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张 建, 刘 子, 钟 倬, 彭 晓, 杨 圣, 冯 硕, 姬 辛, 杨 健. [Clinical features of children with febrile seizures caused by Omicron variant infection]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:595-599. [PMID: 37382128 PMCID: PMC10321419 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2303123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the clinical features of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from December 1 to 31, 2022 (during the epidemic of Omicron variant; Omicron group), and the children with febrile seizures (without Omicron variant infection) who were admitted from December 1 to 31, in 2021 were included as the non-Omicron group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were 381 children in the Omicron group (250 boys and 131 girls), with a mean age of (3.2±2.4) years. There were 112 children in the non-Omicron group (72 boys and 40 girls), with a mean age of (3.5±1.8) years. The number of children in the Omicron group was 3.4 times that in the non-Omicron group. The proportion of children in two age groups, aged 1 to <2 years and 6-10.83 years, in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non-Omicron group, while the proportion of children in two age groups, aged 4 to <5 years and 5 to <6 years, was lower in the Omicron group than that in the non-Omicron group (P<0.05).The Omicron group had a significantly higher proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion than the non-Omicron group (P<0.05). Among the children with recurrence of febrile seizures, the proportion of children aged 6-10.83 years in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non-Omicron group, while the proportion of children aged 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years in the Omicron group was lower than that in the non-Omicron group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection tend to have a wider age range, with an increase in the proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion during the course of fever.
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Țieranu ML, Dragoescu NA, Zorilă GL, Istrate-Ofițeru AM, Rămescu C, Berbecaru EIA, Drăguşin RC, Nagy RD, Căpitănescu RG, Iliescu DG. Addressing Chronic Gynecological Diseases in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040802. [PMID: 37109760 PMCID: PMC10145652 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on healthcare systems worldwide. Since the actual influence of the pandemic on gynecological care is still unclear, we aim to evaluate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on gynecological procedures compared to the pre-pandemic period in Romania. Materials and Methods: this is a single-center retrospective observational study, involving patients hospitalized in the year before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (PP), in the first year of the pandemic (P1), and in the second year of the pandemic until February 2022 (P2). The percentages of interventions were analyzed globally but also according to the type of surgery applied on the female genital organs. Results: during pandemic, the number of gynecological surgeries dropped considerably, by more than 50% in some cases, or even decreased by up to 100%, having a major impact on women's health, especially in the first year of the pandemic (P1), before slightly increasing in the post-vaccination period (PV). Surgically treated cancer cases dropped by over 80% during the pandemic, and the consequences of this will be seen in the future. Conclusions: the COVID-19 pandemic played an important part in gynecological care management in the Romanian public health care system, and the effect will have to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Loredana Țieranu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 20039 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Alice Dragoescu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - George-Lucian Zorilă
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Maria Istrate-Ofițeru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Research Centre for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cătălina Rămescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Elena-Iuliana-Anamaria Berbecaru
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 20039 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Roxana Cristina Drăguşin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Rodica Daniela Nagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Răzvan Grigoraș Căpitănescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dominic-Gabriel Iliescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Joung J, Yang H, Choi YJ, Lee J, Ko Y. The Impact of Omicron Wave on Pediatric Febrile Seizure. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e18. [PMID: 36647218 PMCID: PMC9842486 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) omicron (B.1.1.529) variant reduced the risk of severe disease compared with the original strain and other variants, but it appeared to be highly infectious, which resulted in an exponential increase in confirmed cases in South Korea. As the number of confirmed cases increased, so did the number of pediatric patients' hospitalization. This study aims to evaluate the frequency and clinical features of febrile seizure associated with the COVID-19 omicron variant in children. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged under 18 years with febrile seizure who were tested for COVID-19 from February 2020 to April 2022 at Ajou University Hospital, South Korea. Based on the dominant variants, we divided the period into the pre-omicron (from February 2020 to December 2021) and omicron periods (from January 2022 to April 2022) and compared the clinical characteristics between the two. Also, we compared the clinical characteristics of febrile seizure between COVID-19 positive and negative group during the omicron period. RESULTS Among the 308 children, 211 patients (9.2 patients/months) and 97 patients (24.3 patients/months) were grouped into pre-omicron and omicron periods, respectively. Compared with the pre-omicron period, patients in the omicron period showed significantly higher mean age (pre-omicron vs. omicron, 22.0 vs. 28.0 months; P = 0.004) and COVID-19 positive results (pre-omicron vs. omicron, 0.5% vs. 62.9%; P < 0.001). As the COVID-19 confirmed cases in the omicron period increased, the number of COVID-19 associated febrile seizure also increased. In the omicron period, 61 children were confirmed to be positive for COVID-19, and COVID-19 positive group showed statistically significant higher mean age (positive vs. negative, 33.0 vs. 23.0 months; P = 0.003) and peak body temperature than the negative group (positive vs. negative, 39.1°C vs. 38.6°C; P = 0.030). Despite the lack of significance, COVID-19 positive group showed longer seizure time, multiple seizure episodes, and higher prevalence of complex febrile seizure. CONCLUSION The frequency of COVID-19 associated febrile seizure increased in the omicron periods. In addition, in this period, children with febrile seizure diagnosed with COVID-19 had a higher mean age and higher peak body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Joung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Heewon Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jisook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yura Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Coronavirus Infection in Neonates: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18 Months of Age. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:6140085. [PMID: 36632169 PMCID: PMC9829449 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6140085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Although most neonates with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection experience only mild disease, its impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to assess the 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants who had SARS-CoV-2 infection as neonates. Methods The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of neonates diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection from June 2020 to December 2020 through nasopharyngeal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 58 neonates were identified from the Kuwait National COVID-19 Registry and enrolled. Historical controls were selected from the neonatal follow-up registry and matched in a 2 : 1 ratio based on sex and gestational age. When the subjects were 18 months of age, their neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed by two trained assessors using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd Edition (BSID-III). Results Forty children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the final analysis. The median age at infection was 18 days (range: 10-26 days). Eighteen (45%) patients were asymptomatic, 15 (37.5%) had a sepsis-like presentation, 5 (12.5%) exhibited respiratory distress, and 2 (5%) had a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)-like presentation. At the 18 months follow-up, only one child showed a severe developmental delay and one child had a language delay. BSID-III outcomes did not differ significantly between the SARS-CoV-2-infected and control groups. Conclusions There was no difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls, although longer neurodevelopmental follow-up studies are required.
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Amin UA, Parveen AP. Impact of COVID-19 on children. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9668239 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 global pandemic has spread throughout the world, posing an extremely dangerous health risk for almost everyone. While dealing with such a large-scale viral disease, the healthcare infrastructure is under strain. Young adults who were thought to have been clinically affected fared better than their older counterparts. This pandemic has affected millions of children, especially those from low-economic backgrounds, who are otherwise highly susceptible and underprivileged. Children of frontline workers and single parents face particular challenges. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are more vulnerable to infection and may experience long-lasting negative effects of the pandemic, such as child labor, child trafficking, child marriage, sexual exploitation, and even death. To lessen the psychological negative effects of COVID-19 on children and adolescents, parents, physicians, psychologists, social workers, and hospital administrators, government and non-governmental organizations have essential responsibilities to play. Priority one is to ensure that all children from all socioeconomic strata have access to the necessities of life, including social security, health care, and education. Moreover, some positive changes may result from the global crisis. This research paper discusses the potential consequences of this pandemic. Summary Some of the hypotheses being investigated while looking at the low case fatality rate among pediatric age groups include the peak of immunity and differences in immune system response. The vulnerability of the comorbid pediatric age group, on the other hand, is comparable to that of their older counterparts. During the severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome outbreaks, similar results were observed. The inoculation of a mother during pregnancy was found to be effective in protecting her progeny. Results This is a review article, thus not applicable. Conclusions Children are quite discouraged when school is abruptly stopped, when planned outings are canceled, when they are confined to the house, and when they are afraid of the unknown with regard to the continuing epidemic. Even though almost all studies suggest that COVID-19 has a relatively mild clinical manifestation in children, one must be cautious due to the novel coronavirus’s rapid mutation rate. More research is needed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 and pediatric age groups.
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Crowder F, Ebbert M, Neeley B, Mains N, McGuire S. Acute COVID-19 Presenting as Neurological Disease in a Pediatric Patient. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2022; 62:372-375. [PMID: 36171714 PMCID: PMC10102818 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221124667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Ebbert
- Department of Neurology, WVU Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brandon Neeley
- Department of Neurology, WVU Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nicholas Mains
- Department of Pediatrics, WVU Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sara McGuire
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, WVU Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Mapping of Pediatric COVID-19 Cases in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties: an Analysis of Sociodemographic Disparities. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022:10.1007/s40615-022-01362-y. [PMID: 35802253 PMCID: PMC9266088 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown a disproportionate impact of COVID-19 infection on Black and Hispanic Americans in the adult patient population. However, few studies have been done with pediatric populations. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and distribution of COVID-19 cases among pediatric patients in Miami-Dade and Broward counties and identify any sociodemographic disparities. Methods A total of 10,087 children/adolescents ages zero years-old to 20 years-old were tested from July 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. ArcGIS was used to map cases and obtain sociodemographic data. SPSS software was used to determine significance of data trends and create a predictive model. Results There were 1,161 pediatric COVID-19 cases detected. White Hispanics and Black Hispanics had statically significantly higher cases when compared to White non-Hispanics and Black non-Hispanics. Percentage of households on food stamps, percentage of households below the poverty line, percentage of minority populations, and percentage of Hispanic population showed a positive correlation with detected pediatric COVID-19 cases. Alternatively, areas with higher median household incomes and higher educational status were negatively correlated with COVID-19. Percentage of Hispanic population and percentage of households below the poverty line were predictive of pediatric COVID-19 cases. Conclusion There was a disproportionate impact of pediatric COVID-19 infection on zip codes of lower socioeconomic status and increased racial/ethnic minority populations. This study demonstrates the need for public health policies that prioritize testing children/adolescents in these communities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-022-01362-y.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be associated with febrile seizures, but the overall frequency and outcomes are unknown. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the frequency of pediatric subjects diagnosed with febrile seizures and COVID-19, (2) evaluate patient characteristics, and (3) describe the treatments (medications and need for invasive mechanical ventilation) applied. METHODS This was a retrospective study utilizing TriNetX electronic health record data. We included subjects ranging from 0 to 5 years of age with a diagnosis of febrile seizures (R56.00, R56.01) and COVID-19 (U07.1). We extracted the following data: age, race, ethnicity, diagnostic codes, medications, laboratory results, and procedures. RESULTS During this study period, 8854 pediatric subjects aged 0-5 years were diagnosed with COVID-19 among 34 health care organizations and 44 (0.5%) were also diagnosed with febrile seizures (simple, 30 [68.2%]; complex, 14 [31.8%]). The median age was 1.5 years (1, 2), there were no reported epilepsy diagnoses, and a proportion required hospitalization (11; 25.0%) and critical care services (4; 9.1%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 infections in children can be associated with febrile seizures. In our study, 0.5% of COVID-19 subjects were diagnosed with febrile seizures and approximately 9% of subjects were reported to require critical care services. Febrile seizures, although serious, are not a commonly diagnosed neurologic manifestation of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiah Cadet
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA,Katsiah Cadet, BS, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
| | - Jessica Boegner
- Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gary D. Ceneviva
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neal J. Thomas
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Conrad Krawiec
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
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Kanou S, Wardeh L, Govindarajan S, Macnay K. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) associated with COVID-19 infection that resolved without treatment in a child. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:15/3/e245455. [PMID: 35272988 PMCID: PMC8915271 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old boy presented with unbalanced gait, back pain and lower limb weakness. His physical examination revealed almost absent lower limbs reflexes and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) showed albuminocytologic dissociation. The brain and spine MRI with contrast illustrated abnormal enhancement—suggestive of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The case had limited distribution and it did not progress beyond the presenting clinical involvements. They did not need immunotherapy, self-recovered, managed conservatively using painkillers and gabapentin along with physiotherapy—with a wait and see approach. The child is now almost back to normal after 8–12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kanou
- Children's Ward, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lama Wardeh
- Children's Ward, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kayleigh Macnay
- Children's Ward, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Riva A, Piccolo G, Balletti F, Binelli M, Brolatti N, Verrotti A, Amadori E, Spalice A, Giacomini T, Mancardi MM, Iannetti P, Vari MS, Piccotti E, Striano P, Brisca G. Acute Neurological Presentation in Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:909849. [PMID: 35899136 PMCID: PMC9309333 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.909849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pediatric population, the knowledge of the acute presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection is mainly limited to small series and case reports, particularly when dealing with neurological symptoms. We describe a large cohort of children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on the neurological manifestations and investigating correlations between disease severity and population demographics. METHODS Patients aged 0-18 years with a positive molecular swab were recruited between April 2020 and March 2021 from a tertiary Italian pediatric centre. Clinical data, imaging, and laboratory test results were retrieved from our local dataset and statistically analyzed. RESULTS A total of 237 patients with a median age of 3.2 years were eligible; thirty-two (13.5%) presented with neurological symptoms, including headache (65.6%), altered awareness (18.8%), ageusia/anosmia (12.5%), seizures (6.3%), and vertigo (6.3%), combined in 7 (21.9%) cases. Respiratory (59.5%) and gastrointestinal (25.3%) symptoms were the most common among the 205 (86.5%) patients without neurological involvement. Neurological symptoms did not significantly influence the severity of the triage access codes. Moreover, pre-existing medical conditions were not higher in the group with neurological manifestations. Overall, fifty-nine patients (25%, 14/59 with neurological symptoms) required treatment, being antibiotics, systemic steroids, and heparin those most prescribed. CONCLUSION Our study supports the overall benign course of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Neurological manifestations, except for headache, remain a rare presenting symptom, and disease severity seems unrelated to pre-existing medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piccolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Balletti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Binelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Noemi Brolatti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Amadori
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Division, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Thea Giacomini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Iannetti
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Piccotti
- Pediatric Emergency Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Brisca
- Subintensive Care Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Santos ADORD, Lucarevschi BR, Bajerl MH, Pires LDO, Ubriaco DC, Nascimento LFC. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents: a Brazilian experience. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2022; 40:e2021172. [PMID: 35544908 PMCID: PMC9095058 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2021172in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of children and adolescents infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in the Municipality of Taubaté, SP, from March to November 2020. Methods: Cross-sectional study with secondary data obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance System about confirmed cases in city residents and from medical records of patients who were treated in hospitals in Taubaté, aged between 0 and 19 years. Chi-square and Student’s t tests were used for comparisons. Results: 677 cases in the studied age range were reported during the study period, corresponding to 10.1% of cases reported in the municipality. The rapid antibody test was the most used to confirm infection, followed by RT-PCR and serology. Symptoms were described in 57.7% of the cases, mainly fever and cough. Diarrhea was associated with age below 4 years, while fever, cough, headache, odynophagia, ageusia, anosmia, myalgia, and dyspnea were associated with an age ranging from 10 to 19 years. In the study period, there were no deaths from COVID-19 of residents of the municipality in the age group from 0 to 19 years. Conclusions: The study was able to identify the proportion of involvement of COVID-19 in children and adolescents in the city, and the disease had a mild evolution. The main symptoms were fever and cough, but mainly diarrhea in younger children, and headache, odynophagia, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia in adolescents.
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Sabetkish N, Rahmani A. The overall impact of COVID-19 on healthcare during the pandemic: A multidisciplinary point of view. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e386. [PMID: 34622020 PMCID: PMC8485600 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic globally changed the priorities of medical and surgical procedures. It has caused many healthcare systems to stop performing their routine screenings. Altering medical clinics to COVID-19 referral centers, lockdowns, and the public fear to refer to medical centers caused a significant reduction in the referral rate; especially in the elderly. This short review article highlights the transform in clinical practice during the post-COVID era and the need for future medical revolutions. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was separately performed by both authors. The articles published between 2019 and August 2021 were included in this study and selected according to a quality appraisal method. RESULTS We have summarized the possible corresponding changes in the diagnosis and treatment of all fields of medical care including internal medicine, surgical, and minor subcategories after the COVID-19 pandemic. We have also discussed the potential impacts of the pandemic on all these different categories and subcategories of medicine, including the outpatient setting and clinical work. We do believe that the lack of routine check-ups has led to an increase in the stage of disease in patients with a previously diagnosed problem. On the other hand, the dramatic change in the lifestyle of the population including restricted mobility and increased consumption of unhealthy food has caused metabolic syndrome and other new diseases that have not been diagnosed and properly managed. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the urgent need for public health awareness. It indicated the need to carry out both psychological and screening approaches in the post-COVID era to not miss patients with a chronic disease and new cases who were undiagnosed during the COVID pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Sabetkish
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- ImmunologyAsthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular DiseaseInstitute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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13
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Mauritz M, Trinka E. Akut symptomatische epileptische Anfälle in Assoziation mit COVID-19. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR EPILEPTOLOGIE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8482359 DOI: 10.1007/s10309-021-00443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Akut symptomatische epileptische Anfälle treten in einem engen zeitlichen Zusammenhang zu einer akuten strukturellen oder funktionellen Schädigung des Gehirns auf, die viele verschiedene Ursachen haben kann. Neurologische Symptome wie Enzephalopathie, Geruchsstörung und Kopfschmerzen finden sich häufig bei COVID-19. Epileptische Anfälle ereignen sich nur in 1–2 % aller mit COVID-19 hospitalisierten Patient*innen. Eine mögliche direkte Invasion des ZNS durch SARS-CoV‑2 sowie indirekte Effekte durch Hypoxie, Inflammation und metabolische Entgleisungen werden als Ursache für die neurologischen Manifestationen bei COVID-19 angenommen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mauritz
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität und Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Ignaz-Harrer-Str. 79, 5020 Salzburg, Österreich
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität und Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität und Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Ignaz-Harrer-Str. 79, 5020 Salzburg, Österreich
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT – University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Österreich
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität und Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Österreich
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14
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Salman H, Aslan N, Akçam M, Arslan M, Akkuzu E, Yılmaz Keskin E, Açarı C, Keskin M, Atar M, Köşker M, Sinanoğlu S, Çetin H, Akçam FZ. COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: Experiences of three centres in Turkey. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 32:460-466. [PMID: 34910197 PMCID: PMC8499971 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has not yet been fully elucidated and there is no clear consensus on its treatment yet. OBJECTIVES To evaluate our patients diagnosed with MIS-C and present them to the literature in order to contribute to the better understanding of this new disease, which entered paediatric practice with the SARS-CoV-2 peak. METHODS In this study, 17 MIS-C cases diagnosed according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria were included. RESULTS Of the patients, 7 (41.2%) had a comorbidity. Gastrointestinal system involvement was the most prominent in the patients (70.6%). Laparotomy was performed in 3 patients due to acute abdomen. Two patients had neurological involvement. Of the patients, 15 (88.2%) received intravenous immunoglobulin and 13 (76.5%) received both intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. Two patients received invasive mechanical ventilation and 4 patients received high flow rate nasal cannula oxygen therapy. One of our patients who needed invasive mechanical ventilation and high vasoactive-inotrope support died despite all supportive treatments including plasmapheresis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS MIS-C picture can have a fatal course and may present with severe gastrointestinal and neurological signs. Unnecessary laparotomy should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Salman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nagehan Aslan
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akçam
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Müjgan Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Emine Akkuzu
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Isparta State Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yılmaz Keskin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Açarı
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Keskin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Müge Atar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Köşker
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Sinanoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Çetin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Füsun Zeynep Akçam
- Medical School, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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15
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the world in 2020, affecting both adults and, to a lesser extent, children. In this article, the authors describe the neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 in children, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment options. The management of patients with concomitant neuroimmunologic disorders and drug interactions between medications used to treat COVID-19 and other neurologic disorders (especially immune-modifying drugs) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Govil-Dalela
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan Specialty Center, 2nd Floor, 3950 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Lalitha Sivaswamy
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan Specialty Center, 2nd Floor, 3950 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Pleasant, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Central Michigan University, Pleasant, MI, USA.
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16
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Kazemi SN, Hajikhani B, Didar H, Hosseini SS, Haddadi S, Khalili F, Mirsaeidi M, Nasiri MJ. COVID-19 and cause of pregnancy loss during the pandemic: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255994. [PMID: 34379700 PMCID: PMC8357105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and abortion has been debated since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to conduct this systematic review to understand better the potential effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on fetal loss in infected mothers presented with abortion following this infection. Methods We included articles published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and Embase databases in 2019 and 2020 through a comprehensive search via appropriate keywords, including COVID-19 and abortion synonyms. All studies with the abortion data in COVID-19 confirmed pregnant females were collected. Results Out of 208 potentially relevant articles, 11 articles were eligible to include in the systematic review. The included reports were published because of the following reasons: (1) First-trimester miscarriage; (2) Late miscarriage; (3) complication of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy; (4) COVID-19 disease in artificial pregnancy. First-trimester abortion was found in 5 studies, and second-trimester abortion in 7 studies. Two patients acquired infection during the hospital stay while they were referred for abortion. Reports related to abortion in pregnant females with COVID-19 show that most miscarriages due to COVID-19 in the first trimester were due to placental insufficiency. Conclusions There is an increased risk of abortion in mothers with a positive test result of SARS-CoV-2, which several case reports and case series have identified during the pandemic. Placental inflammation during the viral infection may result in fetal growth retardation and induce abortion. There has not been any consistent evidence of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedeh Neda Kazemi
- Preventive Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (SNK); (MJN)
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Didar
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Haddadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Farima Khalili
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (SNK); (MJN)
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17
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Mastrangelo M, Baglioni V. Management of Neurological Emergencies in Children: An Updated Overview. Neuropediatrics 2021; 52:242-251. [PMID: 34192789 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurological emergencies account for about one-third of the highest severity codes attributed in emergency pediatric departments. About 75% of children with acute neurological symptoms presents with seizures, headache, or other paroxysmal events. Life-threatening conditions involve a minor proportion of patients (e.g., less than 15% of children with headache and less than 5% of children with febrile seizures). This review highlights updated insights about clinical features, diagnostic workup, and therapeutic management of pediatric neurological emergencies. Particularly, details will be provided about the most recent insights about headache, febrile seizures, status epilepticus, altered levels of consciousness, acute motor impairment, acute movement disorders, and functional disorders, as well as the role of diagnostic tools (e.g., neuroimaging, lumbar puncture, and electroencephalography), in the emergency setting. Moreover, the impact of the current novel coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the evaluation of pediatric neurologic emergencies will also be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mastrangelo
- Child Neurology and Infantile Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baglioni
- Child Neurology and Infantile Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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18
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McLendon LA, Rao CK, Da Hora CC, Islamovic F, Galan FN. Post-COVID-19 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a 17-Month-Old. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-049678. [PMID: 33762311 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurologic manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pediatric patients have been reported in the acute and postinfectious stages of coronavirus disease 2019. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) typically presents in children after a viral illness at a mean age of 3 to 7 years. A total of 60% to 90% of literature-reported pediatric patients with ADEM have minimal to no neurologic deficits at long-term follow-up. We present a 17-month-old developmentally typical girl with parental complaints of irritability, upper extremity weakness, and gait disturbance. She presented to the hospital afebrile and irritable with right-sided nasolabial fold flattening, neck stiffness, left upper extremity rigidity, right upper extremity paresis, bilateral lower extremity hyperreflexia, and truncal ataxia. During her hospital course, she became somnolent with autonomic instability and was transferred to intensive care. Contrasted brain MRI revealed diffuse patchy T2 hyperintensities without contrast enhancement. Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction and serum antibody testing results were positive. Cerebral spinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Respiratory viral panel and autoimmune encephalitis and demyelinating disorders panel results were negative. She was started on high-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, with improvement in mental status, focal deficits, and ambulation. After hospital discharge, she received inpatient rehabilitation for 2 weeks and at 2 month follow-up had a full neurologic recovery. We report the youngest case of postinfectious ADEM due to SARS-CoV-2 in a toddler. Early recognition of autoimmune and inflammatory complications of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for early aggressive immunomodulatory treatment and, consequently, improved morbidity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren A McLendon
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Children Specialty Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | - Chethan K Rao
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Children Specialty Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | - Cintia Carla Da Hora
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine - Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Florinda Islamovic
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine - Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Fernando N Galan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nemours Children Specialty Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and
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19
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Manzo ML, Galati C, Gallo C, Santangelo G, Marino A, Guccione F, Pitino R, Raieli V. ADEM post-Sars-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric patient with Fisher-Evans syndrome. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4293-4296. [PMID: 33982145 PMCID: PMC8115868 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sars-CoV-2 is a single-strained RNA virus belonging to Coronaviridae’s family. In pediatric age, the majority of patients is asymptomatic; however, several neurological manifestations associated with Sars-CoV-2 infection have been detected in a percentage of cases ranging from 17.3 to 36.4%. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) has been recently included among the potential complications of Sars-Cov2 infection. The available data regarding pediatric patient show only one case. Case report We present a case regarding a 6-year-old patient suffering from Fisher-Evans syndrome who was given sirolimus and thalidomide therapy. After 10 days since the first positive nasopharyngeal swab for Sars-CoV-2, in which he had no symptoms, he presented an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure with spontaneous resolution. The patient underwent MRI which showed the typical picture of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. His clinical course was favorable, with a good response to cortisone therapy and a progressive improvement of the neuroradiological and electroencephalographic picture. Conclusions According to our knowledge, this is the second case of an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric patient, characterized by monosymptomatic onset, in which the immunosuppressive therapy practiced for the Fisher-Evans syndrome has probably contributed to a favorable evolution of ADEM, in contrast to other case described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Manzo
- Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Palermo, Piazzale delle Cliniche, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cristina Galati
- Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Palermo, Piazzale delle Cliniche, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Gallo
- U.O.C Neuroradiology ARNAS Civico, Piazzale Nicola Leotta 4, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santangelo
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ISMEP-P.O. Cristina-ARNAS Civico, Via Dei Benedettini 1, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Marino
- Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Palermo, Piazzale delle Cliniche, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Guccione
- Child Neuropsychiatry School, University of Palermo, Piazzale delle Cliniche, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata Pitino
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ISMEP-P.O. Cristina-ARNAS Civico, Via Dei Benedettini 1, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Raieli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ISMEP-P.O. Cristina-ARNAS Civico, Via Dei Benedettini 1, 90100, Palermo, Italy
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20
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Jiang XY, Zhou WH. [Influence of coronavirus disease 2019 on the nervous system of children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:530-535. [PMID: 34020746 PMCID: PMC8140346 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2012115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic and can occur at any age, including children. Children with COVID-19 can develop the clinical symptoms of multiple systems, among which symptoms of the nervous system have been reported increasingly, and thus it is particularly important to understand COVID-19-associated neurological damage in children. This article reviews the mechanisms and types of COVID-19-associated neurological damage in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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21
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Kim Y, Walser SA, Asghar SJ, Jain R, Mainali G, Kumar A. A Comprehensive Review of Neurologic Manifestations of COVID-19 and Management of Pre-existing Neurologic Disorders in Children. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:324-330. [PMID: 33112694 PMCID: PMC7859660 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820968995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the first reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection from China, multiple studies have been published regarding the epidemiologic aspects of COVID-19 including clinical manifestations and outcomes. The majority of these studies have focused on respiratory complications. However, recent findings have highlighted the systemic effects of the virus, including its potential impact on the nervous system. Similar to SARS-CoV-1, cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the expression of ACE2, a receptor that is abundantly expressed in the nervous system. Neurologic manifestations in adults include cerebrovascular insults, encephalitis or encephalopathy, and neuromuscular disorders. However, the presence of these neurologic findings in the pediatric population is unclear. In this review, the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, known neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 in children, and management of preexisting pediatric neurologic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsung Kim
- Penn State College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Sheila J. Asghar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health,
Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Penn State Health Milton Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gayatra Mainali
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Penn State Health Milton Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Penn State Health Milton Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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22
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COVID-19: Neurological Considerations in Neonates and Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7090133. [PMID: 32927628 PMCID: PMC7552690 DOI: 10.3390/children7090133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing worldwide pandemic of the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease, COVID-19, has presented enormous and unprecedented challenges for all medical specialists. However, to date, children, especially neonates, have been relatively spared from the devastating consequences of this infection. Neurologic involvement is being increasingly recognized among adults with COVID-19, who can develop sensory deficits in smell and taste, delirium, encephalopathy, headaches, strokes, and peripheral nervous system disorders. Among neonates and children, COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations have been relatively rare, yet reports involving neurologic dysfunction in this age range are increasing. As discussed in this review, pediatric neurologists and other pediatric specialists should be alert to potential neurological involvement by this virus, which might have neuroinvasive capability and carry long-term neuropsychiatric and medical consequences.
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