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Naidu G, Tripathi DK, Nagar N, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Targeting chemokine-receptor mediated molecular signaling by ethnopharmacological approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117837. [PMID: 38310985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Infection and inflammation are critical to global human health status and the goal of current pharmacological interventions intends formulating medications/preventives as a measure to deal with this situation. Chemokines and their cognate receptors are major regulatory molecules in many of these ailments. Natural products have been a keen source to the drug development industry, every year contributing significantly to the growing list of FDA approved drugs. A multiverse of natural resource is employed as a part of curative regimen in folk/traditional/ethnomedicine which can be employed to discover, repurpose, and design potent medications for the diseases of clinical concern. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to systematically document the ethnopharmacologically active agents targeting the infectious-inflammatory diseases through the chemokine-receptor nexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles related to chemokine/receptor modulating ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious natural sources, bioactive compounds, and formulations have been examined with special emphasis on women related diseases. The available literature has been thoroughly scrutinized for the application of traditional medicines in chemokine associated experimental methods, their regulatory outcomes, and pertinence to women's health wherever applicable. Moreover, the potential traditional regimens under clinical trials have been critically assessed. RESULTS A systematic and comprehensive review on the chemokine-receptor targeting ethnopharmaceutics from the available literature has been provided. The article discusses the implication of traditional medicine in the chemokine system dynamics in diverse infectious-inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammation, and cancer. On this note, critical evaluation of the available data surfaced multiple diseases prevalent in women such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, breast cancer, cervical cancer and urinary tract infection. Currently there is no available literature highlighting chemokine-receptor targeting using traditional medicinal approach from women's health perspective. Moreover, despite being potent in vitro and in vivo setups there remains a gap in clinical translation of these formulations, which needs to be strategically and scientifically addressed to pave the way for their successful industrial translation. CONCLUSIONS The review provides an optimistic global perspective towards the applicability of ethnopharmacology in chemokine-receptor regulated infectious and inflammatory diseases with special emphasis on ailments prevalent in women, consecutively addressing their current status of clinical translation and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Gupta A, Gupta P, Bajpai G. Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy): An insight on the multifarious pharmacological paradigms of a most promising medicinal ayurvedic herb. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26125. [PMID: 38390130 PMCID: PMC10882059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs are being widely accepted as alternative remedies for preventing various diseases especially in India and other Asian countries. However, most plant-based herbal medicines are not yet being scientifically accepted worldwide. "Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook.F. & Thomson", one of the most promising plant species of Tinospora known as "Giloy" or Guduchi that is used in several traditional medicines in treating diseases e.g., metabolic and immune disorders, diabetes, heart diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases, has been widely investigated. Varieties of bioactive phytochemical constituents isolated from the stem, root and whole plant of T. cordifolia have been identified. In the last two decades, the diverse pharmacological activities of T. cordifolia have been continuously studied. Due to its therapeutic efficacy in immune modulation, it could be effective in viral and other diseases treatment as well. A medicinal plant could be well-suited not only for the treatment of target site but also for boosting the body's immune system. As an alternate source of medication, medicinal herbs are continuously showing better compatibility with the human body with minimal side effects than other therapies. Keeping this in mind, the present review highlights the pharmacological potential of T. cordifolia against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Baj's Laboratories, Industrial Area, Rooma, Kanpur-208008, UP, India
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Gunjan Bajpai
- Baj's Laboratories, Industrial Area, Rooma, Kanpur-208008, UP, India
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Shekh MR, Ahmed N, Kumar V. A Review of the Occurrence of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Potential Treatments through Medicinal Plants from an Indian Perspective. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:241-269. [PMID: 38018201 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971268416231116184056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis is a medical condition that affects the joints and causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness. There are different types of arthritis, and it can affect people of all ages, even infants and the elderly. Recent studies have found that individuals with diabetes, heart disease, and obesity are more likely to experience arthritis symptoms. According to the World Health Organization, over 21% of people worldwide suffer from musculoskeletal problems. Roughly 42.19 million individuals in India, constituting around 0.31% of the populace, have been documented as having Rheumatic Arthritis (RA). Compared to other common diseases like diabetes, cancer, and AIDS, arthritis is more prevalent in the general population. Unfortunately, there is no specific cure for arthritis, and treatment plans usually involve non-pharmacological methods, surgeries, and medications that target specific symptoms. Plant-based remedies have also been shown to be effective in managing inflammation and related complications. In addition to therapies, maintaining a healthy diet, exercise, and weight management are essential for managing arthritis. This review discusses the causes, prevalence, diagnostic methods, current and prospective future treatments, and potential medicinal plants that may act as anti-inflammatory or anti-rheumatic agents. However, more research is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms and active molecules that could improve arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raeesh Shekh
- National Innovation Foundation (NIF), India, Grambharti, Amrapur, Gandhinagar, Mahudi Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nasir Ahmed
- Forensic Anthropology-1, Department of Forensic Medicine, YMC, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- National Innovation Foundation (NIF), India, Grambharti, Amrapur, Gandhinagar, Mahudi Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Ahsan R, Mishra A, Badar B, Owais M, Mishra V. Therapeutic Application, Phytoactives and Pharmacology of Tinospora cordifolia: An Evocative Review. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:549-555. [PMID: 37017881 PMCID: PMC10073789 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi or Gurjo), a herbaceous vine or climbing deciduous shrub, is consider as an important medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medication, which is available in India, China, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Srilanka. Menispermaceae is the family of this compound. T. cordifolia have a variety of properties to treat various ailments such as fevers, jaundice, diabetes, dysentery, urinary infections, and skin diseases. This compound has been subjected to many chemicals, pharmacological, pre-clinical, or clinical investigations and some new therapeutic potential effects have been indicated. This review aims to summarize the critical information concerning in areas of chemical constituents, chemical structure, and pharmacokinetic activities such as anti-diabetic, anticancer, immune-modulatory, antivirus (especially in silico study about COVID-19), antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and its effect on cardiovascular and neurological disorders as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This traditional herb needs more experimental study on the clinical, pre-clinical study, and clinical efficacy of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and needs large-scale clinical studies to prove the clinical efficacy of this compound, especially in stress-related diseases and other neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiya Ahsan
- Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, 226022, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Badruddeen Badar
- Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, 226022, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, 226022, India
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Nandan A, Sharma V, Banerjee P, Sadasivam K, Venkatesan S, Prasher B. Deciphering the mechanism of Tinospora cordifolia extract on Th17 cells through in-depth transcriptomic profiling and in silico analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1056677. [PMID: 36699055 PMCID: PMC9868420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into effector (Th1, Th2, Th17) cells and immunosuppressive (Treg) cells upon antigenic stimulation in the presence of a specific cytokine milieu. The T cell in vitro culture system provides a very efficient model to study compounds' therapeutic activity and mechanism of action. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Family. Menispermaceae) is one of the widely used drugs in Ayurveda (ancient Indian system of medicine) for various ailments such as inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancer as well as for promoting general health. In vitro and in vivo studies on immune cells comprising dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells suggest its immune-modulating abilities. However, to date, the effect of T. cordifolia on individual purified and polarized T cell subsets has not been studied. Studying drug effects on T cell subsets is needed to understand their immunomodulatory mechanism and to develop treatments for diseases linked with T cell abnormalities. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory activity of T. cordifolia on primary CD4+ T cells, i.e., Th1, Th17, and iTreg cells. An aqueous extract of T. cordifolia was non-cytotoxic at concentrations below 1500 µg/ml and moderately inhibited the proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3ε and anti-CD28 for 96 h. T. cordifolia treatment of naive CD4+ T cells differentiated under Th17-polarizing conditions exhibited reduced frequency of IL-17 producing cells with inhibition of differentiation and proliferation. For the first time, in-depth genome-wide expression profiling of T. cordifolia treated naive CD4+ T cells, polarized to Th17 cells, suggests the broad-spectrum activity of T. cordifolia. It shows inhibition of the cytokine-receptor signaling pathway, majorly via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, subsequently causing inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation, proliferation, and effector function. Additionally, the molecular docking studies of the 69 metabolites of T. cordifolia further substantiate the inhibitory activity of T. cordifolia via the cytokine-receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro polarized Th1 and iTreg cells treated with T. cordifolia extract also showed reduced IFN-γ production and FoxP3 expression, respectively. This study provides insight into the plausible mechanism/s of anti-inflammatory activity of T. cordifolia involving T cells, mainly effective in Th17-associated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Nandan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India,CSIR’s Ayurgenomics Unit, Translational Research and Innovative Science Through Ayurgenomics (TRISUTRA), CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India,Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda, Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR- IGIB, Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Amrita Nandan, ; Bhavana Prasher,
| | | | - Prodyot Banerjee
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda, Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR- IGIB, Delhi, India
| | - Kannan Sadasivam
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - Subramanian Venkatesan
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Bhavana Prasher
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India,CSIR’s Ayurgenomics Unit, Translational Research and Innovative Science Through Ayurgenomics (TRISUTRA), CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India,Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda, Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR- IGIB, Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Amrita Nandan, ; Bhavana Prasher,
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Mohammed MA. Fighting cytokine storm and immunomodulatory deficiency: By using natural products therapy up to now. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111329. [PMID: 37124230 PMCID: PMC10134036 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus strain (COVID-19) caused severe illness and mortality worldwide from 31 December 2019 to 21 March 2023. As of this writing, 761,071,826 million cases have been diagnosed worldwide, with 6,879,677 million deaths accorded by WHO organization and has spread to 228 countries. The number of deaths is closely connected to the growth of innate immune cells in the lungs, mainly macrophages, which generate inflammatory cytokines (especially IL-6 and IL-1β) that induce "cytokine storm syndrome" (CSS), multi-organ failure, and death. We focus on promising natural products and their biologically active chemical constituents as potential phytopharmaceuticals that target virus-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Successful therapy for this condition is currently rare, and the introduction of an effective vaccine might take months. Blocking viral entrance and replication and regulating humoral and cellular immunity in the uninfected population are the most often employed treatment approaches for viral infections. Unfortunately, no presently FDA-approved medicine can prevent or reduce SARS-CoV-2 access and reproduction. Until now, the most important element in disease severity has been the host's immune response activation or suppression. Several medicines have been adapted for COVID-19 patients, including arbidol, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, dexamethasone, and anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical drugs, such as tocilizumab, glucocorticoids, anakinra (IL-1β cytokine inhibition), and siltuximab (IL-6 cytokine inhibition). However, these synthetic medications and therapies have several side effects, including heart failure, permanent retinal damage in the case of hydroxyl-chloroquine, and liver destruction in the case of remdesivir. This review summarizes four strategies for fighting cytokine storms and immunomodulatory deficiency induced by COVID-19 using natural product therapy as a potential therapeutic measure to control cytokine storms.
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Rawat K, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. A novel role of Tinospora cordifolia in amelioration of cancer-induced systemic deterioration by taming neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154488. [PMID: 36240606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has emerged as a systemic disease which targets various organs thus challenging the overall physiology of the host. Recently, we have shown that hyperactive neutrophils infiltrate various organs of tumor bearing host and contribute to gradual systemic deterioration. Therefore, taming neutrophils via potent immunomodulators could be an appropriate therapeutic approach in regulating systemic damage. Tinospora cordifolia (TC), an Ayurvedic panacea, is known for its immense medicinal values in traditional literature and recent reports have also documented its immunomodulatory potential. However, whether TC can regulate neutrophils to exert its therapeutic effectiveness has not been deciphered so far. METHODS For the in vivo study, we utilized murine model of Dalton's Lymphoma (DL). T. cordifolia extract (TCE) treatment was scheduled at early, mid and advanced stages of tumor growth at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Effect of TCE on neutrophil infiltration was examined by immunostaining. Neutrophil elastase (NE) level in serum, ascitic fluid and various tissues was monitored by ELISA. Further, qPCR was performed to assess transcripts levels of NE, myeloperoxidase (MPO), metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) and cathepsin G (CSTG) in various tissues. ROS level in tissue was assessed by DHE staining and organ function was assessed by histology post TCE treatment. RESULTS Our findings showed that TC treatment significantly reduced neutrophil count in peripheral blood and their infiltration in vital organs of tumor-bearing host. Further, it ameliorated neutrophil hyperactivation by down regulating the expression of its key cargoes including NE, MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9 and CSTG at early and mid stage of tumor growth. In addition, TC treatment prevented histopathological alterations and restored the normal serum enzyme levels at different stages of tumor growth. Importantly, TC treatment also showed significant reduction in tumor burden which was accompanied by a remarkable increase in survival of the tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T. cordifolia could limit systemic damage via regulating neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation which can further lead to cancer control at both prophylactic and therapeutic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Integrated omics analysis revealed the Tinospora cordifolia intervention modulated multiple signaling pathways in hypertriglyceridemia patients-a pilot clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:379-397. [PMID: 35673460 PMCID: PMC9167413 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is strongly associated with the various types of disease conditions and evolving as epidemics. Hence, it is important to identify molecules that lower the triglyceride and chylomicron levels. Tinospora cordifolia is an illustrious Ayurveda drug, has proved juvenile and immunomodulatory properties. Methods Twenty four (24) patients having >499 mg/dL TG and 130-230 mg/dL of cholesterol were randomized and given 100 mL/day (~3.0 g) water extract of T. cordifolia (TCE) for 14 days. Basal parameters were analyzed before and after TC intervention to analyzed primary outcomes. Further, unbiased metabolomics and proteomics profiling was explored to assess the efficacy of TCE in HTG patients. Results TCE intervention decreased the levels of triglycerides, and VLDL to 380.45 ± 17.44, and 31.85 ± 5.88, and increased the HDL levels to 47.50 ± 9.05 mg/dL significantly (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis identified the significant alteration in 69 metabolites and 72 proteins in plasma of HTG patients. TCE intervention reduced the level of isoprostanes, ROS, BCAA, and fatty acid derivatives, significantly. The annotation databases, Metboanalyst predicted Akt and Rap1 signaling, and ECM-receptor interaction is the most affected in HTG patients. TCE intervention normalized these events by increasing the peroxisome biogenesis and modulating Akt and Rap1 signaling pathway. Conclusion T. cordifolia intervention suppresses the baseline in HTG patients. Omics analysis showed that TCE intervention modulates the Akt and Rap signaling, and peroxisome biogenesis to control the cellular switches and signaling pathways. Hence, TCE can be used as a supplement or alternate of standard drugs being used in the management of HTG. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-00985-6.
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Arunachalam K, Yang X, San TT. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers: Protection mechanisms and strategies against oxidative stress-related diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114540. [PMID: 34509604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae) is a Mediterranean herb, used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and folk medicines. The herb is also used in conventional medicine to treat oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, including inflammation, pain, diarrhea, asthma, respiratory infections, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW The taxonomy, botanical classification, geographical distribution, and ethnobotanical uses of T. cordifolia, as well as the phytochemical compounds found in the herb, the toxicology of and pharmacological and clinical studies on the effects of T. cordifolia are all covered in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on T. cordifolia, we used a variety of scientific databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The information discussed focuses on biologically active compounds found in T. cordifolia, and common applications and pharmacological activity of the herb, as well as toxicological and clinical studies on its properties. RESULTS The findings of this study reveal a connection between the use of T. cordifolia in conventional medicine and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and other biological effects. The entire plant, stem, leaves, root, and extracts of T. cordifolia have been shown to have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impact. Toxicological testing demonstrated that this plant may have medicinal applications. T. cordifolia contains a variety of biologically active compounds from various chemical classes, including alkaloids, terpenoids, sitosterols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Based on the reports researched for this review, we believe that chemicals in T. cordifolia may activate Nrf2, which leads to the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GPx, GST, and GR, and thereby induces the adaptive response to oxidative stress. T. cordifolia is also able to reduce NF-κB signalling by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, activating AMPK and sirtuins, and downregulating PI3K/Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the pharmacological properties displayed by T. cordifolia back up its conventional uses. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective activities were all demonstrated in T. cordifolia stem extracts. To validate pharmacodynamic targets, further research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the known compounds against gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory processes, and microbial infections, as immunostimulants, and in chemotherapy. The T. cordifolia safety profile was confirmed in a toxicological analysis, which prompted pharmacokinetic assessment testing to confirm its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Thae Thae San
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
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Joshi MB, Kamath A, Nair AS, Yedehali Thimmappa P, Sriranjini SJ, Gangadharan GG, Satyamoorthy K. Modulation of neutrophil (dys)function by Ayurvedic herbs and its potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100424. [PMID: 33746457 PMCID: PMC7962552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, traditional medicines of Ayurveda have been in use to manage infectious and non-infectious diseases. The key embodiment of traditional medicines is the holistic system of approach in the management of human diseases. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic, which has emerged as the major health threat worldwide and is causing significant stress, morbidity and mortality. Studies from the individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have shown significant immune dysregulation and cytokine overproduction. Neutrophilia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has been correlated to poor outcome due to the disease. Neutrophils, component of innate immune system, upon stimulation expel DNA along with histones and granular proteins to form extracellular traps (NETs). Although, these DNA lattices possess beneficial activity in trapping and eliminating pathogens, NETs may also cause adverse effects by inducing immunothrombosis and tissue damage in diseases including Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis. Tissues of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects showed microthrombi with neutrophil-platelet infiltration and serum showed elevated NETs components, suggesting large involvement and uncontrolled activation of neutrophils leading to pathogenesis and associated organ damage. Hence, traditional Ayurvedic herbs exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may act in a manner that might prove beneficial in targeting over-functioning of neutrophils and there by promoting normal immune homeostasis. In the present manuscript, we have reviewed and discussed pathological importance of NETs formation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss how various Ayurvedic herbs can be explored to modulate neutrophil function and inhibit NETs formation in the context of a) anti-microbial activity to enhance neutrophil function, b) immunomodulatory effects to maintain neutrophil mediated immune homeostasis and c) to inhibit NETs mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aswathy S Nair
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Sitaram J Sriranjini
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Sharma H, Rao PS, Singh AK. Fifty years of research on Tinospora cordifolia: From botanical plant to functional ingredient in foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Singh B, Nathawat S, Sharma RA. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical attributes of Indian Tinospora species: A comprehensive review. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Singh R, Goel S, Bourgeade P, Aleya L, Tewari D. Ayurveda Rasayana as antivirals and immunomodulators: potential applications in COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55925-55951. [PMID: 34491498 PMCID: PMC8422837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization with rapid spread across 216 countries. COVID-19 pandemic has left its imprints on various health systems globally and caused immense social and economic disruptions. The scientific community across the globe is in a quest for digging the effective treatment for COVID-19 and exploring potential leads from traditional systems of healthcare across the world too. Ayurveda (Indian traditional system of medicine) has a comprehensive aspect of immunity through Rasayana which is a rejuvenation therapy. Here we attempt to generate the potential leads based on the classical text from Ayurveda in general and Rasayana in particular to develop effective antiviral and/or immunomodulator for potential or adjunct therapy in SARS-CoV-2. The Rasayana acts not only by resisting body to restrain or withstand the strength, severity or progression of a disease but also by promoting power of the body to prevent the manifestation of a disease. These Rasayana herbs are common in practice as immunomodulator, antiviral and protectives. The studies on Rasayana can provide an insight into the future course of research for the plausible development of effective management of COVID-19 by the utilization and development of various traditional systems of healthcare. Keeping in view the current pandemic situation, there is an urgent need of developing potential medicines. This study proposes certain prominent medicinal plants which may be further studied for drug development process and also in clinical setup under repurposing of these herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Sumeet Goel
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Pascale Bourgeade
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Prasad S, Kulshreshtha A, Lall R, Gupta SC. Inflammation and ROS in arthritis: management by Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Food Funct 2021; 12:8227-8247. [PMID: 34302162 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic joint inflammatory disorders like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which are manifested by joint dysfunction, show an upsurge in inflammation and oxidative stress. Although conventional anti-arthritic drugs are being used to relieve pain from arthritic symptoms, they usually cause severe side effects. Traditionally used Ayurvedic medicinal plants are a promising alternative for the management of arthritic symptoms, as they are safe and effective. Ayurvedic medicinal plants improve arthritic symptoms by reducing joint tenderness, joint pain, swelling, bone and cartilage damage, and increasing knee flexion, walking distance and sports activities. These beneficial effects of Ayurvedic medicinal plants on arthritis are mediated through various cellular mechanisms including inhibition of the inflammatory markers NF-κB, cytokines, adipokines, PGE2, NO, iNOS, COX-2, and MMPs and induction of antioxidant status by decreasing free radicals, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase, and increasing antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, and HO-1. Thus, a strategy requires using these Ayurvedic medicinal plants to treat arthritis. This article describes the status of inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic conditions. We also provide evidence that Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their bioactive components are highly effective in improving arthritic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Alok Kulshreshtha
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Rajiv Lall
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Shirolkar A, Yadav A, Mandal TK, Dabur R. Intervention of Ayurvedic drug Tinospora cordifolia attenuates the metabolic alterations in hypertriglyceridemia: a pilot clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1367-1379. [PMID: 33520840 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Hypertriglyceridemia (HG) is an independent risk factor with more prevalence than hypercholesterolemia and its attributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and pancreatitis. Hence, it becomes imperative to search for new triglyceride (TG) lowering agents. Tinospora cordifolia (TC) is a well-known Ayurvedic drug and a rich source of protoberberine alkaloids hence can contribute to TG lowering without side effects. Hence, to explore the therapeutic efficacy of T. cordifolia and its effects on biochemistry and metabolome in the patients of hyper-triglyceridemia, clinical trials were conducted. Methods Patients (n = 24) with hypertriglyceridemia were randomized into two groups to receive T. cordifolia extract (TCE) (3.0 g/per day) and metformin (850 mg/day) for 14 days having >300 mg/dl triglyceride level and cholesterol in the range of 130-230 mg/dl. Lipid profiles of blood samples were analyzed. Urine samples were subjected to HPLC-QTOF-MS to quantify oxidative damage and abnormal metabolic regulation. Results Intervention with TCE reduced the triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL levels to 380.45 ± 17.44, 133.25 ± 3.18, and 31.85 ± 5.88 mg/dL and increased the HDL to 47.50 ± 9.05 mg/dL significantly (p < 0.05) in the HG patients after 14 days treatment. TCE dosage potently suppressed the inflammatory and oxidative stress marker's i.e. levels of isoprostanes significantly (p < 0.01). Qualitative metabolomics approach i.e. PCA and PLS-DA showed significant alterations (p < 0.05) in the levels of 40 metabolites in the urine samples from different groups. Conclusion TCE administration depleted the levels of markers of HG i.e. VLDL, TG, and LDL significantly. Metabolomics studies established that the anti-HG activity of TCE was due to its antioxidative potential and modulation of the biopterin, butanoate, amino acid, and vitamin metabolism. Clinical trials registry India (CTRI) registration no. CTRI- 2016-08-007187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey Shirolkar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Institute of Basic Ayurvedic Sciences (NRIBAS), Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra 411038 India
| | - Aarti Yadav
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - T K Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Institute of Basic Ayurvedic Sciences (NRIBAS), Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra 411038 India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Institute of Basic Ayurvedic Sciences (NRIBAS), Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra 411038 India.,Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Singh P, Gupta A, Qayoom I, Singh S, Kumar A. Orthobiologics with phytobioactive cues: A paradigm in bone regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110754. [PMID: 34321168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone injuries occur due to various traumatic and disease conditions. Healing of bone injury occurs via a multi-stage intricate process. Body has the potential to rectify most of the bone injuries but some severe traumatic cases with critical size defects may require interventions. Autografts are still considered the "gold standard" for fracture healing but due to limitations associated with it, new alternatives are warranted. The field of orthobiologics has provided novel approaches using scaffolds, bioactive molecules, stem cells for the treatment of bone defects. Phyto-bioactives have been widely used in alternative medicine and folklore practices for curing bone ailments. It is believed that different bioactive constituents in plants work synergistically to give the therapeutic efficacy. Bioactives in plants extracts act upon different signal transduction pathways aiding in bone healing. The present review focuses on the use, chemical composition, mode of delivery, mechanism of action, and possible future strategies of three medicinal plants popularly used in traditional medicine for bone healing: Cissus quadrangularis, Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia. Plants extracts seem to be a natural and non-toxic therapeutic alternative in treating bone injuries. Most of the studies on bone healing for these plants have reported oral administration of the extracts and presented them as a safe alternative without any side effects despite giving higher doses. Forthcoming studies could be directed towards the local delivery of extracts at the defect site. Unification of herbal extracts and orthobiologics could be an interesting direction in the field of bone healing in future. The present review intends to provide a bird's eye view of different strategies used in bone healing, mechanisms involved and future direction of advancements using phytobioactives and orthobiologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.
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Kumar V, Bharate SS, Bhurta D, Gupta M, Gandhi SG, Singh D, Jaglan S, Kumar A, Vishwakarma RA, Bharate SB. Evaluation of rohitukine-enriched fraction of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.f. (leaves) as anti-arthritic phytopharmaceutical candidate: Chemical standardization, in-vivo validation, formulation development and oral pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112758. [PMID: 32165175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of joints. Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.f (Family: Meliaceae) is a Indian medicinal plant which is traditionally being used to heal inflammation of joints. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was aimed to carry out chemical standardization, in-vitro/in-vivo validation, oral pharmacokinetics and formulation development of anti-arthritic botanical lead, the rohitukine-enriched fraction of D. binectariferum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rohitukine-enriched fraction of D. binectariferum was standardized using four chemical markers and was checked for microbial load, heavy metal content, aflatoxins and pesticides. Its in-vitro inhibitory effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 was studied in THP-1 cells. The in-vivo anti-arthritic activity was investigated in collagen-induced arthritis model in DBA/1J mice. The sustained release capsule formulation was developed and characterized for physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. RESULTS Rohitukine and schumaniofioside A were found to be major chemical constituents of the botanical lead. The rohitukine-enriched fraction of D. binectariferum significantly reduced the production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 (>50% inhibition at 3.12 μg/mL) in THP-1 cells. In LPS-treated wild-type mice model, the rohitukine-enriched fraction at 200 mg/kg (PO, QD) completely reduced serum TNF-α levels. In transgenic mice model (collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice), rohitukine-enriched fraction at 100 mg/kg (PO, QD) dose has resulted in >75% reduction of TNF-α/IL-6 serum levels, 68% reduction in anti-mouse type II collagen IgG1 antibody levels, decreased joint proteoglycan loss and reduced paw edema in DBA/1J mice. The sustained release capsule formulation of rohitukine-enriched fraction showed sustained-release of rohitukine over the period of 24 h, and resulted in an improved plasma-exposure of rohitukine in SD rats. CONCLUSIONS The data presented herein demonstrated anti-arthritic potential of rohitukine-enriched fraction of D. binectariferum and this study will serve as the benchmark for further research on this botanical lead and developed sustained release capsule formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology & Formulation Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology & Formulation Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Deendyal Bhurta
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Mehak Gupta
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Plant Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Deepika Singh
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
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Saeed M, Naveed M, Leskovec J, Ali Kamboh A, Kakar I, Ullah K, Ahmad F, Sharif M, Javaid A, Rauf M, Abd El-Hack ME, Abdel-Latif MA, Chao S. Using Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) as an eco-friendly feed supplement in human and poultry nutrition. Poult Sci 2019; 99:801-811. [PMID: 32029162 PMCID: PMC7587696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is a well-recognized and widely distributed traditional plant that is used successfully in Indian Ayurveda medicine. T. cordifolia has shown many promising biological activities, such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, osteoprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal, and antistress effects. Guduchi is a rich source of protein and micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and manganese. It also contains many secondary plant metabolites, such as terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and glycosides. Based on previous studies in poultry, the supplementation levels of Guduchi range from 1 to 5 g/kg of diet (different sources, such as powder, extracts, roots, and leaves, have been used). It was suggested that this variation in supplementation levels depends on different factors, including the extraction method, the supplementation proposed, the method of supplementation (either in feed or drinking water), and the species and physiological status of the birds. Generally, dietary supplementation of poultry broilers with T. cordifolia yielded positive impacts on growth performance, body gains (increased by 4.8%), dressing percentage (increased by 7.1%), meat quality traits, and the shelf life of the meat. In addition, T. cordifolia exerted a palliative effect on the general health status of the birds through reducing live enzymes and plasma uric acids and enhancing the immune response, as indicated by the leukocyte count, hemagglutinin titer, interleukin activity, and mortality levels. Further investigations concluded that T. cordifolia showed strong antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, with subsequent reductions in mortality. Moreover, T. cordifolia showed an ability to improve humoral and cell-mediated immunity against Newcastle disease, infectious anemia, gout, and aflatoxicosis. The current review discusses many beneficial properties of T. cordifolia, although the lack of pharmacological trials limits the use of this extract in poultry. Further research should be performed regarding the composition of the active compound, the possible mechanisms of action, and the effective doses to fully understand the activities and benefits of T. cordifolia as a growth performance improvement supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211166, China
| | - Jakob Leskovec
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Asgahr Ali Kamboh
- Department of Microbiology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh Province, Pakistan
| | - Ihsanullah Kakar
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery Department LUAWMS, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Fawwad Ahmad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sharif
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Javaid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mubasher Rauf
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, code 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mervat A Abdel-Latif
- Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Sun Chao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Devi S, Ragavee A. Nanoencapsulation of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) using poly (D, L-lactide) nanoparticles: Yield optimization by response surface methodology and in silico modeling with insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_678_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Aranha I, Venkatesh YP. Humoral immune and adjuvant responses of mucosally-administered Tinospora cordifolia immunomodulatory protein in BALB/c mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 11:140-146. [PMID: 30455069 PMCID: PMC7329723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In traditional medicine, guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is considered as an adaptogen with immunomodulatory prowess. A 25 kDa protein from guduchi stem has been characterized as an immunomodulatory protein (ImP). Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrinsic immunogenicity of guduchi ImP and adjuvant activity using ovalbumin (OVA) as antigen in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods Mice were given guduchi ImP (30 and 60 μg) by intranasal administration to respective groups (n = 6) on days 1, 14 and thereafter weekly till day 42. Immunogenic response was monitored by serum IgG/IgA levels (days 14, 35 and 50). The adjuvant activity was measured by serum anti-OVA IgG/IgA responses to administration of 30 μg OVA with guduchi ImP. The effect of guduchi ImP on the spleen status was examined by splenic weight (day 50). Results Guduchi ImP administration displayed a significant increase in anti-guduchi ImP IgG (5–7 fold) and anti-guduchi ImP IgA (3–4 fold) on day 50 vs. control. Guduchi ImP showed a significant increase in anti-OVA IgG (6–7 fold) and anti-OVA IgA (4–5 fold) on day 50 vs. control. The splenic index of guduchi ImP group increased significantly in both the immune and adjuvant response groups; however, the splenic index in the adjuvant response group was markedly higher. Conclusion The results indicate that guduchi ImP is a strong immunogen by itself and enhances the immunogenicity of mucosally-administered antigen in BALB/c mice. Based on the results of this animal study, it appears that guduchi ImP shows a potential for future studies in humans. Evaluated the immune responses of guduchi immunomodulatory protein (ImP) in BALB/c mice. Guduchi ImP (30/60 μg) given intranasally on days 1, 14; thereafter, weekly till day 42. Increase in anti-guduchi ImP IgG (5–7 fold) and anti-guduchi ImP IgA (3–4 fold) on day 50. Increase in ovalbumin-specific IgG (6–7 fold) and IgA (4–5 fold) on day 50 vs. control. Splenic index of guduchi ImP group increased in the immune/adjuvant response groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Aranha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yeldur P Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Baskaran R, Priya LB, Sathish Kumar V, Padma VV. Tinospora cordifolia extract prevents cadmium-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 9:252-257. [PMID: 30316725 PMCID: PMC6314239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) pollution is of serious concern due to its toxic effects in both humans and animals. The study investigates the protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia stem methanolic extract (TCME) on Cd induced hepatotoxicity. Objective(s) The objective of the study was to explore the hepatoprotective effects of T. cordifolia extract. Materials and methods Rats were administered orally with Cd (5 mg/kg) and TCME (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum and liver tissues homogenates were subjected to biochemical analysis. Results Cd treated rats showed increased activities of the serum marker enzymes of liver damage such as AST and ALT along with increased levels of LPO and protein carbonyl content in liver tissues. Cd treatment also leads to decreased activities of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GST), membrane ATPases (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase and Mg2+K+ATPase) and the tissue glycoprotein levels (hexose, fucose, hexosamine and sialic acid). Histological analysis revealed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes with focal necrosis upon Cd administration. TCME co-treatment restored the biochemical and histological alterations caused by Cd intoxication to near normal levels. Conclusion The results of the present investigation reveal the hepatoprotective nature of T.cordifolia against Cd induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Baskaran
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sathish Kumar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kumar V, Singh S, Singh A, Dixit AK, Srivastava B, Sidhu GK, Singh R, Meena AK, Singh RP, Subhose V, Prakash O. Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Protein Binding Qualities of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Tinospora cordifolia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2018.1485513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144111, Punjab, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dixit
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Bhavana Srivastava
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144111, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, India
| | | | - Rajesh Pratap Singh
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Varanasi Subhose
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Om Prakash
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
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Yanez M, Blanchette J, Jabbarzadeh E. Modulation of Inflammatory Response to Implanted Biomaterials Using Natural Compounds. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:6347-6357. [PMID: 28521709 PMCID: PMC5681444 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170510124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers a promising strategy to restore injuries resulting from trauma, infection, tumor resection, or other diseases. In spite of significant progress, the field faces a significant bottleneck; the critical need to understand and exploit the interdependencies of tissue healing, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Inherently, the balance of these interacting processes is affected by a number of injury site conditions that represent a departure from physiological environment, including reduced pH, increased concentration of free radicals, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia. Efforts to harness the potential of immune response as a therapeutic strategy to promote tissue repair have led to identification of natural compounds with significant anti-inflammatory properties. This article provides a concise review of the body's inflammatory response to biomaterials and describes the role of oxygen as a physiological cue in this process. We proceed to highlight the potential of natural compounds to mediate inflammatory response and improve host-graft integration. Herein, we discuss the use of natural compounds to map signaling molecules and checkpoints that regulate the cross-linkage of immune response and skeletal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yanez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James Blanchette
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29209, USA
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