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Pinchak NP. A Paradox of School Social Organization: Positive School Climate, Friendship Network Density, and Adolescent Violence. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02034-2. [PMID: 38913287 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Schools are often encouraged to foster a positive climate to reduce adolescent violence, but evidence on the effectiveness of this approach varies significantly. This study investigates the roots of this variation by testing alternative hypotheses about how positive school-level climate and school-level student friendship network density interact to shape adolescent violence perpetration. Research on informal social control and network closure suggests that the violence-reducing association of positive school climate will be enhanced among schools where students are more densely tied through their friendships. Research on youth conflict and subversion of control suggests the opposite. These hypotheses are tested with data from Waves I-II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,771; 49% Female; Age mean = 15.04, SD = 1.60). Consistent with the conflict/subversion hypothesis, analyses indicate that the inverse association between positive school climate and adolescent violence is only evident among schools with a very low density of friendship ties. Strikingly, however, there is evidence that a more positive school climate is associated with increases in violence among youth attending schools with a high density of friendship ties. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce violence by fostering cohesion among youth in their schools and other social contexts can be undermined by youth network processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo P Pinchak
- Centre for Social Investigation, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Dou Y, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, O’Donnell R, Bunyachatakul S, Pojanapotha P. Bullying Victimization Moderates the Association between Social Skills and Self-Esteem among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in International Schools. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111606. [PMID: 36360334 PMCID: PMC9688646 DOI: 10.3390/children9111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background. Bullying is a major school problem. Victims of bullying often experience low self-esteem, whereas social skills are positively associated with the level of self-esteem. This research examined whether the victim's condition impacted their social skills and self-esteem. Methods. International school students in Thailand aged 13 to 18 years old completed the Olweus bullying questionnaire, social capital questionnaire (SC), social skills questionnaire (SS), adolescent discrimination index (ADDI), and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). Moderation analyses and visual presentations were carried out using IBM SPSS ver. 22 and PROCESS, ver. 4.0. Results. A total of 102 students participated (63% female). The mean age of the participants was 16.57 (SD = 1.42). The number of victims was 16 (15.7%), the mean (SD) for the SC, SS, ADDI, and RSES was 7.82 (2.37), 44.45 (9.40), 12.33 (9.82), and 27.85 (5.31), respectively. As predicted, those with high social skills reported greater self-esteem when they had never been bullied. The moderation effect was significant: B = 0.458, standard error = 0.203, 95% CI = -0.836 to -0.054. Additionally, the ADDI and SC were found to predict self-esteem. Conclusions. The significant moderation effect suggests the importance of identifying the victim's condition when the association between social skills and self-esteem is not observed (as expected) among school adolescents. A longitudinal study to confirm the causal relationship should be encouraged. Further research on providing appropriate interventions along with social skill training for the victim group is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Dou
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-935422 (ext. 318); Fax: +66-53-935426
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ronald O’Donnell
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Behavioral Health, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Saifon Bunyachatakul
- Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pichaya Pojanapotha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Gereš N, Orpinas P, Rodin U, Štimac-Grbić D, Mujkić A. Bullying and Attitudes Toward Masculinity in Croatian Schools: Behavioral and Emotional Characteristics of Students Who Bully Others. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:3496-3513. [PMID: 29781341 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518777011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of bullying is paramount to creating a positive and welcoming school environment. This study compared the following characteristics reported by students who had perpetrated bullying in Croatian schools and those who did not: gender, type of school, family wealth, negative emotionality, behaviors that may compromise health, and endorsement of traditional masculinity. Within the framework of the "Croatian Adolescent Masculinity Study," second and third grade students of secondary schools (equivalent to tenth and eleventh grade in the United States) in the city of Zagreb (N = 4,072) completed a cross-sectional, paper-and-pencil survey. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for males and females to identify constructs associated with bullying perpetration. More males (12.7%) than females (5.8%) perpetrated bullying. Compared to students who did not report bullying others, significantly more students, who perpetrated bullying reported feeling sad or hopeless, having suicidal ideation, carrying a weapon, missing school because of feeling unsafe, drinking alcohol, getting inebriated, being victims of bullying, and endorsing traditional masculinity norms. The proportion of males reporting bullying others did not vary by type of school; females were more likely to perpetrate bullying in predominantly male and mixed-gender vocational schools. Bullying prevention interventions should address the complexity of problems associated with bullying others. Students who reported bullying others were more likely to participate in other harmful behaviors and have emotional problems. Endorsement of traditional masculinity norms should be further researched in other cultures and included in investigations of bullying perpetration, given its association with increased bullying among male and female students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urelija Rodin
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Lee CKJ, Huang J. The relations between students' sense of school belonging, perceptions of school kindness and character strength of kindness. J Sch Psychol 2021; 84:95-108. [PMID: 33581773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the associations between secondary school students' sense of school belonging, their perceptions of school kindness, and character strength of kindness, and examined possible differences in these constructs across gender groups. The study, which included 1973 Hong Kong secondary school students, revealed that students' sense of school belonging was positively correlated with their perceptions of school kindness at the school and student levels (0.021 and 0.185, respectively). Furthermore, students' sense of school belonging was positively linked to character strength of kindness at the student level, although this relationship was found to be non-significant at the school level. At both levels of analysis, the positive relationships between students' perceptions of school kindness and character strength of kindness were significant. In addition, girls reported higher levels of character strength of kindness than boys. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the relationships between sense of school belonging, school kindness, and character strength of kindness. Implications for research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kin John Lee
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R; Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Jing Huang
- Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R; Office of the Vice President (Academic) and Provost, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R.
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Lee B, Jo Y. Correlates of Repeat Victimization and Sex Differences in South Korean Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:3188-3216. [PMID: 29294748 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517708760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the correlates of victimization has significantly increased in criminology, while focusing on a few criminological theories, risky lifestyles/routine activities, and self-control. This study is to explore the applicability of five criminological theories, including social control theory, collective efficacy, and strain theories as well as risky lifestyles/routine activities and self-control to explain the correlates of repeat victimization. The current study also explores sex differences/similarities of Korean youth in the correlates of repeat victimization. Current study analyzes data from two waves of Korean Youth Panel Survey by using logistic regression. Results show that risky lifestyle/routine activities, social control, and general strain variables better explained the chance of repeat victimization than other theories (i.e., self-control and collective efficacy). In addition, this study suggests future study to focus on peer-related issues for girls' repeat victimization and by addressing family-related issues for boys' repeat victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- The College at Brockport, NY, USA
| | - Youngoh Jo
- Korean Institute of Criminology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bryson SL, Childs KK. Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between School Climate and Disorder. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr-2018-0016.v47-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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van Domburgh L, Geluk C, Jansen L, Vermeiren R, Doreleijers T. Antisocial Behavior and Victimization Over 2-Year Follow-Up in Subgroups of Childhood Arrestees. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:3780-3806. [PMID: 29294607 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516672052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Not only are childhood onset offenders at high risk of becoming serious persistent offenders, they are also at high risk of becoming victimized themselves. Furthermore, studies in the general population suggest that a combined perpetrator-victim group can be distinguished from a perpetrator-only and a victim-only group on individual and family risk factors. The current study investigated the co-occurrence of offending and victimization among first-time arrestees and the 2-year predictive value of previously found clusters of dynamic risk factors of offending. Childhood first-time arrestees (N = 308; Mage = 10.3, SD = 1.45) were clustered into three groups based on dynamic risk factors of offending in the individual, peer, school, and family domains: a pervasive high, an externalizing intermediate, and a low problem group. Police records and self-report data on re-offending and victimization of these children were collected over a 2-year follow-up period. Compared with the low problem group, the prevalence of re-offending was higher in both the externalizing intermediate group and the pervasive high group. The pervasive high group was most likely to display co-occurring future antisocial behavior and victimization. These findings emphasize that attention should be paid to victimization in addition to future antisocial behavior, especially if additional internalizing and family problems are present. Furthermore, the differences in re-offending and victimization between subgroups of childhood onset offenders stress the need for specific interventions tailored to the risk profile of a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke van Domburgh
- 1 VU University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
- 2 Intermetzo, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Geluk
- 1 VU University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucres Jansen
- 1 VU University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vermeiren
- 1 VU University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
- 3 Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Payne AA, Gottfredson DC. Communal schools and teacher victimization. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:397-407. [PMID: 30801753 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite data showing that teacher victimization is at least as great a problem as student victimization, far less research exists regarding teacher victimization than student victimization and overall school crime, particularly with regard to the application of criminological theory to explain the victimization of teachers. We address this gap by examining the hierarchical relationship between communal school organization and teacher victimization in a nationally representative sample of 37,497 teachers from 7,488 public schools in the United States. Results showed that teacher experienced less victimization in schools that were more communally organized. We discuss these findings and present implications for school-based delinquency prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A. Payne
- Department of Sociology and CriminologyVillanova UniversityVillanova Pennsylvania
| | - Denise C. Gottfredson
- Department of Criminology and Criminal JusticeUniversity of MarylandCollege Park Maryland
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Rhee H, McQuillan B, Chen DG, Atis S. Perceptions about interpersonal relationships and school environment among middle school students with asthma. J Asthma 2017; 54:905-910. [PMID: 28055268 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1277540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine interpersonal relationships involving peers and teachers and perceptions about school environment among middle school students with asthma in comparison to their healthy counterparts. The study also assesses asthma prevalence in a large sample of middle school students representing different geographic locations. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 1059 middle school students in grades 6-8 enrolled in schools in a northeastern region of the United States. Students reported their chronic health conditions including asthma and completed questionnaires measuring perceptions about their relationships with peers and teachers as well as school environment. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were used to compare students with asthma and their healthy counterparts in the study variables. RESULTS Asthma was reported by 16.5% of the sample (n = 169). The rate was higher among minority students (23%) than their white counterparts (15%). Greater proportion of urban students (28%) reported asthma than rural (18%) and suburban (14%) students. Students with asthma reported significantly poorer relationships with peers (B = -1.74, p <.001) and teachers (B = -1.41, p =.009), and their perceptions about overall school environment (B = -1.30, p =.009) were also lower than their healthy counterparts. Race showed no significant effects on school factors. CONCLUSION Overall asthma prevalence was substantially higher than the national average of adolescent asthma, particularly those residing in the urban area. Poor perceptions of interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers among students with asthma may indicate compromised quality of life. Suboptimal interpersonal relationships and school environment need to be identified and adequately addressed, given their implications for asthma management at the school setting among middle school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyun Rhee
- a School of Nursing, University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | | | - Ding-Geng Chen
- c University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Shannska Atis
- a School of Nursing, University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
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Jaggers JW, Prattini RJ, Church WT. Traumatic Stress Among Seriously Delinquent Youth: Considering the Consequences of Neighborhood Circumstance. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 58:69-79. [PMID: 27530351 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Myriad factors have been found to have an impact on delinquent behavior and traumatic stress. This study proposes a model that tests the relationship between common predictors of delinquency (neighborhood condition, antisocial peer socialization, and exposure to violence) with traumatic stress. Serial mediation was used to test the relationships between these predictors and traumatic stress. Results indicate the mediation effect between neighborhood conditions and traumatic stress significantly reduces the total effect. Implications for traumatic stress in the context of delinquent behavior are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Prattini
- Louisiana State University School of Social Work, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Wesley T Church
- Louisiana State University School of Social Work, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Tillyer MS, Tillyer R. Race, Ethnicity, and Adolescent Violent Victimization. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1497-511. [PMID: 26769575 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The risk of adolescent violent victimization in the United States varies considerably across racial and ethnic populations; it is unknown whether the sources of risk also vary by race and ethnicity. This study examined the correlates of violent victimization for White, Black, and Hispanic youth. Data collected from 11,070 adolescents (51 % female, mean age = 15.04 years) during the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to estimate group-specific multilevel logistic regression models. The results indicate that male, violent offending, peer deviance, gang membership, and low self-control were significantly associated with increased odds of violent victimization for all groups. Some activities-including getting drunk, sneaking out, and unstructured socializing with peers-were risk factors for Black adolescents only; skipping school was a risk factor only for Hispanic adolescents. Although there are many similarities across groups, the findings suggest that minority adolescents are particularly vulnerable to violent victimization when they engage in some activities and minor forms of delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Skubak Tillyer
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
| | - Rob Tillyer
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA
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Leadbeater BJ, Sukhawathanakul P, Thompson K, Holfeld B. Parent, Child, and Teacher Reports of School Climate as Predictors of Peer Victimization, Internalizing and Externalizing in Elementary School. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-015-9154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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School Climate: a Review of the Construct, Measurement, and Impact on Student Outcomes. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-015-9319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Springer AE, Cuevas Jaramillo MC, Ortiz Gómez Y, Case K, Wilkinson A. School social cohesion, student-school connectedness, and bullying in Colombian adolescents. Glob Health Promot 2015; 23:37-48. [PMID: 25878143 DOI: 10.1177/1757975915576305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student-school connectedness is inversely associated with multiple health risk behaviors, yet research is limited on the relative contributions of a student's connectedness with school and an overall context of school social cohesion to peer victimization/bullying. PURPOSE We examined associations of perceived school cohesion and student-school connectedness with physical victimization, verbal victimization, and social exclusion in the past six months in adolescents in grades 6-11 (N = 774) attending 11 public and private urban schools in Colombia. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression models. RESULTS Higher perceived school cohesion was inversely related with exposure to three bullying types examined (p < 0.05); student-school connectedness was negatively related to verbal victimization among girls only (p < 0.01). In full models, school cohesion maintained inverse associations with three bullying types after controlling for student-school connectedness (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Enhancing school cohesion may hold benefits for bullying prevention beyond a student's individual school connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Springer
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health-Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX United States.
| | | | - Yamileth Ortiz Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Calidad de Vida, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Katie Case
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health-Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX United States
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health-Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX United States
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Leadbeater B, Sukhawathanakul P, Smith D, Bowen F. Reciprocal Associations Between Interpersonal and Values Dimensions of School Climate and Peer Victimization in Elementary School Children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 44:480-93. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2013.873985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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