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Schmal C, Maier B, Ashwal-Fluss R, Bartok O, Finger AM, Bange T, Koutsouli S, Robles MS, Kadener S, Herzel H, Kramer A. Alternative polyadenylation factor CPSF6 regulates temperature compensation of the mammalian circadian clock. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002164. [PMID: 37379316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A defining property of circadian clocks is temperature compensation, characterized by the resilience of their near 24-hour free-running periods against changes in environmental temperature within the physiological range. While temperature compensation is evolutionary conserved across different taxa of life and has been studied within many model organisms, its molecular underpinnings remain elusive. Posttranscriptional regulations such as temperature-sensitive alternative splicing or phosphorylation have been described as underlying reactions. Here, we show that knockdown of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF6), a key regulator of 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, significantly alters circadian temperature compensation in human U-2 OS cells. We apply a combination of 3'-end-RNA-seq and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to globally quantify changes in 3' UTR length as well as gene and protein expression between wild-type and CPSF6 knockdown cells and their dependency on temperature. Since changes in temperature compensation behavior should be reflected in alterations of temperature responses within one or all of the 3 regulatory layers, we statistically assess differential responses upon changes in ambient temperature between wild-type and CPSF6 knockdown cells. By this means, we reveal candidate genes underlying circadian temperature compensation, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (EIF2S1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmal
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Maier
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reut Ashwal-Fluss
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Osnat Bartok
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Bange
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Stella Koutsouli
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Maria S Robles
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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The intersection between circadian and heat-responsive regulatory networks controls plant responses to increasing temperatures. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1151-1165. [PMID: 35758233 PMCID: PMC9246330 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing temperatures impact plant biochemistry, but the effects can be highly variable. Both external and internal factors modulate how plants respond to rising temperatures. One such factor is the time of day or season the temperature increase occurs. This timing significantly affects plant responses to higher temperatures altering the signaling networks and affecting tolerance levels. Increasing overlaps between circadian signaling and high temperature responses have been identified that could explain this sensitivity to the timing of heat stress. ELF3, a circadian clock component, functions as a thermosensor. ELF3 regulates thermoresponsive hypocotyl elongation in part through its cellular localization. The temperature sensitivity of ELF3 depends on the length of a polyglutamine region, explaining how plant temperature responses vary between species. However, the intersection between the circadian system and increased temperature stress responses is pervasive and extends beyond this overlap in thermosensing. Here, we review the network responses to increased temperatures, heat stress, and the impacts on the mechanisms of gene expression from transcription to translation, highlighting the intersections between the elevated temperature and heat stress response pathways and circadian signaling, focusing on the role of ELF3 as a thermosensor.
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3
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Joshi R, Cai YD, Xia Y, Chiu JC, Emery P. PERIOD Phosphoclusters Control Temperature Compensation of the Drosophila Circadian Clock. Front Physiol 2022; 13:888262. [PMID: 35721569 PMCID: PMC9201207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.888262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient temperature varies constantly. However, the period of circadian pacemakers is remarkably stable over a wide-range of ecologically- and physiologically-relevant temperatures, even though the kinetics of most biochemical reactions accelerates as temperature rises. This thermal buffering phenomenon, called temperature compensation, is a critical feature of circadian rhythms, but how it is achieved remains elusive. Here, we uncovered the important role played by the Drosophila PERIOD (PER) phosphodegron in temperature compensation. This phosphorylation hotspot is crucial for PER proteasomal degradation and is the functional homolog of mammalian PER2 S478 phosphodegron, which also impacts temperature compensation. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we introduced a series of mutations that altered three Serines of the PER phosphodegron. While all three Serine to Alanine substitutions lengthened period at all temperatures tested, temperature compensation was differentially affected. S44A and S45A substitutions caused undercompensation, while S47A resulted in overcompensation. These results thus reveal unexpected functional heterogeneity of phosphodegron residues in thermal compensation. Furthermore, mutations impairing phosphorylation of the per s phosphocluster showed undercompensation, consistent with its inhibitory role on S47 phosphorylation. We observed that S47A substitution caused increased accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated PER at warmer temperatures. This finding was corroborated by cell culture assays in which S47A slowed down phosphorylation-dependent PER degradation at high temperatures, causing PER degradation to be excessively temperature-compensated. Thus, our results point to a novel role of the PER phosphodegron in temperature compensation through temperature-dependent modulation of the abundance of hyper-phosphorylated PER. Our work reveals interesting mechanistic convergences and differences between mammalian and Drosophila temperature compensation of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Joshi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Yao D. Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yongliang Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Joanna C. Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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4
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Parnell AA, De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Translating around the clock: Multi-level regulation of post-transcriptional processes by the circadian clock. Cell Signal 2021; 80:109904. [PMID: 33370580 PMCID: PMC8054296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous circadian clock functions to maintain optimal physiological health through the tissue specific coordination of gene expression and synchronization between tissues of metabolic processes throughout the 24 hour day. Individuals face numerous challenges to circadian function on a daily basis resulting in significant incidences of circadian disorders in the United States and worldwide. Dysfunction of the circadian clock has been implicated in numerous diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and hepatic abnormalities, mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The circadian clock regulates molecular, metabolic and physiological processes through rhythmic gene expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Mounting evidence indicates that post-transcriptional regulation by the circadian clock plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue specific biological rhythms. Circadian regulation affecting RNA stability and localization through RNA processing, mRNA degradation, and RNA availability for translation can result in rhythmic protein synthesis, even when the mRNA transcripts themselves do not exhibit rhythms in abundance. The circadian clock also targets the initiation and elongation steps of translation through multiple pathways. In this review, the influence of the circadian clock across the levels of post-transcriptional, translation, and post-translational modifications are examined using examples from humans to cyanobacteria demonstrating the phylogenetic conservation of circadian regulation. Lastly, we briefly discuss chronotherapies and pharmacological treatments that target circadian function. Understanding the complexity and levels through which the circadian clock regulates molecular and physiological processes is important for future advancement of therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber A Parnell
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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5
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Yan J, Kim YJ, Somers DE. Post-Translational Mechanisms of Plant Circadian Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:325. [PMID: 33668215 PMCID: PMC7995963 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular components of the circadian system possess the interesting feature of acting together to create a self-sustaining oscillator, while at the same time acting individually, and in complexes, to confer phase-specific circadian control over a wide range of physiological and developmental outputs. This means that many circadian oscillator proteins are simultaneously also part of the circadian output pathway. Most studies have focused on transcriptional control of circadian rhythms, but work in plants and metazoans has shown the importance of post-transcriptional and post-translational processes within the circadian system. Here we highlight recent work describing post-translational mechanisms that impact both the function of the oscillator and the clock-controlled outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David E. Somers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.Y.); (Y.J.K.)
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6
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Chen WW, Takahashi N, Hirata Y, Ronald J, Porco S, Davis SJ, Nusinow DA, Kay SA, Mas P. A mobile ELF4 delivers circadian temperature information from shoots to roots. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:416-426. [PMID: 32284549 PMCID: PMC7197390 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is synchronized by environmental cues, mostly by light and temperature. Explaining how the plant circadian clock responds to temperature oscillations is crucial to understanding plant responsiveness to the environment. Here, we found a prevalent temperature-dependent function of the Arabidopsis clock component EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) in the root clock. Although the clocks in roots are able to run in the absence of shoots, micrografting assays and mathematical analyses show that ELF4 moves from shoots to regulate rhythms in roots. ELF4 movement does not convey photoperiodic information, but trafficking is essential for controlling the period of the root clock in a temperature-dependent manner. Low temperatures favour ELF4 mobility, resulting in a slow-paced root clock, whereas high temperatures decrease movement, leading to a faster clock. Hence, the mobile ELF4 delivers temperature information and establishes a shoot-to-root dialogue that sets the pace of the clock in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Chen
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nozomu Takahashi
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoshito Hirata
- Mathematics and Informatics Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - James Ronald
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Silvana Porco
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | - Steve A Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Paloma Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Feng H, Yang Z, Shi Y, Nabipour N. Compensation Method for Sensor Network Clock Error Based on Cyclic Symmetry Algorithm. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061738. [PMID: 32245026 PMCID: PMC7146639 DOI: 10.3390/s20061738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the existing methods cannot evaluate the time delay of different layers of sensor networks, there are some problems such as the low precision of clock error compensation, high time delay, and low efficiency of communication in sensor networks. To solve this problem, a method of clock error compensation in sensor networks based on a cyclic symmetry algorithm is proposed. Based on the basic theory of cyclic symmetry, the cyclic symmetry matrix of the sensor network is constructed; in the communication process, all nodes are extended to get the cumulative delay rate of the sensor network in the specified time domain. Using the cumulative delay rate of the cyclic network and the sensor network, the autoregressive integral sliding mode control model is established to compensate for the cumulative error of clock synchronization. The simulation results show that the compensation accuracy of this method is more than 98%, which can effectively reduce the delay of sensor network. It improves the communication efficiency of the sensor network, meets the communication requirements of the sensor network, and has a very broad application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Feng
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China;
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (N.N.)
| | - Zhanxin Yang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China;
| | - Yuhai Shi
- Internet Technology Institute, Academy of Broadcasting Science, Beijing 100866, China;
| | - Narjes Nabipour
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (N.N.)
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8
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Hearn TJ, Webb AAR. Recent advances in understanding regulation of the Arabidopsis circadian clock by local cellular environment. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32047621 PMCID: PMC6993837 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21307.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks have evolved to synchronise an organism’s physiology with the environmental rhythms driven by the Earth’s rotation on its axis. Over the past two decades, many of the genetic components of the
Arabidopsis thaliana circadian oscillator have been identified. The interactions between these components have been formulized into mathematical models that describe the transcriptional translational feedback loops of the oscillator. More recently, focus has turned to the regulation and functions of the circadian clock. These studies have shown that the system dynamically responds to environmental signals and small molecules. We describe advances that have been made in discovering the cellular mechanisms by which signals regulate the circadian oscillator of Arabidopsis in the context of tissue-specific regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hearn
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.,Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rockefeller Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DE, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alex A R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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9
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Feord HK, Dear FEG, Obbard DJ, van Ooijen G. A Magnesium Transport Protein Related to Mammalian SLC41 and Bacterial MgtE Contributes to Circadian Timekeeping in a Unicellular Green Alga. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020158. [PMID: 30791470 PMCID: PMC6410215 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks in eukaryotes involve both transcriptional-translational feedback loops, post-translational regulation, and metabolic, non-transcriptional oscillations. We recently identified the involvement of circadian oscillations in the intracellular concentrations of magnesium ions (Mg2+i) that were conserved in three eukaryotic kingdoms. Mg2+i in turn contributes to transcriptional clock properties of period and amplitude, and can function as a zeitgeber to define phase. However, the mechanism-or mechanisms-responsible for the generation of Mg2+i oscillations, and whether these are functionally conserved across taxonomic groups, remain elusive. We employed the cellular clock model Ostreococcustauri to provide a first study of an MgtE domain-containing protein in the green lineage. OtMgtE shares homology with the mammalian SLC41A1 magnesium/sodium antiporter, which has previously been implicated in maintaining clock period. Using genetic overexpression, we found that OtMgtE contributes to both timekeeping and daily changes in Mg2+i. However, pharmacological experiments and protein sequence analyses indicated that critical differences exist between OtMgtE and either the ancestral MgtE channel or the mammalian SLC41 antiporters. We concluded that even though MgtE domain-containing proteins are only distantly related, these proteins retain a shared role in contributing to cellular timekeeping and the regulation of Mg2+i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Feord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Frederick E G Dear
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Darren J Obbard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Gerben van Ooijen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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10
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Webb AAR, Seki M, Satake A, Caldana C. Continuous dynamic adjustment of the plant circadian oscillator. Nat Commun 2019; 10:550. [PMID: 30710080 PMCID: PMC6358598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The clockwork of plant circadian oscillators has been resolved through investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana. The circadian oscillator is an important regulator of much of plant physiology, though many of the mechanisms are unclear. New findings demonstrate that the oscillator adjusts phase and period in response to abiotic and biotic signals, providing insight in to how the plant circadian oscillator integrates with the biology of the cell and entrains to light, dark and temperature cycles. We propose that the plant circadian oscillator is dynamically plastic, in constant adjustment, rather than being an isolated clock impervious to cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 0LJ, UK.
| | - Motohide Seki
- Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minamiku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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11
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Jones MA, Morohashi K, Grotewold E, Harmer SL. Arabidopsis JMJD5/JMJ30 Acts Independently of LUX ARRHYTHMO Within the Plant Circadian Clock to Enable Temperature Compensation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30774641 PMCID: PMC6367231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system ensures that plants respond appropriately to environmental change by predicting regular transitions that occur during diel cycles. In order to be most useful, the circadian system needs to be compensated against daily and seasonal changes in temperature that would otherwise alter the pace of this biological oscillator. We demonstrate that an evening-phased protein, the putative histone demethylase JMJD5, contributes to temperature compensation. JMJD5 is co-expressed with components of the Evening Complex, an agglomeration of proteins including EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), ELF4, and LUX ARRHYTHYMO (LUX), which also integrates temperature changes into the molecular clockwork. One role of the Evening Complex is to regulate expression of PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR9 (PRR9) and PRR7, important components of the temperature compensation mechanism. Surprisingly we find that LUX, but not other Evening Complex components, is dispensable for clock function at low temperatures. Further genetic analysis suggests JMJD5 acts in a parallel pathway to LUX within the circadian system. Although an intact JMJD5 catalytic domain is required for its function within the clock, our findings suggest JMJD5 does not directly regulate H3K36 methylation at circadian loci. Such data refine our understanding of how JMDJ5 acts within the Arabidopsis circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Stacey L. Harmer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Stacey L. Harmer,
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12
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le Roux ML, Kunert KJ, van der Vyver C, Cullis CA, Botha AM. Expression of a Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier Protease Increases Drought Tolerance in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 30906307 PMCID: PMC6418343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-translation modification of proteins plays a critical role in cellular signaling processes. In recent years, the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier) class of molecules has emerged as an influential mechanism for target protein management. SUMO proteases play a vital role in regulating pathway flux and are therefore ideal targets for manipulating stress-responses. In the present study, the expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine protease (OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT-1, OTS1) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has led to improved plant growth under water stress conditions. Transformed wheat (pUBI-OTS1) displayed enhanced growth and delayed senescence under water deficit when compared with untransformed Gamtoos-R genotype or plants carrying an empty vector. Transformed pUBI-OTS1 plants also maintained a high relative moisture content (RMC), had a higher photosynthesis rate, and also had a higher total chlorophyll content when compared to untransformed plants or plants carrying an empty vector. SUMOylation of total protein also increased in untransformed plants but not in the AtOTS1 transformed plants. Our results suggest that SUMO-proteases may influence an array of mechanisms in wheat to the advantage of the crop to be more tolerant to water stress caused by drought. This is the first report to elucidate SUMOylation effects in the hexaploid crop wheat (T. aestivum L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon L. le Roux
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karl J. Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Christopher A. Cullis
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Anna-Maria Botha,
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13
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Augustine RC, Vierstra RD. SUMOylation: re-wiring the plant nucleus during stress and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:143-154. [PMID: 30014889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to intracellular proteins provides a dynamic regulatory mechanism that enables plants to rapidly defend against environmental challenges. SUMOylation of mostly nuclear proteins is among the fastest stress responses observed but precisely how this post-translational modification provides stress resilience remains unclear. Here, we describe the plant SUMO system and its expanding target catalog, which implicates this modification in DNA repair, chromatin modification/remodeling, transcriptional activation/repression, epigenetics, and RNA metabolism, with a likely outcome being extensive nuclear re-wiring to withstand stress. In parallel, studies have linked SUMO to developmental programs such as gametogenesis and gene silencing. The accumulating data support the notion that SUMOylation substantially influences the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes to promote stress tolerance and developmental progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Augustine
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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14
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Benlloch R, Lois LM. Sumoylation in plants: mechanistic insights and its role in drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4539-4554. [PMID: 29931319 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification by SUMO is an essential process that has a major role in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. Such diverse biological functions are accompanied by functional diversification among the SUMO conjugation machinery components and regulatory mechanisms that has just started to be identified in plants. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the SUMO conjugation system in plants in terms of components, substrate specificity, cognate interactions, enzyme activity, and subcellular localization. In addition, we analyze existing data on the role of SUMOylation in plant drought tolerance in model plants and crop species, paying attention to the genetic approaches used to stimulate or inhibit endogenous SUMO conjugation. The role in drought tolerance of potential SUMO targets identified in proteomic analyses is also discussed. Overall, the complexity of SUMOylation and the multiple genetic and environmental factors that are integrated to confer drought tolerance highlight the need for significant efforts to understand the interplay between SUMO and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Benlloch
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - L Maria Lois
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics-CRAG, Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
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