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Kahramanoğullari M, Erişir M, Yaman M, Parlak Ak T. Effects of naringenin on oxidative damage and apoptosis in liver and kidney in rats subjected to chronic mercury chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2937-2947. [PMID: 38308452 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Mercury chloride is a type of heavy metal that causes the formation of free radicals, causing hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and apoptosis. In this study, the effects of naringenin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver and kidney of rats exposed to mercury chloride were investigated. In the study, 41 2-month-old male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into five groups. Accordingly, group 1 was set as control group, group 2 as naringenin-100, group 3 as mercury chloride, group 4 as mercury chloride + naringenin-50, and group 5 as mercury chloride + naringenin-100. For the interventions, 1 mL/kg saline was administered to the control, 0.4 mg/kg/day mercury (II) chloride to the mercury chloride groups by i.p., and 50 and 100 mg/kg/day naringenin prepared in corn oil to the naringenin groups by gavage. All the interventions lasted for 20 days. Mercury chloride administration was initiated 1 h following the administration of naringenin. When mercury chloride and the control group were compared, a significant increase in plasma urea, liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities (p < .001), and a significant decrease in liver and kidney glutathione (GSH) levels (p < .001), in liver catalase (CAT) activity (p < .01) were observed. In addition, histopathological changes and a significant increase in caspase-3 levels were detected (p < .05). When mercury chloride and treatment groups were compared, the administration of naringenin caused a decrease aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < .01), urea, creatinine levels (p < .001) in plasma, MDA levels in liver and kidney, SOD, GSH-Px, GST activities in kidney (p < .001), and increased GSH levels in liver and kidney. The addition of naringenin-100 increased GSH levels above the control (p < .001). The administration of naringenin was also decreased histopathological changes and caspase-3 levels (p < .05). Accordingly, it was determined that naringenin is protective and therapeutic against mercury chloride-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the liver and kidney, and 100 mg/kg naringenin is more effective in preventing histopathological changes and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kahramanoğullari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mine Erişir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mine Yaman
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Tuba Parlak Ak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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Abubakar MG, Agbon AN, Musa SA, Hamman WO, Oladele SB. Biochemical, morphological and molecular assessments of n butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera L. following exposure to inorganic mercury on the liver of Wistar rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:15. [PMID: 38641806 PMCID: PMC11027370 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury chloride (HgCl2) damages tissues it comes in contact with in sufficient concentration. This study evaluated the protective effects of n-butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera (BFPD) on mercury-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar rats. 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I was administered 2 ml/kg of distilled water; group II was administered 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group III was administered 500 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group IV was administered 1000 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2, while group V was administered 100 mg/kg of silymarin + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2. orally for 2 weeks. The rats were euthanized and liver tissue blood samples were collected for histological, histochemical, stereological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and biochemical studies. RESULTS The results revealed that HgCl2 induced oxidative stress in the rats evident by histoarchitectural distortions and altered levels of liver enzymes, proteins, and oxidative stress biomarkers when compared to the control. However, BFPD treatment restored these changes. Glutathione peroxidase levels decreased (p < 0.05) in the HgCl2-treated group when compared to the control and BFPD-treated groups. HgCl2 group revealed reduced reactivity with histochemical and immunohistochemical stains (Masson's Trichrome and B cell Lymphoma 2) when compared to the control, with a significant decrease in quantified liver Bcl-2 stain intensity when compared to the silymarin-treated group. BFPD administration revealed normal staining intensity comparable to the control. HgCl2 administration revealed a remarked decrease in the number of hepatocytes when compared to the control, BFPD, and silymarin groups. BFPD preserved (p < 0.05) the stereological features when compared to the HgCl2-treated group. GPx activity in the liver decreased (p < 0.05) with HgCl2 administration when compared to the control and silymarin-treated groups. BFPD attenuated GPx gene activity to levels similar to the control indicating some level of amelioration against HgCl2-induced toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The ability of BFPD to mitigate HgCl2 triggered liver alterations could be attributed to the antioxidant property of its flavonoid content. Therefore, BFPD may be a potential candidate for treating and managing liver-induced mercury intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Garba Abubakar
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - A N Agbon
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S A Musa
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - W O Hamman
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S B Oladele
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Ramadan SS, El Zaiat FA, Habashy EA, Montaser MM, Hassan HE, Tharwat SS, El-khadragy M, Abdel Moneim AE, Elshopakey GE, Akabawy AMA. Coenzyme Q10-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles Protect against Redox Imbalance and Inflammatory, Apoptotic, and Histopathological Alterations in Mercuric Chloride-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3054. [PMID: 38002054 PMCID: PMC10669886 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to mercuric chloride (HgCl2), either accidental or occupational, induces substantial liver and kidney damage. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a natural antioxidant that also has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Herein, our study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of CoQ10 alone or loaded with albumin nanoparticles (CoQ10NPs) against HgCl2-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Experimental animals received CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/oral) or CoQ10NPs (10 mg/kg/oral) and were injected intraperitoneally with HgCl2 (5 mg/kg; three times/week) for two weeks. The results indicated that CoQ10NP pretreatment caused a significant decrease in serum liver and kidney function markers. Moreover, lowered MDA and NO levels were associated with an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, GR, and CAT), along with higher GSH contents, in both the liver and kidneys of intoxicated rats treated with CoQ10NPs. Moreover, HgCl2-intoxicated rats that received CoQ10NPs revealed a significant reduction in the hepatorenal levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, and TGF-β, as well as an increase in the hepatic level of the fibrotic marker (α-SMA). Notably, CoQ10NPs counteracted hepatorenal apoptosis by diminishing the levels of Bax and caspase-3 and boosting the level of Bcl-2. The hepatic and renal histopathological findings supported the abovementioned changes. In conclusion, these data suggest that CoQ10, alone or loaded with albumin nanoparticles, has great power in reversing the hepatic and renal tissue impairment induced by HgCl2 via the modulation of hepatorenal oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, this study provides a valuable therapeutic agent (CoQ10NPs) for preventing and treating several HgCl2-induced hepatorenal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa S. Ramadan
- Biochemistry Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Farah A. El Zaiat
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Engy A. Habashy
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Montaser
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Habeba E. Hassan
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Shahinaz S. Tharwat
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Manal El-khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. A. Akabawy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Adiguzel C, Karaboduk H, Apaydin FG, Kalender S, Kalender Y. Comparison of nickel oxide nano and microparticles toxicity in rat liver: molecular, biochemical, and histopathological study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:741-750. [PMID: 37915490 PMCID: PMC10615818 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles distinguish it from classical nickel compounds, increasing its use in agriculture, industry, and many industrial areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible toxicity of nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in the liver. For this purpose, Wistar rats were given nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles orally, intraperitoneally, and intravenously for 21 days. Liver organ weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S transferase), acetylcholinesterase activities, inflammation levels, apoptotic markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated comparatively. When the data obtained were examined in general, it was observed that nickel oxide nanoparticles caused more hepatotoxicity in liver tissue than nickel oxide in terms of oxidative stress parameters, apoptotic markers, inflammation indicators, and other parameters examined. The results suggest that toxicity induced by both nickel oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles plays an important role in hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Adiguzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Karaboduk
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Gokce Apaydin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Suna Kalender
- Faculty of Gazi Education, Department of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Kalender
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
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Gali S, Sharma S, Kundu A, Lee E, Han JH, Shin JK, Choi JS, Kyung SY, Kim JS, Kim HS. Protective effect of dendropanoxide against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity via anti-inflammatory activities in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36718047 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2171824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the body through contaminated foods or water and causes pathological damage to the liver via oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. This study was conducted to explore the effects of dendropanoxide (DPx) on Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with CdCl2 (7 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally for 14 days for the induction of liver dysfunction. The CdCl2-exposed rats were subjected to DPx (10 mg/kg) or silymarin (50 mg/kg). The animals were euthanized after 24 h of the last CdCl2 injection and the serum biochemical parameters, lipid content, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, apoptotic cell death and histopathology of the tissues were analyzed. Additionally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), was measured. Compared to controls, Cd-injected rats showed significantly elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a remarkable decrease in SOD and CAT activities. Importantly, Cd-induced liver damage was drastically ameliorated by treatment with DPx or silymarin. Treatment with DPx protected the Cd-induced histopathological hepatic injury, as confirmed by the evaluation of TUNEL assay. DPx treatment significantly reduced Bax and caspase-3 expression in Cd-injected rats. Additionally, HO-1 and NRF2 expressions were significantly increased after DPx administration in the liver of Cd-injected rats. Our data indicate that DPx successfully prevents Cd-induced hepatotoxicity by emphasizing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreevarsha Gali
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Swati Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Kyung Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kyung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Mary Culver Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Republic of Korea
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Karyadi B, Adika AR, Melani NAA, Parlindungan D, Nursaadah E, Ruyani A. Potential of Leave and Fruit Ethanolic Extract of Etlingera hemisphaerica as Antihyperuricemic in Mice ( Mus musculus). Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:63-71. [PMID: 37265037 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.63.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Hyperuricemia is a disease triggered by disorders of uric acid metabolism. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential of leaves ethanolic extract of <i>Etlingera hemisphaerica</i> (LE3H) and fruits ethanolic extract <i>E. hemisphaerica</i> (FE3H) to restore hyperuricemia in mice. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Six groups (A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) each consisted of four male mice. Hyperuricemia in mice was induced by giving 0.3 mL of fresh chicken liver juice (FCLJ) for seven days (A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5). The condition of hyperuricemia in A1 is not neutralized. Meanwhile, hyperuricemia conditions in A2, A3, A4 and A5 were neutralized for seven days by giving 0.01 mg g<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> body weight (BW) allopurinol, 0.13, 0.26 and 0.36 mg g<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> BW LE3H. The control group (A0) only received double-distilled water in the same way. Blood uric acid levels were measured with the GCU Meter Device before and after the induction of hyperuricemia and after efforts to neutralize the hyperuricemia condition. Six groups (B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5) each consisting of four male mice were also provided to test the potential of FE3H. The recovery potential FE3H against hyperuricemia was tested separately in the same way as was done for LE3H. <b>Results:</b> Giving FCLJ significantly increased (140.00-187.00%) uric acid compared to the control, so hyperuricemia was achieved. Doses of 0.13, 0.26 and 0.36 mg g<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> BW LE3H significantly recovered hyperuricemia as much as 54.09, 56.14 and 60.88%, respectively. Meanwhile, doses of 0.13, 0.26 and 0.36 mg g<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> FE3H significantly recovered hyperuricemia as much as 60.37, 62.24 and 65.572%, respectively. The LE3H and FE3H at the same dose showed that FE3H had a higher potential to restore hyperuricemia than LE3H. <b>Conclusion:</b> Leave and fruit ethanolic extract of <i>E. hemisphaerica</i> can potentially restore hyperuricemia in mice.
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Shalan MG. Amelioration of mercuric chloride-induced physiologic and histopathologic alterations in rats using vitamin E and zinc chloride supplement. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12036. [PMID: 36544834 PMCID: PMC9761730 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The drastic effects of mercuric chloride and the protective efficiency of vitamin E and zinc chloride co-supplementation were clearly investigated in this study. Male rats were divided into four groups. The first was the control. The second received vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and zinc chloride (30 mg/kg) daily. In comparison, the third received mercuric chloride (1 mg/kg) daily, and the fourth received the same mercuric chloride dose supplemented with the same vitamin E and zinc chloride doses. Mercury promotes a significant decline in body weight. It causes a considerable reduction in total red blood cells (RBCs) count and hemoglobin concentration; however, white blood cells (WBCs) increased significantly. Significant mercury-induced elevations in hepatic and renal functions were observed. Mercury induced substantial reductions in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mercury caused apoptotic DNA fragmentation. It induced degeneration and necrosis in the liver and kidney. It induced necrosis, leukocyte infiltration and blood vessel congestion in the cerebral cortex. Shrinkage and deterioration of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum were observed in response to mercuric chloride toxicity. Mercuric chloride enhanced shrinking in seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells. It reduced sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone concentration; however, it promoted abnormal sperm morphology. Administration of vitamin E and zinc chloride showed marked improvement in different parameters under investigation, however, further research is needed to determine fate of mercury.
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Alattar A, Alvi AM, Rashid S, Hussain N, Gul M, Ikram M, Khalil AAK, Alshaman R, Shah FA, Li S, Li J. RETRACTED: Carveol ameliorates mercury-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in a mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:212-226. [PMID: 35963490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief. Sections of panels from Figure 7B appear similar to each other. Also, inconsistencies have been noticed between the text of the subsection 2.5.4. ‘Morris Water Maze (MWM) test’ and Figure 6E. The journal records indicated that the names of the authors Sajid Rashid, Nadia Hussain, Mehreen Gul, Muhammad Ikram and Jingbo Li were added to the revised version of the article without exceptional approval by the handling Editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE; AAU Health and Biomedical Research center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mehreen Gul
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Ijaz MU, Shahab MS, Samad A, Ashraf A, Al-Ghanim K, Mruthinti SS, Mahboob S. Tangeretin ameliorates bisphenol induced hepatocyte injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1375-1379. [PMID: 35280594 PMCID: PMC8913407 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial toxicant that can potentially damage the liver. Tangeretin (TGN) is a natural flavonoid that displays various pharmacological activities. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the protective effects of TGN against BPA-induced hepatic impairment in the male albino rat. Twenty-four male albino rats were equally divided into four different groups: control, BPA (100 mg/kg), BPA + TGN (100 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg) and TGN (50 mg/kg). BPA exposure significantly decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH) content while substantially increasing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. A substantial increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was also observed in BPA treated rats. Moreover, BPA significantly increased the inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, and histopathological damages. However, co-treatment with TGN efficiently minimized the BPA-induced biochemical, inflammatory, and histopathological impairments in rat liver. The present study shows that TNG has significant potential to avert BPA-induced liver damage to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Tanaka YK, Usuzawa H, Yoshida M, Kumagai K, Kobayashi K, Matsuyama S, Inoue T, Matsunaga A, Shimura M, Ruiz Encinar J, Costa-Fernández JM, Fukumoto Y, Suzuki N, Ogra Y. Formation Mechanism and Toxicological Significance of Biogenic Mercury Selenide Nanoparticles in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2471-2484. [PMID: 34841876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that the toxicity of mercury (Hg) is attenuated by the simultaneous administration of selenium (Se) compounds in various organisms. In this study, we revealed the mechanisms underlying the antagonistic effect of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on inorganic Hg (Hg2+) toxicity in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Observations by transmission electron microscopy indicated that HgSe (tiemannite) granules of up to 100 nm in diameter were accumulated in lysosomal-like structures in the cells. The HgSe granules were composed of a number of HgSe nanoparticles, each measuring less than 10 nm in diameter. No accumulation of HgSe nanoparticles in lysosomes was observed in the cells exposed to chemically synthesized HgSe nanoparticles. This suggests that intracellular HgSe nanoparticles were biologically generated from Na2SeO3 and Hg2+ ions transported into the cells and were not derived from HgSe nanoparticles formed in the extracellular fluid. Approximately 85% of biogenic HgSe remained in the cells at 72 h post culturing, indicating that biogenic HgSe was hardly excreted from the cells. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Hg2+ was ameliorated by the simultaneous exposure to Na2SeO3 even before the formation of insoluble HgSe nanoparticles. Our data confirmed for the first time that HepG2 cells can circumvent the toxicity of Hg2+ through the direct interaction of Hg2+ with a reduced form of Se (selenide) to form HgSe nanoparticles via a Hg-Se soluble complex in the cells. Biogenic HgSe nanoparticles are considered the ultimate metabolite in the Hg detoxification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hana Usuzawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Miyu Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kumagai
- Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Keita Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Material and Chemical Measurement, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuyama
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takato Inoue
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsunaga
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Mari Shimura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Jorge Ruiz Encinar
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julian Clavería 8, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julian Clavería 8, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yasunori Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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11
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Ishaq A, Gulzar H, Hassan A, Kamran M, Riaz M, Parveen A, Chattha MS, Walayat N, Fatima S, Afzal S, Fahad S. Ameliorative mechanisms of turmeric-extracted curcumin on arsenic (As)-induced biochemical alterations, oxidative damage, and impaired organ functions in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66313-66326. [PMID: 34331650 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is known for its carcinogenic and hepatorenal toxic effects causing serious health problems in human beings. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extracted curcumin (Cur) is a polyphenolic antioxidant which has ability to combat hazardous environmental toxicants. This study (28 days) was carried out to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of different doses of Cur (Cur: 80, 160, 240 mg kg-1) against the oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of male rats caused by sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4) (10 mg L-1). As exposure significantly elevated the values of organ index, markers of hepatic injury (i.e., alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and renal functions (i.e., total bilirubin, urea and creatinine, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA)). Moreover, different antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the liver and kidney tissues were reduced after As-induced toxicity. However, Na3AsO4 induced histopathological changes in various organs were minimized after the treatment with Cur. The alleviation effect of Cur was dosage dependent with an order of 240>160>80 mg kg-1. The oral administration of Cur prominently alleviated the As-induced toxicity in liver and kidney tissues by reducing lipid peroxidation, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). In addition, Cur being an antioxidant improved defense system by enhancing activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR. Overall, the findings explain the capability of Cur to counteract the oxidative alterations as well as hepatorenal injuries due to As intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ishaq
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 3800, Pakistan
| | - Huma Gulzar
- College of Life Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Hassan
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 3800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Aasma Parveen
- Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Chattha
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Noman Walayat
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sana Fatima
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 3800, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Afzal
- Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 22620, Pakistan.
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12
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Yang YJ, Yang EJ, Park K, Oh S, Kim T, Hong YP. Association between Blood Mercury Levels and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Obese Populations: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012-2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126412. [PMID: 34199270 PMCID: PMC8296250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is widely distributed in the environment, and a plausible association between mercury exposure and hepatic damage has been reported. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which comprises a spectrum of liver diseases, has recently been recognized in non-obese subjects. However, there have been no studies on the relationship between internal mercury levels and NAFLD in non-obese individuals. Therefore, we investigated the association between blood mercury levels and NAFLD in non-obese subjects. Cross-sectional data (n = 5919) were obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014). NAFLD was defined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Blood mercury levels were log-transformed and divided into quartiles based on a weighted sample distribution. The association between blood mercury levels and NAFLD was analyzed using a multivariate logistic analysis after body mass index stratification. The geometric mean of blood mercury in the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the non-obese group (p < 0.001). The weighted frequencies of patients with NAFLD based on the HSI were 3.0–7.2% for the non-obese subjects and 52.3–63.2% for the overweight subjects. In the multivariate analysis, blood mercury levels were positively associated with NAFLD for both the overweight and non-obese groups (all p for trend < 0.001). Increased blood mercury levels are closely associated with NAFLD. In particular, mercury could be a risk factor for NAFLD in the non-obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Kyongjin Park
- College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Korea; (K.P.); (S.O.); (T.K.)
| | - Subin Oh
- College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Korea; (K.P.); (S.O.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehyen Kim
- College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Korea; (K.P.); (S.O.); (T.K.)
| | - Yeon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5667
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13
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Baş H, Apaydın FG, Kalender S, Kalender Y. Lead nitrate and cadmium chloride induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity: Protective effects of sesamol on biochemical indices and pathological changes. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13769. [PMID: 34021611 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lead nitrate (LN) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ), regarded as environmental contaminants, are toxic heavy metals. Sesamol is a dietary phytochemical found in sesame oil. We aimed to analyze the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of LN and CdCl2 and to evaluate the possible protective effect of sesamol. LN (90 mg/kg bw per day), CdCl2 (3 mg/kg bw per day), and sesamol (50 mg/kg bw per day) were given to rats via gavage for 28 days. Total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, malondialdehyde, acetylcholinesterase, and histopathological changes were investigated in liver and kidney tissues. Lead and cadmium were found to result in decreases in the antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase activities, increases in malondialdehyde levels, and changes in serum biochemical parameters and various pathological findings. An improvement in all these parameters was observed in the sesamol-treated groups. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Heavy metals are used in many areas of the industry all over the world. Heavy metals which include lead nitrate and cadmium chloride cause cell damage by oxidative stress. Some of the examining parameters for oxidative stress are SOD, GST, MDA, GPx, and CAT. However, some chemicals such as sesamol are well-liked and widely used as antioxidants against xenobiotic toxicity. We also indicate that sesamol has been shown to protective effect against heavy metals caused cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Baş
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Suna Kalender
- Gazi Education Faculty, Department of Science Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kalender
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Ramadan SS, Almeer RS, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Albasher G, Abdel Moneim AE. Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract attenuates mercuric chloride-induced liver injury in male rats via inhibition of oxidative damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17482-17494. [PMID: 33394435 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination including mercury (Hg) has become one of the most serious environmental problems facing humans and other living organisms. Here, the hepatoprotective effects of Z. spina-christi leaf extract (ZCE) against inorganic mercury salt (mercuric chloride; HgCl2)-induced hepatotoxicity model was investigated in rats. Mercury concentration, liver function markers, oxidative stress markers, inflammation, cell death indicators, and histopathology were assessed. ZCE protected against HgCl2-induced hepatotoxicity, decreased Hg concentration, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide, increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione recycling enzymes (peroxidase and reductase), and upregulated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression in HgCl2-intoxicated rat hepatic tissue. Nrf2 downstream gene and heme oxygenase-1 were also upregulated, confirming that hepatoprotection by ZCE against HgCl2-induced liver damage involved activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway. ZCE also decreased the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins and increased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver tissues of HgCl2-treated rats confirmed the alternations of apoptotic-related protein expression. Our data demonstrated that post-administration of ZCE attenuated HgCl2-induced liver damage by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, administering this extract may be a novel therapeutic strategy for inorganic mercury intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa S Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rafa S Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemesphaerica Blume mitigates defects in fetal anatomy and endochondral ossification due to mercuric chloride during the post-implantation period in Mus musculus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247467. [PMID: 33690696 PMCID: PMC7946197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of leaf ethanolic extract of Etlingera hemisphaerica (LE3H) in reducing defects in fetal anatomy and endochondral ossification in mice induced by HgCl2 during the post-implantation period. Pregnant mice were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 dams, and received drink and food ad libitum. The first group was administered LE3H (E1), the second one HgCl2 (E2), the third one HgCl2+LE3H (E3), and the fourth was control (E0), administered double-distilled water only. HgCl2 (5 mg/kg bw) was administrated by injection intraperitoneally on gestation day (GD)9 and LE3H (0.39 mg/g bw) was administered by gavage on GD10. The treated and control animals were killed by cervical dislocation on GD18, dissected, and the morphologically normal living fetuses (MNLF) were collected. The MNLF of E0, E1, E2, and E3 from 5 dams were fixed with Bouin solution, and observed using the free hand razor blade technique for soft tissue examination. The remaining MNLF were fixed with 96% ethanol, and then stained with Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue for ossification examination. Index of length of ossified part (ILOP) of humerus, index of width of ossified part (IWOP) of humerus, ILOP of femur, and IWOP of femur were calculated. E2 had higher cases of anatomical defects (74,6%) than E3 (48.9%), E1 (15.0%), and E0 (0%). E2 had humerus IWOP of 0.82±0.03, which was significantly lower than that of E0 (0.89±0.04) and E1 (0.89±0.03), while that of E1 and E0 was not significantly different from each other. Meanwhile, IWOP in E3 (0.88±0.03) was significantly higher than that in E2, but not different from that in E1 and E0. Thus, LE3H mitigated defects in fetal anatomy and endochondral ossification induced by HgCl2 in mice.
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16
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Antioxidative Effects of Curcumin on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010125. [PMID: 33477286 PMCID: PMC7830919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a powerful mycotoxin found in various foods and feedstuff, responsible for subchronic and chronic toxicity, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and immunotoxicity to both humans and several animal species. The severity of the liver damage caused depends on both dose and duration of exposure. Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress might contribute to increasing the hepatotoxicity of OTA, and several antioxidants, including curcumin (CURC), have been tested to counteract the toxic hepatic action of OTA in various classes of animals. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of CURC, a bioactive compound with different therapeutic properties on hepatic injuries caused by OTA in rat animal models. CURC effects were examined in Sprague Dawley rats treated with CURC (100 mg/kg), alone or in combination with OTA (0.5 mg/kg), by gavage daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, rats treated with OTA showed alterations in biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in the liver. CURC dosing significantly attenuated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation versus the OTA group. Furthermore, liver histological tests showed that CURC reduced the multifocal lymphoplasmacellular hepatitis, the periportal fibrosis, and the necrosis observed in the OTA group. This study provides evidence that CURC can preserve OTA-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats.
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17
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Kandeel S, Elkaliny HH. The Possible Protective Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar on Mercuric Chloride-Induced Changes on Rat Hepatocytes: Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructure Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2020; 8:126-131. [PMID: 33282688 PMCID: PMC7703014 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_63_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mercuric chloride is a toxic form of mercury capable for induction of oxidative liver damage. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a powerful antioxidant agent being used in salad dressings. Our study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of ACV against mercuric chloride-induced hepatic cell damage through an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar rats used divided into four groups (10 rats each); control; Group A (ACV): Rats received 2 ml/kg ACV; Group B (HgCl2): Rats received 1 mg/kg HgCl2, and Group C (ACV + HgCl2): Rats received 2 ml/kg ACV 30 min before giving 1 mg/kg HgCl2. Doses given orally by intragastric tube for 30 days. Results: Toluidine blue results of HgCl2 group revealed hepatocytes with irregular boundaries, eccentric deeply stained nuclei, and large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Electron microscopic results showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vacuolations, areas of cytoplasmic rarefaction, degenerated mitochondria, nuclear membrane irregularities, and dilated bile canaliculi with lost microvilli. Moreover, there was significantly increased expression of HSP60 and number of hepatocytes with proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei. ACV + HgCl2 group showed improvement of the previous changes. Conclusion: ACV could be promising for attenuation of liver cell damages induced by several toxins through its powerful antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Kandeel
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba H Elkaliny
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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18
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Adelakun SA, Ukwenya VO, Akingbade GT, Omotoso OD, Aniah JA. Interventions of aqueous extract of Solanum melongena fruits (garden eggs) on mercury chloride induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Biomed J 2020; 43:174-182. [PMID: 32387269 PMCID: PMC7283571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum melongena (SM) is commonly known as the garden egg fruit or eggplant. It can be eaten fresh or cooked and has a large history of consumption in West Africa. This study focused on interventions of aqueous extract of SM (garden eggs) fruits on Mercury chloride (HgCl2) induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A-D) of eight (n = 8) rats each. Group A Served as control and was given 10 ml/kg/day of distilled water, Group B- 500 mg/kg B.W of SM, Group C received 40 mg/kg B.W HgCl2 and Group D- 500 mg/kg B.W of SM and 40 mg/kg B.W HgCl2). The administration was done by gastric gavage once a day, for twenty-eight consecutive days. Testicular weight, semen analysis revealing the sperm count and sperm motility were assessed, gross parameters of the testis and testicular histology were assessed. Testicular oxidative stress markers viz a viz malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also assessed. RESULTS assessment of the histological profiles of the testes showed a derangement of the cytoarchitecture and deterioration of sperm quality after HgCl2 administration and a marked improvement was observed after SM administration. Similarly, SM was associated with increased antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) and decreased MDA in SM + HgCl2 rats. CONCLUSION It was concluded that S. melongena offers protection against free radical mediated oxidative stress of rats with mercury chloride induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Aderemi Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Grace Temitope Akingbade
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Julius Akomaye Aniah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria
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19
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Uzunhisarcikli M, Aslanturk A. Hepatoprotective effects of curcumin and taurine against bisphenol A-induced liver injury in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:37242-37253. [PMID: 31745802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical to which humans are frequently exposed during routine daily life. Curcumin and taurine are natural products that have also been used as antioxidants against different environmental toxin-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, they have protective and therapeutic effects against various diseases. The present investigation has been conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of curcumin (100 mg kg-1) and taurine (100 mg kg-1) for their hepatoprotective efficacy against BPA (130 mg kg-1)-induced liver injury in rat. BPA significantly elevated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), while it reduced the activities of catalase (CAT), total glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total superoxide dismutase (SOD). Besides, these biochemical changes were accompanied by histopathological alterations marked by the destruction of normal liver structure. The histological examinations showed that exposure of BPA caused dilatation of sinusoids, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, and necrosis in liver parenchyma. The BPA-induced histopathological alterations in liver were minimized by curcumin and taurine treatment. Furthermore, no necrosis was observed in the liver tissues of curcumin plus BPA and taurine plus BPA-treated rats. Oral administration of curcumin and taurine to BPA-exposed rats significantly reversed the content of lipid peroxidation products, as well as enhanced the activities of GPx and GST, CAT, and SOD enzymes. These findings have indicated that curcumin and taurine might have a protective effect against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayse Aslanturk
- Gazi University, Vocational High School of Health Services, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Darendelioğlu E, Yıldırım S, Kucukler S, Dortbudak MB. Rutin ameliorates mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via interfering with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:60-68. [PMID: 31442956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mercury is a global environmental pollutant and is responsible for several organ pathophysiology including oxidative stress-induced liver disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of rutin on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male rats. METHODS HgCl2 was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg body weight for 7 days alone or in combination with the orally rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). RESULTS Rutin treatment significantly improved liver function tests [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], and increased activities of antioxidant defense system [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and glutathione (GSH) content. The histological alterations and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in the HgCl2-induced liver tissues were decreased by administration of rutin. Furthermore, rutin reversed the changes in levels of apoptosis and inflammation related proteins involving p53, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome c, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), B-cell lymphoma-3(Bcl-3) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inhibited p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (caspase-3) activations. CONCLUSION The data of the present study suggest that rutin effectively suppress HgCl2-induced hepatotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, 12000, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Darendelioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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21
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He K, Tang Q, Gong M, Yang S, Chen X, Zhu H, Liu D, Huang B. A transcriptomic study of selenium against liver injury induced by beta-cypermethrin in mice by RNA-seq. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 20:343-353. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Elblehi SS, Hafez MH, El-Sayed YS. L-α-Phosphatidylcholine attenuates mercury-induced hepato-renal damage through suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9333-9342. [PMID: 30721437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential ameliorative effects of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced hematological and hepato-renal damage were investigated. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 12): control, PC (100 mg/kg bwt, intragastrically every other day for 30 consecutive days), HgCl2 (5 mg/kg bwt, intragastrically daily), and PC plus HgCl2. Hematological and hepato-renal dysfunctions were evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. Hepatic and renal oxidative/antioxidative indices were evaluated. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) was also detected by ELISA. HgCl2 significantly increased serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST), urea, and creatinine levels that are indicative of hepato-renal damage. HgCl2 also induced a significant accumulation of malondialdehyde (+ 195%) with depletion of glutathione (- 43%) levels in the liver and renal tissues. The apparent hepato-renal oxidative damage was associated with obvious organ dysfunction that was confirmed by impairments in the liver and kidney histoarchitecture. Furthermore, HgCl2 significantly attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines named tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conversely, PC treatment attenuated these effects, which improved the hematological and serum biochemical alternations, reduced the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and ameliorated the intensity of the histopathological alterations in livers and kidneys of HgCl2-treated rats. It could be concluded that PC displayed potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities against HgCl2-induced hepato-renal damage via suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and declining oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hafez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Ogunlaja A, Abarikwu SO, Otuechere CA, Oshoro OO. Characterization of leachates from waste landfill sites in a religious camp along Lagos-Ibadan expressway, Nigeria and its hepatotoxicity in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:636-645. [PMID: 30447612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Landfill sites near human settlements are known to have adverse health effects. Here, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of leachates from the Redemption Camp landfill (RCLL, 10%, 30%, 50%) on the liver of adult female rats after 21 days of exposure in their drinking water. The physicochemical and metal analyses showed that biochemical oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, zinc and magnesium levels were significantly high, whereas copper level was low in RCLL when compared to water samples from residential areas close to the landfill site, and were higher than the acceptable limits (p < 0.05). The predominant bacteria isolates recovered from the leachate and drinking water samples were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp. At the end of the 21-day exposure, RCLL increased the weight of the liver. Malondialdehyde concentrations were increased and glutathione levels were decreased significantly in the liver of treated animals at all concentrations of leachates tested. Furthermore, the activities of serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase and cholesterol concentrations were increased whereas bilirubin and albumin levels were decreased dose-dependently. Histological examination of the liver was characterized by accumulation of inflammatory cells around hepatocytes, and extended sinusoids. The histo-pathological alterations and oxidative damage observed in the liver of treated rats and occurrence of pathogenic species and metals in the RCLL may suggest possible impaired hepatic health in subjects with occupational or environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aemere Ogunlaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; Microbiology Department, School of Life Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
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Rahman MM, Hossain KFB, Banik S, Sikder MT, Akter M, Bondad SEC, Rahaman MS, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Selenium and zinc protections against metal-(loids)-induced toxicity and disease manifestations: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:146-163. [PMID: 30384162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metals are ubiquitous in the environment due to huge industrial applications in the form of different chemicals and from extensive mining activities. The frequent exposures to metals and metalloids are crucial for the human health. Trace metals are beneficial for health whereas non-essential metals are dangerous for the health and some are proven etiological factors for diseases including cancers and neurological disorders. The interactions of essential trace metals such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) with non-essential metals viz. lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in biological system are very critical and complex. A huge number of studies report the protective role of Se and Zn against metal toxicity, both in animal and cellular levels, and also explain the numerous mechanisms involved. However, it has been considered that a tiny dyshomeostasis in the metals/trace metals status in biological system could induce severe deleterious effects that can manifest to numerous diseases. Thus, in this particular review, we have demonstrated the critical protection mechanism/s of Se and Zn against Cd, Pb, As and Hg toxicity in a one by one manner to clarify the up-to-date findings and perspectives. Furthermore, biomolecular consequences are comprehensively presented in light of particular cellular/biomolecular events which are somehow linked to a subsequent disease. The analyzed reports support significant protection potential of Se and Zn, either alone or in combination with other agents, against each of the abovementioned non-essential metals. However, Se and Zn are still not being used as detoxifying agents due to some unexplained reasons. We hypothesized that Se could be a potential candidate for detoxifying As and Hg regardless of their chemical speciations, but requires intensive clinical trials. However, particularly Zn-Hg interaction warrants more investigations both in animal and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Subrata Banik
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mahmuda Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Md Shiblur Rahaman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Research Division of Higher Education, Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, 060-0817 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan.
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Ola-Davies OE, Azeez OI, Oyagbemi AA, Abatan MO. Acute coumaphos organophosphate exposure in the domestic dogs: Its implication on haematology and liver functions. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:103-112. [PMID: 30255086 PMCID: PMC6149256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of organophosphate acaricides especially among livestock and dog owners in the control of ticks and other ectoparasites has taken a worrisome dimension. In the present study, we investigated, the effects of acute dermal exposure in the form of acaricides baths of coumaphos at different concentrations on the haematology, blood pressure and liver functions in local mongrel dogs. Twenty-four, male mongrel dogs of about 8 months of age with an average weight of 9.88 ± 0.4 kg were used for the study. The dogs were divided into four groups consisting of six dogs per group. Group A (control) was bathed with ordinary water, while group B was bathed with the recommended concentration of 0.016% (160 ppm) Coumaphos in water. Groups C and D were bathed with 10 and 20 times the recommended dose (1600 ppm and 3200 ppm), respectively. Significant leucopenia, increased plasma urea and decreased low density lipoprotein (LDL) values were observed at 8 h post exposure, which worsened with time. At 24 and 36 hrs post exposure, normochromic normocytic anaemia, pan leucopenia, bloody diarrhoea, retching, vomiting and paddling were observed in affected animals. Post mortem examination revealed severe lungs, liver and stomach congestion. Multifocal areas of necrosis in the liver and kidney, serosal and mucosal haemorrhages and haemorrhagic meningitis were also observed. The use of excessively high concentration of organophosphate as acaricides bath is associated with severe anticholinesterase poisoning, which may result in death of affected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O I Azeez
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M O Abatan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abarikwu SO, Benjamin S, Ebah SG, Obilor G, Agbam G. Protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil against HgCl2-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:337-345. [PMID: 28306528 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various parts of the Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) tree are widely accepted to have ameliorative effects against metal toxicity. In the present study, M. oleifeira oil (MO) was tested against HgCl2-induced tissue pathologies and oxidative stress. METHODS Male Wistar rats were administered MO (1.798 mg/kg p.o.) or HgCl2 (5 mg/kg body wt) alone or in combination (5 mg/kg HgCl2+1.798 mg/kg MO p.o.) three times per week for 21 days. After exposure and treatment periods, rats were sacrificed; blood collected and the oxidative status of the liver and kidney homogenates were evaluated. RESULTS In the liver, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher whereas catalase (CAT) activity was lower in the HgCl2 group than in the control group. In the kidney, MDA level, SOD, and CAT activities were higher whereas GSH activity was unchanged in the HgCl2 group compared to the control group. In the liver, MDA level, SOD, and CAT activities were lower in the HgCl2+MO group than in the HgCl2 group. In the kidney, MDA level, SOD and CAT activities were lower in the HgCl2+MO than in the HgCl2 group. Furthermore, Hg-induced increases in creatinine and bilirubin levels as well as the increase in γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were attenuated in the combine exposure group and the animals showed improvement in the histology of the liver and kidney. CONCLUSIONS MO decreased the negative effects of Hg-induced oxidative stress in rats.
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Joshi D, Mittal DK, Shukla S, Srivastav SK, Dixit VA. Curcuma longa Linn. extract and curcumin protect CYP 2E1 enzymatic activity against mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress: A protective approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:373-382. [PMID: 28336172 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa (200mgkg-1, po) and curcumin (80mgkg-1, po) for their hepatoprotective efficacy against mercuric chloride (HgCl2: 12μmolkg-1, ip; once only) hepatotoxicity. The HgCl2 administration altered various biochemical parameters, including transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, triglycerides and cholesterol contents with a concomitant decline in protein and albumin concentration in serum which were restored towards control by therapy of Curcuma longa or curcumin. On the other hand, both treatments showed a protective effect on drug metabolizing enzymes viz. aniline hydroxylase (AH) and amidopyrine-N-demethylase (AND), hexobarbitone induced sleep time and BSP retention. Choleretic, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activities and histological studies also supported the biochemical findings. The present study concludes that Curcuma longa extract or curcumin has the ability to alleviate the hepatotoxic effects caused by HgCl2 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Joshi
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO Satellite Center of Trace Element Research & School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Mittal
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO Satellite Center of Trace Element Research & School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO Satellite Center of Trace Element Research & School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vaibhav A Dixit
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management (SPTM), Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's (SVKM's),Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mukesh Patel Technology Park, Babulde, Bank of Tapi River, Mumbai-Agra Road, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule-India
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Chemical Speciation of Selenium and Mercury as Determinant of Their Neurotoxicity. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:53-83. [PMID: 28889263 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The antagonism of mercury toxicity by selenium has been well documented. Mercury is a toxic metal, widespread in the environment. The main target organs (kidneys, lungs, or brain) of mercury vary depending on its chemical forms (inorganic or organic). Selenium is a semimetal essential to mammalian life as part of the amino acid selenocysteine, which is required to the synthesis of the selenoproteins. This chapter has the aim of disclosing the role of selenide or hydrogen selenide (Se-2 or HSe-) as central metabolite of selenium and as an important antidote of the electrophilic mercury forms (particularly, Hg2+ and MeHg). Emphasis will be centered on the neurotoxicity of electrophile forms of mercury and selenium. The controversial participation of electrophile mercury and selenium forms in the development of some neurodegenerative disease will be briefly presented. The potential pharmacological use of organoseleno compounds (Ebselen and diphenyl diselenide) in the treatment of mercury poisoning will be considered. The central role of thiol (-SH) and selenol (-SeH) groups as the generic targets of electrophile mercury forms and the need of new in silico tools to guide the future biological researches will be commented.
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Ansar S. Effect of Selenium on the Levels of Cytokines and Trace Elements in Toxin-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Male Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:129-33. [PMID: 26089086 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential cofactor in the key enzymes involved in cellular antioxidant defense. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of selenium on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced toxicity. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. The first group was control; the second group was treated with mercuric chloride (HgCl2: 50 mg/kg/bw). The third group was treated with sodium selenite (Se 0.2 mg/kg/bw), and the fourth group received Se (0.2 mg/kg/bw) plus HgCl2 (50 mg/kg for 24 h). The influence of Se on mercury induced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and zinc, copper, and iron in serum of rats were observed. The serum MDA, SOD, zinc, and iron concentrations were found to be statistically different among the control and toxin-treated group. The serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were also measured. There was a significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in toxin-treated group II compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 after administration of Se seemed to counteract some of the damage, as indicated by differences in the serum concentrations of major elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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