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Cheng H, Zhong D, Tan Y, Huang M, Xijie S, Pan H, Yang Z, Huang F, Li F, Tang Q. Advancements in research on the association between the biological CLOCK and type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1320605. [PMID: 38872971 PMCID: PMC11169578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1320605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the Earth's rotation, the natural environment exhibits a light-dark diurnal cycle close to 24 hours. To adapt to this energy intake pattern, organisms have developed a 24-hour rhythmic diurnal cycle over long periods, known as the circadian rhythm, or biological clock. With the gradual advancement of research on the biological clock, it has become increasingly evident that disruptions in the circadian rhythm are closely associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To further understand the progress of research on T2D and the biological clock, this paper reviews the correlation between the biological clock and glucose metabolism and analyzes its potential mechanisms. Based on this, we discuss the potential factors contributing to circadian rhythm disruption and their impact on the risk of developing T2D, aiming to explore new possible intervention measures for the prevention and treatment of T2D in the future. Under the light-dark circadian rhythm, in order to adapt to this change, the human body forms an internal biological clock involving a variety of genes, proteins and other molecules. The main mechanism is the transcription-translation feedback loop centered on the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. The expression of important circadian clock genes that constitute this loop can regulate T2DM-related blood glucose traits such as glucose uptake, fat metabolism, insulin secretion/glucagon secretion and sensitivity in various peripheral tissues and organs. In addition, sleep, light, and dietary factors under circadian rhythms also affect the occurrence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayuan Zhong
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yimei Tan
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
- Graduate school, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Menghe Huang
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
- Graduate school, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Sun Xijie
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixian Yang
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Huang
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifan Li
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Nanhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Foshan, China
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2
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Das JK, Banskota N, Candia J, Griswold ME, Orenduff M, de Cabo R, Corcoran DL, Das SK, De S, Huffman KM, Kraus VB, Kraus WE, Martin C, Racette SB, Redman LM, Schilling B, Belsky D, Ferrucci L. Calorie restriction modulates the transcription of genes related to stress response and longevity in human muscle: The CALERIE study. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13963. [PMID: 37823711 PMCID: PMC10726900 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifespan extension induced by 40% caloric restriction (CR) in rodents is accompanied by postponement of disease, preservation of function, and increased stress resistance. Whether CR elicits the same physiological and molecular responses in humans remains mostly unexplored. In the CALERIE study, 12% CR for 2 years in healthy humans induced minor losses of muscle mass (leg lean mass) without changes of muscle strength, but mechanisms for muscle quality preservation remained unclear. We performed high-depth RNA-Seq (387-618 million paired reads) on human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from the CALERIE participants at baseline, 12- and 24-month follow-up from the 90 CALERIE participants randomized to CR and "ad libitum" control. Using linear mixed effect model, we identified protein-coding genes and splicing variants whose expression was significantly changed in the CR group compared to controls, including genes related to proteostasis, circadian rhythm regulation, DNA repair, mitochondrial biogenesis, mRNA processing/splicing, FOXO3 metabolism, apoptosis, and inflammation. Changes in some of these biological pathways mediated part of the positive effect of CR on muscle quality. Differentially expressed splicing variants were associated with change in pathways shown to be affected by CR in model organisms. Two years of sustained CR in humans positively affected skeletal muscle quality, and impacted gene expression and splicing profiles of biological pathways affected by CR in model organisms, suggesting that attainable levels of CR in a lifestyle intervention can benefit muscle health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Das
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translation Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nirad Banskota
- Computational Biology and Genomics CoreNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Julián Candia
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translation Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Melissa Orenduff
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translation Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Supriyo De
- Computational Biology and Genomics CoreNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kim Marie Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Susan B. Racette
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology & Butler Columbia Aging CenterColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translation Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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3
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Simmen FA, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM. Krüppel-like Factor-9 and Krüppel-like Factor-13: Highly Related, Multi-Functional, Transcriptional Repressors and Activators of Oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5667. [PMID: 38067370 PMCID: PMC10705314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Specificity Proteins/Krüppel-like Factors (SP/KLF family) are a conserved family of transcriptional regulators. These proteins share three highly conserved, contiguous zinc fingers in their carboxy-terminus, requisite for binding to cis elements in DNA. Each SP/KLF protein has unique primary sequence within its amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions, and it is these regions which interact with co-activators, co-repressors, and chromatin-modifying proteins to support the transcriptional activation and repression of target genes. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) and Krüppel-like Factor 13 (KLF13) are two of the smallest members of the SP/KLF family, are paralogous, emerged early in metazoan evolution, and are highly conserved. Paradoxically, while most similar in primary sequence, KLF9 and KLF13 display many distinct roles in target cells. In this article, we summarize the work that has identified the roles of KLF9 (and to a lesser degree KLF13) in tumor suppression or promotion via unique effects on differentiation, pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and tumor immune cell infiltration. We also highlight the great diversity of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNAs which provide mechanisms for the ubiquitous tumor-specific suppression of KLF9 mRNA and protein. Elucidation of KLF9 and KLF13 in cancer biology is likely to provide new inroads to the understanding of oncogenesis and its prevention and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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4
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Maulik M, Looschen K, Smith C, Johnson K, Carman AF, Nagisetty C, Corriveau K, Salisbury C, Deschepper K, Michels M, Henderson-Redmond AN, Morgan DJ, Mitra S. Postpartum scarcity-adversity inflicts sex-specific cerebellar adaptations and reward behaviors in adolescence. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 231:173620. [PMID: 37625522 PMCID: PMC10565883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity in the form of poor postnatal care is a major developmental stressor impacting behavior later in life. Previous studies have shown the impact of early life stress on neurobehavioral abnormalities. Specifically, research has demonstrated how limited bedding and nesting (LBN) materials can cause behavioral deficits in adulthood. There is, however, a limited understanding of how LBN influences sex-specific neurobehavioral adaptation in adolescence, a developmental stage susceptible to psychiatric diseases including substance use disorder. LBN and stress-naive c57BL/6 adolescent male and female mouse offspring were tested for a battery of behaviors including open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze, social preference, and morphine-induced conditioned place preference. There was a significant sex-specific deficit in social preference in male mice exposed to LBN compared to stress-naïve counterparts and both LBN males and females had a higher preference towards the drug-paired chamber in the morphine-induced conditioned place preference test. These behavioral deficits were concomitant with sex-specific increases in the transcription factor, Klf9 in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of males. Further, mRNA levels of the circadian gene Bmal1, which is known to be transcriptionally regulated by Klf9, were decreased in the DCN. Since Bmal1 has recently been implicated in extracellular matrix modulation, we examined perineuronal nets (PNN) and observed depleted PNN in the DCN of males but not female LBN mice. Overall, we provide a novel understanding of how postpartum adversity impinges on the cerebellar extracellular matrix homeostasis, likely, through disruption of the circadian axis by Klf9 that might underlie sex-specific behavioral adaptations in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Maulik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Kassandra Looschen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Colton Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Khyla Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Alaina F Carman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Cherishma Nagisetty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Katilyn Corriveau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Colin Salisbury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Kayla Deschepper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Madison Michels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Angela N Henderson-Redmond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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5
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Drepanos L, Gans IM, Grendler J, Guitar S, Fuqua JH, Maki NJ, Tilden AR, Graber JH, Coffman JA. Loss of Krüppel-like factor 9 deregulates both physiological gene expression and development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12239. [PMID: 37507475 PMCID: PMC10382561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that is a feedforward regulator of multiple stress-responsive and endocrine signaling pathways. We previously described how loss of Klf9 function affects the transcriptome of zebrafish larvae sampled at a single time point 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). However, klf9 expression oscillates diurnally, and the sampled time point corresponded to its expression nadir. To determine if the transcriptomic effects of the klf9-/- mutation vary with time of day, we performed bulk RNA-seq on 5 dpf zebrafish embryos sampled at three timepoints encompassing the predawn peak and midmorning nadir of klf9 expression. We found that while the major effects of the klf9-/- mutation that we reported previously are robust to time of day, the mutation has additional effects that manifest only at the predawn time point. We used a published single-cell atlas of zebrafish development to associate the effects of the klf9-/- mutation with different cell types and found that the mutation increased mRNA associated with digestive organs (liver, pancreas, and intestine) and decreased mRNA associated with differentiating neurons and blood. Measurements from confocally-imaged larvae suggest that overrepresentation of liver mRNA in klf9-/- mutants is due to development of enlarged livers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian M Gans
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James A Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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6
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Ávila-Mendoza J, Delgado-Rueda K, Urban-Sosa VA, Carranza M, Luna M, Martínez-Moreno CG, Arámburo C. KLF13 Regulates the Activity of the GH-Induced JAK/STAT Signaling by Targeting Genes Involved in the Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11187. [PMID: 37446365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) has emerged as an important transcription factor involved in essential processes of the central nervous system (CNS). It predominantly functions as a transcriptional repressor, impacting the activity of several signaling pathways with essential roles in the CNS, including the JAK/STAT pathway, which is the canonical mediator of growth hormone (GH) signaling. It is now recognized that GH has important actions as a neurotrophic factor. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of KLF13 on the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the hippocampus-derived cell line HT22. Results showed that KLF13 directly regulates the expression of several genes involved in the JAK-STAT pathway, including Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Socs1, by associating with their proximal gene promoters. In addition, it was found that in KLF13-deficient HT22 neurons, the expression of Jak1, Stat3, Socs1, Socs3, and Igf1 was dysregulated, exhibiting mRNA levels that went up to 7-fold higher than the control cell line. KLF13 displayed a differential effect on the GH-induced JAK/STAT pathway activity, decreasing the STAT3 branch while enhancing the STAT5 branch. In KLF13-deficient HT22 cells, the activity of the STAT3 branch was enhanced, mediating the GH-dependent augmented expression of the JAK/STAT output genes Socs1, Socs3, Igf1, and Bdnf. Furthermore, GH treatment increased both the nuclear content of KLF13 and Klf13 mRNA levels, suggesting that KLF13 could be part of the mechanisms that maintain the homeostatic state of this pathway. These findings support the notion that KLF13 is a regulator of JAK/STAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ávila-Mendoza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Karen Delgado-Rueda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Valeria A Urban-Sosa
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Martha Carranza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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7
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Ybañez WS, Bagamasbad PD. Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) links hormone dysregulation and circadian disruption to breast cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:33. [PMID: 36823570 PMCID: PMC9948451 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disruption is an emerging driver of breast cancer (BCa), with epidemiological studies linking shift work and chronic jet lag to increased BCa risk. Indeed, several clock genes participate in the gating of mitotic entry, regulation of DNA damage response, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, thus impacting BCa etiology. Dysregulated estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) and glucocorticoid (GC) signaling prevalent in BCa may further contribute to clock desynchrony by directly regulating the expression and cycling dynamics of genes comprising the local breast oscillator. In this study, we investigated the tumor suppressor gene, Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), as an important point of crosstalk between hormone signaling and the circadian molecular network, and further examine its functional role in BCa. METHODS Through meta-analysis of publicly available RNA- and ChIP-sequencing datasets from BCa tumor samples and cell lines, and gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR and enhancer- reporter assays, we elucidated the molecular mechanism behind the clock and hormone regulation of KLF9. Lentiviral knockdown and overexpression of KLF9 in three distinct breast epithelial cell lines (MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) was generated to demonstrate the role of KLF9 in orthogonal assays on breast epithelial survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. RESULTS We determined that KLF9 is a direct GC receptor target in mammary epithelial cells, and that induction is likely mediated through coordinate transcriptional activation from multiple GC-responsive enhancers in the KLF9 locus. More interestingly, rhythmic expression of KLF9 in MCF10A cells was abolished in the highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 line. In turn, forced expression of KLF9 altered the baseline and GC/E2-responsive expression of several clock genes, indicating that KLF9 may function as a regulator of the core clock machinery. Characterization of the role of KLF9 using complementary cancer hallmark assays in the context of the hormone-circadian axis revealed that KLF9 plays a tumor-suppressive role in BCa regardless of molecular subtype. KLF9 potentiated the anti-tumorigenic effects of GC in E2 receptor + luminal MCF7 cells, while it restrained GC-enhanced oncogenicity in triple-negative MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings support that dysregulation of KLF9 expression and oscillation in BCa impinges on circadian network dynamics, thus ultimately affecting the BCa oncogenic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weand S. Ybañez
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila 1101 Philippines
| | - Pia D. Bagamasbad
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila 1101 Philippines
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8
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Xu H, Liu F, Li Z, Li X, Liu Y, Li N, Zhang X, Gao Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zou J, Meng L, Liu S, Zhu H, Tang X, Wu H, Su K, Chen B, Yu D, Ye H, Chen H, Yi H, Yin S, Guan J, Shi Y. Genome-Wide Association Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Objective Sleep-related Traits Identifies Novel Risk Loci in Han Chinese Individuals. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1534-1545. [PMID: 35819321 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2044oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Previous genetic studies of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have limitations in terms of precise case definition, integrated quantitative traits, and interpretation of genetic functions; thus, the heritability of OSA remains poorly explained. Objectives: To identify novel genetic variants associated with OSA and objective sleep-related traits and to explore their functional roles. Methods: A genome-wide association study was performed in 20,590 Han Chinese individuals (5,438 OSA and 15,152 control samples). Human samples and point mutation knockin mice were used for follow-up investigation of gene functions. Measurements and Main Results: Two characteristic study-wide significant loci (P < 2.63 × 10-9) for OSA were identified: the PACRG intronic variant rs6455893 on 6q26 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.89; P = 6.98 × 10-10) and the missense variant rs3746804 (p.Pro267Leu) in the riboflavin transporter SLC52A3 on 20p13 (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88; P = 7.57 × 10-10). In addition, 18 genome-wide significant loci associated with quantitative OSA and objective sleep-related traits were identified, 5 of which exceeded the study-wide significance threshold. Rs3746804 was associated with elevated serum riboflavin concentrations, and the corresponding mutation in mice increased riboflavin concentrations, suggesting that this variant may facilitate riboflavin uptake and riboflavin-dependent physiological activity. Conclusions: We identified several novel genome-wide significant loci associated with OSA and objective sleep-related traits. Our findings provide insight into the genetic architecture of OSA and suggest that SLC52A3 might be a therapeutic target, whereas riboflavin might be a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & the Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; and.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Niannian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suru Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xulan Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Su
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongzhen Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & the Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; and.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and
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9
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Bernhardt C, Sock E, Fröb F, Hillgärtner S, Nemer M, Wegner M. KLF9 and KLF13 transcription factors boost myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes as partners of SOX10 and MYRF. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11509-11528. [PMID: 36318265 PMCID: PMC9723594 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated oligodendrocytes produce myelin and thereby ensure rapid nerve impulse conduction and efficient information processing in the vertebrate central nervous system. The Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF9 enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation in culture, but appears dispensable in vivo. Its mode of action and role within the oligodendroglial gene regulatory network are unclear. Here we show that KLF9 shares its expression in differentiating oligodendrocytes with the closely related KLF13 protein. Both KLF9 and KLF13 bind to regulatory regions of genes that are important for oligodendrocyte differentiation and equally recognized by the central differentiation promoting transcription factors SOX10 and MYRF. KLF9 and KLF13 physically interact and synergistically activate oligodendrocyte-specific regulatory regions with SOX10 and MYRF. Similar to KLF9, KLF13 promotes differentiation and myelination in primary oligodendroglial cultures. Oligodendrocyte differentiation is also altered in KLF13-deficient mice as demonstrated by a transiently reduced myelin gene expression during the first postnatal week. Considering mouse phenotypes, the similarities in expression pattern and genomic binding and the behaviour in functional assays, KLF9 and KLF13 are important and largely redundant components of the gene regulatory network in charge of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Bernhardt
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Hillgärtner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mona Nemer
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Wegner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 85 24620; Fax: +49 9131 85 22484;
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10
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Brown AR, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM, Melnyk SB, Heard-Lipsmeyer ME, Montales MTE, Habenicht D, Van TT, Simmen FA. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)-Promoting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071737. [PMID: 35406507 PMCID: PMC8996893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined, in mice, the effects of Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) knockout on: adiposity, hepatic and systemic oxidative stress, and hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory and NOX/DUOX family genes, in a high-fat diet (HFD) context. Male and female Klf9+/+ (wild type, WT) and Klf9-/- (knockout, KO) mice were fed HFD (beginning at age 35 days) for 12 weeks, after which liver and adipose tissues were obtained, and serum adiponectin and leptin levels, liver fat content, and markers of oxidative stress evaluated. Klf9-/- mice of either sex did not exhibit significant alterations in weight gain, adipocyte size, adipokine levels, or liver fat content when compared to WT counterparts. However, Klf9-/- mice of both sexes had increased liver weight/size (hepatomegaly). This was accompanied by increased hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by decreased GSH/GSSG ratio and increased homocysteine, 3-nitrotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 4HNE content. Decreased GSH to GSSG ratio and a trend toward increased homocysteine levels were observed in the corresponding Klf9-/- mouse serum. Gene expression analysis showed a heightened pro-inflammatory state in livers from Klf9-/- mice. KLF9 suppresses hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, thus identifying potential mechanisms for KLF9 suppression of HCC and perhaps cancers of other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Brown
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stepan B. Melnyk
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Melissa E. Heard-Lipsmeyer
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Maria Theresa E. Montales
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Daniel Habenicht
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Trang T. Van
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
| | - Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.R.B.); (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.); (M.E.H.-L.); (M.T.E.M.); (D.H.); (T.T.V.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-8128
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11
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Gans IM, Coffman JA. Glucocorticoid-Mediated Developmental Programming of Vertebrate Stress Responsivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:812195. [PMID: 34992551 PMCID: PMC8724051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, vertebrate steroid hormones produced by cells of the adrenal cortex or interrenal tissue, function dynamically to maintain homeostasis under constantly changing and occasionally stressful environmental conditions. They do so by binding and thereby activating nuclear receptor transcription factors, the Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors (MR and GR, respectively). The GR, by virtue of its lower affinity for endogenous glucocorticoids (cortisol or corticosterone), is primarily responsible for transducing the dynamic signals conveyed by circadian and ultradian glucocorticoid oscillations as well as transient pulses produced in response to acute stress. These dynamics are important determinants of stress responsivity, and at the systemic level are produced by feedforward and feedback signaling along the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis. Within receiving cells, GR signaling dynamics are controlled by the GR target gene and negative feedback regulator fkpb5. Chronic stress can alter signaling dynamics via imperfect physiological adaptation that changes systemic and/or cellular set points, resulting in chronically elevated cortisol levels and increased allostatic load, which undermines health and promotes development of disease. When this occurs during early development it can "program" the responsivity of the stress system, with persistent effects on allostatic load and disease susceptibility. An important question concerns the glucocorticoid-responsive gene regulatory network that contributes to such programming. Recent studies show that klf9, a ubiquitously expressed GR target gene that encodes a Krüppel-like transcription factor important for metabolic plasticity and neuronal differentiation, is a feedforward regulator of GR signaling impacting cellular glucocorticoid responsivity, suggesting that it may be a critical node in that regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Gans
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - James A. Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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12
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Knoedler JR, Sáenz de Miera C, Subramani A, Denver RJ. An Intact Krüppel-like factor 9 Gene Is Required for Acute Liver Period 1 mRNA Response to Restraint Stress. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6255381. [PMID: 33904929 PMCID: PMC8312639 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clock protein period 1 (PER1) is a central component of the core transcription-translation feedback loop governing cell-autonomous circadian rhythms in animals. Transcription of Per1 is directly regulated by the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR), and Per1 mRNA is induced by stressors or injection of GC. Circulating GCs may synchronize peripheral clocks with the central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is a zinc finger transcription factor that, like Per1, is directly regulated by liganded GR, and it associates in chromatin at clock and clock-output genes, including at Per1. We hypothesized that KLF9 modulates stressor-dependent Per1 transcription. We exposed wild-type (WT) and Klf9 null mice (Klf9-/-) of both sexes to 1 hour restraint stress, which caused similar 2- to 2.5-fold increases in plasma corticosterone (B) in each genotype and sex. Although WT mice of both sexes showed a 2-fold increase in liver Per1 mRNA level after restraint stress, this response was absent in Klf9-/- mice. However, injection of B in WT and Klf9-/- mice induced similar increases in Per1 mRNA. Our findings support that an intact Klf9 gene is required for liver Per1 mRNA responses to an acute stressor, but a possible role for GCs in this response requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Knoedler
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2215, USA
- Current Affiliation: J. R. Knoedler’s current affiliation is the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cristina Sáenz de Miera
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1085, USA
- Current Affiliation: C. Sáenz de Miera’s current affiliation is the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Arasakumar Subramani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1085, USA
| | - Robert J Denver
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2215, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1085, USA
- Correspondence: Robert J. Denver, PhD, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, 1105 North University Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA.
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13
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Ávila-Mendoza J, Subramani A, Denver RJ. Krüppel-Like Factors 9 and 13 Block Axon Growth by Transcriptional Repression of Key Components of the cAMP Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:602638. [PMID: 33281552 PMCID: PMC7689098 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.602638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are zinc finger transcription factors implicated in diverse biological processes, including differentiation of neural cells. The ability of mammalian neurons to elongate axons decreases during postnatal development in parallel with a decrease in cAMP, and increase in expression of several Klf genes. The paralogous KLFs 9 and 13 inhibit neurite outgrowth, and we hypothesized that their actions are mediated through repression of cAMP signaling. To test this we used the adult mouse hippocampus-derived cell line HT22 engineered to control expression of Klf9 or Klf13 with doxycycline, or made deficient for these Klfs by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. We also used primary hippocampal cells isolated from wild type, Klf9–/– and Klf13–/– mice. Forced expression of Klf9 or Klf13 in HT22 changed the mRNA levels of several genes involved with cAMP signaling; the predominant action was gene repression, and KLF13 influenced ∼4 times more genes than KLF9. KLF9 and KLF13 repressed promoter activity of the protein kinase a catalytic subunit alpha gene in transfection-reporter assays; KLF13, but not KLF9 repressed the calmodulin 3 promoter. Forskolin activation of a cAMP-dependent promoter was reduced after forced expression of Klf9 or Klf13, but was enhanced in Klf gene knockout cells. Forced expression of Klf9 or Klf13 blocked cAMP-dependent neurite outgrowth in HT22 cells, and axon growth in primary hippocampal neurons, while Klf gene knockout enhanced the effect of elevated cAMP. Taken together, our findings show that KLF9 and KLF13 inhibit neurite/axon growth in hippocampal neurons, in part, by inhibiting the cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ávila-Mendoza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Arasakumar Subramani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert J Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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14
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Ávila-Mendoza J, Subramani A, Sifuentes CJ, Denver RJ. Molecular Mechanisms for Krüppel-Like Factor 13 Actions in Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3785-3802. [PMID: 32578009 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) play key roles in nervous system development and function. Several KLFs are known to promote, and then maintain neural cell differentiation. Our previous work focused on the actions of KLF9 in mouse hippocampal neurons. Here we investigated genomic targets and functions of KLF9's paralog KLF13, with the goal of understanding how these two closely related transcription factors influence hippocampal cell function, proliferation, survival, and regeneration. We engineered the adult mouse hippocampus-derived cell line HT22 to control Klf13 expression with doxycycline. We also generated HT22 Klf13 knock out cells, and we analyzed primary hippocampal cells from wild type and Klf13-/- mice. RNA sequencing showed that KLF13, like KLF9, acts predominantly as a transcriptional repressor in hippocampal neurons and can regulate other Klf genes. Pathway analysis revealed that genes regulated by KLF13 are involved in cell cycle, cell survival, cytoarchitecture regulation, among others. Chromatin-streptavidin sequencing conducted on chromatin isolated from HT22 cells expressing biotinylated KLF13 identified 9506 genomic targets; 79% were located within 1-kb upstream of transcription start sites. Transfection-reporter assays confirmed that KLF13 can directly regulate transcriptional activity of its target genes. Comparison of the target genes of KLF9 and KLF13 found that they share some functions that were likely present in their common ancestor, but they have also acquired distinct functions during evolution. Flow cytometry showed that KLF13 promotes cell cycle progression, and it protects cells from glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage. Taken together, our findings establish novel roles and molecular mechanisms for KLF13 actions in mammalian hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ávila-Mendoza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arasakumar Subramani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher J Sifuentes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Takara Bio USA Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
| | - Robert J Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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