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Bocedi A, Gambardella G, Cattani G, Notari S, Ricci G. Erythrocyte glutathione transferase. A sensitive Up-Down biomarker of environmental and industrial pollution. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 750:109786. [PMID: 37839788 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocyte glutathione transferase is a well-known biomarker of environmental pollution. Examination of the extensive scientific literature discovers an atypical and very interesting property of this enzyme which may reveal a chronic exposition to many contaminants but in some cases even an acute and short-term dangerous contamination. This review also underlines the peculiar molecular and kinetic properties of this enzyme which makes it unique in the panorama of enzymes used as biomarker for environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gambardella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Cattani
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Notari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ricci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Janoš T, Ottenbros I, Bláhová L, Šenk P, Šulc L, Pálešová N, Sheardová J, Vlaanderen J, Čupr P. Effects of pesticide exposure on oxidative stress and DNA methylation urinary biomarkers in Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115368. [PMID: 36716809 PMCID: PMC10009299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Current-use pesticide (CUP) exposure occurs mainly through diet and environmental application in both agricultural and urban settings. While pesticide exposure has been associated with many adverse health outcomes, the intermediary molecular mechanisms are still not completely elucidated. Among others, their roles in epigenetics (DNA methylation) and DNA damage due to oxidative stress are presumed. Scientific evidence on urinary biomarkers of such body response in general population is limited, especially in children. A total of 440 urine samples (n = 110 parent-child pairs) were collected during the winter and summer seasons in order to describe levels of overall DNA methylation (5-mC, 5-mdC, 5-hmdC, 7-mG, 3-mA) and oxidative stress (8-OHdG) biomarkers and investigate their possible associations with metabolites of pyrethroids (3-PBA, t/c-DCCA), chlorpyrifos (TCPY), and tebuconazole (TEB-OH). Linear mixed-effects models accounting for intraindividual and intrahousehold correlations were utilized. We applied false discovery rate procedure to account for multiplicity and adjusted for potential confounding variables. Higher urinary levels of most biological response biomarkers were measured in winter samples. In adjusted repeated measures models, interquartile range (IQR) increases in pyrethroid metabolites were associated with higher oxidative stress. t/c-DCCA and TCPY were associated with higher urinary levels of cytosine methylation biomarkers (5-mC and/or 5-mdC). The most robust association was observed for tebuconazole metabolite with 3-mA (-15.1% change per IQR increase, 95% CI = -23.6, -5.69) suggesting a role of this pesticide in reduced demethylation processes through possible DNA glycosylase inhibition. Our results indicate an urgent need to extend the range of analyzed environmental chemicals such as azole pesticides (e.g. prothioconazole) in human biomonitoring studies. This is the first study to report urinary DNA methylation biomarkers in children and associations between CUP metabolites and a comprehensive set of biomarkers including methylated and oxidized DNA alterations. Observed associations warrant further large-scale research of these biomarkers and environmental pollutants including CUPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ilse Ottenbros
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Šulc
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Pálešová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica Sheardová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Yousefi F, Asadikaram G, Karamouzian S, Abolhassani M, Pourghadamyari H, Moazed V, Khanjani N, Paydar P. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides may induce brain cancer through oxidative stress. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:717-732. [PMID: 36180968 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221125954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, oxidative stress was investigated as the possible mechanism of action of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in primary brain tumors (PBT). The levels of seven OCP residues and enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers including erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) along with non-enzymatic oxidative biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in blood samples of 73 patients with PBT and 104 healthy controls. A significant association was found between farming activities and PBT (55% of patients were engaged in farming activities while 45% had no farming experience). The mean levels of β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDE, 4,4 DDE, 4,4 DDT, MDA, PC, NO, SOD, CAT, and GPx were significantly higher in PBT patients, whereas the levels of TAC, PON-1, and AChE were significantly lower in these patients. Regression analysis showed that PBT was correlated with β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDE, 4,4 DDE, and 4,4 DDT. Based on these results, it can be concluded that OCPs and OPPs may play a role in PBT development through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Karamouzian
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Moazed
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Neurology Research Center, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Paydar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Parny M, Coste A, Aubouy A, Rahabi M, Prat M, Pipy B, Treilhou M. Differential immunomodulatory effects of six pesticides of different chemical classes on human monocyte-derived macrophage functions. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112992. [PMID: 35395341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides through eyes, skin, ingestion and inhalation may affects human health by interfering with immune cells, such as macrophages. We evaluated, in vitro, the effect of six pesticides widely used in apple arboriculture on the functions of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). hMDMs were cultured for 4 or 24 h with or without pesticides (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol.L-1). We showed that chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, thiophanate, boscalid, and captan had little toxic effect at the tested concentrations, while dithianon had low-cytotoxicity at 10 μmol.L-1. While boscalid showed no effect on hMDMs function, thiophanate (0.01 μmol.L-1) stimulated with TPA and thiacloprid (1, 10 μmol.L-1) stimulated with zymosan activated ROS production. Chlorpyrifos, dithianon, and captan inhibited ROS production and TNF-α, IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines. We established that dithianon (0.01-1 μmol.L-1) and captan (0.1, 1 μmol.L-1) induced mRNA expression of NQO1 and HMOX1 antioxidant enzymes. Dithianon also induced the mRNA expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase-2 at 10 μmol.L-1. Together, these results show that exposure to chlorpyrifos, dithianon, and captan induce immunomodulatory effects that may influence the disease fighting properties of monocytes/macrophages while pesticides such as thiacloprid, thiophanate and boscalid have little influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Parny
- EA7417, BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France; PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Coste
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mouna Rahabi
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Melissa Prat
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Bernard Pipy
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Treilhou
- EA7417, BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
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Role of Mitochondrial Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Healthy and Diseased Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020288. [PMID: 35053404 PMCID: PMC8774478 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is pivotal in hepatotoxicity induced by alcohol abuse and different xenobiotics. In this setting, CYP2E1 generates reactive metabolites inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In addition, this enzyme appears to play a role in the progression of obesity-related fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Indeed, increased CYP2E1 activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is deemed to induce reactive oxygen species overproduction, which in turn triggers oxidative stress, necroinflammation and fibrosis. In 1997, Avadhani’s group reported for the first time the presence of CYP2E1 in rat liver mitochondria, and subsequent investigations by other groups confirmed that mitochondrial CYP2E1 (mtCYP2E1) could be found in different experimental models. In this review, we first recall the main features of CYP2E1 including its role in the biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous molecules, the regulation of its expression and activity and its involvement in different liver diseases. Then, we present the current knowledge on the physiological role of mtCYP2E1, its contribution to xenobiotic biotransformation as well as the mechanism and regulation of CYP2E1 targeting to mitochondria. Finally, we discuss experimental investigations suggesting that mtCYP2E1 could have a role in alcohol-associated liver disease, xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity and NAFLD.
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de Souza Espindola Santos A, Parks CG, Senna MM, de Carvalho LVB, Meyer A. Exposure to pesticides and oxidative stress in Brazilian agricultural communities. Biomarkers 2021; 26:539-547. [PMID: 34082618 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1933593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may be an important mechanism linking pesticide exposure to several diseases. We evaluated the association between pesticide exposures and oxidative stress biomarkers in Brazilian agricultural workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy agricultural (N = 52) and non-agricultural workers (N = 68) in a rural community in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Regular pesticide use, sociodemographic, and lifestyle information was obtained by questionnaire. Oxidative stress biomarkers (N = 7) were measured in serum and plasma. We calculated percent differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in oxidative stress biomarkers for use of pesticides adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption, using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Living close to or in the fields was associated with glutathione peroxidase activity but not with any other markers. We observed significant positive associations between 8-isoprostane levels and activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase with reported use of certain insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. Our results also indicate a significant and negative association between glutathione-S-transferase activity and insecticide use. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that use of pesticides may be associated with differences in oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Souza Espindola Santos
- Occupational and Environmental Health Branch, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christine Gibson Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, US
| | - Mariana Macedo Senna
- Studies Center of Workers Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Vargas B de Carvalho
- Studies Center of Workers Health and Human Ecology, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Armando Meyer
- Occupational and Environmental Health Branch, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lozano-Paniagua D, Parrón T, Alarcón R, Requena M, López-Guarnido O, Lacasaña M, Hernández AF. Evaluation of conventional and non-conventional biomarkers of liver toxicity in greenhouse workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112127. [PMID: 33722595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a prominent role in maintenance of homeostasis and is the major organ for xenobiotic metabolism, including pesticides. Conventional liver function tests are widely used to assess hepatocellular and biliary system dysfunction by measuring serum levels of aminotransferases (ALT, AST) and cholestasis enzymes (alkaline phosphatase -ALP- and γ-glutamyl transferase -GGT-), respectively. Although these tests are not entirely specific for liver damage, their specificity increases when measured concurrently, but still have limited usefulness to predict early liver dysfunction. Hence, non-conventional biomarkers may have a better performance for the early detection of biochemical hepatotoxicity with a greater specificity and sensitivity. A cross-sectional study with a follow-up component was conducted on 175 greenhouse workers regularly exposed to pesticides under integrated production system, and 91 controls living in the same geographical area. All individuals were evaluated for conventional (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT) and non-conventional biomarkers of hepatotoxicity (ornithine transcarbamylase (-OTC-), Arginase-1 -ARG1- and glutathione S-transferase alpha -GSTα-) over two periods of the same crop season, one of high pesticide exposure and other of low exposure. A slight increase in AST was observed in greenhouse workers relative to controls, suggestive of subtle hepatocellular toxicity. Although ALP, ARG1 and GST-α levels were decreased in greenhouse workers, this might be related to a potential homeostatic mechanism that regulates their expression. Altogether, these findings do not represent unambiguous evidence of liver dysfunction (e.g., hepatocellular or biliary system impairment) but may be the result of the low-toxicity pesticides used by greenhouse workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tesifón Parrón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Olga López-Guarnido
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.
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Bernieri T, Rodrigues D, Randon Barbosa I, Perassolo MS, Grolli Ardenghi P, Basso da Silva L. Effect of pesticide exposure on total antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in Brazilian soybean farmers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 44:170-176. [PMID: 30950301 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1566353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Farmers represent a population highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. Antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters have been used as biomarkers of occupational exposure to pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic and renal parameters as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) considering high and low exposure periods in soybean farmers in southern Brazil. The exposed group consisted of 50 soybean farmers. Two control groups were used, composed by 35 (Novo Hamburgo control group) and 28 (Sertão control group) subjects not exposed to pesticides. Farmers blood samples were collected during the high and low pesticide exposure periods. BChE, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine levels were determined. The FRAP assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential in the exposed group. Considering the exposed group, significantly lower BChE and increased AST activity were observed during high pesticide exposure period as well as higher FRAP, urea and creatinine levels; however, ALT and GGT did not differ between the two periods. When compared with the control groups, only urea and creatinine were higher in the exposed group. The present results indicate that occupational exposure to mixtures of pesticides might elicit adverse effects at the biochemical level. In addition, the study highlights the importance in considering periods of a same crop season with different degree of pesticide exposure during biologic monitoring of these biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Dabiana Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
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9
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Abdel-Shafy EA. Antioxidant status in pesticides-exposed agricultural workers. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Medithi S, Kasa YD, Jee B, Kodali V, Jonnalagadda PR. Organophosphate pesticide exposure among farm women and children: Status of micronutrients, acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 77:109-124. [PMID: 33320798 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1854646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status plays a major role in determining the possible adverse health outcomes due to pesticide toxicity. The objective of the present study was to assess the organophosphorus pesticide residue levels among farm women (FW) (24-45years) and farm children (FC) (9-12 and 13-15years) belonging to the Rangareddy district (Telangana, India) along with their micronutrient status, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress levels. Residues of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Malathion, Monocrotophos and Phosalone were found in the serum samples of FW and FC along with significantly low levels of vitamins and minerals. Inhibition of AChE activity was observed in FW and FC and altered oxidative stress parameters among FW. Correlation studies have found significant associations between the pesticide residues, micronutrients and antioxidant enzymes. The study suggests an association between pesticide exposure coupled with micronutrient deficiency, induced AChE inhibition, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujana Medithi
- Food Safety Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences (SIHS), Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogeswar Dayal Kasa
- Food Safety Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Babban Jee
- Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkaiah Kodali
- Biostatics Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja R Jonnalagadda
- Food Safety Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Santillán-Sidón P, Pérez-Morales R, Anguiano G, Ruiz-Baca E, Osten JRV, Olivas-Calderón E, Vazquez-Boucard C. Glutathione S-transferase activity and genetic polymorphisms associated with exposure to organochloride pesticides in Todos Santos, BCS, Mexico: a preliminary study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43223-43232. [PMID: 32734539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the impact of exposure to mixtures of organochloride pesticides (OCPs) in agricultural workers by detecting their effects on the activity of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the presence of polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. The presence of OCPs was identified and quantified by gas chromatography, while spectrophotometry was used to measure enzymatic GST activity. The frequencies of the GSTM1 genotypes were analyzed by multiplex PCR. A total of 18 metabolites of OCPs were identified in the workers' blood, most of which are either prohibited (DDT and its metabolites p, p'DDD and p, p'DDE, dieldrin, endrin, aldrin) and/or restricted (δ hexachlorocyclohexane, cis chlordane, methoxychlor, and endosulfan). The results obtained indicate lower levels of GST activity at higher OCPs concentrations detected in blood from exposed workers, together with an increase in OCP levels in individuals who presented the GSTT1*0 and GSTM1*0 genotypes. These conditions place the detoxification process in agricultural workers with null polymorphisms in the GST genes and high concentrations of OCPs in the blood (especially DDT and its metabolites, DDD and DDE) at risk, and increase their susceptibility to develop serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Santillán-Sidón
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Pérez-Morales
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Articulo #123 Filadelfia, CP 35010, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Anguiano
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, Mexico
| | - Estela Ruiz-Baca
- Genoproteomic Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-Von Osten
- Laboratory of Identification of Persistent Organic Pollutants. EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Agustín de Melgar y Juan de la Barrera s/n, 24039, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Edgar Olivas-Calderón
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Articulo #123 Filadelfia, CP 35010, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Celia Vazquez-Boucard
- Proteomic and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle IPN, #195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Glutathione Transferase P1-1 an Enzyme Useful in Biomedicine and as Biomarker in Clinical Practice and in Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081741. [PMID: 31357662 PMCID: PMC6723968 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) is expressed in some human tissues and is abundant in mammalian erythrocytes (here termed e-GST). This enzyme is able to detoxify the cell from endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds by using glutathione (GSH) or by acting as a ligandin. This review collects studies that propose GSTP1-1 as a useful biomarker in different fields of application. The most relevant studies are focused on GSTP1-1 as a biosensor to detect blood toxicity in patients affected by kidney diseases. In fact, this detoxifying enzyme is over-expressed in erythrocytes when unusual amounts of toxins are present in the body. Here we review articles concerning the level of GST in chronic kidney disease patients, in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to assess dialysis adequacy. GST is also over-expressed in autoimmune disease like scleroderma, and in kidney transplant patients and it may be used to check the efficiency of transplanted kidneys. The involvement of GSTP in the oxidative stress and in other human pathologies like cancer, liver and neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders is also reported. Promising applications of e-GST discussed in the present review are its use for monitoring human subjects living in polluted areas and mammals for veterinary purpose.
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Assessment of genotoxicity and cholinesterase activity among women workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in tea garden. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 841:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Costa C, Miozzi E, Teodoro M, Fenga C. Influence of genetic polymorphism on pesticide-induced oxidative stress. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Saad-Husse A, Shafik Abd M, Mohamed Sh E, Seleem Fou M, Mohammed M A. Synergistic Oxidative Effects of Smoking and Pesticides Exposure on Reproductive Male Sex Hormones. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018; 18:450-457. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2018.450.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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Lozano-Paniagua D, Parrón T, Alarcón R, Requena M, Gil F, López-Guarnido O, Lacasaña M, Hernández AF. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood of workers exposed to non-cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:121-128. [PMID: 29990723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In occupational settings workers are often exposed to pesticides at relatively high doses compared to environmental exposures. Long-term exposure to pesticides has been associated with numerous adverse health effects in epidemiological studies, and oxidative stress is often claimed as one of the underlying mechanisms. In fact, different pesticides have been reported to induce oxidative stress due to the generation of free radicals and/or alteration in antioxidant defense enzymes. The present study examined greenhouse workers regularly exposed to diverse pesticides under integrated production system, and a group of controls of the same geographic area without any chemical exposure. Two different periods of the same crop season were assessed, one of high exposure (with greater use of pesticides) and other of low exposure (in which a less use of these compounds was made). Non-specific biomarkers of oxidative stress, e.g. thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric reducing ability of serum (FRAS), total thiol groups (SHT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were measured in serum samples from all study subjects, alongside erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results are suggestive of a mild increase in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, which was compensated by an adaptive response to raise the antioxidant defenses and thus counter the detrimental effects of sustained oxidative stress. This response led to significantly increased levels of FRAS, SHT and PON1 in greenhouse workers relative to controls. Furthermore, AChE was decreased likely as a result of oxidative stress as workers did not use organophosphate insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lozano-Paniagua
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | - Olga López-Guarnido
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Spain; CIBERESP, Spain; ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Spain.
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17
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Sabarwal A, Kumar K, Singh RP. Hazardous effects of chemical pesticides on human health-Cancer and other associated disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 63:103-114. [PMID: 30199797 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning from pesticides is a global public health problem and accounts for nearly 300,000 deaths worldwide every year. Exposure to pesticides is inevitable; there are different modes through which humans get exposed to pesticides. The mode of exposure is an important factor as it also signifies the concentration of pesticides exposure. Pesticides are used extensively in agricultural and domestic settings. These chemicals are believed to cause many disorders in humans and wildlife. Research from past few decades has tried to answer the associated mechanism of action of pesticides in conjunction with their harmful effects. This perspective considers the past and present research in the field of pesticides and associated disorders. We have reviewed the most common diseases including cancer which are associated with pesticides. Pesticides have shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases as well as various disorders of the respiratory and reproductive tracts. Oxidative stress caused by pesticides is an important mechanism through which many of the pesticides exert their harmful effects. Oxidative stress is known to cause DNA damage which in turn may cause malignancies and other disorders. Many pesticides have shown to modulate the gene expression at the level of non-coding RNAs, histone deacetylases, DNA methylation patterns suggesting their role in epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Sabarwal
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunal Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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18
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Yahia D, Ali MF. Assessment of neurohepatic DNA damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to organophosphates and pyrethroid insecticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15616-15629. [PMID: 29572745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate, and lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) insecticides in rat brain and liver using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Three groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally to one third LD50of CPF, dimethoate, or LCT for 24 and 48 h while the control group received corn oil. Serum samples were collected for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); the brain and liver samples were used for comet assay and for histopathological examination. Results showed that signs of neurotoxicity appeared clinically as backward stretching of hind limb and splayed gait in dimethoate and LCT groups, respectively. CPF, LCT, and dimethoate induced oxidative stress indicated by increased MDA and decreased GPx levels. CPF and LCT caused severe DNA damage in the brain and liver at 24 and 48 h indicated by increased percentage of DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Dimethoate induced mild DNA damage in the brain and liver at 48 h. Histopathological changes were observed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and liver of exposed rats. The results concluded that CPF, LCT, and dimethoate insecticides induced oxidative stress and DNA damage associated with histological changes in the brain and liver of exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Yahia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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19
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Attignon EA, Distel E, Le-Grand B, Leblanc AF, Barouki R, de Oliveira E, Aggerbeck M, Blanc EB. Down-regulation of the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 4 and CYP2E1 by the combination of α-endosulfan and dioxin in HepaRG human cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:309-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Bianco GE, Suarez E, Cazon L, de la Puente TB, Ahrendts MRB, De Luca JC. Prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in Argentinean agricultural workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21146-21152. [PMID: 28730367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about biosecurity measures and toxic effects during pesticide application in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, particularly concerning the protective measures and mixture of pesticides used by rural workers. We carried out an observational study of agricultural workers from Jujuy (76 exposed subjects and 53 controls) to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human lymphocytes as well as the activity level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in red blood cell erythrocytes. Whole blood samples (5 mL) were collected in heparinized Vacutainer tubes for cytogenetic analysis and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity determination according to Ellman's method. Cytogenetic results showed a significant CA increase in pesticide-exposed individuals as compared with controls (4.20 ± 0.15 vs. 1.00 ± 0.05, respectively; p < 0.001), suggesting that pesticides are clastogenic agents causing DNA damage. Erythrocyte cholinesterase activity was significantly lower in exposed individuals, evidencing the possible occurrence of perturbations in blood as well as neurotoxicity in pesticide sprayers. These results suggest the need for periodic biomonitoring of these biomarkers together with education and training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Eugenia Bianco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Eva Suarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Lauro Cazon
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Teresita Beatriz de la Puente
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47 (Y4600DTA), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | | | - Julio César De Luca
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), CC 296 AVW, B1900, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina.
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21
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Zepeda-Arce R, Rojas-García AE, Benitez-Trinidad A, Herrera-Moreno JF, Medina-Díaz IM, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Villegas GP, Hernández-Ochoa I, Sólis Heredia MDJ, Bernal-Hernández YY. Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1754-1764. [PMID: 28233943 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture and public health campaigns has been associated with an increase of oxidative stress and DNA damage, resulting in health outcomes. Some defense mechanisms against free radical-induced oxidative damage include the antioxidant enzyme systems. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and the relationship of antioxidant enzyme levels with DNA damage among sprayers (workers) occupationally exposed to pesticides. The determinations of MDA and antioxidant enzymes were performed spectrophotometrically. The genotoxic effects were evaluated using the comet assay. The results showed a marginally significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities in the high exposure group compared to the control group. For MDA, statistically significant differences were found among people working long term vs. those working temporarily (P = 0.02) as sprayers. In the moderate exposure group, a positive correlation was observed between MDA levels and GPx activity. In the high exposure group, a negative correlation was observed between GR and CAT activities, and between MDA levels and GPx activities. Furthermore, in the high exposure group, a positive correlation between DNA damage parameters and MDA levels was observed. The results suggest an important role of antioxidant enzymes for the protection of DNA damage caused by occupational exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigoberto Zepeda-Arce
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alma Benitez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia S Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Germán Pier Villegas
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Isabel Hernández-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Toxicología, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - María de Jesús Sólis Heredia
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Toxicología, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | - Yael Y Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190. Tepic, Nayarit, México
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22
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Salazar PB, de Athayde Moncorvo Collado A, Canal-Martínez V, Minahk CJ. Differential inhibition of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by polyphenols epigallocatechin-3-gallate and resveratrol. Relevance of the membrane-bound form. Biofactors 2017; 43:73-81. [PMID: 27591048 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from human erythrocytes was tested in the presence of the phenolic compounds resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Even though the stilbene barely changed this enzymatic activity, EGCG did inhibit AChE. Importantly, it preferentially acted on the membrane-bound enzyme rather than on its soluble form. Actually, it was shown that this flavonoid may bind to the red blood cell membrane surface, which may improve the interaction between EGCG and AChE. Therefore, caution should be taken when screening AChE inhibitors. In fact, testing compounds with the soluble form of the enzyme may underestimate the activity of some of these potential inhibitors, hence it would be advisable not to use them as a sole model system for screening. Moreover, erythrocyte AChE is proposed as a good model for these enzymatic assays. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):73-81, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula B Salazar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica ''Dr. Bernabe Bloj'', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alejandro de Athayde Moncorvo Collado
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica ''Dr. Bernabe Bloj'', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Verónica Canal-Martínez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica ''Dr. Bernabe Bloj'', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carlos J Minahk
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica ''Dr. Bernabe Bloj'', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
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Perumalla Venkata R, Rahman MF, Mahboob M, Indu Kumari S, Chinde S, M. B, Dumala N, Grover P. Assessment of genotoxicity in female agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. Biomarkers 2016; 22:446-454. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. F. Rahman
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M. Mahboob
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S. Indu Kumari
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Chinde
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bhanuramya M.
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Dumala
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Paramjit Grover
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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24
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Žunec S, Kašuba V, Pavičić I, Marjanović AM, Tariba B, Milić M, Kopjar N, Pizent A, Vrdoljak AL, Rozgaj R, Želježić D. Assessment of oxidative stress responses and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the herbicide tembotrione in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Ojha A, Gupta YK. Evaluation of genotoxic potential of commonly used organophosphate pesticides in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:390-400. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114537534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), methyl parathion (MPT), and malathion (MLT) are among the most extensively used organophosphate (OP) pesticides in India. DNA protein cross-links (DPC) and DNA strand breaks are toxic lesions associated with the mechanism(s) of toxicity of carcinogenic compounds. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that individual and interactive genotoxic effects of CPF, MPT, and MLT are involved in the formation of DPC and DNA strand break. The DNA strand break was measured by comet assay and expressed as DNA damage index, while DPC estimation was carried out by fluorescence emission assay. The results showed that exposure of rat lymphocytes with CPF, MPT, and MLT caused significantly marked increase in DNA damage and DPC formation in time-dependent manner. MPT caused the highest damage, and these pesticides do not potentiate the toxicity of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - YK Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Świergosz-Kowalewska R, Molenda P, Halota A. Effects of chemical and thermal stress on acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of the bank vole, Myodes glareolus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:204-212. [PMID: 24853134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important issues in ecotoxicology is better understanding the effects of interactions between chemical pollutants and physical environmental factors on animals. To fill this knowledge gap, changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain samples of bank voles Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus due to temperature effects, and two chemical stressors were studied in a full factorial laboratory experiment (27 treatments). The experiment was divided into three phases: acclimatisation (3 days), intoxication (42 days) and elimination (21 days). During the intoxication phase, animals were orally exposed to different concentrations of either nickel (0, 300 or 800 mg Ni/kg food), chlorpyrifos (CPF) (0, 50 or 350 mg CPF/kg food) or a mixture of both chemicals. During the acclimatisation and elimination phases, the bank voles were given uncontaminated food. The experiment was conducted at three different temperatures (10, 20 or 30 °C), and a 12 h:12 h light:dark regime. The animals were sacrificed at 0, 5, 10, 20, 42, 49 and 63 days after the beginning of the intoxication, and brain samples were obtained for chemical analysis. The nickel accumulation in the brain depended on the level of nickel exposure and on interactions between the temperature and other factors. Nickel exhibited no effect on AChE activity. In contrast, AChE was drastically inhibited by chlorpyrifos and low temperature, but interactions between all factors significantly influenced the enzyme activity during the elimination phase of the experiment. High mortality was observed in the groups exposed to high concentrations of nickel and chlorpyrifos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Molenda
- Jegiellonian University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Halota
- Jegiellonian University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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27
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Gbadegesin MA, Owumi SE, Akinseye V, Odunola OA. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity of carbofuran in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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