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Agrez M, Chandler C, Thurecht KJ, Fletcher NL, Liu F, Subramaniam G, Howard CB, Blyth B, Parker S, Turner D, Rzepecka J, Knox G, Nika A, Hall AM, Gooding H, Gallagher L. An immunomodulating peptide with potential to suppress tumour growth and autoimmunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19741. [PMID: 37957274 PMCID: PMC10643673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers and autoimmune diseases commonly co-exist and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) exacerbates autoimmune pathologies. We recently described a lipidic peptide, designated IK14004, that promotes expansion of immunosuppressive T regulatory (Treg) cells and uncouples interleukin-2 from interferon-gamma production while activating CD8+ T cells. Herein, we report IK14004-mediated inhibition of Lewis lung cancer (LLC) growth and re-invigoration of splenocyte-derived exhausted CD4+ T cells. In human immune cells from healthy donors, IK14004 modulates expression of the T cell receptor α/β subunits, induces Type I IFN expression, stimulates natural killer (NK) cells to express NKG2D/NKp44 receptors and enhances K562 cytotoxicity. In both T and NK cells, IK14004 alters the IL-12 receptor β1/β2 chain ratio to favour IL-12p70 binding. Taken together, this novel peptide offers an opportunity to gain further insight into the complexity of ICI immunotherapy so that autoimmune responses may be minimised without promoting tumour evasion from the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Agrez
- InterK Peptide Therapeutics Limited, New South Wales, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Feifei Liu
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gayathri Subramaniam
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Department of Oncology,, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Parker
- InterK Peptide Therapeutics Limited, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Gavin Knox
- Concept Life Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Agrez M, Rybchyn MS, De Silva WGM, Mason RS, Chandler C, Piva TJ, Thurecht K, Fletcher N, Liu F, Subramaniam G, Howard CB, Blyth B, Parker S, Turner D, Rzepecka J, Knox G, Nika A, Hall A, Gooding H, Gallagher L. An immunomodulating peptide to counteract solar radiation-induced immunosuppression and DNA damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11702. [PMID: 37474630 PMCID: PMC10359417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces immunosuppression and DNA damage, both of which contribute to the rising global incidence of skin cancer including melanoma. Nucleotide excision repair, which is activated upon UVR-induced DNA damage, is linked to expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) which serves to limit immunosuppression and augment the DNA repair process. Herein, we report an immunomodulating peptide, designated IK14800, that not only elicits secretion of IL-12, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) but also reduces DNA damage in the skin following exposure to UVR. Combined with re-invigoration of exhausted CD4+ T cells, inhibition of UVR-induced MMP-1 release and suppression of B16F10 melanoma metastases, IK14800 offers an opportunity to gain further insight into mechanisms underlying the development and progression of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Agrez
- InterK Peptide Therapeutics Limited, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Terrence J Piva
- Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristofer Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Feifei Liu
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gayathri Subramaniam
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and the ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Parker
- InterK Peptide Therapeutics Limited, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Gavin Knox
- Concept Life Sciences Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Andrew Hall
- Concept Life Sciences Limited, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Khishamuddin NA, Wong LS, Chai MK, Subramaniam G. Photosynthetic Microorganisms Consortium as Bioindicators for Heavy Metals. Nat Env Poll Tech 2022. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2022.v21i02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals that are discharged through industrial and agricultural activities cause contamination, especially to the water sources, and bring about negative impacts on the flora and fauna in the ecosystem. The monitoring of heavy metals in the environment requires high technical skills with sophisticated equipment and is also time-consuming. In this study, the potential of using natural photosynthetic microorganism consortiums collected from natural water bodies as bioindicators for the screening of heavy metals was explored. The photosynthetic microorganism consortiums were first cultured in lab, immobilized, and then exposed to different heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni and Co) at different concentrations (0.01 mg.L-1, 0.05 mg.L-1, 0.10 mg.L-1, 0.50 mg.L-1, 1.00 mg.L-1 and 5.00 mg.L-1). The fluorometric responses before and after the exposure to heavy metals were measured. The results revealed that consortium cells responded to a wide range of heavy metals within a short period of exposure. The responses showed that the consortium cells can detect the presence of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Co within the range of 0.05-5.00 mg.L-1. The study confirmed that the photosynthetic microorganism consortiums collected from natural water bodies could be used as bioindicators for the screening of heavy metals.
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Magatha LS, Scott JX, Subramaniam G, Chandrasekaran T, Paul SFD, Koshy T. Cytogenetic and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Profile of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a University Hospital in South India. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:563-570. [PMID: 34348305 PMCID: PMC8739856 DOI: 10.1159/000518280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) profile in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), referred to a university hospital in a 5-year 6-month period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow aspirate specimens of 91 patients was performed by standard Giemsa (G)-banding and interphase FISH (iFISH). RESULTS The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities detected by G-banding was 29.5%, and the frequency of nonrandom abnormalities with independent prognostic significance identified by iFISH was 46.4%. The abnormality with the highest frequency was gain of RUNX1 (n = 18, 21.4%), followed by ETV6/RUNX1 fusion (n = 7, 8.3%), and gain of KMT2A (n = 6, 7.1%). Additionally, rarely reported gains of ETV6, PBX1, and ABL1 were observed at a frequency of 6% (n = 5), and the deletion of ETV6 and TCF3 was seen at a frequency of 3.6% (n = 3) and 2.3% (n = 2), respectively. A 10-year old with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS This study strengthens and widens the current knowledge of the cytogenetic landscape of pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Sneha Magatha
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Gayathri Subramaniam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Thirugnanasambandan Chandrasekaran
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Teena Koshy
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- *Teena Koshy,
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Subramaniam S, Rajendran N, Muralidharan SB, Subramaniam G, Raju R, Sivasubramanian A. Dual role of select plant based nutraceuticals as antimicrobial agents to mitigate food borne pathogens and as food preservatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual role of commercially important nutraceuticals from plants that potentiate the therapeutic effect of commercial antibiotics to combat food pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ravikumar Raju
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur 613402
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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6
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Tan SJ, Lim KH, Subramaniam G, Kam TS. Macroline-sarpagine and macroline-pleiocarpamine bisindole alkaloids from Alstonia angustifolia. Phytochemistry 2013; 85:194-202. [PMID: 22995929 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nine bisindole alkaloids, comprising four belonging to the macroline-sarpagine group, and five belonging to the macroline-pleiocarpamine group, were isolated from the stem-bark extracts of Alstonia angustifolia (Apocynacea). Their structures were established using NMR and MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jowl Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan SJ, Subramaniam G, Thomas NF, Kam TS. Unusual nitrogenous derivatives from Alstonia. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:739-742. [PMID: 22816296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new nitrogenous compounds were isolated from the Malayan Alstonia angustifolia and their structures determined based on interpretation of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jowl Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Tan SJ, Subramaniam G, Thomas NF, Kam TS. Unusual Nitrogenous Derivatives from Alstonia. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new nitrogenous compounds were isolated from the Malayan Alstonia angustifolia and their structures determined based on interpretation of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jowl Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G. Subramaniam
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 180 Ang Mo Kio Ave 8, Singapore 569830
| | - Noel F. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Toh-Seok Kam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fung WT, Subramaniam G, Lee J, Loh HM, Leung PHH. Assessment of extracts from red yeast rice for herb-drug interaction by in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Sci Rep 2012; 2:298. [PMID: 22389767 PMCID: PMC3291881 DOI: 10.1038/srep00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Red yeast rice (RYR) is made by fermenting the yeast Monascus purpureus over rice. It is a source of natural red food colorants, a food garnish and a traditional medication. Results of the current study demonstrated that polar fractions of the RYR preparations contained herbal-drug interaction activity, which if left unremoved, enhanced P-glycoprotein activity and inhibited the major drug metabolizing cytochromes P450, i,e, CYP 1A2, 2C9 and 3A4. The data from Caco-2 cell absorption and animal model studies further demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic modulation effect by RYR preparations containing the polar fractions ("untreated" preparation) was greater than that from RYR preparations with the polar fractions removed ("treated" preparation). The data indicates a potential for herb-drug interactions to be present in RYR commonly sold as nutritional supplements when the polar fractions are not removed and this should be taken into consideration when RYR is consumed with medications, including verapamil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai To Fung
- Eu Yan Sang - Nanyang Polytechnic Laboratory, Block P, 504, 180 AngMo Kio Avenue 8 Singapore 569830, Singapore
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10
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Subramaniam G, Achike FI, Mustafa MR. Characterizing the Mechanisms of Insulin Vasodilatation of Normal and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat Aorta. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53:333-40. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31819fd4a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kumari N, Subramaniam G, Navaratnam P, Sekaran SD. Molecular characterization of genes encoding the quinolone resistance determining regions of Malaysian Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:148-50. [PMID: 18445951 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.40529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding the quinolones resistance determining regions (QRDRs) in Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected by PCR and the sequence analysis was carried out to identify point mutations within these regions. The study was carried out to observe mutation patterns among S. pneumoniae strains in Malaysia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 100 isolates was determined against various antibiotics, out of which 56 strains were categorised to have reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (>or=2 microg/mL). These strains were subjected to PCR amplification for presence of the gyrA, parC , gyrB and parE genes. Eight representative strains with various susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones were sequenced. Two out of the eight isolates that were sequenced were shown to have a point mutation in the gyrA gene at position Ser81. The detection of mutation at codon Ser81 of the gyrA gene suggested the potential of developing fluoroquinolone resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates in Malaysia. However, further experimental work is required to confirm the involvement of this mutation in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia
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Kumari N, Subramaniam G, Navaratnam P, Sekaran SD. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GENES ENCODING THE QUINOLONE RESISTANCE DETERMINING REGIONS OF MALAYSIAN STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE STRAINS. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Subramaniam G, Choo YM, Hiraku O, Komiyama K, Kam TS. The alkaloids of the mersinine group: a new subclass of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Kopsia. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Subramaniam G, Hiraku O, Hayashi M, Koyano T, Komiyama K, Kam TS. Biologically active aspidofractinine alkaloids from Kopsia singapurensis. J Nat Prod 2008; 71:53-57. [PMID: 18078327 DOI: 10.1021/np070401t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ten new indole alkaloids of the aspidofractinine type, in addition to several recently reported indole alkaloids and 20 other known alkaloids, were obtained from the leaf and stem-bark extract of the Malayan Kopsia singapurensis, viz., kopsimalines A-E (1-5), kopsinicine (6), kopsofinone (7), and kopsiloscines H-J (8-10). The structures of these alkaloids were determined using NMR and MS analysis. Kopsimalines A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), and E (5) and kopsiloscine J (10) were found to reverse multidrug-resistance in vincristine-resistant KB cells, with 1 showing the highest potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Subramaniam G, Hiraku O, Hayashi M, Koyano T, Komiyama K, Kam TS. Biologically active aspidofractinine, rhazinilam, akuammiline, and vincorine alkaloids from Kopsia. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:1783-1789. [PMID: 17939738 DOI: 10.1021/np0703747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new indole alkaloids, in addition to the previously reported rhazinal (1), and 14 other known alkaloids, were obtained from the Malayan Kopsia singapurensis, viz., kopsiloscines A-F (2-7), 16-epikopsinine (8), kopsilongine- N-oxide (9), 16-epiakuammiline (10), aspidophylline A (11), and vincophylline (12). The structures of these alkaloids were determined using NMR and MS analyses. Rhazinal (1), rhazinilam (17), and rhazinicine (18) showed appreciable cytotoxicity toward drug-sensitive as well as vincristine-resistant KB cells, while kopsiloscines A (2), B (3), and D (5) and aspidophylline A (11) were found to reverse drug-resistance in drug-resistant KB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Wong EH, Subramaniam G, Navaratnam P, Sekaran SD. RAPID DETECTION OF NON-ENTEROBACTERIACEAE DIRECTLY FROM POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURE USING FLUORESCENT IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Sekaran SD, Wong EH, Subramaniam G, Navaratnam P. Rapid detection of non-enterobacteriaceae directly from positive blood culture using fluorescent In situ hybridization. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25:391-4. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gebriel AM, Subramaniam G, Sekaran SD. The detection and characterization of pathogenic Leptospira and the use of OMPs as potential antigens and immunogens. Trop Biomed 2006; 23:194-207. [PMID: 17322822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of leptospires in patient blood in the first week of the disease using PCR provides an early diagnostic tool. PCR using two sets of primers (G1/G2 and B64-I/B64-II) tested with samples seeded with 23 leptospiral strains from pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains was able to amplify leptospiral DNA from pathogenic strains only. Of the 39 antibody negative samples collected from patients suspected for leptospirosis, only 1 sample (2.6%) was PCR positive. Using LSSP-PCR, the G2 primers allowed the characterization of Leptopira species to 10 different genetic signatures which may have epidemiological value in determining species involved in outbreaks. Leptospiral outer membrane proteins from three strains were purified and reacted against patients sera and gave rise to different profiles for pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Lymphocytes of mice injected with OMPs proliferated and released IFN(-3) when stimulated in vitro using Leptospira OMP as antigens. This suggests that an immune response could be established using leptospiral OMPs as a putative vaccine. OMPs were also used in a Dot-ELISA to detect antibodies against Leptospira pathogens in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gebriel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Subramaniam
- a Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , Hazleton , PA , 18201
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Subramaniam
- a Department of Chemistry , Penn State University , Hazleton , PA , 18201 , USA
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- b Chimie des Interactions Moleculaires , College de France , Paris , 75005 , France
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Subramaniam G, Palasubramaniam S, Navaratnam P. SHV-5 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in Malaysia. Indian J Med Microbiol 2006; 24:205-7. [PMID: 16912441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli isolates resistant to ceftazidime isolated in the University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between the years 1998 and 2000 were studied for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. All strains were analysed phenotypically and genotypically and found to be ESBL-producing organisms harbouring SHV-5 beta-lactamase. This was confirmed by PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequencing of the blaSHV amplified gene. As there was no evidence of ESBL activity in E. coli prior to this, coupled with the fact that there was a predominance of SHV-5 beta-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in UMMC, we postulate that the E. coli obtained the SHV-5 beta-lactamase genes by plasmid transfer from the ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Subramaniam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nurul Atifah MA, Loo HKC, Subramaniam G, Wong EH, Selvi P, Ho SE, Kamarulzaman A, Parasakthi N. Faecal prevalence of extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing coliforms in a geriatric population and among haematology patients. Malays J Pathol 2005; 27:75-81. [PMID: 17191389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins is increasingly reported worldwide. In the local setting, nosocomial infections with multi-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are not uncommon and are a growing concern. However, there is limited data on the carriage rates of such organisms in the local setting. In May 2001, a prospective study was carried out to determine the enteric carriage rates of ceftazidime-resistant Gram negative bacilli (CAZ-R GNB) among residents of nursing homes and from in-patients of the geriatric and adult haematology wards of University Malaya Medical Centre. Ceftazidime-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CAZ-R GNB) were detected in 25 samples (30%), out of which 6 were from nursing home residents, 5 from geriatric in-patients and 14 from the haematology unit. A total of 28 CAZ-R GNB were isolated and Escherichia coli (10) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7) were the predominant organisms. Resistance to ceftazidime in E. coli and Klebsiella was mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Although the majority of the CAZ-R GNB were from patients in the haematology ward, the six nursing home residents with CAZ-R GNB were enteric carriers of ESBL-producing coliforms. Prior exposure to antibiotics was associated with carriage of ESBL organisms and to a lesser extent, the presence of urinary catheters.
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Kam TS, Subramaniam G, Lim KH, Choo YM. Mersicarpine, an unusual tetracyclic dihydroindole alkaloid incorporating a seven-membered imine ring. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Subramaniam G. Theoretical study of nitrogen-nitrogen bond cleavage in 1,2-diaza compounds: evidence of anchimeric assistance leading to azaphenonium ion. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00059a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Subramaniam G, Paz MM, Suresh Kumar G, Das A, Palom Y, Clement CC, Patel DJ, Tomasz M. Solution structure of a guanine-N7-linked complex of the mitomycin C metabolite 2,7-diaminomitosene and DNA. Basis of sequence selectivity. Biochemistry 2001; 40:10473-84. [PMID: 11523988 DOI: 10.1021/bi010965a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2,7-Diaminomitosene (2,7-DAM), the major metabolite of the antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C, forms DNA adducts in tumor cells. 2,7-DAM was reacted with the deoxyoligonucleotide d(GTGGTATACCAC) under reductive alkylation conditions. The resulting DNA adduct was characterized as d(G-T-G-[M]G-T-A-T-A-C-C-A-C) (5), where [M]G stands for a covalently modified guanine, linked at its N7-position to C10 of the mitosene. The adducted oligonucleotide complements with itself, retaining 2-fold symmetry in the 2:1 drug-duplex complex, and provides well-resolved NMR spectra, amenable for structure determination. Adduction at the N7-position of G4 ([M]G, 4) is characterized by a downfield shift of the G4(H8) proton and separate resonances for G4(NH(2)) protons. We assigned the exchangeable and nonexchangeable proton resonances of the mitosene and the deoxyoligonucleotide in adduct duplex 5 and identified intermolecular proton-proton NOEs necessary for structural characterization. Molecular dynamics computations guided by 126 intramolecular and 48 intermolecular distance restraints were performed to define the solution structure of the 2,7-DAM-DNA complex 5. A total of 12 structures were computed which exhibited pairwise rmsd values in the 0.54-1.42 A range. The 2,7-DAM molecule is anchored in the major groove of DNA by its C10 covalently linked to G4(N7) and is oriented 3' to the adducted guanine. The presence of 2,7-DAM in the major groove does not alter the overall B-DNA helical structure. Alignment in the major groove is a novel feature of the complexation of 2,7-DAM with DNA; other known major groove alkylators such as aflatoxin, possessing aromatic structural elements, form intercalated complexes. Thermal stability properties of the 2,7-DAM-DNA complex 5 were characteristic of nonintercalating guanine-N7 alkylating agents. Marked sequence selectivity of the alkylation by 2,7-DAM was observed, using a series of oligonucleotides incorporating variations of the 5'-TGGN sequence as substrates. The selectivity correlated with the sequence specificity of the negative molecular electrostatic potential of the major groove, suggesting that the alkylation selectivity of 2,7-DAM is determined by sequence-specific variation of the reactivity of the DNA. The unusual, major groove-aligned structure of the adduct 5 may account for the low cytotoxicity of 2,7-DAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Subramaniam
- Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Ghuman JK, Ginsburg GS, Subramaniam G, Ghuman HS, Kau AS, Riddle MA. Psychostimulants in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical evidence from a developmental disorders institution. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40:516-24. [PMID: 11349695 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200105000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine psychostimulant response in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an outpatient child psychiatry clinic (housed within a developmental disorders institution) over 3, 12, and 24 months of treatment. METHOD A systematic retrospective chart review was conducted for 27 preschool children with ADHD who were started on psychostimulants between the ages of 3 and 5 years, inclusive. Two child and adolescent psychiatrists reviewed each chart independently, using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale to rate the severity of illness and global improvement and the Side Effects Rating Form to rate side effects. RESULTS Over 24 months, psychostimulants were stopped in three children (11%) because of side effects and concomitant psychotropic medications were added in seven children (26%). The CGI severity-of-illness ratings showed a significant effect of time over 3, 12, and 24 months of psychostimulant treatment (all p values < .0001). Rate of response was 74% at 3 months and 70% at 12 and 24 months. Side effects were mostly mild and occurred in 63% of the children at 3 months, 41% at 12 months, and 29% at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that preschool children with developmental disorders respond to psychostimulants but need close monitoring because of frequent side effects. Inasmuch as the study participants were recruited from a child psychiatry clinic housed within a developmental disorders institution and had a high rate of developmental disorders, the findings may not generalize to other preschool children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Ghuman
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rho MC, Toyoshima M, Hayashi M, Koyano T, Subramaniam G, Kam TS, Komiyama K. Reversal of multidrug resistance by kopsiflorine isolated from Kopsia dasyrachis. Planta Med 1999; 65:307-310. [PMID: 10364833 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kopsiflorine, an indole alkaloid of the aspidofractinine-type isolated from Kopsia dasyrachis, was examined for its effect in enhancing drug cytotoxicity in multidrug-resistant tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of vincristine was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner by kopsiflorine in drug-resistant KB cells (VJ-300). Kopsiflorine alone had no effect on the growth of drug sensitive or resistant cells, but the intracellular accumulation of vincristine was enhanced by kopsiflorine in VJ-300 cells. Kopsiflorine (10 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited the binding of [3H]azidopine to P-glycoprotein in VJ-300 cells. The results suggest that kopsiflorine interacts directly with P-glycoprotein and inhibits the efflux of antitumor agents in drug-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rho
- Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Duncan KE, Kolhatkar R, Subramaniam G, Narasimhan R, Jennings E, Hettenbach S, Brown A, McComas C, Potter W, Sublette K. Microbial Dynamics in Oil-Impacted Prairie Soil. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1999; 77-79:421-34. [PMID: 15304712 DOI: 10.1385/abab:78:1-3:421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A remote site in the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve (Osage County, OK) was contaminated with crude oil by a pipeline break in 1992. In 1996, the contaminated soil was bioremediated by blending with uncontaminated soil, prairie hay, buffalo manure, and commercial fertilizers, and spreading in a shallow layer over uncontaminated soil to create a landfarm. The landfarm was monitored for two years for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, soil gases indicative of microbial activity, and for changes in the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Levels of hydrocarbon degraders and soil gas indicators of aerobic degradation were stimulated in the landfarm during the first warm season relative to uncontaminated prairie soil. However, these same indicators were less conclusive during the second warm season, indicating depletion of the more easily degradable hydrocarbons, although the landfarm still contained 6,800 mg/kg TPH on the average at the beginning of the second warm season. Methane formation and methanogen counts were clearly stimulated in the first warm season relative to uncontaminated prairie soil, indicating that methanogenesis plays an important role in the mineralization of hydrocarbons even in these shallow soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, 600 S. College Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
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Kam TS, Subramaniam G, Sim KM, Yoganathan K, Koyano T, Toyoshima M, Rho MC, Hayashi M, Komiyama K. Reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) by aspidofractinine-type indole alkaloids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2769-72. [PMID: 9873619 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of indole alkaloids of the aspidofractinine-type was assessed for their potential in reversing MDR in vincristine-resistant KB cells. Of the compounds tested, kopsiflorine, kopsamine, pleiocarpine, 11-methoxykopsilongine, lahadinine A and N-methoxycarbonyl-11,12-methylenedioxy-delta 16,17-kopsinine were found to show appreciable activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Thong KL, Subramaniam G, Devi S, Puthucheary S, Yu M, Wang L, Pang T. Identification of antigenic epitopes of <em>Salmonella typhi</em> using phage display epitope library. Med J Indones 1998. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v7isupp1.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Thong K, Nair S, Subramaniam G, Puthucheary S, Yassin R, Cheong Y, Liu S, Sander-Son K, Cordano A. Genetic dynamics and molecular epidemiology of Salmonella typhi. Med J Indones 1998. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v7isupp1.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Albota M, Beljonne D, Brédas JL, Ehrlich JE, Fu JY, Heikal AA, Hess SE, Kogej T, Levin MD, Marder SR, McCord-Maughon D, Perry JW, Röckel H, Rumi M, Subramaniam G, Webb WW, Wu XL, Xu C. Design of organic molecules with large two-photon absorption cross sections. Science 1998; 281:1653-6. [PMID: 9733507 DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5383.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1363] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the design of molecules with large two-photon absorption cross sections, delta, was developed, on the basis of the concept that symmetric charge transfer, from the ends of a conjugated system to the middle, or vice versa, upon excitation is correlated to enhanced values of delta. Synthesized bis(styryl)benzene derivatives with donor-pi-donor, donor-acceptor-donor, and acceptor-donor-acceptor structural motifs exhibit exceptionally large values of delta, up to about 400 times that of trans-stilbene. Quantum chemical calculations performed on these molecules indicate that substantial symmetric charge redistribution occurs upon excitation and provide delta values in good agreement with experimental values. The combination of large delta and high fluorescence quantum yield or triplet yield exhibited by molecules developed here offers potential for unprecedented brightness in two-photon fluorescent imaging or enhanced photosensitivity in two-photon sensitization, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albota
- School of Applied Physics and Engineering, and Developmental Resource for Biophysical Imaging Opto-Electronics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Gano JE, Kluwe C, Kirschbaum K, Pinkerton AA, Sekher P, Skrzypczak-Jankun E, Subramaniam G, Lenoir D. (E)-2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3,4-diphenylhex-3-ene, C22H28. Acta Crystallogr C 1997. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270197007117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Breuer B, Subramaniam G, Marchello V, Giambanco V. A study of the effects of tamoxifen in the frail elderly: difficulties encountered in nursing home research. Women Health 1997; 25:37-51. [PMID: 9253137 DOI: 10.1300/j013v25n01_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted in order to determine whether the effects of tamoxifen in elderly, frail nursing home residents are similar to those that have been previously reported for younger postmenopausal women. DESIGN A chart review study. SETTING The Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged (JHHA), a subacute long-term care facility. PARTICIPANTS One hundred fifty-eight women who had been at the JHHA at any time since 1986. One hundred ten had a history of breast cancer; 43 of these had been treated with tamoxifen while at the JHHA (Group I), and 66 had not (Group II). The remaining 49 women had no history of breast cancer (Group III). MEASUREMENTS Data were collected from the time of admission to the JHHA through August, 1994 on: chemistry profiles, bone fractures apparently not a consequence of metastasis, gynecological parameters, and thromboemboli. RESULTS The lack of pre-admission clinical information presented problems regarding research design and the interpretation of our findings. Nevertheless, compared to women who had not been treated with tamoxifen, treated women had a significantly elevated incidence of vaginal discharge (P = 0.01) and a lower prevalence of elevated total cholesterol (P = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, they also had decreased levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increased incidence of thromboemboli and bone fractures. CONCLUSIONS While some of the effects of tamoxifen in elderly, frail women are similar to those observed in younger, postmenopausal women, others may be different. Our results suggest a need for further innovative studies that focus on the consequences of tamoxifen treatment in the elderly, frail population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Breuer
- Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged, Manhattan, New York, NY 10025, USA
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Subramaniam G. Synthesis of Chiral Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxanes. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329508018979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jayarajan A, Ramiah I, Subramaniam G, Prakash O. Asthma and hyperthyroidism. J Assoc Physicians India 1990; 38:672-3. [PMID: 2266100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mahon DF, Subramaniam G, McAfee JG. Experimental comparison of radioactive agents for studies of the placenta. J Nucl Med 1973; 14:651-9. [PMID: 4202616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Abstract
1. The infective stage larvae of Bunostomum trigonocephalum (Rudolphi, 1808) penetrate the intact skin and undergo skin-lung migration in the mouse and skin-lung-intestine migration in the guineapig. After percutaneous infection in guineapigs, they moult in the lungs to the fourth stage and to the fifth stage in the intestine. Relatively few of them undergo this partial development in the guineapig and they are stunted in growth.2. In the abnormal hosts, the penetrating larvae cause extensive tissue disorganisation. The histopathology of the skin and lungs is described. There is a cellular reaction to the parasites.3. In guineapigs, the infective stage larvae reach the lungs after per os infection but they are few in number do no persist for more than six days.
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