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Zhao X, Liu S, Li S, Jiang W, Wang J, Xiao J, Chen T, Ma J, Khan MZ, Wang W, Li M, Li S, Cao Z. Unlocking the power of postbiotics: A revolutionary approach to nutrition for humans and animals. Cell Metab 2024; 36:725-744. [PMID: 38569470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Postbiotics, which comprise inanimate microorganisms or their constituents, have recently gained significant attention for their potential health benefits. Extensive research on postbiotics has uncovered many beneficial effects on hosts, including antioxidant activity, immunomodulatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, and enhancement of epithelial barrier function. Although these features resemble those of probiotics, the stability and safety of postbiotics make them an appealing alternative. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the latest research on postbiotics, emphasizing their positive impacts on both human and animal health. As our understanding of the influence of postbiotics on living organisms continues to grow, their application in clinical and nutritional settings, as well as animal husbandry, is expected to expand. Moreover, by substituting postbiotics for antibiotics, we can promote health and productivity while minimizing adverse effects. This alternative approach holds immense potential for improving health outcomes and revolutionizing the food and animal products industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Elmileegy IMH, Waly HSA, Alghriany AAI, Abou Khalil NS, Mahmoud SMM, Negm EA. Gallic acid rescues uranyl acetate induced-hepatic dysfunction in rats by its antioxidant and cytoprotective potentials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:423. [PMID: 37993853 PMCID: PMC10664358 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver was identified as a primary target organ for the chemo-radiological effects of uranyl acetate (UA). Although the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of gallic acid (GA) make it a promising phytochemical to resist its hazards, there is no available data in this area of research. METHODS To address this issue, eighteen rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups. One group was received carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle of GA) and kept as a control. The UA group was injected intraperitoneally with UA at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The third group (GA + UA group) was treated with GA orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 14 days before UA exposure. UA was injected on the 15th day of the experiment in either the UA group or the GA + UA group. The biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical findings in the GA + UA group were compared to both control and UA groups. RESULTS The results showed that UA exposure led to a range of adverse effects. These included elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein and decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The exposure also disrupted the redox balance, evident through decreased plasma total antioxidant capacity and hepatic nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and increased hepatic oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde. Plasma levels of albumin and alanine aminotransferase did not significantly change in all groups. Histopathological analysis revealed damage to liver tissue, characterized by deteriorations in tissue structure, excessive collagen accumulation, and depletion of glycogen. Furthermore, UA exposure up-regulated the immuno-expression of cleaved caspase-3 and down-regulated the immuno-expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 in hepatic tissues, indicating an induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress response. However, the pre-treatment with GA proved to be effective in mitigating these negative effects induced by UA exposure, except for the disturbances in the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that GA has the potential to act as a protective agent against the adverse effects of UA exposure on the liver. Its ability to restore redox balance and inhibit apoptosis makes it a promising candidate for countering the harmful effects of chemo-radiological agents such as UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam M H Elmileegy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Hanan S A Waly
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Sara M M Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Eman A Negm
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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Zarei MH, Farzan M, Dehkordi ES, Lorigooini Z, Moradi MT. The effect of infusion time on Echium amoenum extract -induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicon 2023; 229:107133. [PMID: 37127122 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Echium amoenum is an annual herb native to the northern mountains of Iran which has medicinal application. Petals of Echium amoenum (Gole-Gavzaban) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in Iranian folk medicine. The dry petals of E. amoenum have long been used as a sedative, tonic, anxiolytic and as a treatment for sore throat, cough and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that petals of E. amoenum contain four toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids but conflicting results have been acquired in experimental studies investigating the hepatotoxicy of E. amoenum. However, the direct effect of E. amoenum on liver cells and the complete mechanisms of its possible cytotoxic effects toward these cells remain to be defined. The main aim of this study was to assay the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of E. amoenum toward hepG2 cells. E. amoenum extract was obtained by infusion of dried petals in hot water (90 centigrade) for 15 or 30 min. Cell viability and mechanistic parameters were determined following 12 h incubation of hepG2 with E. amoenum extract that was obtained after 15 or 30 min infusion. The results indicated that E. amoenum extract exerts cytotoxic effects on hepG2 cells, probably through mitochondrial and lysosomal damage induced by glutathione depletion and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Zarei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahour Farzan
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Soleiman Dehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Moradi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Campoy-Diaz AD, Malanga G, Giraud-Billoud M, Vega IA. Changes in the oxidative status and damage by non-essential elements in the digestive gland of the gastropod Pomacea canaliculata. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123977. [PMID: 37035656 PMCID: PMC10073435 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The freshwater gastropod Pomacea canaliculata fulfills the ideal conditions of a bioindicator species since its digestive gland bioconcentrates elements toxic for human and ecosystems health. The aim of this work was to study the balance between production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses, and the generation of oxidative damage in the digestive gland of this mollusk after exposure (96 h) to three elements with differential affinities for functional biological groups: mercury (5.5 μg/L of Hg+2 as HgCl2), arsenic [500 μg/L of (AsO4)-3 as Na3AsO47H2O], or uranium [700 μg/L of (UO2)+2 as UO2(CH2COOH)2]. Bioconcentration factors of Hg, As, and U were 25, 23, and 53, respectively. Snails exhibited a sustained increase of reactive species (RS), and protein and lipid damage. Lipid radicals increased between 72 and 96 h, respectively, in snails exposed to U and Hg while this parameter changed early (24 h) in As- exposed snails. Snails showed protein damage, reaching maximum values at different endpoints. This redox disbalance was partially compensated by non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses α-tocopherol (α-T), β-carotene (β-C), uric acid, metallothionein (MTs). Snails consumed α-T and β-C in an element-dependent manner. The digestive gland consumed rapidly uric acid and this molecule was not recovered at 96 h. Digestive gland showed a significant increase in MTs after elemental exposure at different endpoints. The enzymatic antioxidant defenses, represented by the catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, seems to be not necessary for the early stages of the oxidative process by metals. This work is the first attempt to elucidate cellular mechanisms involved in the tolerance of this gastropod to non-essential elements. The bioconcentration factors and changes in the oxidative status and damage confirm that this species can be used as a bioindicator species of metal pollution in freshwater bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra D. Campoy-Diaz
- IHEM—CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud-Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud
- IHEM—CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud-Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Israel A. Vega
- IHEM—CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Israel A. Vega, ,
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Pourahmad J, Salami M, Zarei MH. Comparative Toxic Effect of Bulk Copper Oxide (CuO) and CuO Nanoparticles on Human Red Blood Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:149-155. [PMID: 35378668 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of red blood cell is associated with anemia and other pathological status; hence, the hemolytic effects of all chemicals and particles which come into contact with blood components must be considered. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles are potential substitutes for common material and particles, and assessment of their effect on blood components is a necessary part of their safety evaluation. High surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles may cause their toxic effects differ from those observed for bulk material. The aim of this study was to compare the hemolytic effects of CuO nanoparticles and bulk CuO. Red blood cells were isolated from blood of healthy subjects and hemolytic effects assayed following treatment of cells with 0.005-0.25 mM of CuO (bulk and nanoparticles) for 6 h. For assessment of other parameters, cells were incubated with 0.01, 0.05, and 0.25 mM of CuO nanoparticles and bulk CuO for 1, 2, and 3 h. Our results demonstrate that CuO nanoparticles, in particular, caused toxic hemolytic effects in concentration-dependent manner, and this effect maybe through formation of ROS, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, CuO nanoparticles are shown to effectively destruct human red blood cells in comparison to bulk CuO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Science, Qom University, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zarei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Taranu I, Pistol GC, Anghel AC, Marin D, Bulgaru C. Yeast-Fermented Rapeseed Meal Extract Is Able to Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Caused by Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharides and to Replace ZnO in Caco-2/HTX29 Co-Culture Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911640. [PMID: 36232939 PMCID: PMC9569814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The present study tested in vitro the capacity of a fermented rapeseed meal extract to reduce medicinal ZnO, which will be banned at the EU level from 2023 onwards because of its potential to cause environmental pollution and the development of Zn resistance in gut bacteria. Rapeseed meal could be an important ZnO substitute as it has antioxidant/radical scavenging properties due to its content of bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols). (2) Protein array and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis, oxidative stress production, and inflammatory and signaling-related molecules in Caco-2 and goblet HT29-MTX co-culture cells challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and treated with ZnO and FRSM. (3) LPS induced cell death (21.1% vs. 12.7% in control, p < 0.005); apoptosis (16.6%); ROS production; and overexpression of biomarkers related to inflammation (63.15% cytokines and 66.67% chemokines), oxidative stress, and signaling proteins when compared to untreated cells. ZnO was effective in counteracting the effect of LPS, and 73.68% cytokines and 91.67% of chemokines were recovered. FRSM was better at restoring normal protein expression for 78.94% of cytokines, 91.67% of chemokines, and 61.11% of signaling molecules. FRSM was able to mitigate negative effects of LPS and might be an alternative to ZnO in pig diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionelia Taranu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-213-512-241; Fax: +40-213-512-080
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Taranu I, Marin D, Pistol G, Untea A, Vlassa M, Filip M, Gras M, Rotar C, Anghel A. Assessment of the ability of dietary yeast-fermented rapeseed
meal to modulate inflammatory and oxidative stress
in piglets after weaning. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/148055/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guéguen Y, Frerejacques M. Review of Knowledge of Uranium-Induced Kidney Toxicity for the Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway to Renal Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084397. [PMID: 35457214 PMCID: PMC9030063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual construct of causally and sequentially linked events, which occur during exposure to stressors, with an adverse outcome relevant to risk assessment. The development of an AOP is a means of identifying knowledge gaps in order to prioritize research assessing the health risks associated with exposure to physical or chemical stressors. In this paper, a review of knowledge was proposed, examining experimental and epidemiological data, in order to identify relevant key events and potential key event relationships in an AOP for renal impairment, relevant to stressors such as uranium (U). Other stressors may promote similar pathways, and this review is a necessary step to compare and combine knowledge reported for nephrotoxicants. U metal ions are filtered through the glomerular membrane of the kidneys, then concentrate in the cortical and juxtaglomerular areas, and bind to the brush border membrane of the proximal convoluted tubules. U uptake by epithelial cells occurs through endocytosis and the sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (NaPi-IIa). The identified key events start with the inhibition of the mitochondria electron transfer chain and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, due to cytochrome b5/cytochrome c disruption. In the nucleus, U directly interacts with negatively charged DNA phosphate, thereby inducing an adduct formation, and possibly DNA strand breaks or cross-links. U also compromises DNA repair by inhibiting zing finger proteins. Thereafter, U triggers the Nrf2, NF-κB, or endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. The resulting cellular key events include oxidative stress, DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, the main adverse outcome is tubular damage of the S2 and S3 segments of the kidneys, leading to tubular cell death, and then kidney failure. The attribution of renal carcinogenesis due to U is controversial, and specific experimental or epidemiological studies must be conducted. A tentative construction of an AOP for uranium-induced kidney toxicity and failure was proposed.
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Chaudhari V, Buttar HS, Bagwe-Parab S, Tuli HS, Vora A, Kaur G. Therapeutic and Industrial Applications of Curdlan With Overview on Its Recent Patents. Front Nutr 2021; 8:646988. [PMID: 34262922 PMCID: PMC8273257 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.646988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curdlan is an exopolysaccharide, which is composed of glucose linked with β-(1,3)-glycosidic bond and is produced by bacteria, such as Alcaligenes spp., Agrobacterium spp., Paenibacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida spp., and fungal sources like Aureobasidium pullulan, Poria cocos, etc. Curdlan has been utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its prebiotic, viscosifying, and water-holding properties for decades. Recently, the usefulness of curdlan has been further explored by the pharmaceutical industry for its potential therapeutic applications. Curdlan has exhibited immunoregulatory and antitumor activity in preclinical settings. It was observed that curdlan can prevent the proliferation of malarial merozoites in vivo; therefore, it may be considered as a promising therapy for the treatment of end-stage malaria. In addition, curdlan has demonstrated potent antiviral effects against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Aedes aegypti virus. It has been suggested that the virucidal properties of curdlans should be extended further for other deadly viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19). The prebiotic property of curdlan would confer beneficial effects on the host by promoting the growth of healthy microbiota in the gut and consequently help to reduce gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, curdlan can be employed in the manufacture of prebiotics for the management of various gastrointestinal dysbiosis problems. Studies on the mechanism of action of curdlan-induced suppression in microbial and tumor cells at the cellular and molecular levels would not only enhance our understanding regarding the therapeutic effectiveness of curdlan but also help in the discovery of new drugs and dietary supplements. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the therapeutic interventions of curdlan as an anticancer, anti-malaria, antiviral, and antibacterial agent in humans. In addition, our review provides the latest information about the chemistry and biosynthesis of curdlan and its applications for making novel dairy products, functional foods, and nutraceuticals and also details about the recent patents of curdlan and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Chaudhari
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Siddhi Bagwe-Parab
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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Wang H, Chen H, Huang L, Li X, Wang L, Li S, Liu M, Zhang M, Han S, Jiang X, Fu Y, Tian Y, Hou H, Hu Q. In vitro toxicological evaluation of a tobacco heating product THP COO and 3R4F research reference cigarette on human lung cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105173. [PMID: 33848590 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking increases health risks, such as respiratory diseases and heart diseases. Despite the decline in smoking rates in some countries, millions of adults still choose to smoke cigarettes. The use of next-generation nicotine delivery devices, such as tobacco heating products (THPs), may become a potentially safer alternative to smoking. Here, we report on the development of an electrically heated THP, coded as THP COO, with three different flavored tobacco sticks. The purpose of the study was to measure the levels of a list of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in the total particulate matter (TPM) generated and to conduct a set of toxicological assessments of THP COO as compared with 3R4F reference cigarette. For all 55 HPHCs identified, the levels generated by the THP tobacco sticks were significantly lower in comparison to those in 3R4F TPM. The rate of reduction of HPHCs was between 68.6% and 99.9% under Health Canada Intense (HCI) smoking regimen. Human lung cancer cells (NCI-H292) exposed to 3R4F TPM showed dose-dependent responses for most of the 15 in vitro toxicity endpoints, whereas those exposed to comparable doses of THP COO TPMs did not. Therefore, exclusive use of the THP COO products may reduce the exposure of those tested HPHCs and thus potentially reduce health risk of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Huang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shigang Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manying Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shulei Han
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Jiang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Fu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yushan Tian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China.
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Jahanbani J, Ghotbi M, Shahsavari F, Seydi E, Rahimi S, Pourahmad J. Selective anticancer activity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) against oral tongue cancer using in vitro methods: The key role of oxidative stress on cancerous mitochondria. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22557. [PMID: 32583933 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Today, it has been proven that the nanoparticles such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have widespread use in biomedical applications, for instance, in magnetic resonance imaging and targeted delivery of drugs. Despite many studies on SPIONs in diagnosing some diseases like cancer, it has not been investigated on the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) detection by the NPs. Hence, the present study has been designed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of SPIONs on the isolated mitochondria of OTSCC by mitochondrial tests. Isolated mitochondria were removed from the separated cancer and control tissues from the squamous cells of tango in male Wistar rats (6 or 8 weeks) and exposed to the different concentrations of SPIONs (30, 60, and 120 nM). A rise in the production of reactive oxygen species is one of the significant mechanisms of this study, followed by a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, the escape of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and mitochondrial swelling in the exposed isolated mitochondria of OTSCC with SPIONs. Furthermore, our results indicated that the exposure to the SPIONs reduced the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondria obtained from cancerous oral tongue squamous. So the SPIONs can induce selective cytotoxicity on the OTSCC mitochondria without significant effects on the control mitochondria. Based on the results and further studies about in vivo experiments in this regard, it is concluded the SPIONs may be a hopeful therapeutic candidate for the treatment of OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanfar Jahanbani
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghotbi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahsavari
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shabnam Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Chen J, Zhang Y, You J, Song H, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Qiao H, Tian M, Chen F, Zhang S, Guan W. The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product During Late Pregnancy and Lactation on Sow Productivity, Colostrum and Milk Composition, and Antioxidant Status of Sows in a Subtropical Climate. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:71. [PMID: 32133379 PMCID: PMC7041407 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) during late pregnancy and lactation on sow productivity, colostrum and milk composition, and antioxidant status of sows in a subtropical climate. The study was a 2 × 2 factorial treatment design where the first factor was environmental THI level [Low THI (08:00-19:00: 70.76 ± 0.45, 19:00-08:00: 67.91 ± 0.18, L-THI) or High THI (08:00-19:00: 75.14 ± 0.98, 19:00-08:00: 68.35 ± 0.18, H-THI], and the second factor was dietary treatment (supplemented with or without 3 kg/t SCFP). A total of 120 sows were randomly allotted to the four treatments (n = 30). The feeding trial was conducted from 85-days post-breeding until 21-days post-partum. Compared with L-THI group, sows from H-THI group had lesser individual piglet birth weight, individual piglet weight at weaning, preweaning average daily gain of piglets, average daily feed intake of sows during lactation, and protein percentage in 14-days milk. Additionally, sows from H-THI group had lesser antioxidant status, indicated by lesser serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at parturition; lesser serum T-AOC and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity at 14-days post-partum, as well as lesser SOD activity in colostrum. Compared with sows fed the control diet, sows fed the SCFP diet had greater number of piglets weaned, litter weight at weaning, and preweaning average daily gain of piglets. Moreover, sows fed the SCFP diet had improved antioxidant status as indicated by higher serum T-AOC at parturition, and lesser malondialdehyde (MDA) content in colostrum and 21-days milk. In conclusion, H-THI negatively affected the productivity, milk composition, antioxidant status, and lactation feed intake of sows. Dietary supplementation of SCFP partially alleviated the adverse effects of H-THI, by improving lactation performance and antioxidant status of sows without influencing reproductive performance and colostrum and milk composition in a subtropical climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanqing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yantao Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhen Qiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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P SV, P D R, A B A. Role of PI3K-Akt and MAPK Signaling in Uranyl Nitrate-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:405-411. [PMID: 30302617 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a heavy metal of considerable environmental and occupational concern. It is well-known that the kidney is the major target organ of uranium exposure. Elucidating the mechanistic basis of uranium interactions is essential for monitoring the health risk. In the present study, we investigated the cellular mechanisms involved in uranyl nitrate-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Swiss albino mice were administrated with a single intraperitoneal dose of 2 and 4 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate at different time points 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days. Uranyl nitrate intoxication-induced apoptosis in the kidney tissue was observed by TUNEL assay. To assess the proliferation, immunohistochemistry was performed using Ki67 proliferative marker followed by western blotting to confirm the involvement of key signaling molecules. The number of TUNEL positive nuclei peaked at third day after uranyl nitrate insult. The increased expression of proliferation marker Ki67 suggests the enhanced DNA repair process prominently at seventh day. Uranyl nitrate administration also resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Akt, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) expression. All these changes were found to be time-dependent. The result of the current study suggests that uranyl nitrate induces acute renal injury by activation of apoptosis through JNK pathway, while the early activation of signaling molecules Akt and ERK promotes the tubular cell proliferation and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangetha Vijayan P
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rekha P D
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Arun A B
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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14
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Assadian E, Dezhampanah H, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles on human blood lymphocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22303. [PMID: 30811714 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are used to a large extent in the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible toxicity of Fe2 O 3 NPs on human cells, including blood lymphocytes. We isolated blood lymphocytes from healthy humans using Ficoll polysaccharide and subsequently by gradient centrifugation. Then, the toxicity parameters, including cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, cellular glutathione (GSH) level, mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, were measured in blood lymphocytes after exposure to Fe 2 O 3 NPs. Our results indicated that Fe 2 O 3 NPs significantly (dependent on concentration) reduced the cell viability, and the IC 50 was determined to be 1 mM. With increasing concentrations, we found that Fe 2 O 3 NPs-induced cell toxicity was associated with a significant increase in intracellular ROS and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal membrane leakiness. Consequently, these NPs at different concentrations affect GSH level and cause oxidative stress in human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Assadian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Dezhampanah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Yi J, Yuan Y, Zheng J, Zhao T. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates uranium-induced rat hepatocyte cytotoxicity via inhibiting Nox4/ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22255. [PMID: 30368988 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) plays a crucial role in regulating the signaling pathway mediated by oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of H 2 S on uranium-induced rat hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Primary hepatocytes were isolated and cultured from Sprague Dawley rat liver tissues. After pretreating with sodium hydrosulfide (an H 2 S donor) for 1 hour (or GKT-136901 for 30 minutes), hepatocytes were treated by uranyl acetate for 24 hours. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation were respectively determined. The effects of direct inhibition of Nox4 expression by GKT-136901 (a Nox4 inhibitor) on ROS and phospho-p38 MAPK levels were examined in uranium-treated hepatocytes. The results implicate that H 2 S can afford protection of rat hepatocytes against uranium-induced adverse effects through attenuating oxidative stress via prohibiting Nox4/ROS/p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yi
- Department and Institute of Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department and Institute of Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jifang Zheng
- Department and Institute of Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department and Institute of Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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16
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Assadian E, Zarei MH, Gilani AG, Farshin M, Degampanah H, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles on Human Blood Lymphocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:350-357. [PMID: 29064010 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) serve several important functions in human life, particularly in the fields of medicine, engineering, and technology. These nanoparticles have been utilized as catalysts, semiconductors, sensors, gaseous and solid ceramic pigments, and magnet rotatable devices. Further use for CuO-NPs has been employed in the pharmaceutical industry especially in the production of anti-microbial fabric treatments or prevention of infections caused by Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two key potential routes of exposure to CuO-NPs exist through inhalation and skin exposure. Toxicity of these nanoparticles has been reported in various studies; however, no study as of yet has investigated the complete cellular mechanisms involved in CuO-NPs toxicity on human cells. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of CuO-NPs on human blood lymphocytes. Blood lymphocytes were obtained from healthy male subjects through the use of Ficoll polysaccharide subsequently by gradient centrifugation. The following parameters were assayed in blood lymphocytes after a 6-h incubation with different concentrations of CuO-NPs: cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, cellular glutathione levels, and mitochondrial and lysosomal damage. Our results demonstrate that CuO-NPs, in particular, decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and the IC50 determined was 382 μM. CuO-NP cytotoxicity was associated with significant increase at intracellular ROS level and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal membrane leakiness. Hence, CuO-NPs are shown to effectively induce oxidative stress in addition to inflict damage on mitochondria and lysosomes in human blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Assadian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Guilan University, Guilan, P. O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanadzadeh Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Guilan University, Guilan, P. O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Farshin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Degampanah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Guilan University, Guilan, P. O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Suhard D, Tessier C, Manens L, Rebière F, Tack K, Agarande M, Guéguen Y. Intracellular uranium distribution: Comparison of cryogenic fixation versus chemical fixation methods for SIMS analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:855-864. [PMID: 29737608 PMCID: PMC6221105 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Localization of uranium within cells is mandatory for the comprehension of its cellular mechanism of toxicity. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) has recently shown its interest to detect and localize uranium at very low levels within the cells. This technique requires a specific sample preparation similar to the one used for Transmission Electronic Microscopy, achieved by implementing different chemical treatments to preserve as much as possible the living configuration uranium distribution into the observed sample. This study aims to compare the bioaccumulation sites of uranium within liver or kidney cells after chemical fixation and cryomethods preparations of the samples: SIMS analysis of theses samples show the localization of uranium soluble forms in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus with a more homogenous distribution when using cryopreparation probably due to the diffusible portion of uranium inside the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Suhard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Tessier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Manens
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - F Rebière
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - K Tack
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - M Agarande
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SAME, Le Vésinet, France
| | - Y Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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18
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Ren J, Hao Y, Gao R, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Liu J, Dai X, Xiong W, Su Y, Li R. Effect of a novel polyethylene glycol compound on lung lavage in dogs after the inhalation of depleted uranium dust. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:462-471. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1446228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotian Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Zarei MH, Hosseini Shirazi SF, Aghvami M, Salimi A, Pourahmad J. Analysis of cytotoxic effects of nickel on human blood lymphocytes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:79-86. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1364314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farshad Hosseini Shirazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Aghvami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Choromanska A, Kulbacka J, Harasym J, Oledzki R, Szewczyk A, Saczko J. High- and low-Molecular Weight oat Beta-Glucan Reveals Antitumor Activity in Human Epithelial Lung Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:583-592. [PMID: 28756506 PMCID: PMC5972159 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucans are widely used in treatment, cosmetics, and the food industry. Glucans play a significant role in activation of the immune and antioxidant system and inhibiting tumor proliferation. In the current study the antitumor activities of new high and low molecular weight beta-glucan derived from oats were investigated in two human lung cancer cell line (A549, H69AR) and normal keratinocytes (HaCaT). The effect of high and low molecular weight beta-glucan from oat was evaluated by cellular viability assessment, lipid peroxidation and manganese superoxide dismutase evaluation and cytoskeleton visualisation. Additionally the level of red blood cells hemolysis was performed. Our results indicate strong anti-tumor properties of new beta-glucan from oat and at the same time no toxicity for normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Choromanska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118-120, 53-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Oledzki
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118-120, 53-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of General Zoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Yang HS, Wu F, Long LN, Li TJ, Xiong X, Liao P, Liu HN, Yin YL. Effects of yeast products on the intestinal morphology, barrier function, cytokine expression, and antioxidant system of weaned piglets. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:752-762. [PMID: 27704745 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mixture of yeast culture, cell wall hydrolysates, and yeast extracts (collectively "yeast products," YP) on the performance, intestinal physiology, and health of weaned piglets. A total of 90 piglets weaned at 21 d of age were blocked by body weight, sex, and litter and randomly assigned to one of three treatments for a 14-d feeding experiment, including (1) a basal diet (control), (2) 1.2 g/kg of YP, and (3) 20 mg/kg of colistin sulfate (CSE). No statistically significant differences were observed in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, or gain-to-feed ratio among CSE, YP, and control piglets. Increased prevalence of diarrhea was observed among piglets fed the YP diet, whereas diarrhea was less prevalent among those fed CSE. Duodenal and jejunal villus height and duodenal crypt depth were greater in the control group than they were in the YP or CSE groups. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the duodenal and jejunal villi were enhanced by YP, whereas IEL in the ileal villi were reduced in weaned piglets fed YP. Secretion of jejunal and ileal interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher and intestinal and serum antioxidant indexes were affected by YP and CSE. In YP- and CSE-supplemented animals, serum D-lactate concentration and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were both increased, and intestinal mRNA expressions of occludin and ZO-1 were reduced as compared to the control animals. In conclusion, YP supplementation in the diets of weaned piglets appears to increase the incidence of diarrhea and has adverse effects on intestinal morphology and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Sheng Yang
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China.,Fujian Aonong Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361008, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Li-Na Long
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tie-Jun Li
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hong-Nan Liu
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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22
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Salimi A, Motallebi A, Ayatollahi M, Seydi E, Mohseni AR, Nazemi M, Pourahmad J. Selective toxicity of persian gulf sea cucumber holothuria parva on human chronic lymphocytic leukemia b lymphocytes by direct mitochondrial targeting. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1158-1169. [PMID: 27404045 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural products isolated from marine environment are well known for their pharmacodynamic potential in diversity of disease treatments such as cancer or inflammatory conditions. Sea cucumbers are one of the marine animals of the phylum Echinoderm. Many studies have shown that the sea cucumber contains antioxidants and anti-cancer compounds. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease characterized by the relentless accumulation of CD5+ B lymphocytes. CLL is the most common leukemia in adults, about 25-30% of all leukemias. In this study B lymphocytes and their mitochondria (cancerous and non-cancerous) were obtained from peripheral blood of human subjects and B lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay, and caspase 3 activation along with mitochondrial upstream events of apoptosis signaling including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial swelling were determined following the addition of Holothuria parva extract to both cancerous and non-cancerous B lymphocytes and their mitochondria. Our in vitro finding showed that mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, and mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were significantly (P < 0.05) increased after addition of different concentrations of H. parva only in cancerous BUT NOT normal non-cancerous mitochondria. Consistently, different concentrations of H. parva significantly (P < 0.05) increased cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation only in cancerous BUT NOT normal non-cancerous B lymphocytes. These results showed that H. parva methanolic extract has a selective mitochondria mediated apoptotic effect on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes hence may be promising in the future anticancer drug development for treatment of CLL. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1158-1169, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbasali Motallebi
- Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Research and Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) and Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ayatollahi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Mohseni
- Department of Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Melika Nazemi
- Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Research Institute, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Agricultural Research, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yuan Y, Zheng J, Zhao T, Tang X, Hu N. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates uranium-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats: Role of antioxidant and antiapoptotic signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:581-593. [PMID: 26991019 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As an endogenous gaseous mediator, H2 S exerts antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and cytoprotective effects in livers. This study was designed to investigate the protective role of H2 S against uranium-induced hepatotoxicity in adult SD male rats after in vivo effect of uranium on endogenous H2 S production was determined in livers. The levels of endogenous H2 S and H2 S-producing enzymes (CBS and CSE) were measured in liver homogenates from uranium -intoxicated rats. In rats injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with uranyl acetate or NaHS (an H2 S donor) alone or in combination, we examined biochemical parameters to assess liver function, revealed hepatic histopathological alteration, investigated oxidative stress markers, and explored apoptotic signaling in liver homogenates. The results suggest that uranium-intoxication in rats decreased CBS and CSE protein expression, H2 S synthesis capacity, and endogenous H2 S generation. NaHS administration in uranium-intoxicated rats produced amelioration in liver biochemical indices and histopathological effects, decreased MDA content, and increased GSH level and antioxidative enzymes activities like SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST. NaHS administration in uranium-intoxicated rats attenuated uranium-activated phosphorylation state of JNK. NaHS treatment in uranium-intoxicated rats increased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 but decreased pro-apoptotic Bax, resulting in the rise of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. NaHS treatment in uranium-intoxicated rats reduced the apoptosis mediator caspase-3 and cytochrome c release and elevated ATP contents. Taken together, these data implicate that H2 S can afford protection to rat livers against uranium-induced adverse effects mediated by up-regulation of antioxidant and antiapoptotic signaling. The anti-apoptotic property of H2 S may be involved, at least in part, in inhibiting JNK signaling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 581-593, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifang Zheng
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, People's Republic of China
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24
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Suchecka D, Błaszczyk K, Harasym J, Gudej S, Wilczak J, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Impact of purified oat 1-3,1-4-β-d-glucan of different molecular weight on alleviation of inflammation parameters during gastritis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Ahmadian E, Babaei H, Mohajjel Nayebi A, Eftekhari A, Eghbal MA. Venlafaxine-Induced Cytotoxicity Towards Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Involves Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial/Lysosomal Dysfunction. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:521-530. [PMID: 28101459 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Depression is a public disorder worldwide. Despite the widespread use of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression, it has been associated with the incidence of toxicities. Hence, the goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the mechanisms of venlafaxine-induced cell death in the model of the freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Methods: Collagenase-perfused rat hepatocytes were treated with venlafaxine and other agents. Cell damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential decline, lysosomal damage, glutathione (GSH) level were analyzed. Moreover, rat liver mitochondria were isolated through differential centrifugation to assess respiratory chain functionality. Results: Our results demonstrated that venlafaxine could induce ROS formation followed by lipid peroxidation, cellular GSH content depletion, elevated GSSG level, loss of lysosmal membrane integrity, MMP collapse and finally cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. N-acetyl cysteine, taurine and quercetine significantly decreased the aforementioned venlafaxine-induced cellular events. Also, radical scavenger (butylatedhydroxytoluene and α-tocopherol), CYP2E1 inhibitor (4-methylpyrazole), lysosomotropic agents (methylamine and chloroquine), ATP generators (L-gluthamine and fructose) and mitochondrial pore sealing agents (trifluoperazine and L-carnitine) considerably reduced cytotoxicity, ROS generation and lysosomal leakage following venlafaxine treatment. Mitochondrion dysfunction was concomitant with the blockade of the electron transfer complexes II and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory system. Conclusion: Therefore, our data indicate that venlafaxine induces oxidative stress towards hepatocytes and our findings provide evidence to propose that mitochondria and lysosomes are of the primary targets in venlafaxine-mediated cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Babaei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohajjel Nayebi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Salimi A, Gholamifar E, Naserzadeh P, Hosseini MJ, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of lithium on isolated heart mitochondria and cardiomyocyte: A justification for its cardiotoxic adverse effect. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31. [PMID: 27588890 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in myocardial tissue homeostasis; therefore, deterioration in mitochondrial function will eventually lead to cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell death and consequently cardiovascular dysfunction. Lithium (Li+ ) is an effective drug for bipolar disorder with known cardiotoxic side effects. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Li+ on mitochondria and cardiomyocytes isolated from the heart of Wistar rat. Results revealed that Li+ induced a concentration- and time-dependent rise in mitochondrial ROS formation, inhibition of respiratory complexes (II), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release in rat heart mitochondria and also induced Caspase 3 activation through mitochondrial pathway, decline of ATP and lipid peroxidation in rat cardiomyocytes. These results indicate that the cardiotoxic effects of Li+ were initiated from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which finally ends in cytochrome c release and cell death signaling heart cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ehsan Gholamifar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hosseini MJ, Shahraki J, Tafreshian S, Salimi A, Kamalinejad M, Pourahmad J. Protective effects of Sesamum indicum extract against oxidative stress induced by vanadium on isolated rat hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:979-985. [PMID: 25727928 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium toxicity is a challenging problem to human and animal health with no entirely understanding cytotoxic mechanisms. Previous studies in vanadium toxicity showed involvement of oxidative stress in isolated liver hepatocytes and mitochondria via increasing of ROS formation, release of cytochrome c and ATP depletion after incubation with different concentrations (25-200 µM). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of Sesamum indicum seed extract (100-300 μg/mL) against oxidative stress induced by vanadium on isolated rat hepatocytes. Our results showed that quite similar to Alpha-tocopherol (100 µM), different concentrations of extract (100-300 μg/mL) protected the isolated hepatocyte against all oxidative stress/cytotoxicity markers induced by vanadium in including cell lysis, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and lysosomal membrane damage. Besides, vanadium induced mitochondrial/lysosomal toxic interaction and vanadium reductive activation mediated by glutathione in vanadium toxicity was significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by Sesamum indicum extracts. These findings suggested a hepato-protective role for extracts against liver injury resulted from vanadium toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 979-985, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jafar Shahraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Saman Tafreshian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Gudkov SV, Chernikov AV, Bruskov VI. Chemical and radiological toxicity of uranium compounds. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Salimi A, Vaghar-Moussavi M, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of methyl tertiary-butyl ether on human blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8556-8564. [PMID: 26797945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is a synthetic solvent widely used as oxygenate in unleaded gasoline. Few studies have addressed the cellular toxicity of MTBE on some cell lines, and so far, no comprehensive study has been conducted to investigate the probable immunotoxicity of this compound. In this study, the toxicity of MTBE on human blood lymphocytes was evaluated. Blood lymphocytes were isolated from healthy male volunteers' blood, using Ficoll polysaccharide followed by gradient centrifugation. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, and damage to mitochondria and lysosome were determined in blood lymphocytes after 6-h incubation with different concentrations of MTBE (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM). Our results showed that MTBE, in particular, decreased cell viability, which was associated with significant increase at intracellular ROS level and toxic alterations in mitochondria and lysosomes in human blood lymphocytes. Moreover, it was shown that MTBE strongly provoked lipid peroxidation and also depleted glutathione level at higher concentrations. Interestingly, MTBE exhibited its cytotoxic effects at low concentrations that may resemble to its concentrations in human blood following occupational and environmental exposure. It is therefore concluded that MTBE was capable of inducing oxidative stress and damage to mitochondria and lysosomes in human lymphocytes at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 μg/L, which may be present in human blood as a result of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Vaghar-Moussavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Selli J, Unal D, Mercantepe F, Akaras N, Kabayel R, Unal B, Atilay H. Protective effects of beta glucan in brain tissues of post-menopausal rats: a histochemical and ultra-structural study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:234-9. [PMID: 26486170 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline of estrogen during menopause has been associated with numerous significant changes that have been linked to many pathophysiological complications. In addition, ovarian hormone deficiency increases the production of reactive oxygen radicals which could result in oxidative stress and cell damage. While estrogen therapy is often considered to overcome the behavioral and physiological shortcomings, antioxidants are gaining popularity for their beneficial property. For this purpose, in the present study, utilizing the antioxidant properties of beta glucan has been examined in treatment of menopause induced oxidative stress in cerebral neurons. Four groups of female Wistar rats were used: control, ovariectomy, ovariectomy + estrogen treated and ovariectomy + beta glucan treated. We observed a significant increase in neural degeneration in ovariectomized rats as compared to controls. Moreover, increased oxidative stress in the brains of the ovariectomized rats has been detected by performing immunohistochemical analysis. A large number of immuno-positive cerebral neurons have been observed in ovariectomy group rat brains. Interestingly, providing beta glucan treatment to ovariectomized rats reduced the number of degenerated neurons. Our study is the first to examine light and electron microscopic examination and immunohistochemical and stereological analysis of estrogen depletion in rats and to test protective role of beta glucan in the experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jale Selli
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Deniz Unal
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Filiz Mercantepe
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey
| | - Nurhan Akaras
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Rabia Kabayel
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Bunyami Unal
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Hilal Atilay
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
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Noss I, Ozment TR, Graves BM, Kruppa MD, Rice PJ, Williams DL. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fungal β-(1→6)-glucan in macrophages. Innate Immun 2015. [PMID: 26209532 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915595874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 40 yr, the majority of research on glucans has focused on β-(1→3)-glucans. Recent studies indicate that β-(1→6)-glucans may be even more potent immune modulators than β-(1→3)-glucans. Mechanisms by which β-(1→6)-glucans are recognized and modulate immunity are unknown. In this study, we examined the interaction of purified water-soluble β-(1→6)-glucans with macrophage cell lines and primary peritoneal macrophages and the cellular and molecular consequences of this interaction. Our results indicate the existence of a specific β-(1→6)-glucan receptor that internalizes the glucan ligand via a clathrin-dependent mechanism. We show that the known β-(1→3)-glucans receptors are not responsible for β-(1→6)-glucan recognition and interaction. The receptor-ligand uptake/interaction has an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of ∼ 4 µM, and was associated with phosphorylation of ERK and JNK but not IκB-α or p38. Our results indicate that macrophage interaction with β-(1→6)-glucans may lead to modulation of genes associated with anti-fungal immunity and recruitment/activation of neutrophils. In summary, we show that macrophages specifically bind and internalize β-(1→6)-glucans followed by activation of intracellular signaling and modulation of anti-fungal immune response-related gene regulation. Thus, we conclude that the interaction between innate immunity and β-(1→6)-glucans may play an important role in shaping the anti-fungal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Noss
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammy R Ozment
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Bridget M Graves
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Michael D Kruppa
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Peter J Rice
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Giese EC, Gascon J, Anzelmo G, Barbosa AM, da Cunha MAA, Dekker RF. Free-radical scavenging properties and antioxidant activities of botryosphaeran and some other β-D-glucans. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Gagnaire B, Bado-Nilles A, Sanchez W. Depleted uranium disturbs immune parameters in zebrafish, Danio rerio: an ex vivo/in vivo experiment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:426-435. [PMID: 24723161 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of depleted uranium (DU), the byproduct of nuclear enrichment of uranium, on several parameters related to defence system in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, using flow cytometry. Several immune cellular parameters were followed on kidney leucocytes: cell proportion, cell mortality, phagocytosis activity and associated oxidative burst and lysosomal membrane integrity (LMI). Effects of DU were tested ex vivo after 17 h of contact between DU and freshly isolated leucocytes from 0 to 500 µg DU/L. Moreover, adult zebrafish were exposed in vivo during 3 days at 20 and 250 µg DU/L. Oxidative burst results showed that DU increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) basal level and therefore reduced ROS stimulation index in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments. ROS PMA-stimulated level was also increased at 250 µg DU/L in vivo only. Furthermore, a decrease of LMI was detected after in vivo experiments. Cell mortality was also decreased at 20 µg DU/L in ex vivo experiment. However, phagocytosis activity was not modified in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments. A reduction of immune-related parameters was demonstrated in zebrafish exposed to DU. DU could therefore decrease the ability of fish to stimulate its own immune system which could, in turn, enhance the susceptibility of fish to infection. These results encourage the development and the use of innate immune analysis by flow cytometry in order to understand the effects of DU and more generally radionuclides on fish immune system and response to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Gagnaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, LECO, Centre de Cadarache, Bât 186, B.P. 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France,
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Song Y, Salbu B, Teien HC, Sørlie Heier L, Rosseland BO, Høgåsen T, Tollefsen KE. Hepatic transcriptomic profiling reveals early toxicological mechanisms of uranium in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:694. [PMID: 25145280 PMCID: PMC4148957 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uranium (U) is a naturally occurring radionuclide that has been found in the aquatic environment due to anthropogenic activities. Exposure to U may pose risk to aquatic organisms due to its radiological and chemical toxicity. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical toxicity of U in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using depleted uranium (DU) as a test model. The fish were exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations of DU (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg U/L) for 48 h. Hepatic transcriptional responses were studied using microarrays in combination with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Plasma variables and chromosomal damages were also studied to link transcriptional responses to potential physiological changes at higher levels. RESULTS The microarray gene expression analysis identified 847, 891 and 766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver of salmon after 48 h exposure to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L DU, respectively. These DEGs were associated with known gene ontology functions such as generation of precursor metabolites and energy, carbohydrate metabolic process and cellular homeostasis. The salmon DEGs were then mapped to mammalian orthologs and subjected to protein-protein network and pathway analysis. The results showed that various toxicity pathways involved in mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, nuclear receptor signaling, organ damage were commonly affected by all DU concentrations. Eight genes representative of several key pathways were further verified using qPCR No significant formation of micronuclei in the red blood cells or alterations of plasma stress variables were identified. CONCLUSION The current study suggested that the mitochondrion may be a key target of U chemical toxicity in salmon. The induction of oxidative stress and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation may be two potential modes of action (MoA) of DU. These MoAs may subsequently lead to downstream events such as apoptosis, DNA repair, hypoxia signaling and immune response. The early toxicological mechanisms of U chemical toxicity in salmon has for the first time been systematically profiled. However, no other physiological changes were observed. Future efforts to link transcriptional responses to adverse effects have been outlined as important for understanding of potential risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P,O, Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Poisson C, Stefani J, Manens L, Delissen O, Suhard D, Tessier C, Dublineau I, Guéguen Y. Chronic uranium exposure dose-dependently induces glutathione in rats without any nephrotoxicity. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1218-31. [PMID: 25056594 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.945441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uranium is a heavy metal naturally found in the earth's crust that can contaminate the general public population when ingested. The acute effect and notably the uranium nephrotoxicity are well known but knowledge about the effect of chronic uranium exposure is less clear. In a dose-response study we sought to determine if a chronic exposure to uranium is toxic to the kidneys and the liver, and what the anti-oxidative system plays in these effects. Rats were contaminated for 3 or 9 months by uranium in drinking water at different concentrations (0, 1, 40, 120, 400, or 600 mg/L). Uranium tissue content in the liver, kidneys, and bones was linear and proportional to uranium intake after 3 and 9 months of contamination; it reached 6 μg per gram of kidney tissues for the highest uranium level in drinking water. Nevertheless, no histological lesions of the kidney were observed, nor any modification of kidney biomarkers such as creatinine or KIM-1. After 9 months of contamination at and above the 120-mg/L concentration of uranium, lipid peroxidation levels decreased in plasma, liver, and kidneys. Glutathione concentration increased in the liver for the 600-mg/L group, in the kidney it increased dose dependently, up to 10-fold, after 9 months of contamination. Conversely, chronic uranium exposure irregularly modified gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and activities in the liver and kidneys. In conclusion, chronic uranium exposure did not induce nephrotoxic effects under our experimental conditions, but instead reinforced the antioxidant system, especially by increasing glutathione levels in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poisson
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
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Watanabe T, Shimada R, Matsuyama A, Yuasa M, Sawamura H, Yoshida E, Suzuki K. Antitumor activity of the β-glucan paramylon from Euglena against preneoplastic colonic aberrant crypt foci in mice. Food Funct 2014; 4:1685-90. [PMID: 24104447 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of β-glucans isolated from Euglena on the formation of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon were examined in mice. Mice were fed a semi-purified AIN-93M diet containing cellulose or the same diet but with the cellulose replaced with β-glucans in the form of Euglena, paramylon, or amorphous paramylon, for 11 weeks. After consuming these dietary supplements for 8 days, half of the mice were intraperitoneally administered 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1) body weight every week for 6 weeks. Among the DMH-treated groups, the paramylon- and amorphous paramylon-fed mice displayed a significantly lower number of ACF than the control group. Also, the liver weight of the paramylon group was markedly decreased compared with those of the control and Euglena groups, whereas the cecal content weight and fecal volume of the paramylon group were significantly increased. As for the levels of organic acids in the cecal contents, the paramylon group displayed significantly increased lactic acid levels compared with the control and Euglena groups. From these findings, although the mechanism of the ACF-inhibiting effects of paramylon remains unclear, it is considered that β-glucans, such as paramylon and its isomer amorphous paramylon, have preventive effects against colon cancer and are more effective against the condition than Euglena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Dietary Environment Analysis, School of Human Science and Environment, Himeji Institute of Technology, University of Hyogo, Sinzaike Honcho 1-1-12, Himeji 6700092, Japan.
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Hao Y, Ren J, Liu C, Li H, Liu J, Yang Z, Li R, Su Y. Zinc protects human kidney cells from depleted uranium-induced apoptosis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:271-80. [PMID: 24330236 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) is a weak radioactive heavy metal, and zinc (Zn) is an effective antidote to heavy metal poisoning. However, the effect of Zn on DU-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zn on DU-induced cell apoptosis in human kidney cells (HK-2) and explore its molecular mechanism. Pre-treatment with Zn significantly inhibited DU-induced apoptosis. It reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species in the cells, increased the catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, suppressed the DU-induced soluble Fas receptor (sFasR) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) overexpression, suppressed the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inhibitor factor (AIF) from mitochondria to cytoplasm, inhibited the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3, and induced metallothionein (MT) expression. Furthermore, exogenous MT effectively inhibited DU-induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, mitochondrial and FasR-mediated apoptosis pathways contribute to DU-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Through independent mechanisms, such as indirect antioxidant effects, inhibition of the activation of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3, and induction of MT expression, Zn inhibits DU-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
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Ghoneum M, Elbaghdady HAM, El-Shebly AA, Pan D, Assanah E, Lawson G. Protective effect of hydroferrate fluid, MRN-100, against lethality and hematopoietic tissue damage in γ-radiated Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:852-862. [PMID: 23589025 PMCID: PMC3766301 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroferrate fluid, MRN-100, an iron-based compound derived from bivalent and trivalent ferrates, is a potent antioxidant compound. Therefore, we examined the protective effect of MRN-100 against γ-radiation-induced lethality and damage to hematopoietic tissues in fish. A total of 216 Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 served as a control that was administered no radiation and no MRN-100 treatment. Group 2 was exposed only to γ-radiation (15 Gy). Groups 3 and 4 were pre-treated with MRN-100 at doses of either 1 ml/l or 3 ml/l in water for 1 week, and subsequently exposed to radiation while continuing to receive MRN-100 for 27 days. The survival rate was measured, and biochemical and histopathological analyses of hematopoietic tissues were performed for the different treatment groups at 1 and 4 weeks post-radiation. Exposure to radiation reduced the survival rate to 27.7%, while treatment with MRN-100 maintained the survival rate at 87.2%. In addition, fish exposed to γ-radiation for 1 week showed a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) series. However, treatment with MRN-100 protected the total WBC count and the RBCs series when compared with irradiated fish. Furthermore, significant histological lesions were observed in the hepatopancreas, spleen and gills of irradiated fish. However, treatment with MRN-100 protected the histopathology of various organs. We conclude that MRN-100 is a radioprotective agent in fish and may be useful as an adjuvant treatment to counteract the adverse side effects associated with radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 East, 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | | | - Abdallah A. El-Shebly
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 101 Kaser El Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deyu Pan
- Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Edward Assanah
- Research, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Greg Lawson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 724 Westwood Blvd., Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Ghoneum M, Badr El-Din NK, Abdel Fattah SM, Tolentino L. Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) provides protection against whole-body γ-irradiation in mice via restoration of hematopoietic tissues. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:419-29. [PMID: 23287771 PMCID: PMC3650744 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to examine the protective effect of MGN-3 on overall maintenance of hematopoietic tissue after γ-irradiation. MGN-3 is an arabinoxylan from rice bran that has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant and immune modulator. Swiss albino mice were treated with MGN-3 prior to irradiation and continued to receive MGN-3 for 1 or 4 weeks. Results were compared with mice that received radiation (5 Gy γ rays) only, MGN-3 (40 mg/kg) only and control mice (receiving neither radiation nor MGN-3). At 1 and 4 weeks post-irradiation, different hematological, histopathological and biochemical parameters were examined. Mice exposed to irradiation alone showed significant depression in their complete blood count (CBC) except for neutrophilia. Additionally, histopathological studies showed hypocellularity of their bone marrow, as well as a remarkable decrease in splenic weight/relative size and in number of megakaryocytes. In contrast, pre-treatment with MGN-3 resulted in protection against irradiation-induced damage to the CBC parameters associated with complete bone marrow cellularity, as well as protection of the aforementioned splenic changes. Furthermore, MGN-3 exerted antioxidative activity in whole-body irradiated mice, and provided protection from irradiation-induced loss of body and organ weight. In conclusion, MGN-3 has the potential to protect progenitor cells in the bone marrow, which suggests the possible use of MGN-3/Biobran as an adjuvant treatment to counteract the severe adverse side effects associated with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Otolaryngology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.
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Shaki F, Hosseini MJ, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pourahmad J. Depleted uranium induces disruption of energy homeostasis and oxidative stress in isolated rat brain mitochondria. Metallomics 2013; 5:736-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shaki F, Hosseini MJ, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of depleted uranium on isolated rat kidney mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1940-50. [PMID: 22940002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney is known as the most sensitive target organ for depleted uranium (DU) toxicity in comparison to other organs. Although the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by DU has been well investigated, the precise mechanism of DU-induced nephrotoxicity has not been thoroughly recognized yet. METHODS Kidney mitochondria were obtained using differential centrifugation from Wistar rats and mitochondrial toxicity endpoints were then determined in both in vivo and in vitro uranyl acetate (UA) exposure cases. RESULTS Single injection of UA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Isolated mitochondria from the UA-treated rat kidney showed a marked elevation in oxidative stress accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse as compared to control group. Incubation of isolated kidney mitochondria with UA (50, 100 and 200μM) manifested that UA can disrupt the electron transfer chain at complex II and III that leads to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione oxidation. Disturbances in oxidative phosphorylation were also demonstrated through decreased ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio in UA-treated mitochondria. In addition, UA induced a significant damage in mitochondrial outer membrane. Moreover, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were observed following the UA treatment in isolated mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Both our in vivo and in vitro results showed that UA-induced nephrotoxicity is linked to the impairment of electron transfer chain especially at complex II and III which leads to subsequent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shaki
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hao Y, Ren J, Liu J, Luo S, Ma T, Li R, Su Y. The Protective Role of Zinc against Acute Toxicity of Depleted Uranium in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:402-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jiong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury; Institute of Combined Injury; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Al Kaddissi S, Legeay A, Elia AC, Gonzalez P, Camilleri V, Gilbin R, Simon O. Effects of uranium on crayfish Procambarus clarkii mitochondria and antioxidants responses after chronic exposure: what have we learned? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:218-224. [PMID: 22154145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impacts of Uranium (U) on mitochondria and on the response of antioxidants in the gills and the hepatopancreas of crayfish Procambarus clarkii after long-term exposure (30 and 60 days) to an environmentally relevant concentration (30 μg U/L). The expression of mitochondrial genes (12s, atp6, and cox1), as well as the genes involved in oxidative stress responses (sod(Mn) and mt) were evaluated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX and GST) were also studied. U accumulation in organs induced changes in genes' expression. The evolution of these transcriptional responses and differences between gene expression levels at high and low doses of exposure were also discussed. This study demonstrated that, after long-term exposure, U caused a decrease in antioxidant activities and induced oxidative stress. A possible ROS-mediated U cytotoxic mechanism is proposed. Expression levels of the investigated genes can possibly be used as a tool to evaluate U toxicity and seem to be more sensitive than the enzymatic activities. However a multiple biomarker approach is recommended as the perturbed pathways and the mode of action of this pollutant are not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Al Kaddissi
- Laboratory of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, Bd 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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Protective effects of β-glucan against oxidative injury induced by 2.45-GHz electromagnetic radiation in the skin tissue of rats. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:521-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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