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Liu B, Zou M, Bao H, Xu X, Liu X, Zhang B, Yang Q, Li F. Mental health and meaning in life in Chinese military personnel: a cross-lagged analysis. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:426. [PMID: 39103874 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burgeoning field of research on the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) has highlighted its significance, yet the applicability of the DFM in military personnel and its longitudinal relationships with different dimensions of meaning in life remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the applicability of the DFM for military personnel and to investigate longitudinal relationships between the dual factors of mental health (negative factor, positive factor) and the two dimensions of meaning in life (presence of meaning, search for meaning) in military personnel. METHODS In this study, data were collected in two waves (April and August 2023) from 227 Chinese military personnel. We constructed a dual-factor model with depression as the negative factor and subjective well-being as the positive factor, and we compared it with a single-factor model to determine if DFM could be applied to military personnel. We also constructed a cross-lagged model to investigate longitudinal relationships between depression, subjective well-being, presence of meaning, and search for meaning. RESULTS According to the findings, military personnel fit better with the DFM than with the single-factor model. Cross-lagged analysis results revealed that both the presence of meaning and the search for meaning negatively predicted depression and positively predicted subjective well-being. CONCLUSIONS The DFM had good applicability among military personnel. Both the presence of meaning and the search for meaning could improve military mental health, suggesting that both dimensions of meaning in life may be potential targets for improving military mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mingxuan Zou
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Public Health School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Hongxiang Bao
- Frontier Medical Service Training Brigade, Army Medical University, Hutubi, 831200, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Air Force Bureau of Trainee Pilot Selection (Nanjing Central Division), Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Psychology, NO. 986 Hospital of Air Force, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- 1st Group of the Sixth Regiment, First Training Base of Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Fengzhan Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Kwok SYCL, Jiang J, Fang S. Presence of meaning in life and meaning confusion mediate the effects of adverse childhood experiences on mental health among university students. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:179-197. [PMID: 37524657 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored meaning in life as a mediator between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health. This study examined the protective and risk factors associated with meaning in life, as they mediate the effect of ACEs on mental health. The sample was 293 university students in Hong Kong (mean age = 21 years). The results of analyses based on three-wave longitudinal data and structural equation modeling demonstrated that the presence of meaning mediated the negative association between ACEs and happiness, and that meaning confusion mediated the positive association between ACEs and depression and anxiety. This study provides evidence that the presence of meaning may play a protective role and that meaning confusion may be a risk factor for the effects of ACEs on mental health. This study's results have implications for the development of prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate the detrimental impact of ACEs and promote mental health in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Y C L Kwok
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siqi Fang
- Department of Social & Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Sharif Nia H, She L, Froelicher ES, Hejazi S, Kohestani D, Hamidi S. The Farsi version of meaning of life in Iranian patients with cancer: A psychometric study. Chronic Illn 2023; 19:862-872. [PMID: 36631997 DOI: 10.1177/17423953221150686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having meaning in life is a protective factor for psychological well-being. Accurate assessment of this construct needs a valid and reliable tool. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the meaning of life questionnaire in patients with cancer. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, after translating the questionnaire to Farsi, in a sample of 212 patients with cancer, feasibility, content and convergent validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, stability, and responsiveness were evaluated. RESULTS The results show that the content validity ratio of all ten items was greater than 0.49. Also, the modified Kappa coefficient of each item was greater than 0.6. The maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis extracted one factor, which explains 76.13% of the total variance of the sample. Item nine was removed. The confirmatory factor analysis results show that the one-factor model had good fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, composite reliability, MaxR, and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.96, 0.96, 0.96, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively. The questionnaires had responsiveness and its response time was 3 s. CONCLUSION AND POLICY SUMMARY The nine-item Farsi version of the meaning of life questionnaire has good validity and reliability and responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Long She
- Faculty of Business, Design and Arts, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Erika Sivarajan Froelicher
- Department of Physiological Nursing, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schools of Nursing and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sima Hejazi
- Department of Nursing, Bojnurd Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Daniyal Kohestani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Hamidi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao Z, Mei Y, Wang X, Jiang H, Wang W, Lin B, Zhang Z. Meaning in life among nursing students: a latent profile analysis. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:264. [PMID: 37568145 PMCID: PMC10416489 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaning in life, defined by an individual's understanding and appreciation of life, is a vital aspect of a positive psychological state, that has a significant influence on physical and mental health. Therefore, improving the sense of meaning in life among nursing students has emerged as a crucial concern in nursing education. This study aimed to clarify the profiles and influencing factors of meaning in life among nursing students. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among nursing students in China from November 16, 2022, to January 17, 2023. The demographic information questionnaire and the meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ) were used to collect data. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify groups exhibiting distinct levels of meaning in life. Additionally, univariate analysis and multinominal logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the factors influencing each group. The reporting of this study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. RESULTS A total of 10,583 valid responses were received, and the analysis revealed four distinct profiles. The profiles identified were the medium meaning group (C1, 41.4%), medium fluctuation meaning-no motivation group (C2, 8.7%), lower meaning group (C3, 9.7%), and higher meaning group (C4, 40.2%). The univariate analysis revealed that age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, grade, university classification, student leadership experience, and political affiliation were factors that influenced the four latent profiles (P < 0.05). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and student leadership experience were significant predictors of the various profiles (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There is heterogeneous in meaning in life among nursing students in China. Nursing educators need to provide tailored guidance based on the latent classification characteristics of meaning in life among nursing students, aiming at improving their meaning in life and promoting the development of the nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, China
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yongxia Mei
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Hu Jiang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Wenna Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Beilei Lin
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450000, China.
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Zhou JJ, Zhang Y, Ren QZ, Li T, Lin GD, Liao MY, Chen SH, Tong P, Gao YL. Mediating effects of meaning in life on the relationship between family care, depression, and quality of life in Chinese older adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1079593. [PMID: 37077192 PMCID: PMC10106746 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1079593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe study explored sources of meaning in older adults and the action path among family care, meaning in life, quality of life, and depression.Materials and methodsWe investigated 627 older adults using the Sources of Meaning in Life Scale for the Elderly (SMSE), the Family Care Index (APGAR), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10 (CES-D-10), and the EuroqOL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D).ResultsScores categorized 454 older adults with good family function, 99 with moderate, and 47 with severe family dysfunction; 110 older adults had depression. The structural equation model showed that family care affected the quality of life and depression by influencing meaning, and depression had a significant negative effect on the quality of life (P < 0.05). The model was a good fit for the data (χ2/df = 3.300, SRMR = 0.0291, GFI = 0.975, IFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.952, CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.062).ConclusionMeaning in life is an intermediary factor that affects depression and quality of life in older adults. Family care had a significant positive impact on SMSE and a negative influence on depression. The SMSE effectively clarifies the sources of meaning in life and can be used to improve meaning and promote mental health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Zhuo Ren
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Ding Lin
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yi Liao
- Liurong Community Health Service Center in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hua Chen
- Jingxi Community Health Service Center in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Tong
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Gao
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Lin Gao,
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Yotsidi V, Gournellis R, Alexopoulos P, Richardson C. Life Satisfaction in a Clinical and a Nonclinical Group of Older People: The Role of Self-Compassion and Social Support. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231164890. [PMID: 37101955 PMCID: PMC10123904 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231164890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the health-promoting role of life satisfaction, little is known about its determining factors in older people with mental health problems compared to nonclinical participants. This study provides preliminary data into the role of social support, self-compassion, and meaning in life on older people's life satisfaction within both clinical and non-clinical populations. In total, 153 older adults (age ≥60) completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and questions for relational variables. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that determinants of life satisfaction were self-kindness (B = 2.036, p = .001) and intimate friends' network (B = 2.725, p = .021), while family relationships were found to be significant among the clinical group (B = 4.556, p = .024). Findings are discussed in relation to incorporating self-kindness and rapport with family in clinical work with older adults to better promote their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Yotsidi
- Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
- Vasiliki Yotsidi, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 136 Andrea Siggrou Avenue, Athens 176 71, Greece.
| | | | | | - Clive Richardson
- Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
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Chen R, Liu YF, Huang GD, Wu PC. The relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in Chinese older people: The mediating role of the sense of meaning in life and self-esteem. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1029587. [PMID: 36438332 PMCID: PMC9685655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1029587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the relationship between physical exercise and older people's subjective well-being and the mediating role of a sense of meaning in life and self-esteem by using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, in order to provide some suggestions for improving older people's subjective well-being. METHODS In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted offline using a simple random method of collection, and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the Subjective Well-being Scale (SWB), the Meaningfulness of Life Scale (MLQ), and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were applied to 419 older adults who participated in physical exercise from Chengdu (Qingyang District, Wuhou District, and Chenghua District), Sichuan Province, China, with the voluntary participation of the subjects. 197 males and 222 females, with a mean age of 72.49 (SD = 1.57). The study used SPSS 25.0 and Process 3.5 plug-in for statistical processing of the data, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for intra-variate consistency testing, Harman's one-way test for common method bias testing and multiple covariance diagnosis, and finally regression analysis and Bootstrap sampling test for significance of mediating effects. RESULTS Physical exercise was able to have a positive effect on the level of subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0305; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0226, 0.0384; p < 0.05), and a mediation analysis of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem revealed that they were able to have independent and chained mediation effects, with four pathways: first, physical exercise directly affected subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0149; 95% CI: 0.0072, 0.0226; p < 0.05; β = 0.0149; 95% CI: 0.0072, 0.0226; p < 0.05); secondly, sense of meaning in life mediated the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0041, 0.0115; p < 0.05); thirdly, self-esteem mediated the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being of older adults (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0041, 0.0115; p < 0.05). (β = 0.0061; 95% CI: 0.0034, 0.0094; p < 0.05); fourth, a chain mediating effect of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem in the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in older adults (β = 0.0021; 95% CI: 0.0010, 0.0035; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS As indicated by the results, physical exercise can enhance the subjective well-being of older adults through sense of meaning in life and self-esteem, therefore, in order to be able to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults, enhancing the level of sense of meaning in life and self-esteem of older adults is an effective means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Institute of Sports Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Feng Liu
- Institute of Sports Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao-Duan Huang
- School of Chinese and Literature, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Parental Control and College Students’ Adversarial Growth: A Discussion on Chinese One-Child Families. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101872. [PMID: 36292319 PMCID: PMC9602174 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental control can affect a children’s attitudes and their ability to cope with adversity after they become adults. This study explored the influence mechanism of parental control on adversity growth and the moderating effect of a growth mindset through a questionnaire survey completed by 354 Chinese college students born in one-child families. Hierarchical regression and structural equation analysis results show that parental control negatively affects adversarial growth, and self-identity plays a mediating role between parental control and adversarial growth. A higher degree of parental control will reduce the individual’s self-identity, which is not conducive to the occurrence of adversarial growth. A growth mindset negatively moderates the indirect effect of parental control on adversarial growth through self-identity. Individuals with a strong growth mindset have reduced negative effects of parental control on self-identity and adversarial growth. Even in countries with collectivist cultures, parental controls also need to be implemented carefully, and controlling parenting styles may be detrimental to individual growth after adversity. At the same time, it is necessary to consciously cultivate children’s growth mindsets, so as to inhibit the negative impact of parental control on adversarial growth.
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Travezaño-Cabrera A, Vilca LW, Quiroz-Becerra J, Huerta SL, Delgado-Vallejos R, Caycho-Rodríguez T. Meaning of life questionnaire (MLQ) in peruvian undergraduate students: study of its psychometric properties from the perspective of classical test theory (CTT). BMC Psychol 2022; 10:206. [PMID: 36002892 PMCID: PMC9400558 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study of the meaning of life is essential since it plays a protective role in the mental health of university students. However, no studies have shown the adequate psychometric functioning of the MLQ in Latin American university students. For this reason, this research aims to evaluate the internal structure using CTT models, obtain evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables, perform factorial invariance according to gender, and estimate the reliability of the MLQ. Methods A sample of 581 Peruvian undergraduate students of both sexes (29.5% men and 70.5% women) between the ages of 18 and 35 (M = 22.6; SD = 3.3) was collected. Along with the MLQ, other instruments were applied to measure satisfaction with life (SWLS), subjective well-being (WBI), and depression (PHQ-9). Results In the present study was evidenced that the model of two related factors of nine items presents better adjustment indices (RMSEA = .075; SRMR = .059; CFI = .97; TLI = .96) compared to other models. Also, it was shown that the factorial structure of the MLQ is strictly invariant for the group of men and women. It was also shown that the presence of meaning was positively related to satisfaction with life (.63) and well-being (.60) and negatively to depression (− .56). In contrast, the search for meaning was not significantly related to life satisfaction (− .05) and well-being (− .07); but yes, to depression (.19). Conclusion It is concluded that the MLQ from the perspective of CTT has shown adequate evidence of reliability and validity. Therefore, it could be used in future studies and evaluation and intervention processes. In addition, the study provides the first evidence of the psychometric functioning of the scale in university students from Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú.
| | | | - Samy L Huerta
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
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Sherman AC, Williams ML, Amick BC, Hudson TJ, Messias EL, Simonton-Atchley S. Adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with global and situational meaning. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35813567 PMCID: PMC9256532 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has created pervasive upheaval and uncertainty in communities around the world. This investigation evaluated associations between discrete dimensions of personal meaning and psychological adjustment to the pandemic among community residents in a southern US state. In this cross-sectional study, 544 respondents were assessed during a period of reopening but accelerating infection rates. Validated measures were used to evaluate theoretically distinct dimensions of perceived global meaning (Meaning-in-Life Questionnaire) and pandemic-specific meaning (Meaning in Illness Scale). Adjustment outcomes included perceived stress, pandemic-related helplessness, and acceptance of the pandemic. In multivariate models that controlled for demographic and pandemic-related factors, stronger attained global meaning (i.e., perceptions that life is generally meaningful) and attained situational meaning (i.e., perceptions that the pandemic experience was comprehensible) were related to better adjustment on all three outcomes (all p's < .001). In contrast, seeking situational meaning (i.e., ongoing efforts to find coherence in the situation) was associated with poorer adjustment on all indices (all p's < .001). Results offer novel information regarding theoretically salient dimensions of meaning, which may have direct relevance for understanding how community residents adapt to the challenges of a major public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen C. Sherman
- Behavioral Medicine Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, #756, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Mark L. Williams
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Benjamin C. Amick
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Teresa J. Hudson
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Erick L. Messias
- Faculty Affairs and Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
- Present Address: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Stephanie Simonton-Atchley
- Behavioral Medicine Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, #756, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
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Zhou JJ, Tong P, Ren QZ, Li T, Zheng YJ, Shen QQ, Liang YY, Gao YL. Development and validation of the Sources of Meaning in Life Scale for the Elderly in China. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2068-2077. [PMID: 32677457 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1792411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who find meaning in life can endure 'any' pain. However, there were no tools to investigate elderly individuals' sources of meaning in life in China. This study aimed to develop the Sources of Meaning in Life Scale for the Elderly (SMSE), and examine the validation and reliability in Chinese elderly. METHODS A 43-item pool of SMSE was formed by combining the preliminary interview and literature review. A cross-sectional survey of 627 elderly people was then conducted in two community health service centers, two hospitals, and two nursing homes in Guangzhou by the convenience sampling method. Test-retest reliability was assessed with 24 elderly persons. RESULTS Six dimensions, containing family (four items), social support (four items), value (seven items), life security (four items), personal development (four items), and leisure activity (five items) explained 62.16% of the variance in total. Confirmatory factor analysis model fitting indices were χ2 = 694.652, df = 330, χ2/df = 2.105, SRMR = 0.0695, GFI = 0.853, IFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.889, CFI = 0.903, and RMSEA = 0.062. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was 0.924, while that of each dimension was between 0.727 and 0.870. The inter-class correlation (ICC) of the scale was 0.856. CONCLUSION The SMSE has good reliability and validity that can be used to evaluate the sources of meaning and meaning in life for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Tong
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Zhuo Ren
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zheng
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Shen
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Yi Liang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Gao
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Klussman K, Nichols AL, Curtin N, Langer J, Orehek E. Self‐connection and Well‐being: Development and validation of a Self‐connection scale. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Hallford DJ, Ricarte JJ, Hermans D. Perceived Autobiographical Coherence Predicts Depressive Symptoms Over Time Through Positive Self-Concept. Front Psychol 2021; 12:625429. [PMID: 33868092 PMCID: PMC8044926 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.625429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coherence of autobiographical memories plays an important role in psychological well-being, as borne out by recent studies. This study aimed to advance this understanding by assessing whether coherence predicted depressive symptoms over time in adults. Further, it aimed to specify mediators through which this association might occur, namely psychological resources of self-esteem self-efficacy, meaning in life, and optimism. A sample of 160 participants (M age = 26.4, SD = 3.2, 58.1% women) completed surveys at three time-points spaced 1 week apart. The surveys contained measures of the perceived coherence of life stories and autobiographical memories, psychological resources, and depressive symptoms. The results of a path analysis model, controlling for depressive symptoms at baseline, indicated that perceived causal coherence was the only unique predictor of later depressive symptoms, and that this occurred through positive self-concept, represented by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Limitations of the study include no examination of cultural background as a moderating factor and the short time-intervals. Overall, the findings provide further evidence that the perception of how events have unfolded and impacted on one's life and sense of self is particularly important in mitigating depressive symptoms. It extends on our understanding by showing this occurs through changes in self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit Institute of Neurological Disabilities (IDINE), Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Dirk Hermans
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Measuring perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem and social anxiety: Cross-national study in emerging adults from eight countries. Body Image 2020; 35:265-278. [PMID: 33126133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the measurement invariance of selected self-report measures of perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem and social anxiety in samples of emerging adults from eight different countries. Participants (N = 6272) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, the 5-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (5-item RSES) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS-6). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was run to examine cross-measure equivalence. Evidence for structural invariance was found for all questionnaires, while weak invariance was supported only for the 5-item RSES and the SIAS-6, and a partial weak invariance was found for the MPS and the UPPS-P. No measure achieved strong invariance. Strict invariance was achieved for the 5-item RSES, whereas only a partial strict invariance was supported for the MPS, UPPS-P and SIAS-6. These results suggest that perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem, and social anxiety are subjected to linguistic/cultural influence as well as to the effects of socio-demographic variables and can be evaluated by using the selected measures in eight different countries worldwide - but results should be interpreted with caution.
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The Psychometric Properties of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) in Patients with Life-Threatening Illnesses. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:8361602. [PMID: 32963500 PMCID: PMC7486629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8361602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meaning in life is one of the psychological domains that is most severely affected in patients with life-threatening illnesses. The importance of meaning-making mandates the development of reliable tools to assess this construct. Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) is one of the most valid and reliable instruments that determines the search for and presence of meaning in life. The present study was conducted to provide psychometric data on the MLQ in a sample of patients with life-threatening illnesses. Methods The MLQ was completed by 301 patients (aged 20–80 years) diagnosed with life-threatening illnesses (cancer and multiple sclerosis) and referred to hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson's correlation test were used to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire. Results The confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two-factor model of the MLQ, comprised of the presence of meaning (five items) and search for meaning (five items). The responses to the MLQ did not differ by sociodemographic factors. Most importantly, contrary to previous findings, the correlation between the two subscales, i.e., search for meaning and presence of meaning, was significant and positive. Conclusion The results showed that the MLQ is a valid and reliable measure for assessing meaning in life that can be applied in research on meaning in life among other patient populations.
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Aftab A, Lee EE, Klaus F, Daly R, Wu TC, Tu X, Huege S, Jeste DV. Meaning in Life and Its Relationship With Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Functioning: A Study of 1,042 Community-Dwelling Adults Across the Lifespan. J Clin Psychiatry 2019; 81:19m13064. [PMID: 31846240 PMCID: PMC7138140 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.19m13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of presence and search for meaning in life with age, physical and mental well-being, and cognitive functioning across the adult lifespan. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 1,042 adults in the Successful AGing Evaluation (SAGE)-a multicohort study of adult community-dwelling residents of San Diego County, California-were analyzed. Presence of meaning ("Presence") and search for meaning in life ("Search") were assessed with the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Physical and mental well-being were measured using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified was employed to screen for overall cognitive function. Study data were collected from January 2013 to June 2014. RESULTS Presence of meaning exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship whereas Search showed a U-shaped relationship with age (with Presence peaking and Search reaching the lowest point around age 60). Statistical modeling using generalized estimating equations revealed that physical well-being (SF-36 physical composite score) correlated negatively with age (P < .001) and positively with Presence (P < .001), and there was an age group x Presence interaction (P = .018), such that the relationship was stronger in subjects over age 60. Mental well-being correlated positively with age (P < .001) and Presence (P < .001) and negatively with Search (P = .002). Cognitive function correlated inversely with age (P < .001) and with Search (P < .001). Significant covariates of Presence and Search had small effect sizes, except for a medium effect size for satisfaction with life and Presence in adults over age 60 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Presence and search for meaning in life are important for health and well-being, though the relationships differ in adults younger and older than 60 years. Better understanding of the longitudinal relationships of meaning of life with well-being is warranted to design interventions to increase meaning of life and improve health and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Aftab
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ellen E. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Federica Klaus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rebecca Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xin Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Steven Huege
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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