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Groggel A, Kokoris G, Journet S. Stereotypical Victims: Visibility of #MeToo Disclosures on Twitter. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241228288. [PMID: 38304984 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241228288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The #MeToo movement has brought greater visibility to the topic of sexual assault in public discourse. We analyzed a dataset of 1,070 Twitter #MeToo self-disclosures to examine the relationship between online visibility (retweets and favorites) and the content of victim-survivors' self-disclosures such as victim's gender, relationship to the perpetrator, and the emotions expressed in the tweet. The visibility of sexual assault self-disclosures was shaped by the extent to which they align with stereotypical misconceptions of victimization. These findings carry significant implications for understanding patterns of victimization, and for identifying whose voices are being amplified or not on Twitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Groggel
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- North Central College, Naperville, IL, USA
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2
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Camacho D, Bhattacharya A, Moore K, Aranda MP, Lukens EP. Employment of trauma informed principles in the Palabras Fuertes project: Implications for narrative research with older Latinx communities. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 2023; 16:359-373. [PMID: 38469125 PMCID: PMC10927001 DOI: 10.1177/20597991231202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the US, there is a growing number of older Latinx communities. Qualitative approaches such as narrative inquiry may be fruitful endeavors to elucidate their lived experiences. However, older Latinx communities, including sexual minorities, are disproportionately exposed to social, health, and historical challenges that may result in exposure to potentially traumatic events (e.g. discrimination, illness, grief, etc.). The recognition of high rates of exposure to potentially traumatic events among participants has led to the recommended adoption of Trauma Informed (TI) principles for use in non-trauma specific research. At present, there are limited examples and discussions about the implementation of TI principles in qualitative research and our literature review yielded no discussion of the use of TI principles in narrative inquiry or with older Latinx communities. In this manuscript, we advocate for the adoption of TI principles when engaging in narrative inquiry with older Latinx adults. Second, we discuss examples of TI guided practices we employed while conducting the Palabras Fuertes study of life history narratives with older Latino immigrant gay men living in New York City. Finally, based on these experiences, we provide recommendations for incorporating TI into future narrative research with older Latinx communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Camacho
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anindita Bhattacharya
- School of Social Work & Criminal Justice, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Kiara Moore
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria P Aranda
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen P Lukens
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Peterman A, Devries K, Guedes A, Chandan JS, Minhas S, Lim RQH, Gennari F, Bhatia A. Ethical reporting of research on violence against women and children: a review of current practice and recommendations for future guidelines. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2023-011882. [PMID: 37230546 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in research practice during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates renewed attention to ethical protocols and reporting for data collection on sensitive topics. This review summarises the state of ethical reporting among studies collecting violence data during early stages of the pandemic. We systematically searched for journal publications from the start of the pandemic to November 2021, identifying 75 studies that collected primary data on violence against women and/or violence against children. We developed and applied a 14-item checklist of best practices to assess the transparency of ethics reporting and adherence to relevant global guidelines on violence research. Studies reported adhering to best practices on 31% of scored items. Reporting was highest for ethical clearance (87%) and informed consent/assent (84/83%) and lowest for whether measures to promote interviewer safety and support (3%), for facilitating referrals for minors and soliciting participant feedback were in place (both 0%). Violence studies employing primary data collection during COVID-19 reported on few ethical standards, obscuring stakeholder ability to enforce a 'do no harm' approach and to assess the reliability of findings. We offer recommendations and guidelines to improve future reporting and implementation of ethics within violence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Peterman
- Public Policy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Devries
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Guedes
- Child and Adolescent Rights and Empowerment team, UNICEF Innocenti - Global Office of Research and Foresight, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sonica Minhas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Qian Hui Lim
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Floriza Gennari
- Child and Adolescent Rights and Empowerment team, UNICEF Innocenti - Global Office of Research and Foresight, Florence, Toscana, Italy
| | - Amiya Bhatia
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Chin D, Smith-Clapham AM, Wyatt GE. Race-based trauma and post-traumatic growth through identity transformation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1031602. [PMID: 36844351 PMCID: PMC9944138 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1031602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Race-based trauma has been linked to multiple adverse health and mental health outcomes, including hypertension, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. While the possibility of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been investigated following other types of trauma, relatively less work has been done on PTG following race-based trauma. In this article, we present a theoretical framework integrating three areas of research: race-based trauma, PTG, and racial identity narratives. Based on the work on Black and Asian American identity and integrating theory and research on historical trauma and PTG, this framework posits that the transformation of externally imposed narratives into more authentic, internally generated ones can serve as an important influence that sparks PTG after racial trauma. Based on this framework, strategies and tools that enact the cognitive processes of PTG, including writing and storytelling, are suggested as ways to promote post-trauma growth in response to racial trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber M. Smith-Clapham
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gail E. Wyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Isobel S. Trauma-informed qualitative research: Some methodological and practical considerations. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30 Suppl 1:1456-1469. [PMID: 34310829 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mental health nurses who engage in research are likely to undertake research on sensitive topics, related to experiences of illness, care delivery and treatment. With recognition of the high prevalence of trauma in the lives of people who interact with mental health services, it is likely that many research participants will have experienced trauma in their lives and that while this may not be the focus of the research, sensitivity and awareness are required. Reference to 'trauma-informed' approaches in research design and practice is emerging in fields such as trauma-focused research and social sciences; however, it has not yet been applied to nurses. Trauma-informed approaches can build upon existing ethical and methodological frameworks to inform how mental health nurses go about qualitative research and what they need to consider when doing so. This discursive paper explores some of the implications of awareness and sensitivity to trauma for research undertaken by mental health nurses, including practical and methodological considerations. Recommendations include training and structural supports for nurse researchers, collaborative research designs, consideration of the environments where research occurs, awareness of approaches to distress and inclusion of trauma sensitivity within research policies, frameworks and leadership, alongside vigilance to interpersonal approach and the establishment and protection of psychological safety throughout. Continuing to undertake research on topics, and with people, where trauma is present, is essential to ensure ongoing awareness. Many of the existing skills held by mental health nurses can also support research to be undertaken in trauma-informed ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Isobel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jefferson K, Stanhope KK, Jones-Harrell C, Vester A, Tyano E, Hall CDX. A scoping review of recommendations in the English language on conducting research with trauma-exposed populations since publication of the Belmont report; thematic review of existing recommendations on research with trauma-exposed populations. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254003. [PMID: 34324528 PMCID: PMC8321367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify recommendations for conducting public health research with trauma-exposed populations. METHODS Researchers searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Open Grey, and Google Scholar for recommendations. Trauma that causes psychological impact was our exposure of interest and we excluded clinical articles on treating physical trauma. We reviewed titles and abstracts of 8,070 articles and full text of 300 articles. We analyzed recommendations with thematic analysis, generated questions from the existing pool of recommendations, and then summarized select gaps. RESULTS We abstracted recommendations from 145 articles in five categories: community benefit, participant benefit, safety, researcher well-being, and recommendations for conduct of trauma research. CONCLUSIONS Gold standards to guide the conduct of trauma-informed public health research do not yet exist. The literature suggests participation in trauma research is not inherently harmful, and current recommendations concern using research to benefit communities and participants, protecting participants and researchers from harm, and improving professional practice. As public health researchers increasingly analyze trauma as a determinant of health, gold standards for the conduct of trauma-informed public health research would be appropriate and timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jefferson
- Independent Researcher, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn K. Stanhope
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carla Jones-Harrell
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aimée Vester
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emma Tyano
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Casey D. Xavier Hall
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Well-being, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Çili S, Stopa L. A taxonomy of intrusive mental images in clinical disorders: what can "non-veridical" images tell us about the nature of human memory? Memory 2021; 30:60-66. [PMID: 33998361 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1910311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrusive mental images associated with autobiographical memories or depicting imagined scenes are common in psychological disorders. Although there is a growing body of literature on their contribution to psychopathology and their role in therapy, to date there have been limited attempts to categorise the different types of images that patients experience. In this article, we present a taxonomy which ranges from veridical to non-veridical intrusive images. We highlight the fact that many types of images consist of a blend of veridical and imagined details. After presenting some of the main explanations for the existence of blended and non-veridical images, we reflect on what the evidence on the content and origin of intrusive images tells us about the nature of human memory. We argue that it supports the idea of memory being constructive and briefly discuss what this means for clinical and non-clinical settings in which intrusive images have to be evaluated and used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soljana Çili
- London College of Fashion, University of the Arts London, London, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lusia Stopa
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Cullen P, Dawson M, Price J, Rowlands J. Intersectionality and Invisible Victims: Reflections on Data Challenges and Vicarious Trauma in Femicide, Family and Intimate Partner Homicide Research. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2021; 36:619-628. [PMID: 33551548 PMCID: PMC7854328 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rigorous, comprehensive and timely research are the cornerstone of social and transformative change. For researchers responding to femicide, family and intimate partner homicide, there are substantial challenges around accessing robust data that is complete and fully representative of the experiences and social identities of those affected. This raises questions of how certain social identities are privileged and how the lens of intersectionality may be constrained or enabled through research. Further, there is limited insight into the emotional labour and safety for researchers, and how they experience and mitigate vicarious trauma. We examine these issues through a shared critical reflection and conclude with key recommendations to address the challenges and issues identified. Four researchers examining and responding to femicide, family and intimate partner homicide in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom shared and evaluated their critical reflection. We drew on our experiences and offer insights into processes, impacts and unintended consequences of fatality reviews and research initiatives. There are substantial limitations in accessibility and completeness of data, which has unintended consequences for the construction of social identities of those affected, including how multiple forms of exclusion and structural oppression are represented. Our experiences as researchers are complex and have driven us to implement strategies to mitigate vicarious trauma. We assert that these issues can be addressed by reconceptualizing the goals of data collection and fostering collaborative discussions among those involved in data collection and violence prevention to strengthen research, prevention efforts and safety for all involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, Samuels Building, UNSW, NSW 2052 Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, NSW 2042 Newtown, Australia
- Ngarruwan Ngadju: First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500 Wollongong, Australia
| | - Myrna Dawson
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Jenna Price
- Crawford School, Australian National University, ACT 2600 Canberra, Australia
| | - James Rowlands
- Department of Sociology, School of Law, Politics and Sociology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QE UK
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Sevelius JM, Gutierrez-Mock L, Zamudio-Haas S, McCree B, Ngo A, Jackson A, Clynes C, Venegas L, Salinas A, Herrera C, Stein E, Operario D, Gamarel K. Research with Marginalized Communities: Challenges to Continuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:2009-2012. [PMID: 32415617 PMCID: PMC7228861 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae M Sevelius
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Luis Gutierrez-Mock
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Zamudio-Haas
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Breonna McCree
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Azize Ngo
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akira Jackson
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carla Clynes
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luz Venegas
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Salinas
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cinthya Herrera
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Stein
- Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Don Operario
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kristi Gamarel
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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