-based prevention strategies. The aim of this systematic review was to examine risk factors and prevention strategies for groin pain and to rank them based on their evidence in sports games. METHODS The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using a PICO-scheme in the PubMed, Web of Science and SPOLIT databases. We included all available intervention and observational studies on the influence of risk factors and prevention strategies on groin pain in sports games. The methodological quality and level of evidence was assessed using the PEDro-Scale and OCEBM model, respectively. Finally, the quantity, quality and level of evidence was used to rank each risk factor for its grade. RESULTS Moderate evidence was found for four risk factors that significantly influence the risk of groin pain: male sex, previous groin pain, hip adductor strength and not participating in the FIFA 11+ Kids. Moreover, moderate evidence was found for the following non-significant risk factors: older age, body height and weight, higher BMI, body fat percentage, playing position, leg dominance, training exposure, reduced hip abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and internal rotation-ROM, hip flexor strength, hip abductor, adductor, flexor and core strengthening with balance exercises, clinical hip mobility tests and physical capacities. CONCLUSION The identified risk factors can be considered when developing prevention strategies to reduce the risk of groin pain in sports games. Thereby, not only the significant, but also the non-significant risk factors should be considered for prioritisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zilles
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Casper Grim
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Florian Wegener
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Martin Engelhardt
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
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16
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Epidemiology of Rink Hockey-Related Injuries. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:70-75. [PMID: 35894884 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Determining the rate of injuries related to a certain sport is accepted as the primary step toward designing, implementing, and evaluating injury prevention programs. The aim of this study was to examine the injuries sustained by semiprofessional Spanish rink hockey players and to compare data per playing position. DESIGN Observational and retrospective. METHODS Athletes from 21 teams were surveyed via a self-reported questionnaire to screen for incidence, injury burden, location, tissue, and onset of injuries. RESULTS Overall, 101 time loss injuries were reported across 22,241 hours of exposure, giving rise to an incidence rate of 4.5/1000 hours. The main body regions injured were the hip/groin, shoulder, thigh, and head, accounting altogether for 47.5% of all injuries. Musculotendinous injuries were the most frequent, comprising 27.7% of all injuries. Incidence accounted for 3.1/1000 hours during training and 23/1000 hours during games (P < .001). A high number of injuries were caused by contact (46.5%). No differences were found for any of the variables analyzed between outfield players and goalkeepers. CONCLUSION The injury incidence in rink hockey is moderate, occurring mainly due to a contact mechanism. Preventative measurements should be implemented in rink hockey with a special concern for injuries affecting the hip/groin and head.
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17
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Quintana-Cepedal M, de la Calle O, Medina-Sánchez M, Crespo I, del Valle M, Olmedillas H. Characterising groin pain in rink hockey: Function and five-second squeeze in Spanish players. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 58:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Stensø J, Andersen TE, Harøy J. Adductor Strengthening Programme is successfully adopted but frequently modified in Norwegian male professional football teams: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060611. [PMID: 36437510 PMCID: PMC9454074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Groin injuries represent a substantial problem in male football, with the Adductor Strengthening Programme (ASP) being the only exercise programme demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of groin problems. We aimed first, to use the Reach Adoption Effectiveness Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to investigate attitudes, beliefs and behaviour to the ASP among primary delivery agents of injury prevention exercises in Norwegian male professional football teams. Second, we aimed to identify a real-world application of the ASP protocol used in a professional team setting. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey, using a questionnaire designed to cover all five dimensions of the RE-AIM framework. SETTING The top two divisions of Norwegian male professional football. PARTICIPANTS 32 primary injury prevention delivery agents. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primarily, the proportion of respondents being aware of the ASP and its effect; having adopted it; having implemented it as intended; and considering maintaining using it. Secondary, the most often used ASP modifications. RESULTS Twenty-nine (91%) participants responded. All (100%) respondents were aware of the ASP and its injury preventive effect. The two most stated reasons for using the ASP were its injury preventive effect and that it does not require equipment. The ASP was adopted by all (100%) delivery agents, but only 10% used it in accordance with the original protocol. The main modifications were that the players in 72% of the teams were instructed to perform a non-progressive number of repetitions during pre-season, and in 86% of the teams instructed to perform more sets, but fewer repetitions per set, during in season. In total, 97% of the delivery agents planned to continue using the ASP. CONCLUSION The delivery agents have positive attitudes and beliefs to the ASP, but they frequently modify it. We identified and reported a real-world application of the ASP protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Stensø
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Medical Clinic, Norwegian FA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joar Harøy
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Medical Clinic, Norwegian FA, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Midseason Screening for Groin Pain, Severity, and Disability in 101 Elite American Youth Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin J Sport Med 2022; 32:501-507. [PMID: 34759181 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To (1) systematically screen for groin pain and type in young elite soccer players and (2) assess whether hip and groin-related severity and disability differed between players with different levels of groin pain and tenderness. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational. SETTING Elite American soccer academy at midseason. PARTICIPANTS One hundred one academy soccer players (mean age 14.3 ± 1.8 years). INTERVENTION All players underwent clinical examinations to classify groin pain by the Doha agreement taxonomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tests for groin-related severity and disability included the Copenhagen 5-second squeeze test, Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), and Hip Outcome Score (HOS). Players were stratified into 3 groups: those with groin pain, those with tenderness, and those with no groin pain or tenderness. RESULTS Twenty-two players (22%) reported groin pain. Adductor-related groin pain was the most common (n = 14), followed by iliopsoas-related (n = 3), and pubic-related (n = 2). Multiple locations were present in 3 players. Thirty-nine players (39%) did not have groin pain but were tender to palpation in 1 or more structures related to the Doha agreement taxonomy. Copenhagen 5-second squeeze test differentiated between players with and without groin pain (groin pain vs tenderness group: P = 0.011; groin pain vs no groin pain group P < 0.001). Four HAGOS subscales (pain, symptoms, sport/recreation, and quality of life) differentiated between players with and without groin pain ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS One in five academy soccer players experiences groin pain with adductor-related most common during a midseason screening. Both Copenhagen 5-second squeeze test and HAGOS subscales can differentiate between players with and without groin pain.
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20
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Fujisaki K, Akasaka K, Otsudo T, Hattori H, Hasebe Y, Hall T. Effects of a Groin Pain Prevention Program in Male High School Soccer Players: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:841-850. [PMID: 35949380 PMCID: PMC9340824 DOI: 10.26603/001c.36631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Groin pain is frequently reported by soccer players. A prevention program incorporating the Copenhagen adduction exercise (CAE) has been shown effective in decreasing adductor muscle injury in semi-professional soccer players. However, the effect of such programs on groin pain in high school soccer players is unknown. No reports have examined the effects of combining the CAE with other targeted exercises such as the Nordic hamstrings exercise (NHE). Purpose To evaluate the preventative effects of exercise on groin pain in high school soccer players in three groups comprising NHE alone, combined NHE and CAE, and a control group. Design Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial spanning 16 weeks was conducted on 202 high school soccer players from seven high schools in a Japanese under 18 Soccer League. Players were allocated to either group A (three schools, 66 players) receiving the CAE alone, or group B (two schools, 73 players) receiving the CAE and NHE, or control group C (two schools, 63 players) who performed their usual training. This study compared the number of injuries, injury rate, and severity of the injury of groin pain in these three groups. Results The number of players injured was less in group B (4 players) compared to C (18 players), and time-lost to soccer was less in groups A (6 players) and B (3 players) compared to group C (16 players). Injury rates were significantly lower in groups A and B, with the relative risk of injury compared to group C of 0.42 (95% CI 0.19% to 0.90%) in group A and 0.19 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.54) in group B. Conclusion A 16-week program incorporating the CAE in training sessions in high school soccer players reduced the incidence of groin pain and which may be related to injury severity according to time -lost to soccer, however the combination of both the CAE and NHE may be more effective than the CAE alone. Level of Evidence 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fujisaki
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Physical Therapy, Ota College of Medical Technology
| | - Kiyokazu Akasaka
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; School of Physical therapy, Saitama Medical University
| | - Takahiro Otsudo
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; School of Physical therapy, Saitama Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Hattori
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; School of Physical therapy, Saitama Medical University
| | - Yuki Hasebe
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Toby Hall
- Curtin School Allied Health, Curtin University; Manual Concepts, Perth
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21
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Owoeye OBA, Neme JR, Buchanan P, Esposito F, Breitbach AP. Absence of Injury Is Not Absence of Pain: Prevalence of Preseason Musculoskeletal Pain and Associated Factors in Collegiate Soccer and Basketball Student Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159128. [PMID: 35897492 PMCID: PMC9368705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Unlike musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries, MSK pain is rarely studied in athletes. In this study, we examined the prevalence of preseason MSK pain in apparently healthy collegiate soccer and basketball players and its relationship with previous injuries (1-year history), among other factors. Ninety-seven eligible student athletes (mean age: 20.1 (SD: 1.6) years; 43% male; 53% soccer players) completed a baseline questionnaire comprising questions related to demographics, medical and 1-year injury history and any current MSK pain and the corresponding body location. The overall prevalence of preseason MSK pain was 26% (95% CI: 17–36%) and it did not differ by sex or sport. The back (6.2%) and knee (5.2%) regions were reported to be the most frequently affected body parts for preseason MSK pain. Athletes with a previous injury and with perception of incomplete healing had 3.5-fold higher odds (OR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.28–9.36) of baseline MSK pain compared with those without a previous injury. One in four collegiate soccer and basketball players had preseason MSK pain. Collegiate sports medicine professionals should consider conducting routine preseason evaluations of MSK pain in their athletes and initiate appropriate interventions for the prevention of MSK pain and its potential consequences among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jamil R. Neme
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Paula Buchanan
- Department of Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Flavio Esposito
- Department of Computer Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Anthony P. Breitbach
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
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Rapid Spike in Hip Adduction Strength in Early Adolescent Footballers: A Study of 125 Elite Male Players From Youth to Senior. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1407-1414. [PMID: 35534012 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the differences in hip adductor and abductor muscle strength in elite male footballers from youth to senior level. METHODS We tested 125 players from the under-13-years (U'13) to senior squads of a Danish male professional football club in this cross-sectional design study. Hip adductor and abductor force (in newtons), torque (in newton meters), normalized torque (in newton meters per body mass), and adduction-to-abduction ratio were measured using handheld dynamometry. RESULTS Between U'13 and senior level, adductor force increased by 104%, torque by 127%, and normalized torque by 21%. Abductor force increased by 78%, torque by 126%, and normalized torque by 17%. For incremental differences between age groups, significant increases were observed between the ages of U'13 to U'14 (18%-39%) and U'14 to U'15 (19%-33%) for all strength measures (P ≤ .021). No incremental difference was observed for adductor-to-abductor ratio. CONCLUSIONS The large increases in hip adductor and abductor strength occurring between the ages of U'13 and U'15 offer insight into the strength capabilities and stress demands in these players, which may relate to injury vulnerability, and facilitate clinicians in selecting best-suited exercise interventions.
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23
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Ultrasound Shear Modulus and Thickness of Lateral Abdominal Muscles in Different Contractile States in Relation to Self‐ Reported Hip/Groin Problems in Youth Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2022; 81:97-108. [PMID: 35291629 PMCID: PMC8884866 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no studies have assessed lateral abdominal muscles’ (LAM) elasticity and thickness in relation to hip and groin symptoms in any population. The objectives were to a) assess the relationship between LAM ultrasound measurements (elasticity and thickness) and self-reported subscales of the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and b) compare LAM elasticity and thickness between asymptomatic and symptomatic sides. Shear modulus and thickness of the oblique external (OE), internal (OI) and transversus abdominis (TrA) muscles in 25 young soccer players were assessed at rest and during isometric contraction using ultrasound shear wave elastography. HAGOS subscales were used to assess self-reported hip/groin problems. There was a significant (p < 0.05) moderate correlation between allometric-scaled OI resting thickness (mean of right and left) and the Activities of Daily Living (r = 0.40), Sport (r = 0.57) and Quality of Life (QOL) (r = 0.41) HAGOS subscales. Also, a moderate significant correlation was found between allometric-scaled TrA resting thickness and the QOL subscale (r = 0.47). Moderate correlations were found between resting OI shear modulus and the QOL (r = 0.44), between right TrA shear modulus during contraction and Symptoms (r = 0.57), and between the left TrA shear modulus during contraction and Physical Activity (r = 0.41) subscales. No differences were found between the symptomatic and asymptomatic side in thickness and elasticity measurements among soccer players with unilateral symptoms (p > 0.05). The relationships found between LAM and hip/groin problems in youth male soccer players indicate that muscles are thinner and more elastic (less stiff) in more symptomatic athletes.
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Roughead EA, King MG, Crossley KM, Heerey JJ, Lawrenson PR, Scholes MJ, Semciw AI, Mentiplay BF, Kemp JL. Football players with long standing hip and groin pain display deficits in functional task performance. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 55:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Wörner T, Thorborg K, Clarsen B, Eek F. Incidence, Prevalence, and Severity of and Risk Factors for Hip and Groin Problems in Swedish Male Ice Hockey Players: A 1-Season Prospective Cohort Study. J Athl Train 2022; 57:72-78. [PMID: 34038950 PMCID: PMC8775280 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0522.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The epidemiologic focus on time loss may underestimate the true magnitude of hip and groin problems in male ice hockey players. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence, incidence, and severity of hip and groin problems (time loss and non-time loss) in Swedish ice hockey players over the course of a season and explore potential preseason risk factors for these conditions. DESIGN Prospective 1-season cohort study. SETTING Professional and semiprofessional Swedish ice hockey players. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 12 professional and semiprofessional male ice hockey teams were invited to participate. Of those, 9 teams agreed, and 163 players were included in the analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Hip and groin problems in the previous season (time loss, non-time loss), isometric adduction and abduction strength, and 5-second squeeze test results were recorded before the season and served as independent variables in the risk factor analysis. Main outcome measures were cumulative incidence of hip and groin problems, average prevalence, and odds ratios (ORs) for groin problems in season. RESULTS Cumulative incidence was 45.4% (95% CI = 37.6%, 53.4%) for all problems and 19% (95% CI = 13.3%, 25.9%) for substantial problems. Average prevalence was 14.1% (95% CI = 10.8%, 17.5%) for all and 5.7% (95% CI = 4.3%, 7.2%) for substantial problems. Among reported problems, 69.2% had a gradual onset, and only 17% led to time loss. Players with non-time-loss problems in the previous season had higher odds for new problems (all: OR = 3.3 [95% CI = 1.7, 6.3]; substantial: OR = 3.6 [95% CI = 1.8, 8.4]). Preseason strength was not significantly associated with the odds for subsequent problems. CONCLUSION Hip and groin problems are common in ice hockey players and may lead to substantial impairments in performance. Only 1 in 5 problems led to time loss, and 7 in 10 had a gradual onset. Non-time-loss problems in the previous season were a significant risk factor for new problems, whereas decreased preseason hip-adduction and -abduction strength was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wörner
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center–Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway
| | - Frida Eek
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
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26
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The "SHRed Injuries Basketball" Neuromuscular Training Warm-up Program Reduces Ankle and Knee Injury Rates by 36% in Youth Basketball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:40-48. [PMID: 34972488 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training warm-up prevention program, Surveillance in High school and community sport to Reduce (SHRed) Injuries Basketball, for reducing all-complaint ankle and knee injuries in youth basketball players. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study. METHODS High school/club basketball teams (male and female players aged 11-18 years) in Calgary, Canada participated in 2016-2017 (control; season 1) and 2017-2018 (intervention; season 2). The control season included a standard-of-practice warm-up. In season 2, a SHRed Injuries Basketball coach workshop was completed by participating team coaches. Teams were randomized by school/club to an unsupervised or a supervised (weekly supervision by study personnel) implementation of the coach-delivered SHRed Injuries Basketball program. The 10-minute SHRed Injuries Basketball program included 13 exercises (ie, aerobic, agility, strength, balance). All-complaint ankle and knee injuries were collected weekly using validated injury surveillance. Multilevel, multivariable Poisson regression analyses (considering important covariates, clustering by team and individual, and offset by exposure hours) estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by intervention group (season 1 versus season 2) and secondarily considered the control versus completion of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program, unsupervised and supervised. RESULTS Sixty-three teams (n = 502 players) participated in season 1 and 31 teams (n = 307 players: 143 unsupervised, 164 supervised) participated in season 2. The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was protective against all-complaint knee and ankle injuries (IRR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 0.79). Unsupervised (IRR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83) and supervised (IRR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85) implementations of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program had similar protective effects. CONCLUSION The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was associated with a 36% lower rate of ankle and knee injuries. Neuromuscular training warm-ups are recommended as the minimal standard of practice for injury prevention in youth basketball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(1):40-48. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10959.
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Bisciotti GN, Auci A, Bona S, Bisciotti A, Bisciotti A, Cassaghi G, DI Marzo F, DI Pietto F, Eirale C, Panascì M, Parra F, Zini R. Long-standing groin pain syndrome in athletic women: a multidisciplinary assessment in keeping with the italian consensus agreement. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1199-1210. [PMID: 34931789 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.13322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-standing groin pain syndrome (LSGPS) is a form of groin pain syndrome in which the cohort of symptoms reported by patients is experienced for a long period, typically for over 12 weeks, and is recalcitrant to any conservative therapy. The aim of this prospective epidemiological study was to describe the clinical causes of LSGPS in 37 female athletic subjects in Italy through the Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference on terminology, clinical evaluation and imaging assessment in groin pain in athletes classification and guidelines. METHODS Thirty-seven female athletes affected by LSGPS were evaluated following the guidelines issued by the Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference on terminology, clinical evaluation and imaging assessment of groin pain in athletes. RESULTS In the considered population, each patient presented only one pathological cause for LSGPS. The most frequent aetiologies were inguinal pathologies (54.05% of the cases), acetabular labrum tear (18.92%) and pelvic floor disorders (8.11%). Adductor tendinopathy represented only 2.70% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Female athletic patients affected by LSGPS show a similar incidence of inguinal and hip pathologies as in male populations. However, these clinical situations do not seem to be associated in women unlike in the male population. This difference is probably due to particular anatomical differences related to gender. For this reason, women affected by LSGPS represent an important subset of patients. Moreover, adductor tendinopathy is probably overrated as an etiopathogenetic source of LSGPS in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Nicola Bisciotti
- Paris Saint Germain FC, Paris, France - .,Kinemove Rehabilitations Center, Pontremoli, Massa Carrara, Italy -
| | - Alessio Auci
- Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Bona
- Humanitas Resarch Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bisciotti
- Kinemove Rehabilitations Center, Pontremoli, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Federica Parra
- Kinemove Rehabilitations Center, Pontremoli, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - Raul Zini
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
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Schoffl J, Dooley K, Miller P, Miller J, Snodgrass SJ. Factors Associated with Hip and Groin Pain in Elite Youth Football Players: A Cohort Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:97. [PMID: 34923614 PMCID: PMC8685189 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite hip and groin pain being commonly reported in elite youth football players, little evidence on risk factors exists. Risk factors in adult football players include reduced hip adductor strength and hip adductor/abductor strength ratios, and lower Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) subscale scores. It is unknown if these factors are also predictive of pain development in youth football players. OBJECTIVE To identify whether preseason hip adductor and abductor strength and HAGOS subscale scores of male and female elite youth football players are associated with in-season or historical (lifetime) hip and groin pain. METHODS Preseason hip adductor and abductor strength testing and the HAGOS were undertaken by 105 elite male (n = 58) and female (n = 47) football players aged 11-15 years. Medical staff documented both players' self-reported historical and in-season hip and groin pain. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were undertaken with main outcome measures in-season hip and groin pain and historical hip and groin pain and independent variables of hip muscle strength, hip muscle torque and HAGOS subscale scores. RESULTS Twenty-three players (21.9%) self-reported in-season hip and groin pain, while 19 players (18.1%) self-reported historical hip and groin pain. Pre-season hip adductor and abductor variables and HAGOS subscale scores failed to predict in-season hip and groin pain. However, a higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; 95% CI 1.01, 1.73, p = .043) and being male (OR 5.71; 95% CI 1.65, 19.7) were associated with having in-season hip and groin pain (R2 = 0.211). There was also an association between historical hip and groin pain (R2 = 0.579) and both HAGOS subscale Quality of Life (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84; 95% CI 0.77, 0.91, p < .001) and mean abductor torque (OR = 11.85; 95% CI 1.52, 91.97; p = .018). CONCLUSION Pre-season hip adductor and abductor strength and HAGOS subscale scores did not predict subsequent in-season hip and groin pain in elite youth football players. However, pre-season higher hip abductor strength and lower HAGOS scores were retrospectively associated with historical hip and groin pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Schoffl
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Katherine Dooley
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Peter Miller
- NUmoves Physiotherapy, Ring Road, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jess Miller
- NUmoves Physiotherapy, Ring Road, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Snodgrass
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Hilska M, Leppänen M, Vasankari T, Clarsen B, Aaltonen S, Bahr R, Haapasalo H, Parkkari J, Kannus P, Pasanen K. Neuromuscular training warm‐up in the prevention of overuse lower extremity injuries in children's football: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Hilska
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research Tampere Finland
| | - Mari Leppänen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research Tampere Finland
- Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Heidi Haapasalo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research Tampere Finland
- Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Pekka Kannus
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research Tampere Finland
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research Tampere Finland
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
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Wörner T, Thorborg K, Clarsen B, Eek F. Hip and groin function and strength in male ice hockey players with and without hip and groin problems in the previous season- a prospective cohort study. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:263-271. [PMID: 34678567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and compare hip and groin strength and function of male ice hockey players over one season in players with and without hip and groin problems in the previous season. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Swedish male ice hockey. PARTICIPANTS We followed 193 players from 10 teams during the 2017/2018 season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hip adduction and abduction strength, 5 s squeeze test (5SST), and self-reported hip and groin function (Hip and Groin Outcome Score). Changes over the season and differences between players with and without problems in the previous season were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Adduction strength decreased slightly from pre-to mid-season and abduction strength increased slightly over the full season. However, self-reported function or pain did not change. Players with hip and groin problems in the previous season had significantly worse self-reported function, and more groin pain during the 5SST compared to players without. Strength measurments did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Hip muscle strength, groin pain, and self-reported function appear to remain stable throughout the season in male ice hockey players. Remaining impairments in players with problems in the previous season suggest that function does not recover by ice hockey participation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wörner
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Center for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frida Eek
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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The Burden and Risk Factors of Patellar and Achilles Tendinopathy in Youth Basketball: A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189480. [PMID: 34574403 PMCID: PMC8470990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the burden and risk factors of patellar and Achilles tendinopathy among youth basketball players. Patellar and Achilles tendinopathy were prospectively monitored in 515 eligible male and female youth basketball players (11–18 years) through a competitive season. Overall, the season prevalence of patellar tendinopathy was 19.0% (95% CI: 15.7–22.7%), 23.2% (95% CI: 18.6–28.2%) in males and 12.5% (95% CI: 8.3–17.9%) in females. The season prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy was 4.3% (95% CI: 2.7–6.4%), 4.1% (95% CI: 2.2–7.0%) in males and 4.5% (95% CI: 2.1–8.4%) in females. Median proportion of symptoms duration was 83% of average total weeks of basketball exposure for patellar tendinopathy and 75% for Achilles tendinopathy. Median time to patellar tendinopathy onset was 8 weeks for male players and 6 weeks for female players. Higher odds of patellar tendinopathy risk were seen in males (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.10–4.69) and players with previous anterior knee pain had significantly elevated odds (OR: 8.5, 95% CI: 4.58–16.89). The burden and risk of patellar tendinopathy is high among competitive youth basketball players. Risk factors include sex and previous anterior knee pain. These findings provide directions for practice and future research.
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Breen D, Farrell G, Delahunt E. The clinical assessment of hip muscle strength in professional rugby union players. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:115-120. [PMID: 34481341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Groin/hip injuries are prevalent in rugby union (RU). Assessment of hip muscle strength is important when designing bespoke injury prevention and rehabilitation programmes. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to determine normative values of hip muscle strength in elite-level RU players. A secondary aim of this study was to compare the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) between players with and without a history of groin/hip injury. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Professional RU club. PARTICIPANTS 58 male professional RU players competing in the PRO14 league elite club level competition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Handheld dynamometry eccentric strength values of hip abduction (ABD), adduction (ADD), internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER), HAGOS. RESULTS Players' dominant (DOM) and non-dominant (NDOM) hip strength values were, 2.38 and 2.34 N m/kg for ABD, 2.79 and 2.71 N m/kg for ADD, 2.69 and 2.55 N m/kg for IR, and 2.65 and 2.54 N m/kg for ER. ADD:ABD strength ratio was 1.17 ± 0.26 for the DOM limb and 1.16 ± 0.24 for the NDOM limb. There was no clinically significant difference in strength between players' DOM and NDOM limbs. Players with a history of groin/hip injury scored lower on four of the HAGOS subscales (pain; symptoms; sport; quality of life) compared to those without a history of groin/hip injury. CONCLUSIONS This study may help establish normative hip strength and HAGOS values for elite-level RU players. The results presented have important implications for the assessment of hip muscle strength and could provide clinical markers for return-to-play following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Breen
- The Performance Team MCFC Academy, Manchester City FC, CFA Etihad Campus, 400 Ashton New Road, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Garreth Farrell
- Medical Department, Leinster Rugby, Newstead Building A, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Serner A, Hölmich P, Arnaiz J, Tol JL, Thorborg K, Weir A. One-Year Clinical and Imaging Follow-up After Exercise-Based Treatment for Acute Complete Adductor Longus Tendon Avulsions in Athletes: A Prospective Case Series. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:3004-3013. [PMID: 34161743 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211015996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete avulsions of the adductor longus tendon are serious injuries, yet we have few data to inform clinical decisions on management. Previous studies are limited by a lack of detailed follow-up. PURPOSE To describe detailed clinical and imaging measures 1 year after complete proximal adductor longus avulsion injuries in athletes who received exercise-based treatment. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS A total of 16 adult male competitive athletes were included in this study <7 days after an acute adductor longus tendon avulsion injury. All athletes were advised to complete a supervised standardized criterion-based rehabilitation protocol. Standardized clinical examination, a modified Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O), and detailed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment were performed after inclusion, on the day of completion of the treatment protocol (return to sport), and at 1-year follow-up after injury. RESULTS One player was lost to follow-up. Median return-to-sport time was 69 days (interquartile range [IQR], 62-84). One player had an early reinjury and performed an additional rehabilitation period. One-year follow-up was completed a median from 405 days (IQR, 372-540) after injury. The median HAGOS score was 100 for all subscales (IQRs from 85-100 to 100-100), and the median OSTRC-O score was 0 (IQR, 0-0). The median range of motion symmetry was 100% (IQR, 97%-130%) for the bent-knee fall-out test and 102% (IQR, 99%-105%) for the side-lying abduction test. Side-lying eccentric adduction strength symmetry was 92% ± 13% (mean ± SD), and median supine eccentric adduction strength symmetry was 93% (IQR, 89%-105%). MRI results at 1-year follow-up showed that from the original complete discontinuity in all cases, 10 athletes (71%) had partial tendon continuity, and 4 (29%) had complete tendon continuity. CONCLUSION Nonsurgically treated athletes with a complete acute adductor longus avulsion returned to sport in 2 to 3 months. At the 1-year follow-up after injury, athletes had high self-reported function, no performance limitations, normal adductor strength and range of motion, and signs of partial or full tendon continuity as shown on MRI. This indicates that the primary treatment for athletes with acute adductor longus tendon avulsions should be nonsurgical as the time to return to sport is short, there are good long-term results, and there is no risk of surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Serner
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Per Hölmich
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Javier Arnaiz
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Amsterdam IOC Center, Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Medical and Performance Department, AFC Ajax, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Adam Weir
- Erasmus MC Center for Groin Injuries, Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Sport Medicine and Exercise Clinic Haarlem (SBK), Haarlem, the Netherlands
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Jones S, Mullen R, Clair Z, Wrigley R, Andersen TE, Williams M. Field based lower limb strength tests provide insight into sprint and change of direction ability in academy footballers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2178-2186. [PMID: 34418145 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Conducting field-based strength assessments is embedded within football academy development processes. Yet, there is a limited understanding of how hip and groin strength assessments relate to vital game-based tasks such as sprinting and change of direction (COD) performance. Our aim was to explore field-based strength assessments and their relationships with both sprint and COD performance in male academy footballers. Participants (n = 146; age 14.2 ± 2.2 years; stature 166.3 ± 15.4 cm; body mass 55.6 ± 15.6 kg) performed maximal countermovement jump (CMJ), Nordic hamstring strength (NHS), isometric hip adductor (ADD)/abductor (ABD), 5 m, 10 m, 20 m sprints, and modified 505 agility test. All strength measures were allometrically scaled to account for body weight. Between-limb differences were reported as imbalance scores. Principal component analysis reduced sprint and COD variables to a single "running ability" component score. Scaled strength and imbalance, when controlled for age, were associated with "running ability" (adjusted R2 = 0.78, p < 0.001). Significant effects on "running ability" included the following: age, CMJ impulse, NHS, and hip-ADD. When the sprint and COD variables were explored independently, age and CMJ-impulse were featured in all sprint and COD models. For 10 m and 20 m sprint distances, hip-ADD emerged as a significant effect. Mean 505 performance was explained by age, CMJ-impulse, hip-ADD, but also with the addition of NHS. Our findings suggest that insight into the underpinning strength qualities of "running ability" of academy footballers can be obtained from a suite of field-based tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jones
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom.,VBV De Graafschap Youth Academy, VBV De Graafschap Football Club, Doetinchem, Netherlands.,Hubei I-star Youth Academy, Hubei I-star Football Club, Wuhan, China
| | - Rich Mullen
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Clair
- Blackburn Rovers Ladies Football Club, Blackburn, United Kingdom
| | - Russ Wrigley
- Blackburn Rovers Youth Academy, Blackburn Rovers Football Club, Blackburn, United Kingdom
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morgan Williams
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
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35
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Larruskain J, Lekue JA, Martin-Garetxana I, Barrio I, McCall A, Gil SM. Injuries are negatively associated with player progression in an elite football academy. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:405-414. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1943756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Lekue
- Medical Services, Athletic Club, Lezama, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Imanol Martin-Garetxana
- Medical Services, Athletic Club, Lezama, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Irantzu Barrio
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alan McCall
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | - Susana M. Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Saito M, Niga S, Nihei T, Uomizu M, Ikezawa Y, Tsukada S. The cleft sign may be an independent factor of magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with a delayed return-to-play time in athletes with groin pain. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:1474-1482. [PMID: 33452578 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and define prognostic factors of the return-to-play time in young athletes with groin pain. METHODS A total of 1091 consecutive athletes were retrospectively screened; 651 athletes, aged 16-40 years, with pain in the groin regions were assessed using MRI. Of these athletes, 356 were included for analysing the time to return-to-play. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations between the time to return-to-play (primary outcome variable) and the following variables: age, sex, body mass index, type of sports, Hip Sports Activity Scale, clear trauma history, and 12 MRI findings. RESULTS Four MRI findings, including cleft sign, pubic bone marrow oedema of both the superior and inferior ramus, and central disc protrusion of the pubic symphysis, appeared together in more than 44% of the cases. The median time to return-to-play was 24.7 weeks for athletes with a cleft sign on MRI, which was significantly longer than the 11.9 weeks for athletes without the sign. The median time to return-to-play was 20.8 weeks for athletes with BMI > 24, which was significantly longer than the 13.6 weeks for athletes with BMI ≦ 24. In multiple linear regression analysis of 356 athletes, in whom hip-related groin pain was excluded, and who were followed-up until the return-to-play, the body mass index and cleft sign were the independent factors associated with a delayed return-to-play. In contrast, iliopsoas muscle strain and other muscle injuries were associated with a shorter return-to-play. CONCLUSIONS Multiple MRI findings were present in almost half of all cases. Body mass index and the cleft sign were independently associated with a delayed return-to-play time in young athletes suffering from groin pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Sadao Niga
- JIN Orthopaedic & Sports Clinic, 3-10-7 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-0013, Japan.
| | - Tadahiro Nihei
- JIN Orthopaedic & Sports Clinic, 3-10-7 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-0013, Japan
| | - Mari Uomizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nerima General Hospital, 1-24-1 Asahigaoka, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 176-8530, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikezawa
- JIN Orthopaedic & Sports Clinic, 3-10-7 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 338-0013, Japan
| | - Sachiyuki Tsukada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokusuikai Kinen Hospital, 3-2-1 Higashihara, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0035, Japan
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van Klij P, Langhout R, van Beijsterveldt AMC, Stubbe JH, Weir A, Agricola R, Fokker Y, Mosler AB, Waarsing JH, Verhaar J, Tak I. Do hip and groin muscle strength and symptoms change throughout a football season in professional male football players? A prospective cohort study with repeated measures. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:1123-1129. [PMID: 33888428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Groin injuries are common in professional male football and result in significant complaints, time-loss and cost. We aimed to study: 1. Normal values of hip muscle strength and self-reported hip and groin function (Hip And Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS)). 2. Changes in these values throughout the season. 3. If previous (groin) injuries, leg dominance or league were associated with these outcome measures. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS 313 professional male football players (11 clubs) participated. Player characteristics and previous injuries were registered. Hip muscle strength (hand-held dynamometer) and HAGOS measurements were done at the start, middle and end of the season. RESULTS Data from 217 players were analysed. Adduction strength (mean±standard deviation, Nm/Kg) was 3.40±0.72 (start), 3.30±0.65 (mid) and 3.39±0.74 (end) (p=0.186). Abduction strength was 3.45±0.67, 3.14±0.57 and 3.28±0.61 (p<0.001). Adduction/abduction ratio was 1.00±0.21, 1.07±0.22 and 1.05±0.23 (p<0.001). Statistically, the HAGOS-subscale 'Pain' (median [interquartile range]) deteriorated slightly during the season (p=0.005), especially from mid-season (97.5 [90.6-100.0]) to end-of-season (95.0 [87.5-100.0]) (p=0.003). Other subscale scores remained unchanged between time points; 85.7 (symptoms), 100.0 (daily living), 96.9 (sports and recreation) 100.0, (physical activities) and 90.0 (quality of life). Previous injuries were associated with lower HAGOS-scores. Dominant legs had higher abduction strength (p<0.001) and lower adduction/abduction ratio (p<0.001). No differences between leagues were found for hip muscle strength and HAGOS-scores. CONCLUSIONS In Dutch male professional football players, hip muscle strength and HAGOS-scores remained relatively stable throughout the season. Pain increased slightly, which while statistically significant, was not clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Klij
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - R Langhout
- Physiotherapy Dukenburg Nijmegen, Department Manual Therapy and Sports Rehabilitation, The Netherlands; Academic Centre for Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), The Netherlands
| | | | - J H Stubbe
- Codarts, University of the Arts, The Netherlands; Performing Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), The Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Weir
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar; Sports Medicine and Exercise Clinic Haarlem (SBK), The Netherlands
| | - R Agricola
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Y Fokker
- Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Centre for Applied Research in Sports and Nutrition, The Netherlands
| | - A B Mosler
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - J H Waarsing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - J Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - I Tak
- Academic Centre for Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), The Netherlands; Physiotherapy Utrecht Oost - Sports Rehabilitation and Manual Therapy Clinic, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS)/IOC Research Centre of Excellence, The Netherlands
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38
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Benson LC, Owoeye OBA, Räisänen AM, Stilling C, Edwards WB, Emery CA. Magnitude, Frequency, and Accumulation: Workload Among Injured and Uninjured Youth Basketball Players. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:607205. [PMID: 33889842 PMCID: PMC8056300 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.607205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Overuse injuries are common in basketball. Wearable technology enables the workload to be monitored in sport settings. However, workload-injury models lack a biological basis both in the metrics recorded and how workload is accumulated. We introduce a new metric for monitoring workload: weighted jump height, where each jump height is weighted to represent the expected effect of the jump magnitude on damage to the tendon. The objectives of this study were to use principal components analysis to identify distinct modes of variation in all workload metrics accumulated over 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks and to examine differences among the modes of variation in workload metrics between participants before the injury and uninjured participants. Forty-nine youth basketball players participated in their typical basketball practices and games, and lower extremity injuries were classified as patellar or Achilles tendinopathy, other overuse, or acute. An inertial measurement unit recorded the number and height of all jumps, and session rating of perceived exertion was recorded. The previous 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week workloads of jump count, jump height, weighted jump height, and session rating of perceived exertion were summed for each participant-week. Principal components analysis explained the variance in the accumulated workload variables. Using the retained principal components, the difference between the workload of injured participants in the week before the injury and the mean workload of uninjured participants was described for patellar or Achilles tendinopathy, overuse lower extremity injury, and any lower extremity injury. Participants with patellar or Achilles tendinopathy and overuse lower extremity injuries had a low workload magnitude for all variables in the 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks before injury compared with the weeks before no injury. Participants with overuse lower extremity injuries and any lower extremity injury had a high previous 1-week workload for all variables along with a low previous 3- and 4-week jump count, jump height, and weighted jump height before injury compared with the weeks before no injury. Weighted jump height represents the cumulative damage experienced by tissues due to repetitive loads. Injured youth basketball athletes had a low previous 3- and 4-week workloads coupled with a high previous 1-week workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Benson
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anu M. Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, United States
| | - Carlyn Stilling
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - W. Brent Edwards
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A. Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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DeLang MD, Garrison JC, Thorborg K. Screening to Detect Hip and Groin Problems in Elite Adolescent Football (Soccer) Players - Friend or Foe? Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:591-593. [PMID: 33842054 PMCID: PMC8016431 DOI: 10.26603/001c.21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury prevention strategies in team settings should not overlook early detection and secondary prevention. Monitoring systems may be an effective approach to detect common and troublesome injuries, such as hip and groin pain in football (soccer) players. The purpose of this International Perspective is to share our experiences with monitoring hip and groin pain in youth academy football and discuss challenges that surfaced. We consider why players may not accurately report pain, their perceptions of groin pain, and whether all groin pain is clinically meaningful. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen
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40
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Dupré T, Tryba J, Potthast W. Muscle activity of cutting manoeuvres and soccer inside passing suggests an increased groin injury risk during these movements. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7223. [PMID: 33790373 PMCID: PMC8012386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutting manoeuvres and inside passing are thought to increase the risk of sustaining groin injuries. But both movements have received little research attention in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity of adductor longus and gracilis as well as hip and knee joint kinematics during \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$90^{\circ }$$\end{document}90∘-cutting and inside passing. Thirteen male soccer players were investigated with 3D-motion capturing and surface electromyography of adductor longus and gracilis while performing the two movements. Hip and knee joint kinematics were calculated with AnyBody Modelling System. Muscle activity of both muscles was significantly higher during the cutting manoeuvre compared to inside passing. Kinematics showed that the highest activity occurred during phases of fast muscle lengthening and eccentric contraction of the adductors which is known to increase the groin injury risk. Of both movements, cutting showed the higher activity and is therefore more likely to cause groin injuries. However, passing might also increase the risk for groin injuries as it is one of the most performed actions in soccer, and therefore most likely causes groin injuries through overuse. Practitioners need to be aware of these risks and should prepare players accordingly through strength and flexibility training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dupré
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Julian Tryba
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Potthast
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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Esteve E, Casals M, Saez M, Rathleff MS, Clausen MB, Vicens-Bordas J, Hölmich P, Pizzari T, Thorborg K. Past-season, pre-season and in-season risk assessment of groin problems in male football players: a prospective full-season study. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:484-489. [PMID: 33692032 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed past-season, pre-season and in-season risk factors to investigate their association with an in-season groin problem in male amateur football players. METHODS Past-season groin-pain information and pre-season short-lever and long-lever adductor squeeze strength were obtained at baseline, together with anthropometrics (weight, lower limb lever length) and player age. In-season hip-related and groin-related sporting function was monitored every 4 weeks using the Sports and Recreation (Sport) subscale from the Hip And Groin Outcome Score questionnaire (HAGOS (Sport)). Groin problems, including time-loss groin injuries and groin pain irrespective of time loss, were collected over a 39-week competitive in-season. We estimated relative risk (RR), and 95% credibility interval (ICr) from logistic regressions fitted in a Bayesian framework. RESULTS Players (n=245) suffering from groin pain during the past-season had 2.4 times higher risk of experiencing a groin problem in the new season (2.40 RR; 95% ICr 1.5 to 3.7). This risk was reduced by 35% (0.65 RR; 95% ICr 0.42 to 0.99) per unit (N·m/kg) increase in the long-lever adductor squeeze test. Player age, short-lever squeeze test and the HAGOS (Sport) scores were not associated with the risk of a groin problem. CONCLUSIONS Past-season groin pain increased the risk of a groin problem in the new in-season. This risk was reduced by higher pre-season long-lever adductor squeeze strength. Past-season groin-pain information and long-lever adductor squeeze strength can be quickly obtained during pre-season to identify players with an elevated risk of in-season groin problems. This may be key to reduce these problems in the new season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Esteve
- Universtiy School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marti Casals
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Catalunya, Spain.,Servicios Médicos, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health, GRECS, University of Girona, Girona, Catalunya, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, North Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bek Clausen
- Sports Orthopaedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Hovedstaden, Denmark.,Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Jordi Vicens-Bordas
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Catalunya, Spain.,NEOMA Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Per Hölmich
- Sports Orthopaedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Tania Pizzari
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopaedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Hovedstaden, Denmark.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-Copenhagen (PMR-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark
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42
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Heerey J, Agricola R, Smith A, Kemp J, Pizzari T, King M, Lawrenson P, Scholes M, Crossley K. The Size and Prevalence of Bony Hip Morphology Do Not Differ Between Football Players With and Without Hip and/or Groin Pain: Findings From the FORCe Cohort. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:115-125. [PMID: 33356776 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.9622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the size and prevalence of bony hip morphology in football players with and without hip and/or groin pain. DESIGN Case-control. METHODS We recruited 184 soccer and Australian football players with self-reported hip and/or groin pain of greater than 6 months in duration and a positive flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (FADIR) test (290 hips, 21% women), and 55 football players with no pain and a negative FADIR test (110 hips, 26% women) as a control group. Bony hip morphology was identified by the alpha angle and lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) on anteroposterior pelvis and Dunn 45° radiographs. The alpha angle and LCEA were analyzed as continuous measures (size) and dichotomized using threshold values to determine the presence of bony hip morphology (cam, large cam, pincer, and acetabular dysplasia). Regression analyses estimated differences in the size and prevalence of bony hip morphology between football players with and without pain. RESULTS In all football players and in men, the size and prevalence of bony hip morphology did not differ between those with and without hip and/or groin pain. Cam morphology was evident in 63% of hips in players without pain and 71% of symptomatic hips in players with hip and/or groin pain. In female football players with hip and/or groin pain compared to those without pain, larger alpha angle values were observed on the Dunn 45° view (5.9°; 95% confidence interval: 1.2°, 10.6°; P = .014). CONCLUSION The size and prevalence of bony hip morphology appear to be similar in football players with and without hip and/or groin pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(3):115-125. Epub 25 Dec 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9622.
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Dooley K, Drew MK, Snodgrass SJ, Schultz A, McGann T, Blyton S, Pizzari T, Rio E, Donnan L, Edwards S. Male basketball players who report hip and groin pain perceive its negative impact both on- and off-court: A cross-sectional study. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:660-664. [PMID: 33707154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify if basketball players aged <20 years (U20) self-report hip and/or groin pain and if they perceive this as a problem. To determine potential differences in self-reported playing (training and match play) loads and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) between those with and without hip/groin pain. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Fifty-one pre-elite (state/national representative level) male U20 basketball players (Australian n=38; Italian n=13) self-reported current/historical hip/groin 'discomfort/pain' and 'problems', and playing loads. A two-factor regression model was fitted including main effects for hip/groin pain and Cohort and their interaction, with outcome variables playing loads and HAGOS subscale scores and dependent variable hip/groin pain. RESULTS Twenty-one players (41%) self-reported hip/groin 'discomfort/pain', of which nine perceived no 'problems'. Two of these nine players reported training/playing time loss due to pain. Those self-reporting hip/groin discomfort/pain scored lower than those without in HAGOS subscales Symptoms (mean difference in score 8.94; 95%CI -25.24, -5.97), Pain (5.00; -16.42, -2.81), Function in daily living (0.00; -26.72 to -5.59), Function in sport and recreation (6.25; -21.24, -5.33), and hip and/or groin Quality of Life (5.00; -28.63, -8.10), indicating worse hip/groin problems. Participation subscale scores were different only for Italian players (36.25; -51.25, -20.00), with players self-reporting hip/groin discomfort/pain scoring lower. CONCLUSION Most players who perceive both hip/groin 'discomfort/pain' and 'problems' also report training/playing time loss, suggesting players' perceptions of problematic symptoms and time-loss are associated. Adolescent basketball players perceive hip/groin pain to negatively impact their daily lives and sporting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dooley
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Michael K Drew
- Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia
| | | | - Adrian Schultz
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tye McGann
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sarah Blyton
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tania Pizzari
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Ebonie Rio
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Luke Donnan
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia
| | - Suzi Edwards
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
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Tabben M, Eirale C, Singh G, Al-Kuwari A, Ekstrand J, Chalabi H, Bahr R, Chamari K. Injury and illness epidemiology in professional Asian football: lower general incidence and burden but higher ACL and hamstring injury burden compared with Europe. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:18-23. [PMID: 33402346 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While football injury and illness epidemiology surveillance at professional club level in Europe is available, epidemiological data from other continents are lacking. PURPOSE Investigating injury and illness epidemiology in professional Asian football. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive prospective study. METHODS Professional teams from the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) league were followed prospectively for three consecutive AFC seasons (2017 through 2019, 13 teams per season, 322 team months). Time-loss injuries and illnesses in addition to individual match and training exposure were recorded using standardised digital tools in accordance with international consensus procedures. RESULTS In total, 232 665 hours of exposure (88.6% training and 11.4% matches) and 1159 injuries were recorded; 496 (42.8%) occurred during matches, 610 (52.6%) during training; 32 (2.8%) were reported as 'not applicable' and for 21 injuries (1.8%) information was missing. Injury incidence was significantly greater during match play (19.2±8.6 injuries per 1000 hours) than training (2.8±1.4, p<0.0001), resulting in a low overall incidence of 5.1±2.2.The injury burden for match injuries was greater than from training injuries (456±336 days per 1000 hours vs 54±34 days, p<0.0001). The two specific injuries causing the greatest burden were complete ACL ruptures (0.14 injuries (95% CI 0.9 to 0.19) and 29.8 days lost (29.1 to 30.5) per 1000 hours) and hamstring strains (0.86 injuries (0.74 to 0.99) and 17.5 days (17.0 to 18.1) lost per 1000 hours).Reinjuries constituted 9.9% of all injuries. Index injuries caused 22.6±40.8 days of absence compared with 25.1±39 for reinjuries (p=0.62). The 175 illnesses recorded resulted in 1.4±2.9 days of time loss per team per month. CONCLUSION Professional Asian football is characterised by an overall injury incidence similar to that reported from Europe, but with a high rate of ACL ruptures and hamstring injury, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gurcharan Singh
- Sports Medicine Unit, Asian Football Confederation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jan Ekstrand
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hakim Chalabi
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Esteve E, Rathleff MS, Hölmich P, Casals M, Clausen MB, Vicens-Bordas J, Pizzari T, Thorborg K. Groin problems from pre- to in-season: a prospective study on 386 male Spanish footballers. Res Sports Med 2020; 29:498-504. [PMID: 33317337 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1860044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the weekly prevalence of groin problems over a 3-week football pre-season, compared to a 39-week competitive in-season. We registered time-loss groin injuries, and self-reported weekly groin-pain in 17 amateur male football teams (386 players). The average weekly prevalence of groin problems (prevalence ratio (PR)) was 1.8 times higher (95% CI 1.6 to 2.0) during pre-season (21%) compared to in-season (12%). We found a higher weekly prevalence (PR 1.8; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.1) of groin problems without time loss, during the pre-season (19%) compared to the in-season (10%), but no significant difference in the weekly prevalence of groin problems with time loss (PR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.4). Attention should be given to optimal load progression, and early implementation of preventive measures during the football pre-season to reduce the prevalence of groin problems in both pre- and in-season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Esteve
- School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona, Salt, Spain.,Sportclínic, Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre, Girona, Spain
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Hölmich
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martí Casals
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barça Innovation Hub, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikkel Bek Clausen
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordi Vicens-Bordas
- Sportclínic, Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre, Girona, Spain.,Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Pizzari
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Jones S, Clair Z, Wrigley R, Mullen R, Andersen TE, Williams M. Strength development and non-contact lower limb injury in academy footballers across age groups. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:679-690. [PMID: 33247965 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-contact lower limb injuries are common in academy football. Yet, the impact these injuries have on strength development in academy footballers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of non-contact lower limb injury on hip, groin, and knee flexor strength development in male academy youth footballers. Furthermore, this study: reports normative strength data of emerging field-based tests that can be easily deployed in football academies; explores the effect of age on injury occurrence; and highlights the number of days lost from injury in male youth footballers. Assessments of hip adductor, abductor, and eccentric knee flexor strength were obtained from 195 academy football players during pre-season and at the end of season. In-season injuries were recorded by medical staff. Those footballers who sustained non-contact lower limb injury were compared with those who did not sustain a non-contact lower limb injury. No between-group differences were observed for any strength assessments when controlled for pre-season measures. Stronger footballers at pre-season experienced strength loses, while those weaker players gained strength across the season. Hip strength development was impaired in older age group footballers. Sustaining a non-contact lower limb injury had minimal impact on strength development. In the absence of in-season lower limb strength monitoring, development in academy youth footballers may not progress as expected, and in particular, stronger and older youth athletes may benefit from individualized strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jones
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Round Glass Punjab Football Club, Chandigarh, India
| | - Zoe Clair
- Blackburn Rovers Ladies Football Club, Blackburn, UK
| | - Russ Wrigley
- Blackburn Rovers Football Club Youth Academy, Blackburn, UK
| | - Rich Mullen
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Morgan Williams
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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Beddows TP, van Klij P, Agricola R, Tak IJ, Piscaer T, Verhaar JA, Weir A. Normal values for hip muscle strength and range of motion in elite, sub-elite and amateur male field hockey players. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 46:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Patel BH, Okoroha KR, Jildeh TR, Lu Y, Baker JD, Nwachukwu BU, Foster MG, Allen AA, Forsythe B. Adductor injuries in the National Basketball Association: an analysis of return to play and player performance from 2010 to 2019. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:450-457. [PMID: 32202444 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1746978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: 1) To evaluate return to play (RTP) timing in National Basketball Association (NBA) athletes following adductor injuries, and 2) to evaluate the effect of adductor injuries on player performance, game availability, and career longevity following RTP. Methods: Adductor injuries in NBA athletes from the 2009-2010 to 2018-2019 seasons were identified utilizing publicly available records via previously validated methodology. RTP time was calculated, and player performance and game availability were compared pre- vs. post-injury. Additionally, an injury-free control group matched for age, BMI, position, and experience was assembled to allow for comparisons in performance, availability, and career length. Results: In total, 79 adductor injuries across 65 NBA athletes were identified. The average injured player was 28.3 ± 4.0 years of age, and had 6.5 ± 4.2 seasons of NBA experience. Guards were injured more frequently than forwards or centers (49% vs 25% vs 25%, respectively). All players were able to RTP following first-time adductor injury after missing an average of 7.7 ± 9.8 games (median [IQR]: 4 [1-9]) and 16.9 ± 20.4 days (median [IQR]: 9 [3.5-20]). Twelve players (18.5%) suffered an adductor re-injury at a mean latency of 509.5 ± 503.9 days. Adductor injuries did not result in significant changes in any major statistical category (points, assists, rebounds, steals, blocks, turnovers, field goal percentage), player efficiency rating (PER), minutes/game, games/season, or a number of all-star selections (all P > 0.05) following RTP. Additionally, when compared to matched controls, no difference was found in pre- to post-injury change of PER, games/season, or minutes/game (all P > 0.05). Career longevity was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.44). Conclusion: Following adductor injury, NBA players returned to gameplay after missing an average of 16 to 17 days, or 7 to 8 games. Adductor injury did not affect player performance, nor game availability or career longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik H Patel
- Midwest Orthopaedics at RUSH, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelechi R Okoroha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Toufic R Jildeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yining Lu
- Midwest Orthopaedics at RUSH, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James D Baker
- Midwest Orthopaedics at RUSH, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benedict U Nwachukwu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell G Foster
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Answorth A Allen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Forsythe
- Midwest Orthopaedics at RUSH, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, IL, USA
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HIP AND GROIN PROBLEMS IN THE PREVIOUS SEASON ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED FUNCTION IN THE BEGINNING OF THE NEW SEASON AMONG PROFESSIONAL FEMALE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:763-769. [PMID: 33110695 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hip and groin problems are common in ice hockey but studies on professional female players are sparse. The available literature describes hip and groin problems by reporting incidence of time-loss injuries and may thereby underestimate the scope of these problems, which are often due to overuse and may not lead to absence from ice hockey participation. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the seasonal prevalence and severity of hip and groin problems in professional female ice hockey players. A further aim was to examine the relation between previous problems and self-reported function in the beginning of the new season. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Female ice hockey players from the highest league in Sweden [n=69 (19 goalkeepers, 18 defenders, 30 forwards)], responded to an online survey, retrospectively assessing the prevalence of hip and groin problems (time loss and non-time loss) and their duration during the previous season. Furthermore, players reported current self-reported function on the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Results Two thirds of the players experienced hip and groin problems during the previous season [62.3% (N=43)]. A quarter of the players experienced a hip and groin problem leading to time loss [26.1% (N=18)]. The majority of problems were of short (1-2 weeks) or medium (3-5 weeks) duration [29% (N=20) of players, respectively], while longstanding problems ( ≥ 6 weeks) were rare [4,4% (N=3)]. Players that retrospectively reported hip and groin problems during the previous season reported statistically significant impairments on all HAGOS subscales in the beginning of the new season (p ≤ 0.011). Conclusion Hip and groin problems are prevalent in professional female ice hockey players, experienced by 62% during the previous season with resulting time-loss in 26.1%. Reported problems were rarely of longstanding nature, but players who reported problems in the previous season had significantly impaired hip and groin function in the beginning of the new season. Even though results of this study are based on retrospective player reports this may be a first step toward a greater understanding of the true burden of hip and groin players in professional female ice hockey players. Level of evidence 3b.
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Owoeye OBA, VanderWey MJ, Pike I. Reducing Injuries in Soccer (Football): an Umbrella Review of Best Evidence Across the Epidemiological Framework for Prevention. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:46. [PMID: 32955626 PMCID: PMC7505904 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Expectedly, the incidence of soccer-related injuries is high and these injuries exert a significant burden on individuals and families, including health and financial burdens, and on the socioeconomic and healthcare systems. Using established injury prevention frameworks, we present a concise synthesis of the most recent scientific evidence regarding injury rates, characteristics, mechanisms, risk and protective factors, interventions for prevention, and implementation of interventions in soccer. In this umbrella review, we elucidate the most recent available evidence gleaned primarily from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Further, we express the exigent need to move current soccer injury prevention research evidence into action for improved player outcomes and widespread impact through increased attention to dissemination and implementation research. Additionally, we highlight the importance of an enabling context and effective implementation strategies for the successful integration of evidence-based injury prevention programs into real-world soccer settings. This narrative umbrella review provides guidance to inform future research, practice, and policy towards reducing injuries among soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Allied Health Professions Building, 3437 Caroline Street, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Mitchell J VanderWey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Allied Health Professions Building, 3437 Caroline Street, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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