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Agrez M, Rybchyn MS, De Silva WGM, Mason RS, Chandler C, Piva TJ, Thurecht K, Fletcher N, Liu F, Subramaniam G, Howard CB, Blyth B, Parker S, Turner D, Rzepecka J, Knox G, Nika A, Hall A, Gooding H, Gallagher L. An immunomodulating peptide to counteract solar radiation-induced immunosuppression and DNA damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11702. [PMID: 37474630 PMCID: PMC10359417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces immunosuppression and DNA damage, both of which contribute to the rising global incidence of skin cancer including melanoma. Nucleotide excision repair, which is activated upon UVR-induced DNA damage, is linked to expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) which serves to limit immunosuppression and augment the DNA repair process. Herein, we report an immunomodulating peptide, designated IK14800, that not only elicits secretion of IL-12, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) but also reduces DNA damage in the skin following exposure to UVR. Combined with re-invigoration of exhausted CD4+ T cells, inhibition of UVR-induced MMP-1 release and suppression of B16F10 melanoma metastases, IK14800 offers an opportunity to gain further insight into mechanisms underlying the development and progression of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Agrez
- InterK Peptide Therapeutics Limited, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Terrence J Piva
- Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristofer Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Feifei Liu
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gayathri Subramaniam
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Parker
- InterK Peptide Therapeutics Limited, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Gavin Knox
- Concept Life Sciences Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Andrew Hall
- Concept Life Sciences Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland
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UV-Induced Molecular Signaling Differences in Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 996:27-40. [PMID: 29124688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There are three major types of skin cancer: melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). BCC and SCC are often referred to as non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSCs are relatively non-lethal and curable by surgery, hence are not reportable in most cancer registries all over the world. Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. Its incidence rate (case number) is about 1/10th of that for NMSC, yet its death toll is ~8 fold higher than NMSC.Melanomas arise from melanocytes which are normally located on the basement membrane with dendrites extending into the epidermal keratinocytes. A major known function of melanocytes is to produce pigments which are enclosed by lipid membrane (termed melanosomes) and distribute them into keratinocytes, thus give different shade of skin colors. BCCs arise from basal cells, which are a layer of cells located at the deepest part of epidermis. Basal cells are recently considered to be skin stem cells as they are constantly proliferating and generating keratinocytes which are continuously pushed to the surface and eventually become a dead layer of stratum corneum. Squamous cells are the keratinocytes which resembles fish scale shape, ie, those initiated from basal cells and differentiated into squamous cells. Both basal cells and squamous cells belong to keratinocytes, therefore sometimes BCC and SCC are termed keratinocyte cancer.These three types of cancer share many characteristics, yet they are very different from etiology to progression. One shared characteristic of skin cancer is that, according to the current views, they all are caused by solar or artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVA and UVB from solar UVR are the major UV bands reaching the earth surface. Both UV types cause DNA damage and immune suppression which play crucial roles in skin carcinogenesis. UVB can be directly absorbed by DNA molecules and thus causes UV-signature DNA damages; UVA, on the other hand, may function through inducing cellular ROS which then causes oxidative DNA damages [1-4]. This chapter will discuss the molecular signaling differences of UVR in melanoma and NMSC.
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Kaneider NC, Kaser A, Tilg H, Ricevuti G, Wiedermann CJ. CD40 Ligand-Dependent Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Activated Platelets. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 16:225-31. [PMID: 14611725 DOI: 10.1177/039463200301600307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is defined as an inflammatory immunological disease that is triggered by platelet activation, endothelial injury and consequent innate and adaptive immune processes. Dendritic cells are critical for the cell-mediated arm of the immune response as they activate naïve T cells after maturation. Platelets play a crucial role in thrombus formation in the injured vessel walls. We investigated the role of resting and thrombin-activated platelets in dendritic cell maturation in vitro using platelets and monocyte-derived dendritic cells from healthy donors. Resting platelet supernatants did not affect maturation, whereas supernatants from thrombin-activated platelets induced dendritic cell maturation as demonstrated by FACS analysis of HLA-DR expression. This effect was inhibited by anti CD40 ligand antibody, but not by aspirin pretreatment of platelets. Supernatants of platelet-dendritic cell co-cultures induced augmented monocyte migration when platelets were activated by thrombin, again reversible by blocking CD40 ligand. These data show that activated platelets trigger dendritic cell maturation independent of cyclooxygenase-derived arachidonic acid metabolites by mechanisms involving CD40 ligand, which is also involved in monocyte chemotactic mediator release from platelets and dendritic cells. The results of this study suggest a role of CD40 ligand from activated platelets in connecting innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Kaneider
- Dept Internal Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Kasahara S, Cooper EL. Nervous, endocrine, immune systems as a target for complementary and alternative medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2005; 546:405-23. [PMID: 15584388 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4820-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kasahara
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Box 951763, Los Angeles, California 90095-1763, USA.
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Frydas S, Papazahariadou M, Papaioannou N, Hatzistilianou M, Trakatellis M, Merlitti D, Di Gioacchino M, Grilli A, DeLutiis MA, Riccioni G, Conti P, Vlemmas I. Effect of the compound L-mimosine in an in vivo model of chronic granuloma formation induced by potassium permanganate (KMNO4). Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2003; 16:99-104. [PMID: 12797899 DOI: 10.1177/039463200301600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant amino acid L-mimosine has recently been suggested to inhibit cells at a regulatory step in late G1 phase before establishment of active DNA replication forks. In addition, L-mimosine is an extremely effective inhibitor of DNA replication in chromosomes of mammalian nuclei. In this work, the effect of L-mimosine on chronic inflammation induced by dorsal injections of 0.2 ml of a 1:40 saturated crystal solution of potassium permanganate in mice, was studied. Seven days afterwards, all mice developed a subcutaneous granulomatous tissue indicative of chronic inflammatory response at the site of infection. The intraperitoneal administration of L-mimosine (200 microg/dose) to the potassium permanganate treated mice for 5 consecutive days (the first at the same time of inoculation of the KMnO4), produced a significant decrease in size and weight of the granuloma when compared to mice not treated with L-mimosine (controls). In addition, in all mice treated with L-mimosine, there was a strong inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha that was revealed in the serum (P<0.05) and in the minced granulomas. Interleukin-6 was not detected in the serum of treated and untreated mice. These findings show for the first time, that L-mimosine may have an anti-inflammatory effect on chronic inflammation and an inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 generation in supernatant fluids of minced granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frydas
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 540 06, Greece.
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Kasahara S, Bosch TCG. Enhanced antibacterial activity in Hydra polyps lacking nerve cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 27:79-85. [PMID: 12543122 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system evolved within cnidarians. When assessing antibacterial activity in the freshwater polyp Hydra, we observed a strong correlation between the number of neurons present and the antibacterial activity. Tissue lacking neurons had a drastically enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria compared to control tissue. The results indicate direct and strong neural influences on immunity in the phylogenetically oldest animals having a nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kasahara
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Neurobiology, UCLA Medical Center, 90095-1763, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Faraone A, Petrucci M, Paludi D, Aceto A, Dainelli B. Purification and characterisation of two GST's forms from Rhizobium leguminosarum with a high affinity to herbicides. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2003; 16:55-60. [PMID: 12578732 DOI: 10.1177/039463200301600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic glutathione transferases are a family of multifunctional proteins that catalyse the conjugation of GSH to a large variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. These enzymes have been widely studied in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in plants. In plants, GSTs can detoxify herbicides; they are also induced by pathogenic infection and are likely to be involved in defence responses. GSTs are found in pathogenic and not pathogenic prokaryotes but the functional role played by these enzymes in the cell still remains to be clarified. Here we report the purification and characterisation of two GST forms from Rhizobium leguminosarum that play a very important role in agriculture by inducing nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of legumes. These bacterial GSTs from R. leguminosarum have immunological characteristics that are different among them and they are characterised both by a high affinity to herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faraone
- Department of Scienze del Farmaco, Faculty of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Frydas S, Madhappan B, Kempuraj D. Some aspects of Parasitology and Immunology in general Medicine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2002; 15:165-170. [PMID: 12575916 DOI: 10.1177/039463200201500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of these studies is to review the role of some parasites and their components in inflammation, allergy and immune system. We also report recent results published by others group as well as our own.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Frydas
- Parasitology Dept. Veterinary Faculty, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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