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Iribarne-Durán LM, Castillero-Rosales I, Peinado FM, Artacho-Cordón F, Molina-Molina JM, Medianero E, Nicolás-Delgado SI, Sánchez-Pinzón L, Núñez-Samudio V, Vela-Soria F, Olea N, Alvarado-González NE. Placental concentrations of xenoestrogenic organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and assessment of their xenoestrogenicity in the PA-MAMI mother-child cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117622. [PMID: 37977273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), they have contributed to the exposure of women to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These compounds can cross the placental barrier and interfere with the hormonal system of newborns. AIM To determine concentrations of OCPs and PCBs and their xenoestrogenic activity in placentas of women from the PA-MAMI cohort of Panama. METHODS Thirty-nine placenta samples from women in the Azuero peninsula (Panama) were analyzed. Five OCPs [p-p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p-p'-DDE), beta-hexachlorohexane (β-HCH), γ-hexachlorohexane (lindane), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex] and three PCB congeners (PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180) were quantified in placenta extracts. The xenoestrogenic activity of extracts was assessed with the E-Screen bioassay to estimate the total effective xenoestrogen burden (TEXB). RESULTS All placental samples were positive for at least three POP residues and >70% for at least six. The frequencies of quantified OCPs ranged from 100% for p,p'-DDE and HCB to 30.8% for β-HCH. The highest median concentration was for lindane (380.0 pg/g placenta), followed by p,p'-DDE (280.0 pg/g placenta), and HCB (90.0 pg/g placenta). Exposure to p,p'-DDE was associated with greater meat consumption, suggesting that animal fat is a major source of exposure to DDT metabolites. The frequency of detected PCBs ranged between 70 and 90%; the highest median concentration was for PCB 138 (17.0 pg/g placenta), followed by PCB 153 (16.0 pg/g placenta). All placentas were positive in the estrogenicity bioassay with a median TEXB-α of 0.91 pM Eeq/g of placenta. Exposure to lindane was positively associated with the xenoestrogenicity of TEXB- α, whereas this association was negative in the case of exposure to PCB 153. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, this study contributes the first evidence on the presence of POPs and xenoestrogenic burden in placentas from Latin-American women. Given concerns about the consequences of prenatal exposure to these compounds on children's health, preventive measures are highly recommended to eliminate or minimize the risk of OCP exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Iribarne-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), E- 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, E- 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Molina-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain
| | - E Medianero
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama; Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panama
| | - S I Nicolás-Delgado
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Ministerio de Salud, Los Santos, Panama
| | - L Sánchez-Pinzón
- Clínica de Cesación de Tabaco y Clínica del Empleado Local, Región de Salud de Azuero, Ministerio de Salud, Los Santos, Panama
| | - V Núñez-Samudio
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Sección de Epidemiología, Región de Salud de Herrera, Ministerio de Salud, Panama; Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Los Santos, Panama
| | - F Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain
| | - N Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), E- 28029, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, E- 18016, Granada, Spain; Unidad de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, E- 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - N E Alvarado-González
- Instituto Especializado de Análisis (IEA), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panama
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Rouget F, Kadhel P, Monfort C, Viel JF, Thome JP, Cordier S, Multigner L. Chlordecone exposure and risk of congenital anomalies: the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40992-40998. [PMID: 31376129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that was extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies until 1993. Its persistence in soil has led to widespread pollution of the environment, and human beings, including pregnant women, are still exposed to this chemical. High levels of exposure to chlordecone during gestation have been shown to cause congenital anomalies, including undescended testes in rodents. We assessed the associations between chlordecone concentrations in maternal and cord plasma and the risk of congenital anomalies in the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study (2004-2007) that included 1068 pregnant women in Guadeloupe. Odds ratios were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding factors. The median plasma concentrations in maternal and cord plasma were 0.39 μg/L and 0.20 μg/L, respectively. Thirty-six children were diagnosed with malformations according to the European Registration of Congenital Anomalies guidelines and 25 with undescended testes. There was no association between maternal or cord plasma concentration of chlordecone and the risk of overall malformations nor undescended testes. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to the currently observed environmental levels of chlordecone in French West Indies does not increase the risk of birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Rouget
- CHU de Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean François Viel
- CHU de Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean Pierre Thome
- LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie-Centre de Recherche Analytique et Technologique), Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Alabed Alibrahim E, Legeay S, Billat PA, Bichon E, Guiffard I, Antignac JP, Legras P, Roux J, Bristeau S, Clere N, Faure S, Mouvet C. In vivo comparison of the proangiogenic properties of chlordecone and three of its dechlorinated derivatives formed by in situ chemical reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40953-40962. [PMID: 30710326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) has been identified as a possible way for the remediation of soils contaminated by chlordecone (CLD). Evidences provided by the literature indicate an association between the development of prostate cancer and CLD exposure (Multigner et al. 2010). In a previous in vitro study, we demonstrated that the two main dechlorinated CLD derivatives formed by ISCR, CLD-1Cl, and CLD-3Cl have lower cytotoxicity and proangiogenic properties than CLD itself (Legeay et al. 2017). By contrast, nothing is known on the in vivo proangiogenic effect of these dechlorinated derivatives. Based on in vitro data, the aims of this study were therefore to evaluate the in vivo influence of CLD and three of its dechlorinated metabolites in the control of neovascularization in a mice model of prostate cancer. The proangiogenic effect of CLD and three of its dechlorinated derivatives, CLD-1Cl, CLD-3Cl, and CLD-4Cl, was evaluated on a murine model of human prostate tumor (PC-3) treated, at two exposure levels: 33 μg/kg and 1.7 μg/kg respectively reflecting acute and chronic toxic exposure in human. The results of serum measurements show that, for the same ingested dose, the three metabolite concentrations were significantly lower than that of CLD. Dechlorination of CLD lead therefore to molecules that are biologically absorbed or metabolized, or both, faster than the parent molecule. Prostate tumor growth was lower in the groups treated by the three metabolites compared to the one treated by CLD. The vascularization measured on the tumor sections was inversely proportional to the rate of dechlorination, the treatment with CLD-4Cl showing no difference with control animals treated with only the vehicle oil used for all substances tested. We can therefore conclude that the proangiogenic effect of CLD is significantly decreased following the ISCR-resulting dechlorination. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which dechlorination of CLD reduces proangiogenic effects in prostate tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Alabed Alibrahim
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Samuel Legeay
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France.
| | - Pierre-André Billat
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bichon
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Ingrid Guiffard
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Legras
- SCAHU, UNIV Angers, Pavillon Ollivier, UFR Sciences médicales, rue Haute de Reculée, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Roux
- SCAHU, UNIV Angers, Pavillon Ollivier, UFR Sciences médicales, rue Haute de Reculée, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- Laboratory Division, BRGM, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Clere
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Faure
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Mouvet
- Water, Environment and Ecotechnologies Division, BRGM, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
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Mouvet C, Collet B, Gaude JM, Rangon L, Bristeau S, Senergues M, Lesueur-Jannoyer M, Jestin A, Hellal J, Woignier T. Physico-chemical and agronomic results of soil remediation by In Situ Chemical Reduction applied to a chlordecone-contaminated nitisol at plot scale in a French Caribbean banana plantation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41063-41092. [PMID: 31955334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The In Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR) process was tested in a nitisol in a French Caribbean banana plantation using five different soil amendments. The addition of 2.8% or 4.0% of Zero Valent Iron (ZVI; dw/dw, 2 different trial plots) in the 0-40-cm soil layer lowered the initial chlordecone (CLD) concentration by up to 74% or 69% in 37 days or 94 days, with 75% of the decrease achieved after only 21 or 24 days of treatment depending on the trial plot. The addition of commercially available Daramend® was also tested by applying the 6% dose (dw/dw) recommended by the manufacturer and using either the regular alfalfa-based product or a bagasse-based product specifically formulated for the study. Both significantly lowered CLD concentrations, but to a lesser extent than with the ZVI-only amendment. A bagasse-ZVI mixture prepared on site produced results slightly better than the two Daramend®. The percentage decreases in CLD concentrations were correlated with the negative redox potentials achieved. In all the trial plots, dechlorinated transformation products appeared in the soil and soil water as the CLD concentrations decreased, with H atoms replacing up to 4 and 7 of the 10 Cl atoms, respectively. None of these degradation products appeared to accumulate in the soil or soil water during the treatment. Instead, the reverse occurred, with an overall downward trend in their concentrations over time. The effects of ISCR treatment on agronomic and human health-related parameters were measured in three different crops. The radishes produced with some treatments were visually of lower quality or smaller in size than those grown in the control plots. Lower yields were observed for the cucumbers and sweet potatoes grown after applying the bagasse-based amendments. Mortality among cucumber seedlings was observed after treatment with ZVI only. Simple operational solutions should suffice to remedy these negative agronomic effects. As regards human health-related effects, the CLD concentrations in radishes grown with three of the amendments were significantly lower than in the two control plots and well below the maximum residue level (MRL), which was substantially exceeded in the radishes grown on untreated soil. For cucumbers, the treatments with regular Daramend® and with a local bagasse-ZVI mixture produced fruits with CLD below the MRL and also below the concentrations in one of the two control plots. As for the sweet potatoes, adding a bagasse-ZVI mixture had a significant positive effect by decreasing contamination below the levels in the two control plots and below the MRL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastien Collet
- Brgm, Villa Bel Azur, 4 Lot. Miramar, Route Pointe des Nègres, F-97200, Fort de France, Martinique, France
| | - Jean-Marie Gaude
- UR Banana, Plantain and Pineapple Cropping Systems, CAEC, PERSYST, Cirad, BP 214, F-97285, Le Lamentin Cedex 2, Martinique, France
| | - Luc Rangon
- CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, IMBE, Aix Marseille University, F-13397, Marseille, France
- IRD, UMR IMBE, Campus Agro-Environnemental Caraïbe, Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
| | | | - Mathlide Senergues
- Brgm, Villa Bel Azur, 4 Lot. Miramar, Route Pointe des Nègres, F-97200, Fort de France, Martinique, France
| | - Magalie Lesueur-Jannoyer
- UR Banana, Plantain and Pineapple Cropping Systems, CAEC, PERSYST, Cirad, BP 214, F-97285, Le Lamentin Cedex 2, Martinique, France
| | - Alexandra Jestin
- UR Banana, Plantain and Pineapple Cropping Systems, CAEC, PERSYST, Cirad, BP 214, F-97285, Le Lamentin Cedex 2, Martinique, France
| | | | - Thierry Woignier
- CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, IMBE, Aix Marseille University, F-13397, Marseille, France
- IRD, UMR IMBE, Campus Agro-Environnemental Caraïbe, Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
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Cordier S, Forget-Dubois N, Desrochers-Couture M, Rouget F, Michineau L, Monfort C, Thome JP, Kadhel P, Multigner L, Muckle G. Prenatal and childhood exposure to chlordecone and sex-typed toy preference of 7-year-old Guadeloupean children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40971-40979. [PMID: 31264154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone was used intensively as an insecticide in the French West Indies. Because of its high persistence, the resulting contamination of food and water has led to chronic exposure of the general population as evidenced by its presence in the blood of people of Guadeloupe, in particular in pregnant women and newborns, and in maternal breast milk. Chlordecone is recognized as a reproductive and developmental toxicant, is neurotoxic and carcinogenic in rodents, and is considered as an endocrine-disrupting compound with well-established estrogenic and progestogenic properties both in vitro and in vivo. The question arises of its potential consequences on child neurodevelopment following prenatal and childhood exposure, in particular on behavioral sexual dimorphism in childhood. We followed 116 children from the TIMOUN mother-child cohort study in Guadeloupe, who were examined at age 7. These children were invited to participate in a 7-min structured play session in which they could choose between different toys considered as feminine, masculine, or neutral. The play session was video recorded, and the percentage of the time spent playing with feminine or masculine toys was calculated. We estimated associations between playtime and prenatal exposure to chlordecone (assessed by concentration in cord blood) or childhood exposure (determined from concentrations in child blood obtained at the 7-year follow-up), taking into account confounders and co-exposures to other environmental chemicals. We used a two-group regression model to take into account sex differences in play behavior. Our results do not indicate any modification in sex-typed toy preference among 7-year-old children in relation with either prenatal or childhood exposure to chlordecone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Cordier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Nadine Forget-Dubois
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mireille Desrochers-Couture
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Florence Rouget
- CHU de Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Leah Michineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean Pierre Thome
- LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie-Centre de Recherche Analytique et Technologique), Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-97110, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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[Systematic review of the impact of chlordecone on human health in the French West Indies]. Therapie 2019; 74:611-625. [PMID: 31088689 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several publications have highlighted the adverse effects of chlordecone on human and animal species. The possible long-term consequences continue to be explored as chlordecone still contaminates Caribbean soils. The objective of this literature review is to determine the long-term effects of chlordecone on human health. MATERIAL AND METHOD We searched for the keyword "chlordecone" on different scientific databases: Medline®, ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, EM Premium. We have enriched our research with first degree references, related articles on PubMed and grey literature. RESULTS Of the 192 articles analyzed, 12 responded to the impact of chlordecone on human health in the French West Indies. In obstetrics, exposure to chlordecone was associated with a lower incidence of gestational hypertension. In pediatrics, these studies have shown an association between prenatal exposure to chlordecone and increased risk of prematurity, decreased birth weight (especially when the mother gained excessive weight during pregnancy), decreased fine cognitive and motor acquisition, and changes in circulating concentrations of certain thyroid hormones. In oncology, exposure was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, particularly if there was a family history of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION While the effects of acute exposure to chlordecone at high doses are well described (Kepone Shake syndrome at the time of the Hopewell accident), the effects at environmental doses are becoming clearer even if they remain complex to identify.
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Devault DA, Amalric L, Bristeau S. Chlordecone consumption estimated by sewage epidemiology approach for health policy assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29633-29642. [PMID: 30144006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is an organochlorine insecticide that was intensively used in the French West Indies to control the black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus in bananas. Its usage, however, resulted in the widespread pollution of the environment with heavy sanitary and social consequences, leading to population exposure mainly through food. Time-consuming and costly programs have been used to tackle this problem, and this study proposes to use the emerging sewage epidemiology approach to evaluate the current situation and the effect of such programs. The results determine the maximal value of chlordecone consumption, and considering the detection limit of the analytical protocol, the wastewater was found to have undetectable amounts of chlordecone. This value confirms the efficiency of the population protection strategy provided by French sanitary and environmental authorities. It also bolsters the usage of sewage epidemiology in pesticide assessment and relativizes the chlordecone risk compared to other chemicals of lesser concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Laurence Amalric
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, cedex 2, France
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Gestational exposure to chlordecone promotes transgenerational changes in the murine reproductive system of males. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10274. [PMID: 29980752 PMCID: PMC6035262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors can affect epigenetic events during germline reprogramming and impose distinctive transgenerational consequences onto the offspring. In this study, we examined the transgenerational effects of chlordecone (CD), an organochlorine insecticide with well-known estrogenic properties. We exposed pregnant mice to CD from embryonic day 6.5 to 15.5 and observed a reduction in spermatogonia (SG) numbers in F3, meiotic defects in spermatocytes and decrease in spermatozoa number in the first and third generation of male progeny. The RNA qRT-PCR expression analysis in F1 and transcriptomics analysis in F3 males using the whole testes revealed changes in the expression of genes associated with chromosome segregation, cell division and DNA repair. The expression of the master regulator of pluripotency, Pou5f1, decreased in foetal and increased in adult F1, but not in F3 adult testes. Analysis of histone H3K4me3 distribution revealed widespread changes in its occupancy in the genome of F1 and F3 generations. We established that 7.1% of altered epigenetic marks were conserved between F1 and F3 generations. The overlapping changes common to F1 and F3 include genes implicated in cell adhesion and transcription factor activities functions. Differential peaks observed in F1 males are significantly enriched in predicted ESR1 binding sites, some of which we confirmed to be functional. Our data demonstrate that CD-mediated impairment of reproductive functions could be transmitted to subsequent generations.
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Legeay S, Billat PA, Clere N, Nesslany F, Bristeau S, Faure S, Mouvet C. Two dechlorinated chlordecone derivatives formed by in situ chemical reduction are devoid of genotoxicity and mutagenicity and have lower proangiogenic properties compared to the parent compound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:14313-14323. [PMID: 28210952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (CLD) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, now classified as a persistent organic pollutant. Several studies have previously reported that chronic exposure to CLD leads to hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, raises early child development and pregnancy complications, and increases the risk of liver and prostate cancer. In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) has been identified as a possible way for the remediation of soils contaminated by CLD. In the present study, the objectives were (i) to evaluate the genotoxicity and the mutagenicity of two CLD metabolites formed by ISCR, CLD-5a-hydro, or CLD-5-hydro (5a- or 5- according to CAS nomenclature; CLD-1Cl) and tri-hydroCLD (CLD-3Cl), and (ii) to explore the angiogenic properties of these molecules. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity were investigated using the Ames's technique on Salmonella typhimurium and the in vitro micronucleus micromethod with TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells. The proangiogenic properties were evaluated on the in vitro capillary network formation of human primary endothelial cells. Like CLD, the dechlorinated derivatives of CLD studied were devoid of genotoxic and mutagenic activity. In the assay targeting angiogenic properties, significantly lower microvessel lengths formed by endothelial cells were observed for the CLD-3Cl-treated cells compared to the CLD-treated cells for two of the three tested concentrations. These results suggest that dechlorinated CLD derivatives are devoid of mutagenicity and genotoxicity and have lower proangiogenic properties than CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Legeay
- UFR Santé, Département Pharmacie, Université Bretagne Loire, Université d'Angers, 16 Bd Daviers, 49 100, Angers, France
| | - Pierre-André Billat
- UFR Santé, Département Pharmacie, Université Bretagne Loire, Université d'Angers, 16 Bd Daviers, 49 100, Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Clere
- UFR Santé, Département Pharmacie, Université Bretagne Loire, Université d'Angers, 16 Bd Daviers, 49 100, Angers, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Institut Pasteur de Lille (IPL), Lille Cedex, France
- EA 4483, Université Lille 2, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- BRGM, Laboratory Division, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Faure
- UFR Santé, Département Pharmacie, Université Bretagne Loire, Université d'Angers, 16 Bd Daviers, 49 100, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Mouvet
- BRGM, Water, Environment and Ecotechnologies Division, 3 Av. Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, Cedex 2, France.
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Yehya S, Delannoy M, Fournier A, Baroudi M, Rychen G, Feidt C. Activated carbon, a useful medium to bind chlordecone in soil and limit its transfer to growing goat kids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179548. [PMID: 28723966 PMCID: PMC5516976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone) (CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide which was extensively used in the French West Indies; high levels of CLD can still currently be found in large agricultural areas. As CLD transfers from soil to animals mainly via involuntary ingestion, the consumption of foodstuffs derived from animals raised in contaminated areas may significantly contribute to exposure of humans to CLD. The present study was designed to test the efficacy of two different activated carbons (ACs) sources in limiting CLD transfer from soil to animal. Three soils (ASs) were prepared according to the OECD guideline 207. One standard soil (SS) lacking AC, and two modified preparations of SS supplemented with 2% coconut-based activated carbon (ORBO), SSO or with 2% lignite-based one (DARCO), SSD. All three soils were spiked with 10 μg of kepone per g of dry matter and aged for three weeks. This study involved 15 goat kids randomly assigned to the 3 experimental groups (n = 5/group), which were fed the experimental matrices at an exposure dose of 10 μg CLD per kg of body weight per day. After 21 d of oral exposure, CLD in adipose tissue and liver were analysed by LC-MS-MS. A significant decrease of 63.7% and 74.7% of CLD concentrations in adipose tissue and liver, respectively, were obtained from animals exposed using SS containing DARCO as compared to those receiving only SS. Decreases in CLD levels of 98.2% (adipose tissue) and 98.7% (liver) were obtained for animals exposed using SS containing ORBO. This study leads us to conclude that (i) the presence of AC in CLD-contaminated soil strongly reduces CLD bioavailability, and (ii) the efficacy depends on the nature and characteristics of the AC used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yehya
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Lebanese University–Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Matthieu Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Moomen Baroudi
- Lebanese University–Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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11
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Hervé D, Costet N, Kadhel P, Rouget F, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Multigner L, Cordier S. Prenatal exposure to chlordecone, gestational weight gain, and birth weight in a Guadeloupean birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:436-444. [PMID: 27560981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide with well-defined estrogenic properties. It was intensively used in the French West Indies until 1993 to control the banana root borer. Because of the long-term contamination of soils and water, the population is currently exposed to chlordecone through food consumption. Chlordecone has been found in the blood of pregnant women and in cord blood. It has been shown to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical and exposure during pregnancy may affect fetal growth. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to examine the association between prenatal exposure to chlordecone and fetal growth based on the TIMOUN birth cohort conducted in Guadeloupe, with a focus on the potential modification of this relationship by maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG). METHODS Chlordecone was determined in cord plasma at birth in 593 babies. Birth weight was the indicator of fetal growth. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were determined. Adherence to GWG recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine based on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was assessed. Birth weight was analyzed relative to cord blood chlordecone levels using linear and non-linear regression models. RESULTS Overall chlordecone in cord blood was not associated with birth weight, but we found an interaction between chlordecone exposure with GWG and adherence to GWG recommendations. After stratification by GWG, we found a significant U-shaped association between birth weight and chlordecone exposure, within the upper quartiles of GWG or excessive GWG. CONCLUSION Chlordecone exposure may affect fetal growth, particularly when excessive GWG is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hervé
- INSERM, IRSET, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; University Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Costet
- INSERM, IRSET, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; University Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- INSERM, IRSET, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; Pôle Parent-Enfant, Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Florence Rouget
- INSERM, IRSET, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- INSERM, IRSET, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; University Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Luc Multigner
- INSERM, IRSET, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; University Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- INSERM, IRSET, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; University Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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12
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Lafontaine A, Hanikenne M, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Forget-Leray J, Thomé JP, Gismondi E. Vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor gene expression and 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration in Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to chlordecone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20661-20671. [PMID: 27470247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide widely used in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) to control the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. Although it was previously highlighted that chlordecone may affect the reproduction and growth of vertebrate species, little information is available on the chlordecone effects in invertebrates. The present study investigated the effects of chlordecone on a hormone and a protein having key roles in reproduction and growth of the decapod crustacean Macrobrachium rosenbergii, by measuring the 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration, vitellogenin, and vitellogenin receptor gene expression, as well as the bioconcentration of chlordecone in exposed prawns. First, the results revealed that chlordecone was accumulated in M. rosenbergii. Then, it was found that Vg and VgR gene expression were increased in male and female M. rosenbergii exposed to chlordecone for 90 and 240 days, while the 20-hydroxyecdysone concentrations were decreased. This work suggests that chlordecone accumulates in prawn tissues and could affect key molecules involved in the reproduction and the growth of the invertebrate M. rosenbergii. However, many questions remain unresolved regarding the impacts of chlordecone on growth and reproduction and the signaling pathways responsible for these effects, as well as the potential role of confounding factors present in in situ studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lafontaine
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), University of Liège, 15 Allée du Six Aout, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- Center for Protein Engineering, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, 27 Boulevard du Rectorat, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, 27 Boulevard du Rectorat, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULH, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, 76058, Le Havre, France
| | - Joëlle Forget-Leray
- Normandie University, ULH, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, 76058, Le Havre, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), University of Liège, 15 Allée du Six Aout, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), University of Liège, 15 Allée du Six Aout, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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13
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Yang L, Zhou B, Zha J, Wang Z. Mechanistic study of chlordecone-induced endocrine disruption: Based on an adverse outcome pathway network. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:372-381. [PMID: 27448318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework could be helpful for chemical risk assessment and mechanistic research. The aim of the present study was to unravel the mechanism of chlordecone-induced endocrine disruption by illustrating the main molecular initiating event (MIE)/perturbations responsible for the observed effects. In silico simulations were performed to predict the MIE(s), and the results pointed to agonistic interaction with estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ), androgen receptor (AR), cytochrome P450 (CYP19A) by chlordecone. In vivo endocrine disruptions were evaluated in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg L(-1) chlordecone from 2 h post-fertilization until sexually mature. In the females, increases of vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA levels in liver and gonad, plasma estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and E2/T, and renalsomatic index confirmed the role of agonism of ER and CYP19A as MIEs, but the decreased gonadosomatic index, degenerated ovaries as well as the feed-forward response pointed to other potential but important MIEs and corresponding AOPs. In the males, increased E2/T ratio, increased testis vtg mRNA levels and occurrence of intersex confirmed the roles of agonism of ERα and CYP19A as main MIEs in chlordecone-induced endocrine disruptions. Our results also fetches out the limit of AOPs in predicting the adverse outcomes and explaining the mechanism of chemicals at present, thus reflected a critical need for expanding AOPs and AOP network before using it in chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
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Merlin C, Devers M, Béguet J, Boggio B, Rouard N, Martin-Laurent F. Evaluation of the ecotoxicological impact of the organochlorine chlordecone on soil microbial community structure, abundance, and function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4185-4198. [PMID: 26025175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide chlordecone applied for decades in banana plantations currently contaminates 20,000 ha of arable land in the French West Indies. Although the impact of various pesticides on soil microorganisms has been studied, chlordecone toxicity to the soil microbial community has never been assessed. We investigated in two different soils (sandy loam and silty loam) exposed to different concentrations of CLD (D0, control; D1 and D10, 1 and 10 times the agronomical dose) over different periods of time (3, 7, and 32 days): (i) the fate of chlordecone by measuring (14)C-chlordecone mass balance and (ii) the impact of chlordecone on microbial community structure, abundance, and function, using standardized methods (-A-RISA, taxon-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR), and (14)C-compounds mineralizing activity). Mineralization of (14)C-chlordecone was inferior below 1 % of initial (14)C-activity. Less than 2 % of (14)C-activity was retrieved from the water-soluble fraction, while most of it remained in the organic-solvent-extractable fraction (75 % of initial (14)C-activity). Only 23 % of the remaining (14)C-activity was measured in nonextractable fraction. The fate of chlordecone significantly differed between the two soils. The soluble and nonextractable fractions were significantly higher in sandy loam soil than in silty loam soil. All the measured microbiological parameters allowed discriminating statistically the two soils and showed a variation over time. The genetic structure of the bacterial community remained insensitive to chlordecone exposure in silty loam soil. In response to chlordecone exposure, the abundance of Gram-negative bacterial groups (β-, γ-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes) was significantly modified only in sandy loam soil. The mineralization of (14)C-sodium acetate and (14)C-2,4-D was insensitive to chlordecone exposure in silty loam soil. However, mineralization of (14)C-sodium acetate was significantly reduced in soil microcosms of sandy loam soil exposed to chlordecone as compared to the control (D0). These data show that chlordecone exposure induced changes in microbial community taxonomic composition and function in one of the two soils, suggesting microbial toxicity of this organochlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Merlin
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marion Devers
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Boggio
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nadine Rouard
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France.
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15
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Multigner L, Kadhel P, Rouget F, Blanchet P, Cordier S. Chlordecone exposure and adverse effects in French West Indies populations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3-8. [PMID: 25940496 PMCID: PMC4712216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone) is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used as insecticide and fungicide. In the French West Indies, Guadeloupe and Martinique, it was intensively applied to banana fields from 1973 to 1993 to control root borers. This pesticide undergoes no significant biotic or abiotic degradation in the environment and is still present in soils where it was applied. It was only in 1999 that health and environmental authorities became aware of the extent of the chlordecone pollution of environmental media, including soils, waterways, and the food chain. Earlier observations and toxicological studies have demonstrated that chlordecone is a reproductive and developmental toxicant, neurotoxic and carcinogenic in rodents, and is an endocrine-disrupting chemical because of its estrogenic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Several surveys have confirmed that the French West Indian population continues to be exposed to this chemical though consumption of contaminated foodstuffs. Here, we report the findings of various epidemiological studies conducted in the French West Indies to assess the impact of environmental exposure to chlordecone on the health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Multigner
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, F-97145, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
- Université de Rennes 1, F-35700, Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, F-97145, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU de Pointe à Pitre, F-97159, Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - Florence Rouget
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, F-97145, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Université de Rennes 1, F-35700, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, F-97145, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Service d'Urologie, CHU de Pointe à Pitre, F-97159, Pointe à Pitre, France
- Université Antilles-Guyane, F-97159, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Inserm, U1085 - IRSET, F-97145, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Université de Rennes 1, F-35700, Rennes, France
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16
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Devault DA, Laplanche C, Pascaline H, Bristeau S, Mouvet C, Macarie H. Natural transformation of chlordecone into 5b-hydrochlordecone in French West Indies soils: statistical evidence for investigating long-term persistence of organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:81-97. [PMID: 26122571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (CLD) was an organochlorine insecticide whose previous use resulted in an extensive pollution of the environment with severe health effects and social consequences. A closely related compound, 5b-hydrochlordecone (5b-hydroCLD), has been searched for and often detected in environmental matrices from the geographical area where CLD was applied. The current consensus considered that its presence was not the result of a biotic or abiotic dechlorination of CLD in these matrices but rather the consequence of its presence as impurity (synthesis by-product) in the CLD released into the environment. The aim of the present study was to determine if and to what extent degradation of CLD into 5b-hydroCLD occurred in the field. To test this hypothesis, the ratios of 5b-hydroCLD and CLD concentrations in a dataset of 810 soils collected between 2006 and 2012 in Martinique were compared to the ratios measured in 3 samples of the CLD dust commercial formulations applied in the banana fields of French West Indies (FWI) and 1 sample of the technical-grade CLD corresponding to the active ingredient used in such formulations. Soil data were processed with a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for random measurement errors and data censoring. Any pathway of CLD transformation into 5b-hydroCLD occurring over the long term in FWI soils would indeed change the ratio of 5b-hydroCLD/CLD compared to what it was in the initially applied formulations. Results showed a significant increase of the 5b-hydroCLD/CLD ratio in the soils-25 times greater in soil than in commercial formulations-which suggested that natural CLD transformation into 5b-hydroCLD over the long term occurred in these soils. Results from this study may impact future decisions for the remediation of the polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- EA 929 AIHP-GEODE, Groupe Biospheres, Université des Antilles, Campus de Schœlcher, Schœlcher Cedex, France.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris Sud, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Laplanche
- INP, UPS, CNRS, ECOLAB (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Pascaline
- EA 929 AIHP-GEODE, Groupe Biospheres, Université des Antilles, Campus de Schœlcher, Schœlcher Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP6009, 45060, Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Mouvet
- Division Eau, Environnement et Ecotechnologies, BRGM, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, BP6009, 45060, Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Macarie
- IRD, UMR IMBE, Campus Agro-environnemental Caraïbe, BP 214, 97285, Lamentin, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, UMR 7263 - IRD 237, 13397, Marseille, France
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Saeedi Saravi SS, Dehpour AR. Potential role of organochlorine pesticides in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neurobehavioral disorders: A review. Life Sci 2015; 145:255-64. [PMID: 26549647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent and bioaccumulative environmental contaminants with potential neurotoxic effects. The growing body of evidence has demonstrated that prenatal exposure to organochlorines (OCs) is associated with impairment of neuropsychological development. The hypothesis is consistent with recent studies emphasizing the correlation of environmental as well as genetic factors to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral defects. It has been suggested that maternal exposure to OCPs results in impaired motor and cognitive development in newborns and infants. Moreover, in utero exposure to these compounds contributes to the etiology of autism. Although impaired neurodevelopment occurs through prenatal exposure to OCs, breastfeeding causes postnatal toxicity in the infants. Parkinson's disease (PD) is another neurological disorder, which has been associated with exposure to OCs, leading to α-synuclein accumulation and depletion of dopaminergic neurons. The study aimed to review the potential association between pre- and post-natal exposure to OCs and impaired neurodevelopmental processes during pregnancy and neuropsychological diseases such as PD, behavioral alterations, seizures and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Saunders L, Kadhel P, Costet N, Rouget F, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Guldner L, Cordier S, Multigner L. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus among French Caribbean women chronically exposed to chlordecone. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 68:171-6. [PMID: 24727072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the consequences of environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides for gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that was used intensively, and almost exclusively, in the French West Indies until 1993. We investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to chlordecone on the occurrence of GDM, GH and PE by studying 779 pregnant women enrolled in a prospective mother-child cohort (Timoun Study) in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007. Chlordecone exposure was determined by assaying maternal plasma and information about pregnancy complications was obtained from midwives, pediatricians and hospital medical records after delivery. The risks of GH (n=65), PE (n=31) and GDM (n=71) were estimated by multiple logistic regression including potential confounders. Levels of chlordecone plasma concentration in the third (OR=0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1, 0.5) and fourth quartiles (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) were associated with a statistically significant decrease in the risk of GH. A log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was significantly associated with lower risk of GH (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.6). No significant associations were observed between the chlordecone exposure and the risk of PE or GDM. This study suggests an inverse association between chlordecone exposure during pregnancy and GH. Further studies are required to determine the underlying mechanism, or the potential unknown confounding factors, resulting in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Saunders
- Team of Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM UMR1085, IRSET), Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- Team of Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM UMR1085, IRSET), Rennes, France; Gynecology and Obstetric Unit, CHU Pointe à Pitre/Abymes, Guadeloupe, French West Indies, France
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Team of Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM UMR1085, IRSET), Rennes, France
| | - Florence Rouget
- Team of Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM UMR1085, IRSET), Rennes, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Team of Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM UMR1085, IRSET), Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Center for Analytical Research and Technology, Liege University, Belgium
| | - Laurence Guldner
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Department of Environmental Health, St-Maurice, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Team of Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM UMR1085, IRSET), Rennes, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Team of Epidemiological Research on Environment, Reproduction and Development, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM UMR1085, IRSET), Rennes, France.
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Martin-Laurent F, Sahnoun MM, Merlin C, Vollmer G, Lübke M. Detection and quantification of chlordecone in contaminated soils from the French West Indies by GC-MS using the 13C10-chlordecone stable isotope as a tracer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4928-4933. [PMID: 23733305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is an organochlorine insecticide that has been widely used to control banana weevil in the French West Indies. As a result of this intense use, up to 20,000 ha are contaminated by this insecticide in the French West Indies, and this causes environmental damage and health problems. A scenario of exposure was drawn by French authorities, based on land usage records. Many efforts have been made to monitor the occurrence of chlordecone and its main metabolites using different analytical methods, including GC, GC/MS, LC/MS, and NIRS. Although these different methods allow for the detection and quantification of chlordecone from soils, none of them estimate the bottleneck caused by extraction of this organochlorine from soils with high adsorption ability. In this study, we used (13)C10-chlordecone as a tracer to estimate chlordecone extraction yield and to quantify chlordecone in soil extracts based on the (13)C/(12)C isotope dilution. We report the optimization of (13)C10-chlordecone extraction from an Andosol. The method was found to be linear from 0.118 to 43 mg kg(-1) in the Andosol, with an instrumental detection limit estimated at 8.84 μg kg(-1). This method showed that chlordecone ranged from 35.4 down to 0.18 mg kg(-1) in Andosol, Nitisol, Ferralsol, and Fluvisol soil types. Traces of the metabolite β-monohydrochlordecone were detected in the Andosol, Nitisol, and Ferralsol soil samples. This last result indicates that this method could be useful to monitor the fate of chlordecone in soils of the French West Indies.
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Kadhel P, Monfort C, Costet N, Rouget F, Thomé JP, Multigner L, Cordier S. Chlordecone exposure, length of gestation, and risk of preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:536-44. [PMID: 24401561 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants have not been conclusively associated with length of gestation or with preterm birth. Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies. Data from the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007 were used to examine the associations of chlordecone concentrations in maternal plasma with the length of gestation and the rate preterm birth in 818 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression for length of gestation and a Cox model for preterm birth. The median plasma chlordecone concentration was 0.39 µg/L (interquartile range, 0.18-0.83). No correlation was observed with plasma concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (ρ = 0.017) or polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (ρ = -0.016), the other main organochlorine compounds detected. A 1-log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was associated with a decreased length of gestation (-0.27 weeks; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.03) and an increased risk of preterm birth (60%; 95% confidence interval: 10, 130). These associations may result from the estrogen-like and progestin-like properties of chlordecone. These results are of public health relevance because of the prolonged persistence of chlordecone in the environment and the high background rate of preterm births in this population.
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Fernández-Bayo JD, Saison C, Voltz M, Disko U, Hofmann D, Berns AE. Chlordecone fate and mineralisation in a tropical soil (andosol) microcosm under aerobic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:395-403. [PMID: 23827360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide that, even decades after its ban, poses a threat to the environment and human health. Nevertheless, its environmental fate in soils has scarcely been investigated, and elementary data on its degradation and behaviour in soil are lacking. The mineralisation and sorption of chlordecone and the formation of possible metabolites were evaluated in a tropical agricultural andosol. Soil microcosms with two different soil horizons (S-A and S-B) were incubated for 215 days with 14C-chlordecone. At five different times (1, 33, 88, 150 and 215 days) the extractability of 14C-chlordecone was analysed. Mineralisation was monitored using 14CO2 traps of NaOH. The appearance of metabolites was studied using thin layer and gas chromatography techniques. At the end of the experiment, the water soluble 14C-activity was 2% of the remaining 14C-chlordecone for S-A and 8% for S-B. Only 12% of the remaining activity was non extractable and more than 80% remained extractable with organic solvents. For the first time to our knowledge, a significant mineralisation of chlordecone was measured in a microcosm under aerobic conditions (4.9% for S-A and 3.2% for S-B of the initial 14C-activity). The drastically lower emission of 14CO2 in sterilised microcosms indicated the biological origin of chlordecone mineralisation in the non-sterilised microcosms. No metabolites could be detected in the soil extracts. The mineralisation rate of chlordecone decreased by one order of magnitude throughout the incubation period. Thus, the chlordecone content in the soil remained large. This study confirms the existence of chlordecone degrading organisms in a tropical andosol. The reasons why their activity is restricted should be elucidated to allow the development of bioremediation approaches. Possible reasons are a heterogeneous distribution a chlordecone between sub-compartments with different microbial activities or a degradation of chlordecone by co-metabolic processes controlled by a limited supply of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus D Fernández-Bayo
- IRD, UMR LISAH Bât 24, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France; INRA, UMR LISAH Bât 24, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
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Bouveret C, Rychen G, Lerch S, Jondreville C, Feidt C. Relative bioavailability of tropical volcanic soil-bound chlordecone in piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9269-9274. [PMID: 23992462 DOI: 10.1021/jf400697r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of chlordecone (CLD), a chlorinated polycyclic ketone pesticide, until 1993 in the French West Indies has resulted in long-term pollution of agricultural soils (10% of them exceed 1 mg kg(-1)). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two tropical volcanic soils, an andosol and a nitisol, on CLD availability in piglets, using the relative bioavailability (RBA) approach. For both soils and relative to an oil matrix, RBA was close to 100%, indicating that CLD was not retained in the soil matrices during the piglet digestive process. Additionally, after a 14 day exposure period, liver and subcutaneous fat CLD concentrations exceeded the maximum residue limit (10 μg kg(-1) of fresh matter and 100 μg kg(-1) of fat for liver and subcutaneous fat, respectively) beyond a CLD ingestion of 2.1 and 6.8 μg CLD kg(-1) of body weight per day, respectively. Thus, rearing practices in CLD-contaminated areas should avoid involuntary soil ingestion by farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bouveret
- Université de Lorraine, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, EA 3998, USC INRA 340, ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Boucher O, Simard MN, Muckle G, Rouget F, Kadhel P, Bataille H, Chajès V, Dallaire R, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Multigner L, Cordier S. Exposure to an organochlorine pesticide (chlordecone) and development of 18-month-old infants. Neurotoxicology 2013; 35:162-8. [PMID: 23376090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that was used in the French West Indies until the early 1990s for banana weevil borer control. Human exposure to this chemical in this area still occurs nowadays due to consumption of contaminated food. Although adverse effects on neurodevelopment, including tremors and memory deficits, have been documented in experimental studies conducted with rodents exposed during the gestational and neonatal periods, no study has been conducted yet to determine if chlordecone alters child development. This study examines the relation of gestational and postnatal exposure to chlordecone to infant development at 18 months of age in a birth-cohort of Guadeloupean children. In a prospective longitudinal study conducted in Guadeloupe (Timoun mother-child cohort study), exposure to chlordecone was measured at birth from an umbilical cord blood sample (n=141) and from a breast milk sample collected at 3 months postpartum (n=75). Toddlers were assessed using an adapted version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Higher chlordecone concentrations in cord blood were associated with poorer fine motor scores. When analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls, this effect was only observed among boys. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to chlordecone is associated with specific impairments in fine motor function in boys, and add to the growing evidence that exposure to organochlorine pesticides early in life impairs child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucher
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Édifice Delta 2, Bureau 600, 2875, boulevard Laurier, 6e étage, Québec (Qc) G1V 2M2, Canada.
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Jondreville C, Bouveret C, Lesueur-Jannoyer M, Rychen G, Feidt C. Relative bioavailability of tropical volcanic soil-bound chlordecone in laying hens (Gallus domesticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:292-299. [PMID: 22684877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The former use of chlordecone (CLD) in the French West Indies has resulted in long-term pollution of soils and of food chains. CLD may be transferred into eggs of hens reared outdoors, through polluted soil ingestion. Tropical volcanic soils display variable capacities of pollutant retention: CLD is less available and more persistent in andosol than in nitisol. The impact of soil type on CLD bioavailability to hens was tested through a relative bioavailability study. The deposition of CLD in egg yolk and in abdominal fat was measured in 42 individually housed laying hens fed with diets containing graded levels of CLD from polluted andosol, nitisol, or spiked oil during 23 days. Within each ingested matrix, the concentration of CLD in yolk and in abdominal fat linearly increased with the amount of ingested CLD (P < 0.001). However, the response to andosol diets and to nitisol diets was not different from the response to oil diets (P > 0.1), indicating that CLD was equally bioavailable to laying hens, irrespective of the matrix. This suggests that the hen's gastrointestinal tract efficiently extracts CLD from the two tropical volcanic soils, regardless of their retention capacity. Thus, hens reared on polluted soils with CLD may lay contaminated eggs.
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Dallaire R, Muckle G, Rouget F, Kadhel P, Bataille H, Guldner L, Seurin S, Chajès V, Monfort C, Boucher O, Thomé JP, Jacobson SW, Multigner L, Cordier S. Cognitive, visual, and motor development of 7-month-old Guadeloupean infants exposed to chlordecone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 118:79-85. [PMID: 22910562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticide chlordecone was extensively used in the French West Indies to control banana root borer. Its persistence in soils has led to the widespread pollution of the environment, and human beings are still exposed to this chemical. Chlordecone has been shown to impair neurological and behavioural functions in rodents when exposed gestationally or neonatally. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of prenatal and postnatal exposure to chlordecone on the cognitive, visual, and motor development of 7-month-old infants from Guadeloupe. METHODS Infants were tested at 7 months (n=153). Visual recognition memory and processing speed were assessed with the Fagan Tests of Infant Intelligence (FTII), visual acuity with the Teller Acuity Card, and fine motor development with the Brunet-Lezine. Samples of cord blood and breast milk at 3 months (n=88) were analyzed for chlordecone concentrations. Postnatal exposure was determined through breast feeding and frequency of contaminated food consumption by the infants. RESULTS Cord chlordecone concentrations in tertiles were associated with reduced novelty preference on the FTII in the highly exposed group (β=-0.19, p=0.02). Postnatal exposure through contaminated food consumption was marginally related to reduced novelty preference (β=-0.14, p=0.07), and longer processing speed (β=0.16, p=0.07). Detectable levels of chlordecone in cord blood were associated with higher risk of obtaining low scores on the fine motor development scale (OR=1.25, p<0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that pre- and postnatal low chronic exposure to chlordecone is associated with negative effects on cognitive and motor development during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Dallaire
- School of Psychology, Laval University and CHUQ Research Center, Québec, Canada
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Seurin S, Rouget F, Reninger JC, Gillot N, Loynet C, Cordier S, Multigner L, Leblanc JC, Volatier JL, Héraud F. Dietary exposure of 18-month-old Guadeloupian toddlers to chlordecone. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 63:471-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guldner L, Multigner L, Héraud F, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Giusti A, Kadhel P, Cordier S. Pesticide exposure of pregnant women in Guadeloupe: ability of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate blood concentration of chlordecone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 110:146-51. [PMID: 20003965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chlordecone, an environmentally persistent organochlorine insecticide used intensively in banana culture in the French West Indies until 1993, has permanently polluted soils and contaminated foodstuffs. Consumption of contaminated food is the main source of exposure nowadays. We sought to identify main contributors to blood chlordecone concentration (BCC) and to validate an exposure indicator based on food intakes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed by a sample of 194 pregnant women to estimate their dietary exposure to chlordecone and compared it to blood levels. In a first approach, chlordecone daily intake was estimated as the product of daily eaten quantity of 214 foodstuffs, multiplied by their chlordecone content, and summed over all items. We then predicted individual blood chlordecone concentration with empirical weight regression models based on frequency of food consumption, and without contamination data. RESULTS Among the 191 subjects who had BCC determination, 146 (76%) had detectable values and mean BCC was 0.86 ng/mL (range < LOD-13.2). Mean per capita dietary intake of chlordecone was estimated at 3.3 microg/day (range: 0.1-22.2). Blood chlordecone levels were significantly correlated with food exposure predicted from the empirical weight models (r=0.47, p<0.0001) and, to a lesser extent, with chlordecone intake estimated from food consumption and food contamination data (r=0.20, p=0.007). Main contributors to chlordecone exposure included seafood, root vegetables, and Cucurbitaceous. CONCLUSION These results show that the Timoun FFQ provides valid estimates of chlordecone exposure. Estimates from empirical weight models correlated better with blood levels of chlordecone than did estimates from the dietary intake assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Guldner
- INSERM U625, GERHM, Université Rennes 1, IFR 140, 35042, Rennes, France.
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Swan SH, Kruse RL, Liu F, Barr DB, Drobnis EZ, Redmon JB, Wang C, Brazil C, Overstreet JW. Semen quality in relation to biomarkers of pesticide exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2003; 111:1478-84. [PMID: 12948887 PMCID: PMC1241650 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported reduced sperm concentration and motility in fertile men in a U.S. agrarian area (Columbia, MO) relative to men from U.S. urban centers (Minneapolis, MN; Los Angeles, CA; New York, NY). In the present study we address the hypothesis that pesticides currently used in agriculture in the Midwest contributed to these differences in semen quality. We selected men in whom all semen parameters (concentration, percentage sperm with normal morphology, and percentage motile sperm) were low (cases) and men in whom all semen parameters were within normal limits (controls) within Missouri and Minnesota (sample sizes of 50 and 36, respectively) and measured metabolites of eight current-use pesticides in urine samples provided at the time of semen collection. All pesticide analyses were conducted blind with respect to center and case-control status. Pesticide metabolite levels were elevated in Missouri cases, compared with controls, for the herbicides alachlor and atrazine and for the insecticide diazinon [2-isopropoxy-4-methyl-pyrimidinol (IMPY)]; for Wilcoxon rank test, p = 0.0007, 0.012, and 0.0004 for alachlor, atrazine, and IMPY, respectively. Men from Missouri with high levels of alachlor or IMPY were significantly more likely to be cases than were men with low levels [odds ratios (ORs) = 30.0 and 16.7 for alachlor and IMPY, respectively], as were men with atrazine levels higher than the limit of detection (OR = 11.3). The herbicides 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and metolachlor were also associated with poor semen quality in some analyses, whereas acetochlor levels were lower in cases than in controls (p = 0.04). No significant associations were seen for any pesticides within Minnesota, where levels of agricultural pesticides were low, or for the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) or the malathion metabolite malathion dicarboxylic acid. These associations between current-use pesticides and reduced semen quality suggest that agricultural chemicals may have contributed to the reduction in semen quality in fertile men from mid-Missouri we reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna H Swan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, MA 306 Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Akingbemi BT, Hardy MP. Oestrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals in the environment: effects on male reproductive health. Ann Med 2001; 33:391-403. [PMID: 11585100 DOI: 10.3109/07853890108995952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposures of human populations to pesticides and industrial pollutants, and to synthetic chemicals present in foods, beverages, and plastics, have raised concern that these substances can interfere with endogenous sex hormone function. Interference with sex hormone action can, in turn, result in a variety of developmental and reproductive anomalies. Compounds in this class are thus referred to as endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs that affect reproductive processes in vertebrates act primarily by altering oestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. The recent cloning of a second oestrogen receptor (ER) subtype (ERbeta) and its widespread tissue distribution pattern indicates that the first ER to be cloned, ERalpha, may not be the only, or even the primary, mediator of oestrogen action. It is anticipated that this discovery will lead to development of antagonist compounds specific to either ER subtype, and help to determine the function of each receptor subtype in reproductive and other tissues. Growing evidence suggests that EDs interfere with reproductive function at low exposure levels and cause distinct effects at different concentrations within the same organ. Developing organisms have increased susceptibility to the actions of EDs because differentiating tissues are more vulnerable to changes in hormonal milieu. Thus, children are at greater risk of toxicant-related illnesses than adults. However, most data are collected from laboratory studies, and it remains to be determined that the levels of chemicals in the environment can impair human reproductive health. There is also significant genetic variability between human and animal species in their reactions to chemicals. The effects of low-dose, chronic, and multiple chemical exposures warrant further investigation in order to characterize the risk of environmental agents to humans. The aims of this review, which will focus on male reproduction, are to: 1) identify synthetic chemicals in the environment that fall into the ED class; 2) describe their mechanisms of toxicity in reproductive tissues; and, 3) outline the direction of future research efforts with respect to EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Akingbemi
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY 10021, USA
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