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Bridgeman L, Juan C, Juan-García A, Berrada H. Individual and combined effect of acrylamide, fumitremorgin C and penitrem A on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114114. [PMID: 37879530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a chemical compound that can be formed in certain foods during high-temperature cooking processes such as frying, baking, and roasting. Exposure to AA has been linked to several neurological effects, including peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and impaired cognitive function. Penitrem A (PEN A) and Fumitremorgin C (FTC) are toxic mycotoxins produced by certain species of fungi, such as Penicillium Crustosum, Aspergillus Fumigatus and Neosartorya Fischeri. Both mycotoxins are commonly found in contaminated foods and animal feeds and have been linked to several adverse health effects in humans and animals, including the ability to disrupt normal functioning of the nervous system, tremors, seizures, muscle spasms, and convulsions. AA, PEN A, and FTC are all chemical contaminants. Understanding their toxicity and how they may affect human cells can help food safety authorities to establish safe exposure levels for these compounds through food and develop strategies to reduce their presence. The aim of this study was to explore the combined in vitro toxicological effects of AA, PEN A and FTC in SH-SY5Y cells. For this purpose, cells were treated with AA, FTC, and PEN A as an individual and combined treatment. The types of interactions were assessed by the isobologram analysis. The cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. Additive effect in binary and tertiary combinations was the major effect according to isobologram graphics. Our results demonstrate that PEN A possessed the highest potential in disturbing cell cycle progression by disrupting cell density in G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Bridgeman
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Houda Berrada
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
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Kachot RL, Patel UD, Patel HB, Modi CM, Chauhan R, Kariya MH, Bhadaniya AR. Neurotoxicity of acrylamide in adult zebrafish following short-term and long-term exposure: evaluation of behavior alterations, oxidative stress markers, expression of antioxidant genes, and histological examination of the brain and eyes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40116-40131. [PMID: 36607571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, 224 adult female zebrafish (56 fish in each group) were randomly divided into four groups (two control groups and two toxicity groups) as per duration of exposure (7 and 21 days). All fish of the two toxicity groups were exposed to 0.610 mM acrylamide (ACR) concentration for 7 and 21 days. The effects of ACR exposure on behavior, oxidative stress biomarkers, molecular expression of antioxidant genes (sod, cat, and nrf2), and histopathological examination of the brain and eye were examined. Our result shows that ACR exposure for 7 days produced an anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish. Short-term exposure of ACR resulted in alterations of oxidative stress markers (SOD and CAT activity, and the level of GSH and MDA) in the brain and eye of zebrafish. However, the antioxidant defense system of adult female zebrafish could be able to counteract the free radicals generated in long-term ACR exposure as indicated by non-significant difference in oxidative insult following short-term and long-term exposure. ACR exposure downregulated the mRNA expression of the sod, cat, and nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) genes in the brain and eye without significant difference between the two toxicity groups. Mild histological changes in the dorsal telencephalic area, tectum opticum, medulla, and hypothalamus area of the brain of zebrafish have been observed following short-term and long-term ACR exposure. In the eye, marked histological changes in the retinal pigmented epithelium layer (RPE), structural changes of the photoreceptor layer (PRL) with disorganized layer of rods and cones, and reduction of the relative thickness of the RPE, PRL, outer nuclear layer (ONL), and inner nuclear layer (INL) have been noted following ACR exposure for 21 days as compared to 7 days. ACR produced neurobehavioral aberrations and oxidative stress within 7 days of exposure, while various histological changes in the brain and eyes have been observed following long-term exposure (21 days) to ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh L Kachot
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Urvesh D Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India.
| | - Harshad B Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Chirag M Modi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - RadheyShyam Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayank H Kariya
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, 362 001, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit R Bhadaniya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
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Lauvås AJ, Lislien M, Holme JA, Dirven H, Paulsen RE, Alm IM, Andersen JM, Skarpen E, Sørensen V, Macko P, Pistollato F, Duale N, Myhre O. Developmental neurotoxicity of acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide in a human mixed culture of neurons and astrocytes undergoing differentiation in concentrations relevant for human exposure. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:33-48. [PMID: 35835329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were used to investigate effects of exposure to the food contaminant acrylamide (AA) and its main metabolite glycidamide (GA) on key neurodevelopmental processes. Diet is an important source of human AA exposure for pregnant women, and AA is known to pass the placenta and the newborn may also be exposed through breast feeding after birth. The NSCs were exposed to AA and GA (1 ×10-8 - 3 ×10-3 M) under 7 days of proliferation and up to 28 days of differentiation towards a mixed culture of neurons and astrocytes. Effects on cell viability was measured using Alamar Blue™ cell viability assay, alterations in gene expression were assessed using real time PCR and RNA sequencing, and protein levels were quantified using immunocytochemistry and high content imaging. Effects of AA and GA on neurodevelopmental processes were evaluated using endpoints linked to common key events identified in the existing developmental neurotoxicity adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). Our results suggest that AA and GA at low concentrations (1 ×10-7 - 1 ×10-8 M) increased cell viability and markers of proliferation both in proliferating NSCs (7 days) and in maturing neurons after 14-28 days of differentiation. IC50 for cell death of AA and GA was 5.2 × 10-3 M and 5.8 × 10-4 M, respectively, showing about ten times higher potency for GA. Increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concomitant with decreased synaptogenesis were observed for GA exposure (10-7 M) only at later differentiation stages, and an increased number of astrocytes (up to 3-fold) at 14 and 21 days of differentiation. Also, AA exposure gave tendency towards decreased differentiation (increased percent Nestin positive cells). After 28 days, neurite branch points and number of neurites per neuron measured by microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map2) staining decreased, while the same neurite features measured by βIII-Tubulin increased, indicating perturbation of neuronal differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jacobsen Lauvås
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Malene Lislien
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn Andreas Holme
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Elisabeth Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Margit Alm
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jill Mari Andersen
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Skarpen
- Core Facility for Advanced Light Microscopy, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Sørensen
- Core Facility for Advanced Light Microscopy, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Macko
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway.
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Uthra C, Reshi MS, Jaswal A, Yadav D, Shrivastava S, Sinha N, Shukla S. Protective efficacy of rutin against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, biochemical alterations and histopathological lesions in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:215-225. [PMID: 35237426 PMCID: PMC8882811 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is a well-known neurotoxicant and carcinogen. Apart from industrial exposure, acrylamide is also found in different food products. The present study deals with in vivo experiment to test the protective effect of rutin against acrylamide induced toxicity in rats. The study was carried out on female rats with exposure of acrylamide at the dose of 38.27 mg/kg body weight, orally for 10 days followed by the therapy of rutin (05, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg orally), for three consecutive days. All animals were sacrificed after 24 h of last treatment and various biochemical parameters in blood and tissue were investigated. Histopathology of liver, kidney and brain was also done. On administration of acrylamide for 10 days, neurotoxicity was observed in terms of decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress was observed in terms of increased lipid peroxidation, declined level of reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in liver, kidney and brain. Acrylamide exposure increased the activities of serum transaminases, lipid profile, bilirubin, urea, uric acid and creatinine in serum indicating damage. Our experimental results conclude that rutin showed remarkable protection against oxidative DNA damage induced by acrylamide, which may be due to its antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Uthra
- Correspondence address. Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO-Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474011, India. Tel: 9755952336 (M); E-mail:
| | - Mohd Salim Reshi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir, 185234, India
| | - Amita Jaswal
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO-Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474011, India
| | - Deepa Yadav
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO-Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474011, India
| | - Sadhana Shrivastava
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO-Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474011, India
| | - Neelu Sinha
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO-Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474011, India
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO-Trace Element Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474011, India
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An S, Shi J, Li Z, Feng M, Cao G. The effects of acrylamide-mediated dorsal root ganglion neurons injury on ferroptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221129786. [PMID: 36154307 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221129786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a water-soluble chemical applied in industrial and laboratory processes. The neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide involves both peripheral and central nervous system. Hence, there is a growing urgency to investigate the mechanisms of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and search novel therapeutic target for the nerve repair. The effects of ACR on the proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron production of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells were determined. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining and transwell assay were applied to detect the proliferation and migration capacity of DRG cells. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) was used to suppress ferroptosis induced by ACR. RT-PCR analysis was performed to examine the expression of neurotrophic factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Moreover, Iron, ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents were measured to reveal the regulation of ferroptosis in ACR-related nerve injury. ACR inhibited the proliferation and migration of DRG neurons and the supplementation of Fer-1 reversed the effects induced by ACR. Besides, the treatment of Fer-1 effectively increased the expression of NGF, BDNF, VEGF and GDNF. Furthermore, ACR increased the iron level, MDA and ROS contents while inhibited the level of GSH. It was unveiled that ACR attenuated the proliferation, migration and neuron repair of DRG neurons through regulating ferroptosis. The modulation of ferroptosis might be a promising therapeutic strategy and provide references for future treatment of acrylamide-induced nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai An
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- Cerebrovascular and Neuroscience Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglei Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hassan DM, Welson NN, Yassa HD. The Possible Protective Role of Dark Chocolate Against Acrylamide Neurotoxicity in Weaning Rats Cerebellum. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:234-244. [PMID: 34661852 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is selective neurotoxicity, could be found in foods processed by high temperature. This work aimed to evaluate the protective role of the dark chocolate (DC) against cerebellar neurotoxicity induced by subchronic ACR exposure in recently weaned rat pups and to propose it as protective supplement against dietary ACR hazards. Eighteen weaning pups were used in the current study and divided into three groups, six rats in each group; group 1 (control group), group 2 (ACR group), and group 3 (ACR + DC group). The pups were sacrificed after 21 days and the cerebellums were removed for light microscope using H&E stain, ultrastructural study, morphometric analysis of the neurons count, biochemical analysis of oxidant and antioxidant markers and real-time quantitative PCR to evaluate the nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 (Nr4a2) gene expression. Pups with ACR consumption showed signs of neuronal degeneration and reduced Nr4a2 expression. On the other hand, pups with ACR + DC consumption showed relative signs of neuronal restoration and enhanced Nr4a2 expression. In conclusion, DC can be used as effective supplement to decrease the dietary ACR cerebellar neuronal risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Hassan
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
| | - Nermeen N Welson
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan D Yassa
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Hashem HR. Evaluation of the postnatal effects induced by Diazinon on the Growth of the mice offspring and the development of their cerebellar cortex. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:539-554. [PMID: 34425578 DOI: 10.1159/000518993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heba R Hashem
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elsawy H, Alzahrani AM, Alfwuaires M, Sedky A, El-Trass EE, Mahmoud O, Abdel-Moneim AM, Khalil M. Analysis of silymarin-modulating effects against acrylamide-induced cerebellar damage in male rats: Biochemical and pathological markers. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 115:101964. [PMID: 33965515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrylamide (ACR) is a well-proven neurotoxin and potential food carcinogen in humans and rodent models. Silymarin (SIL) is a flavonoid mixture isolated from seeds, leaves, and fruits of Silymarin marianum (milk thistle) that possesses a free-radical scavenging effect. OBJECTIVE In this work, the primary focus was to investigate the efficacy of SIL to mitigate ACR-induced subacute neurotoxic effects and oxidative changes in rat cerebellum. METHODS Adult male rats were treated intraperitoneally with ACR (50 mg/kg) with or without SIL (160 mg/kg). The neuropathology and biochemical parameters viz. lipid peroxidation (measured as levels of malondialdehyde or MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), dopamine (DA), and cathepsin D (CTSD) in the cerebellum have been evaluated. RESULTS The data showed that ACR induced redox disruptions as measured by increased MDA levels and inhibition of CAT, SOD, and GPx antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, cerebellar monoamine neurotransmitters, 5-HT and DA, were depleted in ACR-treated rats. Furthermore, ACR administration caused a significant elevation of CTSD activity, indicating that ACR could trigger apoptosis or apoptosis-like death. At the tissue level, cerebellar cortex sections from ACR-treated animals were characterized by severe neuronal damage. The administration of SIL to ACR-treated rats remarkably alleviated all the aforementioned ACR-induced effects. CONCLUSION SIL has a potent therapeutic effect against ACR-induced cerebellar neurotoxicity in experimental rats via the attenuation of oxidative/antioxidative responses and the inhibition of CTSD-activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azza Sedky
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman E El-Trass
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Omar Mahmoud
- Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust: Harlow, Essex, Great Britain, United Kingdom.
| | - Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon.
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Lindeman B, Johansson Y, Andreassen M, Husøy T, Dirven H, Hofer T, Knutsen HK, Caspersen IH, Vejrup K, Paulsen RE, Alexander J, Forsby A, Myhre O. Does the food processing contaminant acrylamide cause developmental neurotoxicity? A review and identification of knowledge gaps. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:93-114. [PMID: 33617935 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a worldwide concern on adverse health effects of dietary exposure to acrylamide (AA) due to its presence in commonly consumed foods. AA is formed when carbohydrate rich foods containing asparagine and reducing sugars are prepared at high temperatures and low moisture conditions. Upon oral intake, AA is rapidly absorbed and distributed to all organs. AA is a known human neurotoxicant that can reach the developing foetus via placental transfer and breast milk. Although adverse neurodevelopmental effects have been observed after prenatal AA exposure in rodents, adverse effects of AA on the developing brain has so far not been studied in humans. However, epidemiological studies indicate that gestational exposure to AA impair foetal growth and AA exposure has been associated with reduced head circumference of the neonate. Thus, there is an urgent need for further research to elucidate whether pre- and perinatal AA exposure in humans might impair neurodevelopment and adversely affect neuronal function postnatally. Here, we review the literature with emphasis on the identification of critical knowledge gaps in relation to neurodevelopmental toxicity of AA and its mode of action and we suggest research strategies to close these gaps to better protect the unborn child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ylva Johansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilda Andreassen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim Hofer
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle K Knutsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida H Caspersen
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Vejrup
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Erdemli Z, Erdemli ME, Turkoz Y, Yigitcan B, Aladag MA, Cigremis Y, Cırık RH, Altinoz E, Bag HG. Vitamin E effects on developmental disorders in fetuses and cognitive dysfunction in adults following acrylamide treatment during pregnancy. Biotech Histochem 2021; 96:11-19. [PMID: 32347129 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1751880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of acrylamide (AA) and vitamin E treatment during pregnancy on brain tissues of fetuses and on adult rats. Pregnant rats were divided into five groups: control, corn oil, vitamin E, AA, vitamin E +AA. The rats administered AA received10 mg/kg/day and those administered vitamin E received 100 mg/kg/day both by via oral gavage for 20 days. On day 20 of pregnancy, half of the pregnant rats were removed by cesarean section in each group. Morphological development parameters were measured in each fetus and histopathological, biochemical and genetic analyses were conducted on the fetuses. The remaining pregnant rats in each group gave birth to the fetuses vaginally and biochemical, histopathological, genetic and cognitive function tests were conducted when the pups were 8 weeks old. AA administration caused adverse effects on fetus number, fetal weight, crown-rump length, placenta and brain weight. AA negatively affected malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, total oxidant and antioxidant status, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, brain tissue morphology, histopathology error score and gene expression (BDNF/β-actin mRNA ratio) in fetuses. AA administration caused disruption of biochemical, histopathological and cognitive functions in adult rats. Vitamin E provided protection against neurotoxicity in both fetuses and adult rats. We conclude that exposure to AA during pregnancy should be avoided and adequate amounts of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, should be consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Turkoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Birgul Yigitcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arif Aladag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Cigremis
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Rumeyza Hilal Cırık
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Karabuk University , Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
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Chen X, Xiao JW, Cao P, Zhang Y, Cai WJ, Song JY, Gao WM, Li B. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects against acrylamide-induced neuronal and synaptic injury via the TrkB-MAPK-Erk1/2 pathway. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:150-157. [PMID: 32788470 PMCID: PMC7818888 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide has been shown to be neurotoxic. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can alleviate acrylamide-induced synaptic injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-induced mature human neuroblastoma (NB-1) cells were exposed with 0–100 μg/mL acrylamide for 24–72 hours. Acrylamide decreased cell viability and destroyed synapses. Exposure of co-cultured NB-1 cells and Schwann cells to 0–100 μg/mL acrylamide for 48 hours resulted in upregulated expression of synapsin I and BDNF, suggesting that Schwann cells can activate self-protection of neurons. Under co-culture conditions, activation of the downstream TrkB-MAPK-Erk1/2 pathway strengthened the protective effect. Exogenous BDNF can increase expression of TrkB, Erk1/2, and synapsin I, while exogenous BDNF or the TrkB inhibitor K252a could inhibit these changes. Taken together, Schwann cells may act through the BDNF-TrkB-MAPK-Erk1/2 signaling pathway, indicating that BDNF plays an important role in this process. Therefore, exogenous BDNF may be an effective treatment strategy for acrylamide-induced nerve injury. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, a division of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (approval No. EAWE-2017-008) on May 29, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jian Cai
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yang Song
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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12
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Acrylamide-Induced Prenatal Programming of Bone Structure in Mammal Model. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a chemical substance with a potentially carcinogenic effect. Its presence in food or animal food arises from its thermal processing. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of AA exposure (3.0 mg/kg. b.w./day) of pregnant dams during the second half of the pregnancy on bone development in offspring. As an model animal, guinea pig was used. While term body weight of newborns was not influenced by maternal AA treatment, shorter bones with reduced bone diaphysis cross-sectional area were observed in experimental group. Numerous negative, offspring sex-dependent effects of maternal AA exposure were observed in femoral epiphysis and metaphysis as well as the articular and growth plate cartilages. These effects resulted from the AA-induced alterations in bone metabolism, as indicated by the changes in the expression of numerous proteins involved in bone development: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), all of whose expression was measured as well as distribution of immature collagen fibres was determined. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the exposure of pregnant dams to AA negatively affected the structure of compact bone in bone diaphysis, microarchitecture of trabecular bone in metaphysis and epiphysis as well as the structure of the articular and growth plate cartilages in their offspring. The AA-induced bone impairment increased osteoclast differentiation, as observed through the change in the RANKL/OPG ratio, which in turn inhibited osteoblast function by decreasing the expression of other proteins. The data of the present study suggests that maternal AA exposure can result in insufficient bone gain and even bone loss after the birth.
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13
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Khiralla G, Elhariry H, Selim SM. Chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles attenuate acrylamide-induced brain injury in rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13413. [PMID: 32748421 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is produced during food processing and has been shown to cause health problems. Selenium, especially in its nanoscale, is an important trace element in human nutrition. Chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (Ch-SeNPs) stability and its protective potential against ACR-induced injury in rats were evaluated. Ch-SeNPs displayed high radical-scavenging activity and reducing power that were not significantly changed for 60 days at 4°C. The transmission electron microscopy images and dynamic light scattering results demonstrated high stability of Ch-SeNPs during storage. ACR (20 mg kg-1 day-1) led to elevate the level of malondialdehyde, dopamine and noradrenaline in blood serum, and cerebral cortex. Ch-SeNPs (0.2 mg kg-1 day-1) displayed more protection against ACR-induced damages comparing to Na2SeO3. More than 90% of the glutathione pool in the brain tissue was in reduced form. Correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated the attenuating effect of Ch-SeNPs against ACR-induced brain-injury and hormone imbalance. Administrating Ch-SeNPs 15 days before ACR-treatment is required for obtaining the best protection. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ch-SeNPs used in the present study characterized by its high storage stability for two months without losing its antioxidant potential. After conducting toxicity tests, it is suggested to supplement some foods with Ch-SeNPs because of its high antioxidant potential and significant protection ability against the oxidative stress damages in living organisms. These advantages may nominate the Ch-SeNPs for several industrial applications in the field of food processing and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Khiralla
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hesham Elhariry
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shawky M Selim
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Bu Q, Huang Y, Li M, Dai Y, Fang X, Chen K, Liu Q, Xue A, Zhong K, Huang Y, Gao H, Cen X. Acrylamide exposure represses neuronal differentiation, induces cell apoptosis and promotes tau hyperphosphorylation in hESC-derived 3D cerebral organoids. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111643. [PMID: 32763439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a common food contaminant with neurotoxic effects that are formed in the Maillard browning reaction during the heat processing of food. Importantly, pregnant women are also exposed to ACR in food during pregnancy and thus, the fetus is likely affected. However, the mechanisms of ACR-caused neurotoxicity on human brain development are still unclear. Many recent studies employed cerebral organoids based on human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for investigating human neurodevelopmental disorders and toxicity. Here, we generated hESC-derived cerebral organoids to evaluate the neurodevelopmental toxicity of ACR. The results indicated that exposure to ACR significantly altered the transcriptional profile, increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated gene expression, induced cell apoptosis, repressed neuronal differentiation, and promoted tau hyperphosphorylation in cerebral organoids, which may contribute to ACR-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. These results indicate that the risk of transplacental exposure of the fetus to ACR should be evaluated and pregnant mothers should limit their exposure to ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bu
- West China School of Public Health and Heathy Food Evaluation Research Center and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Huang
- West China School of Public Health and Heathy Food Evaluation Research Center and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanping Dai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ke Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aiqin Xue
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yina Huang
- West China School of Public Health and Heathy Food Evaluation Research Center and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- West China School of Public Health and Heathy Food Evaluation Research Center and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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15
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Dasari S, Gonuguntla S, Yellanurkonda P, Nagarajan P, Meriga B. Sensitivity of glutathione S-transferases to high doses of acrylamide in albino wistar rats: Affinity purification, biochemical characterization and expression analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109416. [PMID: 31301596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to purify the glutathione S-transfereses (GSTs) and assess the effect of high doses of acrylamide (ACR) on male albino Wistar rat liver, kidney, testis and bran GST activities, and expression analysis of GST. ACR (50 mg/300 ml) was ingested for 40 days (20 doses) in drinking water on alternative days, on 40 day post ingestion the control and treated tissues were collected for GST purification by affinity column and biochemical characterization of GSTs by substrate specificities, and GST expression by immuno dot blots. In the analysis of the purified GSTs, we observed that liver GSTs were resolved in to three bands known as Yc, Yb and Ya; kidney GSTs were resolved in to two bands known as Yc and Ya; testis and brain GSTs were resolved as four bands known as Yc, Yb, Yβ and Yδ on 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS PAGE). In the analysis of biochemical characterization, we observed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the specific activities of liver GST isoforms with the substrates 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), bromosulfophthalein (BSP), p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA), p-nitrobenzyl chloride (pNBC) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), but showed no activity with ethacrynic acid (ECA) and significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the specific activities of kidney GST isoforms with the substrates CDNB, pNPA, pNBC and CHP, but showed no activity with BSP and ECA, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the specific activities of testis and brain GST isoforms with the substrates CDNB, BSP, pNPA, pNBC, ECA and CHP. In the analysis of immuno dot blots, we observed a decreased expression of liver, kidney, testis and brain GSTs. Through the affinity purification and biochemical characterization, we observed a tissue specific distribution of GSTs that is liver GSTs possess Yc, Yb and Ya sub units known as alpha (α) and mu (μ) class GSTs; kidney GSTs possess Yc and Ya sub units known as (α) alpha class GST; testis and brain GSTs possess Yc, Yb, Yβ and Yδ sub units known as alpha (α), mu (μ) and pi (π) class GSTs. Purification studies, biochemical characterization and immuno dot blot analysis were revealed the GSTs were sensitive to high doses of ACR and the high level exposure to ACR cause the damage of detoxification function of GST due to decreased expression and hence lead to cellular dysfunction of vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sailaja Gonuguntla
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Prabhusaran Nagarajan
- Research Laboratory of Leptospirosis and Medical Nanotechnology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Elblehi SS, El Euony OI, El-Sayed YS. Apoptosis and astrogliosis perturbations and expression of regulatory inflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity under ω3 fatty acids protection in rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 76:44-57. [PMID: 31647937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8) as follows: control, ω3 fatty acids (1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally), ACR-treated (50 mg/kg bwt/day IP) and ACR plus ω3 fatty acids group. Treatments were performed every other day for 21 consecutive days. ACR induced abnormal gait and elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), brain and spinal cord MDA levels and decreased brain and spinal cord GSH levels. Moreover, it reduced neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin and noradrenaline levels) and increased AChE activity in brain tissues. Histopathologically, ACR caused various degenerative changes, necrosis and glial cell activation in the cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, spinal cord and sciatic nerve. Likewise, the histomorphometric analysis was constant with ACR-induced neurotoxicity. The ACR induced axonal atrophy and myelin disruption and decreased g-ratio of the sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemically, strong positive expressions of apoptotic marker caspase-3 and astroglial GFAP in the examined tissues were detected. Contrariwise, concurrent administration of ω3 fatty acids partially attenuated ACR impacts, as it improved the gait performance, reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulate the levels of the neurotransmitters. It also ameliorated the intensity of ACR-induced histopathological and histomorphometric alterations within the examined nervous tissues. It could be concluded that ω3 fatty acids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potentials against ACR neurotoxicity via suppression of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of AChE activity and downregulation of caspase-3 and GFAP expressions in the nervous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Omnia I El Euony
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
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17
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Glutathione S-transferase is a good biomarker in acrylamide induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 11:115-121. [PMID: 31719782 PMCID: PMC6829684 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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18
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Allam AA, Othman SI, Mahmoud AM. Deleterious effects of perinatal exposure to potassium bromate on the development of offspring of Swiss mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:63-78. [PMID: 30803421 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718814971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal potassium bromate (KBrO3) exposure on the development of sensorimotor reflexes and redox status, and on the histological architecture of the brain, liver, and kidney of newborn mice. Pregnant mice received 1-ml bottled drinking water daily by oral intubation and served as the control group. Another group of pregnant mice were supplemented orally with 200 mg/kg body weight KBrO3 dissolved in drinking water from gestation day 5 to postnatal day 21. KBrO3 induced a decrease in the postnatal body weight in the newborn mice. KBrO3-exposed newborn mice showed poor performance and delayed development of the sensorimotor reflexes. Histological changes, increased lipid peroxidation, and altered antioxidants were reported in the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, liver, and kidney of the KBrO3-exposed newborn mice. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that perinatal exposure to bromate induced oxidative stress, histological and behavioral alterations, and was a potential teratogen in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Allam
- 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Chen X, Wang X, Yang Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Gao W, Xiao J, Li B. Schwann cells protect against CaMKII- and PKA-dependent Acrylamide-induced Synapsin I phosphorylation. Brain Res 2018; 1701:18-27. [PMID: 30028969 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of Acrylamide (ACR), as well as the influence of Schwann cells (SCs), on the signal transduction pathway and phosphorylation of Synapsin I in a Human neuroblastoma cell line (NB-1). METHODS NB-1s, NB-1s co-cultured with SCs, and a negative control group (NB-1 cells without ACR) were exposed to gradient concentrations of ACR for 48 h. Cell proliferation and viability were determined by MTT. Protein and mRNA expression levels of typical kinases (i.e., cAMP-dependent protein kinase [PKA], calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II [CaMKII], and mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases [MAPK-Erk]), their phosphorylation status, as well as Synapsin I and its phosphorylation status, were tested by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Further, the effect of SCs on ACR-induced NB-1 cell toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS (1) The MTT assay showed a sustained, dose- and time-dependent inhibition of NB-1s exposed to ACR. (2) ACR exposure increased the phosphorylation of CaMKII and PKA, which subsequently increased the phosphorylation of Synapsin I (at Serine603 [a substrate site of CaMKII] and Serine9 [a substrate site of PKA]). Pretreatment with CaMKII and PKA inhibitors blocked the ACR-mediated increase in phosphorylation. The above-described results were all significantly different when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). (3) When co-cultured with SCs, ACR-induced NB-1 inhibition was obviously decreased, and the trend of change of phosphorylated CaMKII, PKA, and Synapsin I were changed (first slightly increased and then decreased), which was inconsistent with what we observed in NB-1s cultured alone. CONCLUSIONS The toxic effects of ACR on neurons may be mediated by CaMKII and PKA-dependent signaling pathways in which Synapsin I may act as a downstream effector. Furthermore, glial cells (SCs) may be able to prevent a certain degree of ACR-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yiguang Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongsheng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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20
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Erdemli ME, Aksungur Z, Gul M, Yigitcan B, Bag HG, Altinoz E, Turkoz Y. The effects of acrylamide and vitamin E on kidneys in pregnancy: an experimental study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:3747-3756. [PMID: 29764249 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1471675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate possible damages to kidney tissues of pregnant rats and their fetuses exposed to acrylamide during pregnancy and possible protective effects of vitamin E against these damages. Material and methods: Rats were randomly assigned to five groups of control, corn oil, vitamin E, acrylamide, vitamin E + acrylamide, six pregnant rats in each. Mother and fetal kidney tissues were examined for malondialdehyde (MDA), reductase glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), urea, creatine, trace elements such as Zn and Cu in the serum and histopathological analyses were conducted. Results: It was determined that acrylamide, administered during pregnancy, statistically significantly increased MDA and TOS levels, maternal serum urea, creatinine, and Zn levels, while it decreased GSH, TAS, SOD, and CAT levels (p ≤ .05) when compared with all other groups in the kidney tissues of pregnant rats and their fetuses and caused tubular degeneration, hemorrhage, narrowing, and closure in Bowman's space, and, in the E vitamin group, it statistically significantly increased GSH, TAS, SOD, CAT, urea, creatinine, and Zn levels when compared with other groups and lowered TOS and MDA levels to those of the control group (p < .05) and there were no differences between the groups histologically. Conclusion: It was observed that acrylamide administered during pregnancy caused oxidative stress in kidney tissues of mother rats and their fetuses, resulting in tissue damage, and vitamin E application, which is considered to be a powerful antioxidant, inhibited oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Nigde Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aksungur
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Birgul Yigitcan
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- d Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- e Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Karabuk University , Karabuk , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Turkoz
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
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Acrylamide applied during pregnancy causes the neurotoxic effect by lowering BDNF levels in the fetal brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 67:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Protective effect of Hesperidin and Tiger nut against Acrylamide toxicity in female rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:580-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Allam AA. Drinking desalinated seawater for a long time induces anomalies in the development of new-born albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1306-1321. [PMID: 28855826 PMCID: PMC5562477 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the abnormalities in the development of rat brains, livers, kidney and behaviours after drinking desalinated seawater prenatally. Three types of drinking water were employed as an experimental probe (bottled water, filtered desalinated seawater and tap desalinated seawater) to investigate neurobehavioral and morphological changes in the development of pup rats. Female rats from each group were administered water from their birth until gestation and lactation. The 1st and 2nd generation pups were divided into three groups: Group C, mothers and pups administered with bottled drinking water (the control group); Group F, mothers and pups administered with filtered drinking water; Group T, mothers and pups administered with unfiltered desalinated seawater (tap water). Morphological changes (CNS aberration) and neurobehavioral changes were studied. The aberrations recorded in the tissues (brain, liver, kidney and spinal cord) of rats from groups T and F may be due to oxidative stress in these tissues such as reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, peroxidase and super oxide dismutase. In conclusion, drinking desalinated seawater for a long time may cause teratogenic effects in the development of New-born rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Allam
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Esposito F, Nardone A, Fasano E, Triassi M, Cirillo T. Determination of acrylamide levels in potato crisps and other snacks and exposure risk assessment through a Margin of Exposure approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:249-256. [PMID: 28811114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potato crisps, corn-based extruded snacks and other savoury snacks are very popular products especially among younger generations. These products could be a potential source of acrylamide (AA), a toxic compound which could develop during frying and baking processes. The purpose of this study was the assessment of the dietary intake to AA across six groups of consumers divided according to age through the consumption of potato crisps and other snacks, in order to eventually evaluate the margin of exposure (MOE) related to neurotoxic and carcinogenic critical endpoints. Different brands of potato crisps and other popular snacks were analyzed through a matrix solid-phase dispersion method followed by a bromination step and GC-MS quantification. The concentration of detected AA ranged from 21 to 3444 ng g-1 and the highest level occurred in potato crisps samples which showed a median value of 968 ng g-1. The risk characterization through MOE assessment revealed that five out of six consumers groups showed higher exposure values associated with an augmented carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100 - 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Evelina Fasano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100 - 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100 - 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
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Lipoic acid prevents acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in CD-1 mice and BV2 microglial cells via maintaining redox homeostasis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Ghorbel I, Amara IB, Ktari N, Elwej A, Boudawara O, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Aluminium and Acrylamide Disrupt Cerebellum Redox States, Cholinergic Function and Membrane-Bound ATPase in Adult Rats and Their Offspring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:335-346. [PMID: 27116954 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of aluminium and acrylamide in food is a major source of human exposure. Their adverse effects are well documented, but there is no information about the health problems arising from their combined exposure. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible neurotoxic effects after co-exposure of pregnant and lactating rats to aluminium and acrylamide in order to evaluate redox state, cholinergic function and membrane-bound ATPases in the cerebellum of adult rats and their progeny. Pregnant female rats have received aluminium (50 mg/kg body weight) via drinking water and acrylamide (20 mg/kg body weight) by gavage, either individually or in combination from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Exposure to these toxicants provoked an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels and a decrease in SOD, CAT, GPx, Na+K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and AChE activities in the cerebellum of mothers and their suckling pups. A reduction in GSH, NPSH and vitamin C levels was also observed. These changes were confirmed by histological results. Interestingly, co-exposure to these toxicants exhibited synergism based on physical and biochemical variables in the cerebellum of mothers and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghorbel
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, LR 11/ ES-53 Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, LR 11/ ES-53 Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Naourez Ktari
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Elwej
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, LR 11/ ES-53 Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ons Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, LR 11/ ES-53 Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Erdemli ME, Altinoz E, Aksungur Z, Turkoz Y, Dogan Z, Gozukara Bag H. Biochemical investigation of the toxic effects of acrylamide administration during pregnancy on the liver of mother and fetus and the protective role of vitamin E. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:844-848. [PMID: 27161006 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1188381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the toxic effects occurring in the liver tissues of the pregnant rats and the fetuses, which are administered acrylamide and vitamin E as a protector during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was conducted with the permission of Laboratory Animals Ethical Board of Inonu University Faculty of Medicine. Forty rats, of which their pregnancy is validated via vaginal smear, were distributed into five different groups. On the 20th day of pregnancy, pregnant rats and fetuses are decapitated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and xanthine oxidase (XO) levels were measured in the liver samples taken from mother and fetuses. RESULTS It was detected that acrylamide administered during pregnancy increased MDA, TOS, XO levels statistically significantly and decreased the GSH level (p ≤ 0.05) in the pregnant rat liver tissue when compared to all other groups. In the vitamin E administered group; GSH, TAS levels significantly increased statistically and TOS and XO levels dropped to levels of the control group (p ≤ 0.05), in comparison to all other groups. Among all groups, no biochemical changes were observed in the fetus liver tissue (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The liver of pregnant rats functions as a protective pre-filter by detoxifying acrylamide effectively and the acrylamide that reaches fetus liver is detoxified by the cytochrome P-450 system of the fetus liver. To be able to figure out the biochemical mechanism, more advanced studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Faculty, Karabuk University , Karabuk , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aksungur
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Turkoz
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Zumrut Dogan
- c Department of Anatomy , Medical Faculty, Adıyaman University , Adıyaman , Turkey , and
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- d Department of Biostatistics , Medical Faculty, Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
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Al-Gholam MA, Nooh HZ, El-Mehi AE, El-Barbary AEM, Fokar AZE. Protective effect of rosemary on acrylamide motor neurotoxicity in spinal cord of rat offspring: postnatal follow-up study. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:34-49. [PMID: 27051566 PMCID: PMC4819076 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct interactive effects of rosemary and acrylamide on the development of motor neurons in the spinal cord remains unknown. Our goal is to confirm the protective effects of rosemary against motor neuronal degeneration induced by acrylamide in the developing postnatal rat spinal cord using a postnatal rat model. We assigned the offspring of treated female rats into control, rosemary; acrylamide group; and recovery groups. This work depended on clinical, histopathological, morphometrically, immunohistochemical and genetic methods. In the acrylamide group, we observed oxidation, motor neuron degeneration, apoptosis, myelin degeneration, neurofilament reduction, reactive gliosis. Whoever, concomitant rosemary intake and withdrawal of acrylamide modulate these effects. These findings proof that dietary rosemary can directly protect motor neuron against acrylamide toxicity in the mammalian developing spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Al-Gholam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Zakaria Nooh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Mehi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Moneum El-Barbary
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zo El Fokar
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
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Erdemli ME, Turkoz Y, Altinoz E, Elibol E, Dogan Z. Investigation of the effects of acrylamide applied during pregnancy on fetal brain development in rats and protective role of the vitamin E. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1337-1344. [PMID: 26916244 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116632049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A liberal amount of acrylamide (AA) is produced as a result of frying or baking foods in high temperatures, and individuals take certain amounts of AA everyday by consuming these food items. Pregnant women are also exposed to AA originating from food during pregnancy and their fetus are probably affected. The rats were divided into five different groups: control (C), corn oil (CO), vitamin E (Vit E), AA, and Vit E + AA, with eight pregnant rats in each group. On the 20th day of pregnancy, fetuses were removed and brain tissues of fetuses were examined for biochemical and histological changes. AA caused degeneration in neuron structures in fetal brain tissue and caused hemorrhagic damages; dramatically decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels; increased malondialdehyde, total oxidant capacity levels; and decreased reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that the Vit E, a neuroprotectant and a powerful antioxidant, suppressed the effects of AA on fetal development and fetal brain tissue damage for the above-mentioned parameters (p < 0.05). It is recommended to consume food containing Vit E as a protection to minimize the toxic effects of food-oriented AA on fetus development due to the widespread nature of fast-food culture in today's life and the impossibility of protection from AA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Erdemli
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Turkoz
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - E Altinoz
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - E Elibol
- Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Z Dogan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Protective Effect of Parsley Juice (Petroselinum crispum, Apiaceae) against Cadmium Deleterious Changes in the Developed Albino Mice Newborns (Mus musculus) Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2646840. [PMID: 26966507 PMCID: PMC4761399 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2646840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parsley was used as a probe of the current experiment to prevent the behavioral, morphological and biochemical changes in the newborn brain following the administration of cadmium (Cd) to the pregnant mice. The nonanesthetized pregnant mice were given daily parsley juice (Petroselinum crispum) at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. Pregnant mothers were given Cd at a dose of 30 mg/kg divided into 3 equal times. The newborns have been divided into 6 groups: Group A, mothers did not take treatment; Groups B and C, mothers were treated with low and high dose of parsley, respectively; Group D, mothers were treated only with Cd (perinatal intoxication); Groups E and F, mothers were treated with Cd doses and protected by low and high doses of parsley, respectively. Light microscopy showed that Cd-induced neuronal degeneration by chromatolysis and pyknosis in the brain regions. The low dose of parsley 10 g/kg/day exhibited significant effects in neutralizing and reducing the deleterious changes due to Cd exposure during pregnancy on the behavioral activities, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and brain neurons morphology of the mice newborns.
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Maodaa SN, Allam AA, Ajarem J, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Al-Basher GI, Wang ZY. Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum, Apiaceae) juice against cadmium neurotoxicity in albino mice (Mus musculus). Behav Brain Funct 2016; 12:6. [PMID: 26846273 PMCID: PMC4743362 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Parsley was employed as an experimental probe to prevent the behavioral, biochemical and morphological changes in the brain tissue of the albino mice following chronic cadmium (Cd) administration. Methods
Non-anesthetized adult male mice were given parsley juice (Petroselinum crispum, Apiaceae) daily by gastric intubation at doses of 10 and 20 g/kg/day. The animals were divided into six groups: Group A, mice were exposed to saline; Groups B and C, were given low and high doses of parsley juice, respectively; Group D, mice were exposed to Cd; Groups E and F, were exposed to Cd and concomitantly given low and high doses of parsley, respectively. Results Cd intoxication can cause behavioral abnormalities, biochemical and histopathological disturbances in treated mice. Parsley juice has significantly improved the Cd-associated behavioral changes, reduced the elevation of lipid peroxidation and normalized the Cd effect on reduced glutathione and peroxidase activities in the brain of treated mice. Histological data have supported these foundations whereas Cd treatment has induced neuronal degeneration, chromatolysis and pyknosis in the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Conclusion The low dose (5 g/kg/day) of parsley exhibited beneficial effects in reducing the deleterious changes associated with Cd treatment on the behavior, neurotransmitters level, oxidative stress and brain neurons of the Cd-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh N Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gadah I Al-Basher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zun Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Santhanasabapathy R, Vasudevan S, Anupriya K, Pabitha R, Sudhandiran G. Farnesol quells oxidative stress, reactive gliosis and inflammation during acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity: Behavioral and biochemical evidence. Neuroscience 2015; 308:212-27. [PMID: 26341906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is an industrial pollutant, to which humans are exposed through chemicals associated with day to day human life and contributes to neurological disorders. The role of reactive gliosis upon toxic insults remains paradoxical, and the immunomodulatory events during ACR intoxication remain obscure. In view of this, the present study investigated ACR-induced (20mg/kgb.wt for 4weeks) neurodegeneration in the context of oxidative stress and associated inflammatory events and the ability of farnesol, a sesquiterpene, to mitigate reactive gliosis in the brain of Swiss albino mice. Farnesol supplementation (100mg/kgb.wt.) showed a marked improvement in gait performance, neuromuscular function and fine motor coordination and attenuated ACR-induced diminution in glutathione (GSH) with parallel reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls, hydroxide, hydroperoxide and nitrite levels. Farnesol treatment significantly ameliorated ACR-mediated histological aberrations and reactive gliosis by downregulating Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Ionizsed calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Further, ACR stimulated increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were considerably decreased by farnesol. In conclusion, our findings indicate that farnesol exerts neuroprotective efficacy during ACR-induced neuropathology by suppressing reactive gliosis and associated inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santhanasabapathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil nadu, India
| | - S Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil nadu, India
| | - K Anupriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil nadu, India
| | - R Pabitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil nadu, India
| | - G Sudhandiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil nadu, India.
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Krishna G, Divyashri G, Prapulla SG, Muralidhara. A Combination Supplement of Fructo- and Xylo-Oligosaccharides Significantly Abrogates Oxidative Impairments and Neurotoxicity in Maternal/Fetal Milieu Following Gestational Exposure to Acrylamide in Rat. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1904-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lebda MA, Gad SB, Rashed RR. The effect of lipoic acid on acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats with reference to biochemical, hematological, and behavioral alterations. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1207-1213. [PMID: 25853975 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.970288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acrylamide (ACR) is a well-known neurotoxicant and carcinogenic agent which poses a greater risk for human and animal health. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the beneficial effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on ACR-induced neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 male rats were divided into four groups: a placebo group; LA-treated group, administered orally 1% (w/w) LA mixed with diet; ACR-treated group, given 0.05% (w/v) ACR dissolved in drinking water; and LA + ACR-treated group, given LA 1% 7 d before and along with ACR 0.05% for 21 d. After 28 d, blood samples were collected, the rats were decapitated, and the tissues were excised for the measurement of brain biomarkers, antioxidant status, and hematological analysis. Also, the gait score of rats was evaluated. RESULTS ACR-exposed rats exhibited abnormal gait deficits with significant (p < 0.05) decline in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and creatine kinase in serum and brain tissues, respectively. However, the lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased in serum by 123%, although it decreased in brain tissues by -74%. ACR significantly (p < 0.05) increased the malondialdehyde level by 273% with subsequent depletion of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and reduced the glutathione (GSH) level in brain tissue. Interestingly, LA significantly (p < 0.05) improved brain enzymatic biomarkers, attenuated lipid peroxidation (LPO), and increased antioxidant activities compared with the ACR-treated group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggested that LA may have a role in the management of ACR-induced oxidative stress in brain tissues through its antioxidant activity, attenuation of LPO, and improvement of brain biomarkers.
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Pan X, Zhu L, Lu H, Wang D, Lu Q, Yan H. Melatonin Attenuates Oxidative Damage Induced by Acrylamide In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:703709. [PMID: 26185593 PMCID: PMC4491391 DOI: 10.1155/2015/703709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) has been classified as a neurotoxic agent in animals and humans. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to be potentially effective in preventing oxidative stress related neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, whether MT exerted a protective effect against ACR-induced oxidative damage was investigated. Results in cells showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased after ACR treatment for 24 h. MT preconditioning or cotreatment with ACR reduced ROS and MDA products, whereas the inhibitory effect of MT on oxidant generation was attenuated by blocking the MT receptor. Increased DNA fragmentation caused by ACR was significantly decreased by MT coadministration. In vivo, rats at 40 mg/kg/day ACR by gavage for 12 days showed weight loss and gait abnormality, Purkinje cell nuclear condensation, and DNA damage in rat cerebellum. MT (i.p) cotreatment with ACR not only recovered weight and gait of rats, but also decreased nuclear condensation and DNA damage in rat cerebellum. Using MDA generation, glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in rat cerebellum as indicators, MT alleviated ACR-induced lipid peroxidation and depressed antioxidant capacity. Our results suggest that MT effectively prevents oxidative damage induced by ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Pan
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lanlan Zhu
- Sanya Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Shanghai Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Dun Wang
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Krishna G. Inulin supplementation during gestation mitigates acrylamide-induced maternal and fetal brain oxidative dysfunctions and neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 49:49-58. [PMID: 25801384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the developing brain is more susceptible to a variety of chemicals. Recent studies have shown a link between the enteric microbiota and brain function. While supplementation of non-digestible oligosaccharides during pregnancy has been demonstrated to positively influence human health mediated through stimulation of beneficial microbiota, our understanding on their neuromodulatory propensity is limited. In the present study, our primary focus was to examine whether supplementation of inulin (a well known fructan) during gestation can abrogate acrylamide (ACR)-induced oxidative impairments and neurotoxicity in maternal and fetal brain of rats. Initially, in a dose-determinative study, we recapitulated the impact of ACR exposure during gestation days (GD 6-19) on gestational parameters, extent of oxidative impairments in brain (maternal/fetal), cholinergic function and neurotoxicity. Subsequently, pregnant rats orally (gavage) administered with inulin (IN, 2 g/kg/day in two equal installments) supplements during gestation days (GD 0-19) were exposed to ACR (200 ppm) in drinking water. IN supplements significantly attenuated ACR-induced changes in exploratory activity (reduced open field exploration) measured on GD 14. Further, IN restored the placental weights among ACR exposed dams. Analysis of biochemical markers revealed that IN supplements effectively offset ACR associated oxidative stress not only in the maternal brain, but in the fetal brain as well. Elevated levels of protein carbonyls in maternal brain regions were completely normalized with IN supplements. More importantly, IN supplements significantly augmented the number of Bifidobacteria in the cecum of ACR rats which correlated well with the neurorestorative effect as evidenced by restored dopamine levels in the maternal cortex and fetal brain acetylcholinesterase activity among ACR-exposed dams. Further, IN supplements also conferred significant protection against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ACR in both milieus. Although the precise mechanism/s by which IN supplements during pregnancy attenuate ACR induced neurotoxic impact merits further investigations, we hypothesize that it may mediate through enhanced enteric microbiota and abrogation of oxidative stress. Further, our study provides an experimental approach to explore the neuroprotective role of prebiotic oligosaccharides during pregnancy in reducing the adverse impact of developmental neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Krishna
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
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Al-Serwi RH, Ghoneim FM. The impact of vitamin E against acrylamide induced toxicity on skeletal muscles of adult male albino rat tongue: Light and electron microscopic study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015; 3:137-147. [PMID: 30023192 PMCID: PMC6014282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide, one of the major environmental public health problems, results from its increased accumulation in the process of cooking food materials. This study aimed to demonstrate the light and electron microscopic structural effects of acrylamide on the skeletal muscle fibers of adult male albino rat tongue and to investigate the possible protective effect of vitamin E co-administration. Thirty adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, each group included 10 rats. Group I (control), group II which was subdivided into two equal subgroups: subgroup IIa: included 5 rats that received acrylamide orally once daily for 20 days. Subgroup IIb: included 5 rats that received acrylamide orally once daily for 40 days. Group III was also subdivided into two equal subgroups: subgroup IIIa: included 5 rats that received acrylamide and vitamin E orally once daily for 20 days. Subgroup IIIb: included 5 rats that received acrylamide and vitamin E orally once daily for 40 days. At the end of the experiment the tongue was dissected out for histological and electron microscopic studies, another muscle sample was homogenized and processed for biochemical estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Light microscopic study of tongue skeletal muscles in acrylamide exposed animals revealed abnormal wavy course and splitting of the muscle fibers with fatty infiltration in between. Moreover, pyknosis and remnants of nuclei were detected. EM revealed marked aggregation of mitochondria of different size and shape with giant cells formation, and partial loss of myofilaments. There were statistically significant increase in MDA and decrease in TAC indicating oxidative stress in acrylamide administrated groups (group II) than the control group which increased by prolonged duration (subgroup IIb versus subgroup IIa, p < 0.0001). This oxidative stress could explain the histological changes in tongue muscles of acrylamide exposed rats. Co-administration of vitamin E with acrylamide ameliorated most of the above mentioned histological changes in the animals used and signs of improvement that became better with prolonged administration of it (subgroup IIIb versus subgroup IIIa, p < 0.0001) were detected. It could be concluded that, chronic exposure to acrylamide might lead to skeletal muscle damage in rat tongue which becomes worth with prolonged duration of exposure. Acrylamide induced oxidative stress is the implicated mechanism of such histological changes. This toxic effect of acrylamide could be minimized when vitamin E is given concomitantly with it by its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Al-Serwi
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Ghoneim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Hazardous effects of fried potato chips on the development of retina in albino rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:253-60. [PMID: 23569770 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hazardous effects of fried potato chips upon the retina of two developmental stages of the albino rats aged 7 and 14 days from parturition. METHODS PREGNANT RATS WERE ARRANGED INTO TWO GROUPS: control pregnant rats and consequently their delivered newborns until reaching 7 and 14 days old from parturition and fried potato chips group in which pregnant rats at the 6th day of gestation maintained on diet formed of fried potato chips supplied from the market mixed with standard diet at a concentration of 50% per each till 7 and 14 post-partum. Three fold integrated approaches were adopted, namely, histological, ultrastructural and proteomic analysis. RESULTS Histological examination of the retina of the experimental offsprings revealed many histopathological changes, including massive degeneration, vacuolization and cell loss in the ganglion cell layer, as well as general reduction in retinal size. At the ultrastructural level, the retina of experimental offsprings exhibited number of deformities, including ill differentiated and degenerated nuclear layer, malformed and vacuolated pigment epithelium with vesiculated and fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum, degenerated outer segment of photoreceptors, as well as swollen choriocapillaris and loss of neuronal cells. Proteomic analysis of retina of the two experimental developmental stages showed variations in the expressed proteins as a result of intoxication which illustrated the adverse toxic effects of fried potato chips upon the retina. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the effect of fried potato chips on the development of retina in rats may be due to the presence of acrylamide or its metabolite.
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Ali MA, Aly EM, Elawady AI. Effectiveness of selenium on acrylamide toxicity to retina. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:614-20. [PMID: 25161930 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the hematological parameters, biochemical and electrophysiological role of acrylamide (ACR) in the retina and to assess whether selenium (Se) has protective potential in experimental oral intoxication with ACR. METHODS Sixty Wistar age matched-albino rats (3mo) weighing 195-230 g comprised of both sex were divided into 4 groups. Group I served as the control one in which animals take saline; group II was animals administrated ACR in dose of 15 mg/kg body weight per day for 28d; group III was animals received ACR then additionally Se (0.1 mg/kg body weight) for 28d; and group IV was animals received Se only (0.1 mg/kg body weight) for 28d. Blood analysis and serum trace element levels (Fe, Cu, and Zn) were measured. The electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the retinal tissues were determined. Moreover the regulation of ion channels such as calcium, sodium and potassium were studied. All measurements were done for all groups after 28d. RESULTS Administration of ACR in group II caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocyte of rats. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in Zn level, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme was observed compared to control. ERG which is a reflection of the electric activity in the retina; a- and-b wave amplitudes in ACR group had a reduction of 40% and 20% respectively. These changes accompanied by significant increases (P<0.05) in MDA level in the ACR group, in contrast with GSH-Px which is significant decreased (P<0.05). Moreover sodium and calcium were significant increased but potassium was significant decreased (P<0.05) compared to control group. There were no significant differences between group III (treated with Se) and control in all hematological parameter. Also serum trace elements levels (Cu, Fe and Zn), alkaline phosphatase enzyme and electric activity of the retina didn't change compared to control due to Se treatment. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the protective effect of Se on acrylamide induced toxicity by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Ahmed Ali
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Department of Visual Science, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed Aly
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Department of Visual Science, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Amal Ibrahim Elawady
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Department of Visual Science, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza 12511, Egypt
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Şen E, Tunali Y, Erkan M. Testicular development of male mice offsprings exposed to acrylamide and alcohol during the gestation and lactation period. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:401-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114542883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (Ac) in the foods and alcohol (Al) in the drinks are unavoidable. Several previous studies demonstrated that these substances which are taken into the body via diet may cause adverse effects in the cells. However, there is no study about how Ac and Al may affect the male reproductive system of the offspring when consumed by the mother during pregnancy and lactation. For this purpose, sexual development in male mice was evaluated after intake of 14 mg/kg Ac and 2 g/kg Al from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. The weight of the offspring was reduced at birth and PND 21 for those exposed to Ac and/or Al. The gonadosomatic index of male offsprings was reduced except for the Ac-treated lactation group. Both substances induced multinuclear giant cells, degenerative cells, atrophic tubules, and maturation-arrested tubules, while decreased Leydig, Sertoli, and spermatogenic cell numbers. Lipid peroxidation level and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity increased in both Al-treated and Ac and Al-treated groups. There was only reduction in the catalase activity during the gestation and lactation periods. These findings suggest that consumption of Ac together with Al may induce impairments on testicular spermatogenesis in male offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Şen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y Tunali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Erkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Acrylamide, a food contaminant, belongs to a large class of structurally similar toxic chemicals, 'type-2 alkenes', to which humans are widely exposed. Besides, occupational exposure to acrylamide has received wide attention through the last decades. It is classified as a neurotoxin and there are three important hypothesis considering acrylamide neurotoxicity: inhibition of kinesin-based fast axonal transport, alteration of neurotransmitter levels, and direct inhibition of neurotransmission. While many researchers believe that exposure of humans to relatively low levels of acrylamide in the diet will not result in clinical neuropathy, some neurotoxicologists are concerned about the potential for its cumulative neurotoxicity. It has been shown in several studies that the same neurotoxic effects can be observed at low and high doses of acrylamide, with the low doses simply requiring longer exposures. This review is focused on the neurotoxicity of acrylamide and its possible outcomes.
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Porzionato A, Macchi V, Zaramella P, Sarasin G, Grisafi D, Dedja A, Chiandetti L, De Caro R. Effects of postnatal hyperoxia exposure on the rat dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 220:229-47. [PMID: 24135771 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Premature newborns may be exposed to hyperoxia in the first postnatal period, but clinical and experimental works have raised the question of oxygen toxicity for the developing brain. However, specific analysis of hyperoxia exposure on neurogenesis is still lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate possible changes in the morphometric parameters of the main neurogenic sites in newborn rats exposed to 60 or 95 % oxygen for the first 14 postnatal days. The optical disector, a morphometric method based upon unbiased sampling principles of stereology, was applied to analyse cell densities, total volumes, and total cell numbers of the dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ). Apoptosis and proliferation were also studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling method and anti-ki67 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Severe hyperoxia increased the percentage of apoptotic cells in the DG. Moderate and severe hyperoxia induced a proliferative response both in the DG and SVZ, but the two neurogenic sites showed different changes in their morphometric parameters. The DG of both the hyperoxic groups showed lower volume and total cell number than that of the normoxic one. Conversely, the SVZ of newborn rats exposed to 95 % hyperoxia showed statistically significant higher volume and total cell number than SVZ of rats raised in normoxia. Our findings indicate that hyperoxia exposure in the first postnatal period affects both the neurogenic areas, although in different ways, i.e. reduction of DG and expansion of SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A Gabelli 65, 35127, Padua, Italy
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Yerlikaya FH, Yener Y. The dietary acrylamide intake adversely affects the serum trace element status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:75-81. [PMID: 23306945 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is an organic chemical which occurs in foods widespreadly consumed in diets worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum trace element levels (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Se, Co, Ni, V, As, Mg, P, Li, K, Al) in Wistar rats exposed to acrylamide. Acrylamide was administered to the treatment groups at 2 and 5 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day via drinking water for 90 days. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for the determination of serum trace element concentrations. Serum Zn, Se, Co, V and Mg concentrations of 5 mg/kg bw/day acrylamide-treated male rats were lower, whereas serum As concentration was higher than the same parameters of the controls rats. Similarly, serum Zn, Se, Co, V and Mg concentrations were decreased in 5 mg/kg bw/day acrylamide-treated female rats compared with control rats. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between serum Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, P, Li, K and Al concentrations of all groups. The results from this study provide evidence that dietary acrylamide intake adversely affects the serum trace elements status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hümeyra Yerlikaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
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El-Bakry AM, Abdul-Hamid M, Allam A. Prenatal and perinatal exposure of acrylamide disrupts the development of spinal cord in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Allam AA, Abo-Eleneen RE. The development of sensorimotor reflexes in albino mice; albino rats and black-hooded rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:545-53. [PMID: 22926001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to show the differences in the development of sensorimotor reflexes and their relationship to the structural changes in spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex in three rodent species. The three species are albino rats (A-Rats), black-hooded rats (B-Rats) and albino mice. The development of selected reflexes was examined from day (D1) to D21. The structural changes were investigated at D7, D14, and D21. The following reflexes were analyzed: fore-limb/hind-limb grasp, surface body righting, fore-limb hopping, chin tactile placing, visual placing and body righting in the air. The developmental pattern of the reflexes was different in three rodent species. Although the black-hooded rats and albino rats belong to the same species, they are different in their appearance and developmental pattern. The development of external features and sensorimotor reflexes appeared earlier in mice than in A-Rats and B-Rats. At D7, differentiation of neurons was observed in the spinal cord while in cerebellum and cerebrum the neurons were found to be undifferentiated. At D14 and D21, the differentiated neurons were observed in spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebrum. Our data indicate that the developmental pattern of the reflexes in rodents may not be species specific but may be related to the animal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Allam
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Ameliorating effect of fish oil on acrylamide induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1859-67. [PMID: 22648048 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a known industrial toxic chemical that produce neurotoxicity characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of fish oil on ACR-induced neuronal damage in Wistar rats. ACR enhances the production of reactive oxygen species and potentially affects brain. ACR administered rats showed increased levels of lipid peroxidative product, protein carbonyl content, hydroxyl radical and hydroperoxide which were significantly modulated by the supplementation of fish oil. The activities of enzymic antioxidants and levels of reduced glutathione were markedly lowered in ACR-induced rats; fish oil treatment augmented these antioxidant levels in cortex. Free radicals generated during ACR administration reduced the activities of membrane adenosine triphosphatases and acetylcholine esterase. Fish oil enhanced the activities of these enzymes near normal level. Histological observation represented the protective role of fish oil in ACR-induced neuronal damage. Fish oil reduced the ACR-induced apoptosis through the modulation in expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)-associated X protein and Bcl2-associated death promoter. Further, fish oil increases the expression of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in ACR-induced rats. This study provides evidence for the neuroprotective effect of fish oil on ACR-induced neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis with modulation in the expression of Hsp27.
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Zaghloul N, Nasim M, Patel H, Codipilly C, Marambaud P, Dewey S, Schiffer WK, Ahmed M. Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase has a protective role against hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal mice. FEBS J 2012; 279:871-81. [PMID: 22240000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that hyperoxia, particularly at the time of birth, may result in neurological injury, in particular to the susceptible vasculature of these tissues. This study was aimed at determining whether overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is protective against brain injury induced by hyperoxia. Transgenic (TG) mice (with an extra copy of the human extracellular superoxide dismutase gene) and wild-type (WT) neonate mice were exposed to hyperoxia (95% of F(i) o(2) ) for 7 days after birth versus the control group in room air. Brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with fludeoxyglucose (FDG) isotope uptake was performed after exposure. To assess apoptosis induced by hyperoxia exposure, caspase 3 ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed. Quantitative western blot for the following inflammatory markers was performed: glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, macrophage-inhibiting factor, and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase. PET scanning with FDG isotope uptake showed significantly higher uptake in the WT hyperoxia neonate brain group (0.14 ± 0.03) than in both the TG group (0.09 ± 0.01) and the control group (0.08 ± 0.02) (P< 0.05). Histopathological investigation showed more apoptosis and dead neurons in hippocampus and cerebellum brain sections of WT neonate mice after exposure to hyperoxia than in TG mice; this finding was also confirmed by TUNEL staining. The caspase 3 assay confirmed the finding of more apoptosis in WT hyperoxia neonates (0.814 ± 0.112) than in the TG hyperoxic group (0.579 ± 0.144) (P < 0.05); this finding was also confirmed by TUNEL staining. Quantitative western blotting for the inflammatory and metabolic markers showed significantly higher expression in the WT group than in the TG and control groups. Thus, overexpression of EC-SOD in the neonate brain offers significant protection against hyperoxia-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Zaghloul
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, NS-LIJ, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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