1
|
Schimmelpfennig R, Spicer R, White CJM, Gervais W, Norenzayan A, Heine S, Henrich J, Muthukrishna M. Methodological concerns underlying a lack of evidence for cultural heterogeneity in the replication of psychological effects. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:93. [PMID: 39379734 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The multi-site replication study, Many Labs 2, concluded that sample location and setting did not substantially affect the replicability of findings. Here, we examine theoretical and methodological considerations for a subset of the analyses, namely exploratory tests of heterogeneity in the replicability of studies between "WEIRD and less-WEIRD cultures". We conducted a review of literature citing the study, a re-examination of the existing cultural variability, a power stimulation for detecting cultural heterogeneity, and re-analyses of the original exploratory tests. Findings indicate little cultural variability and low power to detect cultural heterogeneity effects in the Many Labs 2 data, yet the literature review indicates the study is cited regarding the moderating role of culture. Our reanalysis of the data found that using different operationalizations of culture slightly increased effect sizes but did not substantially alter the conclusions of Many Labs 2. Future studies of cultural heterogeneity can be improved with theoretical consideration of which effects and which cultures are likely to show variation as well as a priori methodological planning for appropriate operationalizations of culture and sufficient power to detect effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Spicer
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Will Gervais
- Centre for Culture and Evolution, Psychology, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ara Norenzayan
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Heine
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Henrich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Muthukrishna
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom.
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yusainy C, Fitria I, Sarirah T, Barlaman MHA, Timothy JA, Effendi MG, Setiawati Y, Silvana N, Wicaksono W, Santosoputro A. Someone just posted on Instagram: Conspicuous consumption, anticipated engagement, and trait mindfulness. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-26. [PMID: 39353467 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2024.2404399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
The practice of "flexing," showing off one's wealth and status, gradually penetrates daily life on various social media platforms, most notably Instagram. We investigated the extent to which exposure to conspicuous consumption by a stranger stimulated the viewers' materialistic aspiration and whether this effect could be mediated by anticipated engagement and moderated by trait mindfulness. A large number of Instagram users in Indonesia (N = 2,296, 75.30% female; Mage = 31.14 years old, SDage = 7.09) completed the trait mindfulness scale, randomly received a single Instagram photo showcasing luxury material vs. experiential purchase, provided an estimate of the intensity of love and comment from other viewers (i.e., anticipated engagement), and filled out the materialistic aspiration scale. Participants exposed to material purchase reported higher aspiration than those exposed to experiential purchase, but lower anticipated engagements also reduced materialistic aspiration. Participants with higher trait mindfulness were better at distinguishing the effects of conspicuous consumption on anticipated engagement and materialistic aspiration. These findings indicate that the viewers' anticipation of collective attention could reverse the impact of exposure to conspicuous consumption and the potential of trait mindfulness as an anti-mimetic quality for situational materialism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ika Fitria
- Psychology Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yeni Setiawati
- Psychology Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nora Silvana
- Psychology Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park PS, Schoenegger P, Zhu C. Diminished diversity-of-thought in a standard large language model. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:5754-5770. [PMID: 38194165 PMCID: PMC11335848 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We test whether large language models (LLMs) can be used to simulate human participants in social-science studies. To do this, we ran replications of 14 studies from the Many Labs 2 replication project with OpenAI's text-davinci-003 model, colloquially known as GPT-3.5. Based on our pre-registered analyses, we find that among the eight studies we could analyse, our GPT sample replicated 37.5% of the original results and 37.5% of the Many Labs 2 results. However, we were unable to analyse the remaining six studies due to an unexpected phenomenon we call the "correct answer" effect. Different runs of GPT-3.5 answered nuanced questions probing political orientation, economic preference, judgement, and moral philosophy with zero or near-zero variation in responses: with the supposedly "correct answer." In one exploratory follow-up study, we found that a "correct answer" was robust to changing the demographic details that precede the prompt. In another, we found that most but not all "correct answers" were robust to changing the order of answer choices. One of our most striking findings occurred in our replication of the Moral Foundations Theory survey results, where we found GPT-3.5 identifying as a political conservative in 99.6% of the cases, and as a liberal in 99.3% of the cases in the reverse-order condition. However, both self-reported 'GPT conservatives' and 'GPT liberals' showed right-leaning moral foundations. Our results cast doubts on the validity of using LLMs as a general replacement for human participants in the social sciences. Our results also raise concerns that a hypothetical AI-led future may be subject to a diminished diversity of thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Park
- Department of Physics, MIT, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Philipp Schoenegger
- Department of Management, London School of Economics, Marshall Building, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, England, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moldes O. Unpacking the effects of materialism on interpersonal relationships: A cognitive approach. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39188073 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Materialism, or beliefs and values that link wealth and consumption to success and happiness, negatively affects interpersonal relationships. Prior work has typically explained these effects through the allocation of personal resources (such as time or money) within relationships, thus using a behavioural route. However, this research proposes an alternative cognitive pathway to understand the adverse effects of materialism on interpersonal relationships. Three studies (N = 1389) employing correlational and experimental methodologies showed that materialism leads to heightened expectations and standards for a significant other, which are associated with poorer interpersonal outcomes. Specifically, materialism heightens the ideal standards that one has for a close other around achievement (e.g., ambition) and positive image (e.g., attractiveness), which are linked to higher conflict and lower relational satisfaction. Therefore, this work contributes to deepening our understanding of how consumer-oriented values shape social perceptions and negatively affect interpersonal dynamics. Practical applications include informing relationship counselling practices, developing educational interventions, and guiding marketers and media content producers towards messages that do not increase individual's ideals and standards for themselves and others. Further research should explore other factors that might alter this mediation (e.g., mindfulness) and examine the short- and long-term effects through longitudinal and interventional-based research.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Li W, Nie M, Xin Z. Business culture impairs facial trustworthiness judgments. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1356305. [PMID: 38751767 PMCID: PMC11094330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has found that business culture has a detrimental impact on interpersonal trust. To understand whether this impact extends to rapid, automatic, bottom-up judgments of facial trustworthiness, we conducted 4 experiments involving 244 participants from economic and non-economic backgrounds. We presented participants with both trustworthy and untrustworthy faces and asked them to make judgments on trustworthiness. The results show that individuals who are engaged in studying economics, work in an economics-related occupation, or are exposed to an imagined business culture evaluate trustworthy faces to be less trustworthy. The findings shed light on why and how business culture affects the formation of interpersonal trust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuan Zhang
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- School of Education, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Weiran Li
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Nie
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqiang Xin
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bartolini S, Piekalkiewicz M, Sarracino F, Slater G. The moderation effect of social capital in the relationship between own income, social comparisons and subjective well-being: Evidence from four international datasets. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288455. [PMID: 38060523 PMCID: PMC10703203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we check whether social capital changes the association of subjective well-being with own income and social comparisons. We use panel data from Germany and publicly available data from three international surveys, for a total of nearly 500,000 respondents from industrial countries. Results show that the association of own income and social comparisons to subjective well-being weakens for individuals with high social capital. This finding holds in a variety of settings, and is robust to various measures of subjective well-being, of social capital, and of social comparisons. We also find evidence indicating that the role of social capital is, at least in part, causal. Finally, our findings support the macro-level implication that income differences are less related to subjective well-being differences in countries with high social capital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bartolini
- Department of Political Economy and Statistics, Faculty of Economics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marcin Piekalkiewicz
- Department of Political Economy and Statistics, Faculty of Economics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Sarracino
- Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg (STATEC), Luxembourg City, G.D. of Luxembourg
| | - Giulia Slater
- Department of Political Economy and Statistics, Faculty of Economics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg (STATEC), Luxembourg City, G.D. of Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin B, Jiang YB, Chen J. Realizing consumers' existential dreams via product marketing and mixed reality: a perspective based on affective neuroscience theories. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1256194. [PMID: 37732310 PMCID: PMC10508346 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1256194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In an era of swift societal changes and escalating consumerism, this paper presents an exploration of an innovative approach that integrates product marketing strategies, mixed reality (MR) technology, and affective neuroscience theories to actualize consumers' existential dreams. MR, with its unique capacity to blend the virtual and real worlds, can enhance the consumer experience by creating immersive, personalized environments that resonate with consumers' existential aspirations. Insights from affective neuroscience, specifically the brain's processing of emotions, guide the development of emotionally engaging marketing strategies, which strengthen the connection between consumers, products, and brands. These integrated strategies not only present a novel blueprint for companies to deepen consumer engagement but also promise more fulfilling and meaningful consumer experiences. Moreover, this approach contributes to societal well-being and prosperity, marking a significant stride in the field of marketing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Institute of Organizational and Industrial Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Bin Jiang
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Institute of Organizational and Industrial Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Institute of Organizational and Industrial Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Isham A, Morgan G, Kemp AH. Nurturing wellbeing amidst the climate crisis: on the need for a focus on wellbeing in the field of climate psychology. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1205991. [PMID: 37575429 PMCID: PMC10413562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness of climate change can prompt overwhelming emotions that threaten wellbeing such as anger, despair, and anxiety. Neoliberal views of human beings and their mental health strip the individual from their social and material context, driving personal dissatisfaction, social isolation, and ecological destruction. In this piece, we contend that advancements in scholarly research on wellbeing offer valuable insights for addressing the challenges posed by the climate crises while respecting human wellbeing. Such frameworks, which include the Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF) and the GENIAL model, emphasize the interconnected nature of people, communities, and their environment. In turn, they help to lay the groundwork for the development of 'post-growth' societies focused on supporting outcomes such as human wellbeing, social justice, and environmental regeneration. There are a number of different actions that practitioners and even lay individuals can take to promote positive outcomes and effective responses in the face of the climate crisis. These actions, discussed in the concluding sections of the article, aim to foster wellbeing and impactful engagement with the challenges posed by climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Isham
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Morgan
- School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Malika M, Ghoshal T, Mathur P, Maheswaran D. Does scarcity increase or decrease donation behaviors? An investigation considering resource-specific scarcity and individual person-thing orientation. JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE 2023; 52:1-23. [PMID: 37359268 PMCID: PMC10154757 DOI: 10.1007/s11747-023-00938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Extant research remains equivocal with respect to whether scarcity increases or decreases charitable behaviors. This research suggests a reconciliation by considering a donor's resource-specific scarcity, and their person-thing orientation (PTO), a novel personality variable that determines whether individuals are naturally attuned towards people versus things in their environment. Person-orientation predisposes preferences towards donating time, while thing-orientation predisposes preferences towards donating money. Time scarcity leads person-oriented individuals to prefer donating money, but does not affect thing-oriented individuals. Financial scarcity leads thing-oriented individuals to prefer donating time, but does not affect person-oriented individuals. Person-oriented individuals' attention towards other people and thing-oriented individuals' focus on resource evaluation form the basis for the observed relative donation preferences. Finally, PTO can also be situationally induced. Using donation intentions and real click-through behavior for diverse charitable organizations, we show in five studies that the combined effect of consumers' perceived resource-specific scarcity and PTO determines the relative preference for donating time vs. donating money. Our results have important implications for charities soliciting specific kinds of resources, as well as real-world government and social welfare initiatives critically dependent on volunteerism. Theoretically, we examine scarcity from an individual-difference perspective that has not been well understood. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11747-023-00938-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malika Malika
- Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bannerghatta Main Rd, Bengaluru, 560076 India
| | - Tanuka Ghoshal
- Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Pragya Mathur
- Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, City University of New York, 55 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Isham A, Jackson T. Flow Experiences in Shopping Activities: Testing Materialistic Goal Orientation as an Antecedent. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231159615. [PMID: 36823025 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231159615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Given that flow experiences when shopping can encourage positive brand attitudes and purchase behaviours, consumer psychologists are interested in the antecedents to flow within retail environments. Emerging findings suggest that a materialistic goal orientation can undermine an individual's tendency to have optimal experiences of flow. However, this existing work has been conducted largely within the field of Environmental Psychology and thus focused on flow experiences that occur in more ecologically sustainable activities. We hypothesized that materialism may not have the same flow-limiting effects when participants are engaged in shopping activities, which are more in line with the goals of highly materialistic individuals. Across two studies, we tested the relationship between materialism and the experience of flow during shopping activities using cross-sectional (N = 886) and experimental (N = 140) methods. Contrary to our hypothesis, both studies documented a negative effect of materialism on flow experiences when shopping, and this was not moderated by the type of store browsed. Accordingly, it appears that a materialistic goal orientation limits the extent to which people can have enjoyable flow experiences even during activities which are consistent with the life goals of highly materialistic individuals. We discuss the implications of these findings for wellbeing, marketing, and sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Isham
- School of Psychology, 7759Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Tim Jackson
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), 3660University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hiquet R, Wordley C, Ansari S. Why does Faithful Epistemic Representation Matter for Management Practices? The Case of the Natural Environment in Management Theory. PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT 2023; 22:347-372. [PMID: 37814723 PMCID: PMC10560159 DOI: 10.1007/s40926-022-00220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Management theory is a diverse field where multiple theoretical perspectives coexist and coevolve, leading to conceptual pluralism. While conceptual pluralism is useful for grasping different aspects of the complex reality we live in, it may limit the further development of knowledge on elemental concepts. In this article, we focus on knowledge on the natural environment (NE) in management theory. We argue that management scholars and practitioners often rely on theoretical lenses that tend to reify the NE, thereby limiting the conceptualization of some of the essential properties of the NE. Drawing on the example of the conceptual development of the ecosystem services (ES) at the intersection of economics and biology, we identify the advantages and the limits of interdisciplinary theory-building and testing. Finally, we discuss how tools from the philosophy of science can be useful for proposing a way forward for integrating reliable knowledge on the natural environment in management theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Hiquet
- Swiss National Science Foundation, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1AG UK
| | - Claire Wordley
- Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Shahzad Ansari
- Present Address: Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1AG UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Drążkowski D, Trepanowski R. A Longitudinal Experimental Study Examining How and Whether Practicing Acts of Kindness Affects Materialism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16339. [PMID: 36498425 PMCID: PMC9736427 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Kindness interventions assist individuals in the pursuit of greater well-being. However, little is known about whether these interventions can decrease materialism. The current study tested how kindness interventions decrease materialism and external aspirations. Furthermore, we tested whether these interventions influence impulsive shopping. (2) Method: We randomly assigned 122 females to a three-week intervention of practicing acts of kindness or a neutral intervention (practicing acts related to studying). Before and after the interventions, all participants reported their life satisfaction, level of materialism, and internal and external aspirations. (3) Results: Among women practicing acts of kindness, materialism and life satisfaction did not change compared to the control group, but in both conditions, life satisfaction increased, and materialism decreased. However, we found that practicing kindness was associated with (a) an increase in aspiration affiliation, (b) a reduction in the intention to shop impulsively, (c) less focus on external aspirations, and (d) more focus on internal aspirations. (4) Conclusions: Although our results show that practicing kindness does not lead to a decrease in materialism, they suggest that focusing on increasing personal happiness might lead to such a decrease. Furthermore, our research contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating that kind women are less oriented toward materialistic values.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan M, Li M, Li H, Li J, Chang Y, Zhang G, Zhong Y. Environmental Protection or Self-Interest? The Public Accountability Moderates the Effects of Materialism and Advertising Appeals on the Pro-Environmental Behavior. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3275-3286. [PMID: 36387042 PMCID: PMC9645130 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s384947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have examined the negative effects of materialism, which refers to the importance of possessing material wealth and image, on the pro-environmental behavior. Recently, a study found that highly materialistic individuals showed more pro-environmental behaviors involving self-benefit (vs other-benefit) appeals. However, previous studies ignored the role of public accountability. Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between advertising appeals and the pro-environmental behavior of materialistic individuals in public (vs private) situations. Methods This study used the material values scale to measure the materialistic extent and employed different advertising pictures. Meanwhile, Study 1(N=593) used the public cue, and Study 2 (N=622) used the eye cue to manipulate public accountability. Environmental donation was an indicator of the pro-environmental behavior. Results Studies 1 and 2 found that the pro-environmental behavior of participants low in materialism was significantly higher than that of participants high in materialism involving other-benefit appeals, while this difference was not significant for pro-environmental behavior involving self-benefit appeals in the private situation. Participants with low and high materialism were not significantly different in the pro-environmental behavior involving self-benefit and other-benefit appeals in the public situation. Conclusion The relationship between materialism and pro-environmental behavior involving self-benefit and other-benefit appeals can be moderated by the public accountability. In the private context, self-benefit appeals led materialistic people to engage in more pro-environmental behavior, while in the public context, the effectiveness of self-benefit and other-benefit appeals on the pro-environmental behavior of materialistic individuals was similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui’e Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Chang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanfei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yiping Zhong, Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 731-88872112, Email
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Virtuous Startups: The Credentialing Power of the Startup Label. ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT DISCOVERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.5465/amd.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Javeed A, Aljuaid M, Khan Z, Mahmood Z, Shahid D. Role of Extrinsic Cues in the Formation of Quality Perceptions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:913836. [PMID: 35959058 PMCID: PMC9359923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining the quality perceptions of consumers has often been recommended as an international research paradigm. This study is grounded in the Pakistani consumer market to evaluate the impact of food packaging cues on perceived product quality. The moderating effect of consumer knowledge was also taken into consideration in the study. A signaling theory was used in the study for its established predictive power in consumer behavior, marketing, and various fields of research. Based on the essence of the signaling theory, this study hypothesized that food packaging cues cast a positive impact on perceived product quality and consumer knowledge moderates these relationships. By using the sample of 504 consumers, data were gathered using the mall intercept method following a multi-stage sampling technique. The responses were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) and Smart Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings of this study unveil that the extrinsic cues' brand name, price, nutritional labels, and precautionary labels were positively and significantly related to the perceived product quality. However, the country of origin cast no impact on the perceived product quality. Consumer knowledge reflected a moderation effect on the relationships between brand name and country of origin with the perceived product quality whereas it exerted no moderation impact on the relationships of price, nutritional labels, and precautionary labels with the perceived product quality. As the results exhibit that Pakistani consumers rely on food packaging cues for perceiving a product, hence it is recommended that marketers and policymakers develop appropriate marketing strategies focused on the significance of food packaging cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Javeed
- Department of Management Sciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
- School of Business Management, University Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Anam Javeed
| | - Mohammed Aljuaid
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zoya Khan
- Department of Management Sciences, Peer Meher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mahmood
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Shahid
- Hult International Business School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiang P, Wang C, Geng L. Polluted belief: the potential effect of air pollution on materialism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Moral Chameleons: The Positive Association between Materialism and Self-interest-triggered Moral Flexibility. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Isham A, Verfuerth C, Armstrong A, Elf P, Gatersleben B, Jackson T. The Problematic Role of Materialistic Values in the Pursuit of Sustainable Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3673. [PMID: 35329360 PMCID: PMC8951562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strong materialistic values help to maintain consumer capitalism, but they can have negative consequences for individual well-being, for social equity and for environmental sustainability. In this paper, we add to the existing literature on the adverse consequences of materialistic values by highlighting their negative association with engagement in attitudes and actions that support the achievement of sustainable well-being. To do this, we explore the links between materialistic values and attitudes towards sufficiency (consuming "just enough") as well as mindfulness (non-judgmental awareness of the present moment) and flow (total immersion in an activity), which have all been linked to increased well-being and more sustainable behaviours. We present results from three correlational studies that examine the association between materialistic values and sufficiency attitudes (Study 1, n = 310), a multi-faceted measure of mindfulness (Study 2, n = 468) and the tendency to experience flow (Study 3, n = 2000). Results show that materialistic values were negatively associated with sufficiency attitudes, mindfulness, and flow experiences. We conclude with practical considerations and suggest next steps for tackling the problematic aspects of materialism and encouraging the development of sustainable well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Isham
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (A.A.); (P.E.); (B.G.); (T.J.)
| | - Caroline Verfuerth
- Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAST), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Alison Armstrong
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (A.A.); (P.E.); (B.G.); (T.J.)
- Present Minds Ltd., Surrey GU7 3EU, UK
| | - Patrick Elf
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (A.A.); (P.E.); (B.G.); (T.J.)
- Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research (CEEDR), Middlesex University Business School, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Birgitta Gatersleben
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (A.A.); (P.E.); (B.G.); (T.J.)
| | - Tim Jackson
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (A.A.); (P.E.); (B.G.); (T.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Huo Y. Effect of Materialism on Pro-environmental Behavior Among Youth in China: The Role of Nature Connectedness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:794816. [PMID: 35273540 PMCID: PMC8902253 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.794816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed three studies to explore the effect of materialistic values on pro-environmental behavior among youth and the mediated role of nature connectedness between materialistic values and pro-environmental behavior. Through a self-report questionnaire survey (Study 1) and an experimental manipulation of materialistic values (Study 2), we found that materialistic values negatively predicted pro-environmental behavior, and that nature connectedness played a mediating role. Further, we used natural contact strategies to control the level of nature connectedness, and found that the negative impact of high materialistic values on pro-environment behavior decreased with the increase of nature connectedness, further supporting the mediating role of nature connectedness (Study 3). These results may contribute to the design of strategies that effectively mitigate the negative effects of materialistic values on pro-environmental behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongquan Huo
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Materialistic Value Orientation and Wellbeing. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 46:101337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Zawadzka AM, Borchet J, Iwanowska M, Lewandowska-Walter A. Can Self-Esteem Help Teens Resist Unhealthy Influence of Materialistic Goals Promoted By Role Models? Front Psychol 2022; 12:687388. [PMID: 35058828 PMCID: PMC8764233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the role of self-esteem in resisting the influence of materialistic goals of four social role models (mother, father, peers, and media) in adolescents (aged 13–16). Previous studies showed a negative correlation between the psychological health of teens and striving for materialistic goals, one of the main sources is the social modeling of materialism. Two studies were carried out. The first, correlational study, was conducted on target teens and their mothers, fathers, and peers of their choice. It examined if self-esteem is a moderator of the relationship between the materialism of social role models (mothers, fathers, peers, and media) and the materialism of teens. The second, experimental study, was conducted on target teens only. It examined how boosting the self-esteem of teens and activating materialism of social role models (mothers, fathers, peers, and media) may affect the materialism of teens. Study 1 showed a significant interaction effect of self-esteem and the materialism of peers on the materialism of teens. The interaction effects of self-esteem and other role models (parents and media) were not significant. Study 2 showed that elevated self-esteem lowered the influence of the materialism of peers on the materialism of teens. The results were not significant when other role models (parents and media) were analyzed. The results obtained in the presented studies indicate that the self-esteem of teens may have an important role in resisting the influence of materialism role models of peers. Practical implications of the studies for the psychological health of teens are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Zawadzka
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Judyta Borchet
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Iwanowska
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
GUO YY. Enlightenment values of Erich Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2022.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Isham A, Jackson T. Finding flow: exploring the potential for sustainable fulfilment. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e66-e74. [PMID: 34998462 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Materialistic values and lifestyles have been associated with detrimental effects on both personal and planetary health. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify activities and lifestyles that both promote human wellbeing and protect ecological wellbeing. In this Personal View, we explore the dynamics of a psychological state known as flow, in which people are shown to experience high levels of wellbeing through involvement in challenging activities that require some level of skill, and can often involve less materially intensive activities. By synthesising the results of a series of experience sampling, survey, and experimental studies, we identify optimal activities that are shown to have low environmental costs and high levels of human wellbeing. We also confirm that materialistic values tend to undermine people's ability to experience a flow state. In seeking to understand the reasons for this negative association between materialism and flow experiences, we are drawn towards a key role for what psychologists call self-regulation. We show, in particular, that the tendency to experience a flow state can be limited when self-regulatory strength is low and when people evade rather than confront negative or undesirable thoughts and situations. We reflect on the implications of these findings for the prospect of sustainable and fulfilling lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Isham
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Tim Jackson
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Situational materialism increases climate change scepticism in men compared to women. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
25
|
Schmitt HJ, Young IF, Keefer LA, Palitsky R, Stewart SA, Goad AN, Sullivan D. Time-Space Distanciation as a Decolonizing Framework for Psychology. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680211002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coloniality describes the way in which racialized conceptions of being, personhood, and morality inherent in colonial regimes are maintained long after the formal end of colonial enterprises. Central to coloniality has been the material and psychological colonization of space and time, largely by Western and industrialized nations. We propose the importance of understanding the coloniality of time and space through a historically grounded framework called time-space distanciation (TSD). This framework posits that via the global spread of capitalism through colonization, psychological understandings of time and space have been separated from one another, such that they are now normatively treated as distinct entities, each with their own abstract and quantifiable value. We discuss the construct and its centrality to coloniality, as well as the ways in which contemporary psychology has been complicit in proliferating the coloniality of psychologies of time and space. Finally, we discuss ways to employ the decolonial strategies of denaturalization, indigenization, and accompaniment in the context of future research on the psychology of time and space. TSD contributes to decolonial efforts by combatting the reification of hegemonic psychological constructs, showing how these constructs arise as a function of historical changes in understanding, experience, and use of time and space.
Collapse
|
26
|
Managing the retention or divestment of material possessions in the transition to retirement: implications for sustainable consumption and for later-life wellbeing. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been argued that lifecourse transitions are transformative moments for individuals when lifestyles, habits and behaviours are potentially open to contemplation and change. Within sustainability research such ‘moments of change’ are regarded as offering potential to encourage less environmentally damaging consumption patterns. Research on consumption indicates that orientations to material goods and their affective significance are complex. Whilst sociological work understands attachment to things as integral to maintaining kinship relations, this is hard to reconcile with long-standing moral concerns about materialism and psychological research which indicates a negative relationship between the acquisition of material objects and wellbeing, and the environmental implications of acquiring and divesting ‘stuff’. Yet there has been little engagement with how older people orient to their material possessions and divestment, the implications of this for later-life wellbeing and for environmental sustainability. In this paper, we draw these different strands of work together to understand how retirees relate to their material possessions and their divestment. Drawing on serial interviews with individuals in the United Kingdom, we explore how the transition to retirement highlights the complexity of participants’ attachment to things. While some items had profound relational significance, others were experienced as troublesome. Decisions on what to divest were shaped by pragmatic considerations and levels of attachment, whilst modes of divestment were aligned with values of thrift.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang X, Chen Z, G Krumhuber E, Chen H. Money and flexible generosity. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:1262-1278. [PMID: 33604913 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on money and prosociality has described a monotonic pattern, showing that money reduces generosity. The present research aimed to examine whether money differently impairs generosity when arising from altruistic versus egoistic motives. To this end, we employed economic games designed to study generosity (e.g., the Dictator game) and varied experimental currency (i.e., money vs. candy/food). The results (N = 850) showed that although money made people ignore others when others were not crucial for their future gain, generosity was not impacted when egoistic motives (Study 1: avoiding sanctions; Studies 2 and 3: building reputation) were present. In other words, although people in general showed flexible prosociality by adjusting their generosity level according to game type, this was much more strongly the case when money rather than candy/food was the currency. In addition, we demonstrate a boundary condition of money on flexible generosity, namely imbuing money with prosocial meaning (Study 3). Some implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xijing Wang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eva G Krumhuber
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Keefer LA, Rothschild ZK. Attachment Anxiety Mitigates the Well-Being Costs of Object Attachment. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Clinical and personality research consistently demonstrates that people can form unhealthy and problematic attachments to material possessions. To better understand this tendency, the current paper extends past research demonstrating that anxieties about other people motivate these attachments. These findings suggest that although object attachment generally correlates with poorer well-being, it may attenuate well-being deficits associated with insecurity about close relationships. The current paper presents two studies using converging correlational ( N = 394) and diary methods ( N = 413) to test whether object attachments’ association with poorer well-being is moderated by relationship uncertainties. We find that both trait (Study 1) and state (Study 2) insecurities about others eliminated, and in some cases reversed, the negative psychological correlates of object attachment. These effects, however, were only observed when focusing on between-person variation in both studies; within-person analysis demonstrated that state variation in object attachment predicted better psychological well-being. These results highlight a need for more nuanced studies of object attachment and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Keefer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Consumerism at work and its relationship to employees’ personal goals, self-concept clarity, well-being and growth mindset. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2021. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2020.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
30
|
Hoogeveen S, Sarafoglou A, Wagenmakers EJ. Laypeople Can Predict Which Social-Science Studies Will Be Replicated Successfully. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245920919667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale collaborative projects recently demonstrated that several key findings from the social-science literature could not be replicated successfully. Here, we assess the extent to which a finding’s replication success relates to its intuitive plausibility. Each of 27 high-profile social-science findings was evaluated by 233 people without a Ph.D. in psychology. Results showed that these laypeople predicted replication success with above-chance accuracy (i.e., 59%). In addition, when participants were informed about the strength of evidence from the original studies, this boosted their prediction performance to 67%. We discuss the prediction patterns and apply signal detection theory to disentangle detection ability from response bias. Our study suggests that laypeople’s predictions contain useful information for assessing the probability that a given finding will be replicated successfully.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang X, Chen Z, Krumhuber EG. Money: An Integrated Review and Synthesis From a Psychological Perspective. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1089268020905316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many empirical studies have demonstrated the psychological effects of various aspects of money, including the aspiration for money, mere thoughts about money, possession of money, and placement of people in economic contexts. Although multiple aspects of money and varied methodologies have been focused on and implemented, the underlying mechanisms of the empirical findings from these seemingly isolated areas significantly overlap. In this article, we operationalize money as a broad concept and take a novel approach by providing an integrated review of the literature and identifying five major streams of mechanisms: (a) self-focused behavior; (b) inhibited other-oriented behavior; (c) favoring of a self–other distinction; (d) money’s relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy; and (e) goal pursuit, objectification, outcome maximization, and unethicality. Moreover, we propose a unified psychological perspective for the future—money as an embodiment of social distinction—which could potentially account for past findings and generate future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xijing Wang
- The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
The effect of materialistic social models on teenagers’ materialistic aspirations: Results from priming experiments. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Forscher PS, Lai CK, Axt JR, Ebersole CR, Herman M, Devine PG, Nosek BA. A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures. J Pers Soc Psychol 2019; 117:522-559. [PMID: 31192631 PMCID: PMC6687518 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel technique known as network meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence from 492 studies (87,418 participants) to investigate the effectiveness of procedures in changing implicit measures, which we define as response biases on implicit tasks. We also evaluated these procedures' effects on explicit and behavioral measures. We found that implicit measures can be changed, but effects are often relatively weak (|ds| < .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population values. Procedures changed explicit measures less consistently and to a smaller degree than implicit measures and generally produced trivial changes in behavior. Finally, changes in implicit measures did not mediate changes in explicit measures or behavior. Our findings suggest that changes in implicit measures are possible, but those changes do not necessarily translate into changes in explicit measures or behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Calvin K. Lai
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jordan R. Axt
- Center for Advanced Hindsight, Duke University, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | | | | | - Brian A. Nosek
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Virginia
- Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, VA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Exploring Socio-Cognitive Mindfulness in the Context of Sustainable Consumption. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11133692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness has been presented as a consumer characteristic mitigating negative environmental effects of overconsumption. This study argues that consumers’ propensity to engage in sustainable consumption behaviors additionally depends on individual values and beliefs, developing a more nuanced view of mindfulness in this particular domain of consumer behavior. Based on an online survey among 546 American consumers, the study finds that mindfulness not only affects a set of sustainable consumption behaviors directly, but also has an impact on environmental concern and perceived consumer effectiveness, accounting for an indirect positive effect of mindfulness through these values and beliefs. Materialism is negatively associated with mindfulness. However, certain forms of sustainable consumption behaviors may offer a pathway for materialist consumers to participate in sustainable consumption. Research findings indicate that increased mindfulness may be effective in changing daily consumption routines, helping to reduce negative environmental impacts of overconsumption, particularly in populations with increased environmental concern and perceived consumer effectiveness.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Hawk ST. Considering the Self in the Link Between Self-Esteem and Materialistic Values: The Moderating Role of Self-Construal. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1375. [PMID: 31293471 PMCID: PMC6604722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies consistently show that materialism might be a strategy people use to cope with low self-esteem. This link might differ among people holding different definitions of the "self" in terms of their relationships with others, however. This research examined the link between self-esteem and materialistic values from the perspective of how people define the self, or their self-construal. In three studies, we explored the moderating role of self-construal in the link between Chinese participants' self-esteem and materialistic values. Through a self-report survey (Study 1, N = 422), experimental manipulation of self-construal (Study 2, N = 151), and experimental manipulation of both self-esteem and self-construal (Study 3, N = 123), results indicated that self-esteem and self-construal interacted in predicting materialistic values. Specifically, self-esteem negatively predicted materialistic values when interdependent self-construal was low, but not when it was high. We suggest that individuals' pursuit of materialism under conditions of low self-esteem might depend on how they define the "self."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Skyler T. Hawk
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Castro-Sánchez E, Iwami M, Ahmad R, Atun R, Holmes AH. Articulating citizen participation in national anti-microbial resistance plans: a comparison of European countries. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:928-934. [PMID: 29982459 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background National action plans determine country responses to anti-microbial resistance (AMR). These plans include interventions aimed at citizens. As the language used in documents could persuade certain behaviours, we sought to assess the positioning and implied responsibilities of citizens in current European AMR plans. This understanding could lead to improved policies and interventions. Methods Review and comparison of national action plans for AMR (NAP-AMR) obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (plans from 28 European Union and four European Economic Area/European Free Trade Association countries), supplemented by European experts (June-September 2016). To capture geographical diversity, 11 countries were purposively sampled for content and discourse analyses using frameworks of lay participation in healthcare organization, delivery and decision-making. Results Countries were at different stages of NAP-AMR development (60% completed, 25% in-process, 9% no plan). The volume allocated to citizen roles in the plans ranged from 0.3 to 18%. The term 'citizen' was used by three countries, trailing behind 'patients' and 'public' (9/11), 'general population' (6/11) and 'consumers' (6/11). Increased citizen awareness about AMR was pursued by ∼2/3 plans. Supporting interventions included awareness campaigns (11/11), training/education (7/11) or materials during clinical encounters (4/11). Prevention of infection transmission or self-care behaviours were much less emphasized. Personal/individual and social/collective role perspectives seemed more frequently stimulated in Nordic countries. Conclusion Citizen roles in AMR plans are not fully articulated. Documents could employ direct language to emphasise social or collective responsibilities in optimal antibiotic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Castro-Sánchez
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michiyo Iwami
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raheelah Ahmad
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK.,Health Group, Management Department, Imperial College Business School, London, UK
| | - Rifat Atun
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Global Health Systems Cluster, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison H Holmes
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Responding to Max Weber’s dour predictions, we enlist Antonio Gramsci’s optimism to suggest how culture can spike development. Weber’s sociological focus took culture to mean shared beliefs and practices. As a culture that derives from the Protestant Ethic, capitalism waged a “war on pleasure.” Weber warned that this unfeeling rationality would generate an “iron cage” to trap our humanity, but his book has been read, paradoxically, as a manual for the lock down. Gramsci, on the contrary, understood culture in its humanistic sense, as a field of aesthetic pleasure, innovation, and debate. For him, a precondition for transformational social change was the broad engagement of masses as empowered collectives (Weber favored charismatic leaders); and pleasure in idiosyncratic forms of artistic as well as rooted expression was the fuel for participating in personal and shared advances. This pleasure in art and collective interpretation contrasts with the exclusionary rituals of commodified pleasure typical of capitalist consumerism. Gramsci’s confidence in the transformational role of creative culture provides a framework for understanding a new wave of inclusive artistic practices that originate in the Global South and that revive the arts as vehicles for active citizenship. Participatory art can re-enchant today’s sorely disenchanted socio-cultural world of mature capitalism.
Collapse
|
38
|
Klein RA, Vianello M, Hasselman F, Adams BG, Adams RB, Alper S, Aveyard M, Axt JR, Babalola MT, Bahník Š, Batra R, Berkics M, Bernstein MJ, Berry DR, Bialobrzeska O, Binan ED, Bocian K, Brandt MJ, Busching R, Rédei AC, Cai H, Cambier F, Cantarero K, Carmichael CL, Ceric F, Chandler J, Chang JH, Chatard A, Chen EE, Cheong W, Cicero DC, Coen S, Coleman JA, Collisson B, Conway MA, Corker KS, Curran PG, Cushman F, Dagona ZK, Dalgar I, Dalla Rosa A, Davis WE, de Bruijn M, De Schutter L, Devos T, de Vries M, Doğulu C, Dozo N, Dukes KN, Dunham Y, Durrheim K, Ebersole CR, Edlund JE, Eller A, English AS, Finck C, Frankowska N, Freyre MÁ, Friedman M, Galliani EM, Gandi JC, Ghoshal T, Giessner SR, Gill T, Gnambs T, Gómez Á, González R, Graham J, Grahe JE, Grahek I, Green EGT, Hai K, Haigh M, Haines EL, Hall MP, Heffernan ME, Hicks JA, Houdek P, Huntsinger JR, Huynh HP, IJzerman H, Inbar Y, Innes-Ker ÅH, Jiménez-Leal W, John MS, Joy-Gaba JA, Kamiloğlu RG, Kappes HB, Karabati S, Karick H, Keller VN, Kende A, Kervyn N, Knežević G, Kovacs C, Krueger LE, Kurapov G, Kurtz J, Lakens D, Lazarević LB, Levitan CA, Lewis NA, Lins S, Lipsey NP, Losee JE, Maassen E, Maitner AT, Malingumu W, Mallett RK, Marotta SA, Međedović J, Mena-Pacheco F, Milfont TL, Morris WL, Murphy SC, Myachykov A, Neave N, Neijenhuijs K, Nelson AJ, Neto F, Lee Nichols A, Ocampo A, O’Donnell SL, Oikawa H, Oikawa M, Ong E, Orosz G, Osowiecka M, Packard G, Pérez-Sánchez R, Petrović B, Pilati R, Pinter B, Podesta L, Pogge G, Pollmann MMH, Rutchick AM, Saavedra P, Saeri AK, Salomon E, Schmidt K, Schönbrodt FD, Sekerdej MB, Sirlopú D, Skorinko JLM, Smith MA, Smith-Castro V, Smolders KCHJ, Sobkow A, Sowden W, Spachtholz P, Srivastava M, Steiner TG, Stouten J, Street CNH, Sundfelt OK, Szeto S, Szumowska E, Tang ACW, Tanzer N, Tear MJ, Theriault J, Thomae M, Torres D, Traczyk J, Tybur JM, Ujhelyi A, van Aert RCM, van Assen MALM, van der Hulst M, van Lange PAM, van ’t Veer AE, Vásquez- Echeverría A, Ann Vaughn L, Vázquez A, Vega LD, Verniers C, Verschoor M, Voermans IPJ, Vranka MA, Welch C, Wichman AL, Williams LA, Wood M, Woodzicka JA, Wronska MK, Young L, Zelenski JM, Zhijia Z, Nosek BA. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245918810225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion ( p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Klein
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Michelangelo Vianello
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | - Fred Hasselman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
| | - Byron G. Adams
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg
| | | | | | - Mark Aveyard
- Department of International Studies, American University of Sharjah
| | | | | | - Štěpán Bahník
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics, Prague
| | - Rishtee Batra
- Erivan K. Haub School of Business, Saint Joseph’s University
| | | | - Michael J. Bernstein
- Psychological and Social Sciences Program, Pennsylvania State University Abington
| | - Daniel R. Berry
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos
| | - Olga Bialobrzeska
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Konrad Bocian
- Sopot Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | | | | | - Huajian Cai
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Fanny Cambier
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Katarzyna Cantarero
- Social Behavior Research Centre, Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Francisco Ceric
- Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad del Desarrollo
- Centro de Apego y Regulacion Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo
| | - Jesse Chandler
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
- Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Jen-Ho Chang
- Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University
| | - Armand Chatard
- Department of Psychology, Poitiers University
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7295, Poitiers, France
| | - Eva E. Chen
- Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Sharon Coen
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, University of Salford
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilker Dalgar
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University
| | - Anna Dalla Rosa
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | | | | | - Leander De Schutter
- Leadership and Human Resource Management, WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management
| | - Thierry Devos
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | - Marieke de Vries
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
- Tilburg Institute for Behavioral Economics Research, Tilburg University
| | | | - Nerisa Dozo
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland
| | | | | | - Kevin Durrheim
- School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | | | - John E. Edlund
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology
| | - Anja Eller
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | | | - Carolyn Finck
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
| | - Natalia Frankowska
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Mike Friedman
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Elisa Maria Galliani
- Department of Political and Juridical Sciences and International Studies, University of Padua
| | - Joshua C. Gandi
- Department of General and Applied Psychology, University of Jos
| | - Tanuka Ghoshal
- Department of Marketing and International Business, Baruch College, CUNY
| | - Steffen R. Giessner
- Department of Organisation and Personnel Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
| | - Tripat Gill
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University
| | - Timo Gnambs
- Educational Measurement, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany
- Institute of Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Ángel Gómez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Grahek
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Eva G. T. Green
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne
| | - Kakul Hai
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University
| | | | | | | | - Marie E. Heffernan
- Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua A. Hicks
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University
| | - Petr Houdek
- Department of Economics and Management, Faculty of Social and Economic Studies, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University
| | | | - Ho Phi Huynh
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio
| | - Hans IJzerman
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough
| | | | | | - Melissa-Sue John
- Department of Social Science and Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
| | | | | | | | - Serdar Karabati
- Department of Business Administration, Istanbul Bilgi University
| | - Haruna Karick
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
- Department of General and Applied Psychology, University of Jos
| | - Victor N. Keller
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Goran Knežević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
| | - Carrie Kovacs
- Department of Work, Organizational and Media Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Lacy E. Krueger
- Department of Psychology & Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce
| | - German Kurapov
- International Victimology Institute Tilburg, Tilburg University
| | - Jamie Kurtz
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University
| | - Daniël Lakens
- School of Innovation Science, Eindhoven University of Technology
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Lins
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | | | | | - Esther Maassen
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University
| | | | - Winfrida Malingumu
- Department of Education Policy Planning and Administration, Faculty of Education, Open University of Tanzania
| | | | | | - Janko Međedović
- Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Taciano L. Milfont
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, Victoria University of Wellington
| | | | - Sean C. Murphy
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne
| | | | - Nick Neave
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University
| | - Koen Neijenhuijs
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Félix Neto
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | | | - Aaron Ocampo
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Elsie Ong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Professional and Continuing Education (LiPACE), The Open University of Hong Kong
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University
| | | | - Grant Packard
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University
| | | | - Boban Petrović
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ronaldo Pilati
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia
| | - Brad Pinter
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Lysandra Podesta
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander K. Saeri
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University
| | - Erika Salomon
- Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago
| | - Kathleen Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Agata Sobkow
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Walter Sowden
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Manini Srivastava
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science and Physical Education, University of Regensburg
| | | | - Jeroen Stouten
- Occupational & Organisational Psychology and Professional Learning, KU Leuven
| | | | | | - Stephanie Szeto
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, University of Salford
| | - Ewa Szumowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków
| | - Andrew C. W. Tang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Professional and Continuing Education (LiPACE), The Open University of Hong Kong
| | | | - Morgan J. Tear
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University
| | | | | | - David Torres
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Iberoamerica
| | - Jakub Traczyk
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Joshua M. Tybur
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Adrienn Ujhelyi
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Marije van der Hulst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Vázquez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | - Catherine Verniers
- Institute of Psychology, Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Mark Verschoor
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Marek A. Vranka
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University
| | - Cheryl Welch
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University
| | - Aaron L. Wichman
- Department of Psychological Science, Western Kentucky University
| | | | - Michael Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Winchester
| | | | - Marta K. Wronska
- Sopot Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | | | - Zeng Zhijia
- Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics
| | - Brian A. Nosek
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
- Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Watson DC. Self-compassion, the 'quiet ego' and materialism. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00883. [PMID: 30417148 PMCID: PMC6218407 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The research is an investigation of self-compassion and materialism. Self-compassion is when an individual has a caring, non-judgmental view of the self. This quality has been related to lower depression, less negative emotion and higher psychological health (Neff, 2003). Materialism has been consistently associated with low subjective well-being and unhappiness. A related concept is that of the ‘quiet ego’, which is a less competitive, less self-centered individual with more concern with connecting with others and with personal growth (Wayment et al., 2015). Therefore, it is hypothesized that highly materialistic individuals will be lower in self-compassion and have a fear of compassion from others and towards others and that self-compassion and fears of compassion will mediate the relationship between materialism and low subjective well-being. As materialistic individuals are more likely to be competitive and individualistic, it is hypothesized that the ‘quiet ego’ will be negatively related to materialism. These hypotheses were investigated using a set of questionnaires with 423 undergraduate participants. The results indicated a relationship between materialism and fear of compassion for others and of responding to the compassion of others. Materialism was also negatively related to the ‘quiet ego’ and related constructs such as: mindfulness, satisfaction with life and generativity. Self-compassion, fears of compassion and the quiet-ego were also found to mediate the relationship between materialism and measures of well-being. The results are consistent with several theoretical explanations for the development of materialism. It is possible that increasing self-compassion, reducing fears of compassion and ‘ego-quieting’ procedures could be developed as methods of reducing materialistic tendencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Watson
- MacEwan University, Department of Psychology, CCC-6-374, 10700 104 Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang X, Krumhuber EG, Gratch J. The interpersonal effects of emotions in money versus candy games. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Boyce CJ, Delaney L, Wood AM. The Great Recession and subjective well-being: How did the life satisfaction of people living in the United Kingdom change following the financial crisis? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201215. [PMID: 30157180 PMCID: PMC6114278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The financial crisis of 2007/08 precipitated a severe global economic downturn, typically referred to as the Great Recession. However, in the United Kingdom this period has been marked by limited change in national indicators of subjective well-being. We assessed the life satisfaction change in response to the Great Recession in a sample of British adults (N = 8,661). We first show that on average the life satisfaction change across the sample was limited. However, average effects may mask substantial amounts of heterogeneity in the data. We therefore explore beyond this average effect to determine whether there were disproportionate changes (losses and gains) in life satisfaction in key sub-groups of the population. We found that individuals experiencing unemployment, who lost income, were sick or disabled, experienced the greatest well-being reductions. Contrastingly the life satisfaction of many individuals did not greatly change following the Great Recession and for some it may have even improved. Our work highlights vulnerable groups that may need additional help during recession periods and also cautions against the over reliance on average measures of well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Boyce
- Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Liam Delaney
- Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
- UCD Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Bellfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex M. Wood
- Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Carew PJ. Symbiosis or assimilation: critical reflections on the ontological self at the precipice of Total Data. AI & SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00146-017-0729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
44
|
Phelps JM, White CM. Social psychology and neoliberalism: A critical commentary on McDonald, Gough, Wearing, and Deville (2017). JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
45
|
Pennie B, Kelly ME. An examination of generalised implicit biases towards ‘wanting more’ as a proxy measure of materialistic behaviour: A Relational Frame Theory (RFT) perspective. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
The Effect of Materialistic Value-Orientation on Religiosity in Bangladesh: An Empirical Investigation. RELIGIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rel9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rising middle-class of the developing nations is found to be emphasizing more on the acquisition of goods and property in the pursuit of the good life. This often leads towards the materialistic value-orientation and form materialism. Religiosity, conversely, implies restraining from the earthy pleasure in the form of happy life, and often imposes prohibitory behavioral rules in the economic sphere. Hence, ‘Materialism’ and ‘Religiosity’ are two of the most incompatible yet dominant components of normative value-systems that are always in contention with each other. Literature is abundant to relate ‘Emotional Connection’, ‘Subjective Well-Being’, ‘Happiness’ or ‘Life Satisfaction’ with that of ‘Materialism’ and ‘Religiosity’; nonetheless, what is hardly addressed is the effect of materialistic value-orientation to the religiosity in the transitional societies. This paper investigates materialism and religiosity in the developing economy context like Bangladesh and outlines the underlying relationships between the constructs. A survey on a sample of four hundred and twelve (412) respondents using self-administered questionnaires is the source of quantitative information that is used to formulate the tentative explanations of the variables of interest. Age is considered as a moderator. A negative relationship between the level of materialism and religiosity is found, if materialism is considered as a reflective construct, and religiosity is treated as a second-order formative construct in the structural equation modeling.
Collapse
|
47
|
Mine is better than yours: Investigating the ownership effect in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. Cognition 2017; 172:26-36. [PMID: 29216519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ownership has a unique and privileged influence on human psychology. Typically developing (TD) children judge their objects to be more desirable and valuable than similar objects belonging to others. This 'ownership effect' is due to processing one's property in relation to 'the self'. Here we explore whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - a population with impaired self-understanding - prefer and over-value property due to ownership. In Experiment 1, we discovered that children with ASD did not favour a randomly endowed toy and frequently traded for a different object. By contrast, TD children showed a clear preference for their randomly endowed toy and traded infrequently. Both populations also demonstrated highly-accurate tracking of owner-object relationships. Experiment 2 showed that both TD children and children with ASD over-value their toys if they are self-selected and different from other-owned toys. Unlike TD children, children with ASD did not over-value their toys in comparison to non-owned identical copies. This finding was replicated in Experiment 3, which also established that mere ownership elicited over-valuation of randomly endowed property in TD children. However, children with ASD did not consistently regard their randomly endowed toys as the most valuable, and evaluated property irrespective of ownership. Our findings show that mere ownership increases preferences and valuations for self-owned property in TD children, but not children with ASD. We propose that deficits in self-understanding may diminish ownership effects in ASD, eliciting a more economically-rational strategy that prioritises material qualities (e.g. what a toy is) rather than whom it belongs to.
Collapse
|
48
|
Longitudinal relations between adolescents' materialism and prosocial behavior toward family, friends, and strangers. J Adolesc 2017; 62:162-170. [PMID: 29197702 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the short-term changes and longitudinal relations between adolescents' materialism and prosocial behavior toward family, friends, and strangers over a year. A total of 434 Chinese adolescents (mean age at Time 1 = 11.27; 54% girls) participated in the two time points. From 6th grade to 7th grade, boys' and girls' materialism increased, whereas their prosocial behavior toward family, friends, and strangers declined, despite the stable trend in boys' prosocial behavior toward strangers. Furthermore, a cross-lagged model was conducted and the results showed that, adolescent materialism was associated longitudinally with decreased prosocial behavior toward friends and strangers, but not toward family. However, earlier prosocial behavior toward family, friends, and strangers were not associated with subsequent adolescent materialism. The findings point toward an understanding of materialism as a precursor rather than an outcome or byproduct to prosocial behavior.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chrabaszcz JS, Tidwell JW, Dougherty MR. Crowdsourcing prior information to improve study design and data analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188246. [PMID: 29145511 PMCID: PMC5690646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Though Bayesian methods are being used more frequently, many still struggle with the best method for setting priors with novel measures or task environments. We propose a method for setting priors by eliciting continuous probability distributions from naive participants. This allows us to include any relevant information participants have for a given effect. Even when prior means are near-zero, this method provides a principle way to estimate dispersion and produce shrinkage, reducing the occurrence of overestimated effect sizes. We demonstrate this method with a number of published studies and compare the effect of different prior estimation and aggregation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Chrabaszcz
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Joe W. Tidwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Dougherty
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kasser T. Living both well and sustainably: a review of the literature, with some reflections on future research, interventions and policy. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2016.0369. [PMID: 28461433 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The idea that human well-being (WB) can be supported and even enhanced by using, producing, buying, selling and consuming less 'stuff' is anathema to many living under consumer capitalism. Yet a growing research literature actually finds that frequent engagement in pro-ecological behaviours (PEBs) is positively correlated with personal WB. This paper reviews data relevant to three possible explanations for the apparent compatibility of PEBs and WB: (i) engaging in PEBs leads to psychological need satisfaction, which in turn causes WB; (ii) being in a good mood causes people to engage in more prosocial behaviours, including PEBs; and (iii) personal characteristics and lifestyles such as intrinsic values, mindfulness and voluntary simplicity cause both PEBs and WB. Because each explanation has some empirical support, I close by reflecting on some relevant interventions and policies that could strengthen each of these three pathways and thereby promote living both well and sustainably.This article is part of the themed issue 'Material demand reduction'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kasser
- Department of Psychology, Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401, USA
| |
Collapse
|