1
|
Rattanasrisomporn J, Tantikositruj C, Thiptara A, Kitpipit W, Wichianrat I, Kayan A, Boonkaewwan C. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Vet World 2022; 15:885-889. [PMID: 35698506 PMCID: PMC9178577 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.885-889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The principal cytokines released by the host on infection include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These cytokines were regarded as regulators of the host’s response to infection. This study aimed to determine the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from six Betong chickens. To isolate PBMCs, density gradient centrifugation was utilized. PBMC culture in RPMI1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum was stimulated with various concentrations of LPS (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μg/mL). The production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: When the PBMCs were cultured for 24 h with varying doses of LPS, there was no significant variation in cell viability. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured in Betong chicken PBMC. The release of these cytokines increased considerably as LPS concentration (0.01-1 μg/mL) increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In vitro studies of the chicken immune response, notably the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, can be conducted using PBMCs obtained from chicken blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Anyarat Thiptara
- Department of Livestock Development, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Southern Region), Nakhon Si Thammarat 80110, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Kitpipit
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand. Food Technology and Innovation Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Ittidet Wichianrat
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Autchara Kayan
- Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Boonkaewwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaur G, Verma R, Mukhopadhyay CS, Sethi R. Elevated pulmonary levels of Axin2 in mice exposed to herbicide 2,4-D with or without endotoxin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22912. [PMID: 34463001 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a member of the phenoxy family of herbicides is commonly used in agriculture for controlling broadleaf weeds but its uncontrolled and incoherent use has been linked to incidences of lung toxicity. The present study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the 2,4-D alone or in combination with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) induced pulmonary toxicity. Blood and lung samples were collected from Swiss albino mice (n = 48) following chronic exposure to high (37 mg/kg; 1/10th of LD50 ) and low (18.5 mg/kg; 1/20th of LD50 ) doses of 2,4-D alone or in combination with endotoxin (80 µg/animal). Transcriptome analysis revealed Wnt Canonical signaling as one of the top dysregulated pathways in mice lung following exposure to 2,4-D with and without endotoxin (LPS) co-exposure. Global view of differentially expressed genes showed increased messenger RNA expression of Axin2 by 0.26, 2.58, 3.14, 2.59, and 2.97 folds following exposure to LPS, high dose alone or in combination with LPS and low dose alone or in combination with LPS, respectively. The microarray data were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the plasma concentration of Axin2 was elevated in the high dose group as revealed by Sandwich ELISA. The data taken together suggest a role of Axin2 to activate the Canonical Wnt signaling pathway in 2,4-D and or endotoxin-induced lung damage in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ramsaran Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang SB, Chen SM, Zhu KS, Zhou B, Chen L, Zou XY. Increased lipopolysaccharide content is positively correlated with glucocorticoid receptor-beta expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:605-614. [PMID: 32870597 PMCID: PMC7654414 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common and frequently occurring disease of the upper respiratory tract. The nasal instillation of the Gram‐negative (G−) bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce not only acute sinusitis but also the development of CRSwNP in animal models. Nevertheless, the expression and distribution of LPS in patients with CRSwNP have not been investigated. And the study was to investigate the expression of LPS and its relationship with glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in CRSwNP. Methods Multiple methods, including bacterial culture and immunohistochemistry, were used to detect and analyze nasal bacteria, plasma LPS content, and the levels of LPS and GR‐α/β, cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression, as well as their relationship in CRSwNP. Results The number of G− bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was not significantly different between CRSwNP subjects and the controls. However, the positive rate of LPS was much higher than that of E. coli in CRSwNP subjects and was significantly higher in noneosinophilic CRSwNP subjects than in eosinophilic CRSwNP subjects. Moreover, the LPS levels were positively correlated with GR‐β but not GR‐α expression in CRSwNP. Immunofluorescence assays showed that LPS was mainly detected in CD68+ macrophages and MPO+ neutrophils, in addition to histiocytes, in CRSwNP. Conclusions Persistent LPS in CRSwNP can lead to unresolved mucosal inflammation, eventually leading to tissue remodeling and the development of CRSwNP. Our findings suggest that increased LPS content and possible resistance to glucocorticoids may be one of the important pathogenic mechanisms of G− bacteria in CRSwNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Bin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Himly M, Geppert M, Hofer S, Hofstätter N, Horejs-Höck J, Duschl A. When Would Immunologists Consider a Nanomaterial to be Safe? Recommendations for Planning Studies on Nanosafety. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907483. [PMID: 32239645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is professional in recognizing and responding to non-self, including nanomaterials. Immune responses by professional and nonprofessional immune cells are thus nearly inevitable upon exposure of cells and organisms to such materials. The state of research into taking the immune system into account in nanosafety studies is reviewed and three aspects in which further improvements are desirable are identified: 1) Due to technical limitations, more stringent testing for endotoxin contamination should be made. 2) Since under overdose conditions immunity shows unphysiological responses, all doses used should be justified by being equivalent to tissue-delivered doses. 3) When markers of acute inflammation or cell stress are observed, functional assays are necessary to distinguish between homeostatic fluctuation and genuine defensive or tolerogenic responses. Since immune activation can also indicate that the immune system considers a stimulus to be harmless and induces tolerance, activation markers by themselves do not necessarily imply a danger to the body. Guidelines such as these are necessary to approach the point where specific nanomaterials are classified as safe based on reliable testing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Himly
- Department for Biosciences & Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Mark Geppert
- Department for Biosciences & Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Sabine Hofer
- Department for Biosciences & Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Norbert Hofstätter
- Department for Biosciences & Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Höck
- Department for Biosciences & Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department for Biosciences & Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vuko M, Cania B, Vogel C, Kublik S, Schloter M, Schulz S. Shifts in reclamation management strategies shape the role of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria during soil formation. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:584-598. [PMID: 31920012 PMCID: PMC7017822 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric substances produced by microbes play a key role for the development of soil aggregates. Here, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial families contributing to the formation of exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, major constituents of polymeric substances, at a managed land reclamation site of a post-mining area. We collected soil samples from the initial and the agricultural management phase and expected a peak in the abundance of bacteria capable for exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide production at the points of the biggest disturbances. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing in combination with measurements of exopolysaccharide concentrations. Our results underline the importance of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria after nutrient input combined with structural disturbance events, caused here by the initial planting of alfalfa and the introduction of a tillage regime together with organic fertilization in the agricultural management phase. Moreover, the changes in management caused a shift in the exopolysaccharide/lipopolysaccharide-producing community. The initial phase was dominated by typical colonizers of oligotrophic environments, specifically nitrogen fixers (Rhizobiaceae, Comamonadaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae), while bacteria common in agricultural soils, such as Sphingomonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae and Nitrospiraceae, prevailed in the agricultural management phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miljenka Vuko
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstr. 1DE‐85764NeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Soil ScienceTechnical University of MunichEmil‐Ramann‐Straße 2DE‐85354FreisingGermany
| | - Barbara Cania
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstr. 1DE‐85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Cordula Vogel
- Institute of Soil Science and Site EcologyTechnical University of DresdenPienner Str. 19DE‐01737TharandtGermany
| | - Susanne Kublik
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstr. 1DE‐85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstr. 1DE‐85764NeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Soil ScienceTechnical University of MunichEmil‐Ramann‐Straße 2DE‐85354FreisingGermany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI)Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstr. 1DE‐85764NeuherbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basauri A, González-Fernández C, Fallanza M, Bringas E, Fernandez-Lopez R, Giner L, Moncalián G, de la Cruz F, Ortiz I. Biochemical interactions between LPS and LPS-binding molecules. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:292-305. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1709797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Basauri
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Fallanza
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Eugenio Bringas
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Raúl Fernandez-Lopez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia (IBBTEC), CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Laura Giner
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia (IBBTEC), CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Gabriel Moncalián
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia (IBBTEC), CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia (IBBTEC), CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hudda N, Durant JL, Nemeth A, Mann P, Petitto J, Brugge D, Nephew BC. Bedding-generated particulate matter: implications for rodent studies. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:368-375. [PMID: 31762350 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1694109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rodents used in scientific research are typically housed in cages containing natural bedding materials. Despite extensive evidence of biological harm from inhaled particulate matter (PM), relatively little work has been performed to measure bedding-generated PM exposure in caged animals used in basic science research. Our objectives were to determine whether bedding-generated PM was present in significant concentrations in rodent cages and to identify the main factors affecting the accumulation and attenuation of bedding-generated PM inside cages. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured PM2.5 concentrations in cages containing common bedding materials (pine, aspen, paper, and corncob) with filter top isolator absent or present on the cages. PM2.5 concentrations were monitored with rats inside cages as well as during artificial manipulation of the bedding (designed to simulate rodent activity). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Upon rodent digging or mechanical/manual stirring, all four bedding materials produced significant increases in PM2.5 concentrations (as much as 100-200 µg/m3 PM2.5, 50- to 100-fold higher than during periods of no rodent activity), and concentrations in cages fitted with filter tops were an order of magnitude higher than in cages without filter tops. Elevated concentrations were sustained for longer durations in cages with filter tops (5-10 minutes) compared to cages with only bar lids (0-2 minutes). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that standard laboratory housing conditions can expose rodents to substantial levels of PM2.5. Bedding-generated PM has potential implications as an environmental agent in rodent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nemeth
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Phyllis Mann
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Petitto
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Brugge
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin C Nephew
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jackie J, Lau WK, Feng HT, Li SFY. Detection of Endotoxins: From Inferring the Responses of Biological Hosts to the Direct Chemical Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:126-137. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1479958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Jackie
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Khin Lau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hua-Tao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arteaga V, Mitchell D, Armitage T, Tancredi D, Schenker M, Mitloehner F. Cage Versus Noncage Laying-Hen Housings: Respiratory Exposures. J Agromedicine 2016; 20:245-55. [PMID: 26237714 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1044681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the personal respiratory exposures of poultry workers in three different types of layer housing under commercial production conditions. Workers were randomly assigned to each of conventional cage, enriched cage, and aviary barns in a crossover repeated-measures design for three observation periods over the hens' lifetime. Inhalable and fine particulate matter (PM) and endotoxin in both size fractions were assessed by personal and area samplers over the work shift. Concentrations of inhalable PM, PM2.5 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm), and endotoxin in both size fractions were higher in aviary than either the conventional or enriched barns. Geometric means (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of inhalable PM and endotoxin for the aviary, conventional, and enriched barns were 8.9 (6.8-11.5) mg/m(3) and 7517.9 (5403.2-10,460.2) EU/m(3), 3.7 (2.8-4.8) mg/m(3) and 1655.7 (1144.6-2395.2) EU/m(3), 2.4 (1.8-3.3) mg/m(3) and 1404.8 (983.3-2007.0) EU/m(3), respectively. Area samplers recorded a lower mean inhalable PM concentration and higher PM2.5 concentration than personal samplers. Ammonia concentrations were low throughout three monitoring seasons. These findings show that the aviary barns pose higher respiratory exposures to poultry workers than either conventional or enriched barns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Arteaga
- a Department of Animal Science , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fennrich S, Hennig U, Toliashvili L, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Stoppelkamp S. More than 70 Years of Pyrogen Detection: Current State and Future Perspectives. Altern Lab Anim 2016; 44:239-53. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291604400305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the quality assurance of medical products, tests for sterility are essential. For parenteral pharmaceuticals, avoiding the presence of pyrogens is crucial. These fever-inducing substances (endotoxins and non-endotoxins) are not eliminated by standard sterilisation processes, and are biologically active once in the bloodstream, causing risks to human health, ranging from mild reactions (e.g. fever) to septic shock and death. Therefore, for injectable formulations, pyrogen testing is mandatory. Over the years, various pyrogen testing methods have been introduced, namely: in the 1940s, the rabbit pyrogen test, which is an in vivo test that measures the fever reaction as an endpoint; in the 1970s, the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) test, which is an in vitro test (with the haemolymph of the horseshoe crab) that specifically detects endotoxin; and in 2010, the Monocyte-Activation Test (MAT), which is a non-animal based in vitro pyrogen test that represents a full replacement of the rabbit test. Due to the ubiquity and biological significance of pyrogens, we are currently further developing the MAT so that it can be used for other applications. More specifically, our focus is on the detection of pyrogenic contamination on medical devices, as well as on the measurement of air quality. In addition, further improvements to permit the use of cryopreserved blood in the MAT, to overcome the limitations in the availability of freshly-drawn blood from human donors, are ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fennrich
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Clinic of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hennig
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Clinic of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leila Toliashvili
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Clinic of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Clinic of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Clinic of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Stoppelkamp
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Clinic of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ozgocer T, Yildiz S, Elbe H, Vardi N. Endotoxin exposure and puberty in female rats: the role of nitric oxide and caspase-1 inhibition in neonates. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:603-14. [PMID: 26061900 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins are widespread in the environment as well as in the digestive system of humans and animals. Toxin from Gram-negative bacteria (endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide; LPS) has a life-long programming effect on reproduction in rats, but the mediators have not been well-documented, so we investigated the effects of LPS on the timing of puberty in female rats. Because the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) increase following injection of LPS, we injected neonates (post-natal day (pnd) 7) with LPS, with or without NO or IL-1β inhibitors. Half of the prepubescent (pnd 30) animals received an additional LPS injection. Vaginal opening, number of ovarian follicles, and serum anti-LPS antibodies were determined. A single LPS injection was sufficient to reduce the primordial follicle pool, but puberty was delayed when rats received 2 LPS injections (at pnd 7 and 30). NO or IL-1β inhibitors improved both of these parameters, suggesting that the early detrimental effects of LPS on puberty and primordial follicle pool are mediated by NO and IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ozgocer
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yildiz
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hulya Elbe
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Duquenne P, Ambroise D, Görner P, Clerc F, Greff-Mirguet G. Exposure to airborne endotoxins among sewer workers: an exploratory study. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2014; 58:283-93. [PMID: 24470536 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory bioaerosol sampling was performed in order to assess exposure to airborne endotoxins during sewer work. Personal samples were collected in underground sewer pipes using 37-mm closed-face cassettes containing fibreglass filters (CFC-FG method) or polycarbonate filters (CFC-PC method). Endotoxins were quantified using the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. Concentrations of airborne endotoxins at sewer workplaces (16-420 EU m(-3)) were higher than those measured outside the sewer network (0.6-122 EU m(-3)). Sewer worker exposure to airborne endotoxins depended on the workplace and on the tasks. Exposure levels were the highest for tasks involving agitation of water and matter, especially for 'chamber cleanup' and 'pipes cleanup' with a high-pressure water jet. Airborne endotoxin levels at the workplace tended to be higher when CFC-FG was used as the sampling method rather than CFC-PC. The adjusted mean of the measured concentrations for CFC-PC represents 57% of the mean observed with CFC-FG. The number of samples collected in the descriptive study was too low for drawing definitive conclusions and further exposure investigations are needed. Therefore, our exploratory study provides new exposure data for the insufficiently documented sewer working environment and it would be useful for designing larger exposures studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Duquenne
- 1. Département Métrologie des Polluants, INRS, 1 rue du Morvan CS 60027, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lee J, Su J, Gates RS. Monitoring total endotoxin and (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan at the air exhaust of concentrated animal feeding operations. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:1190-1198. [PMID: 24282971 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.810556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of bioaerosol emissions from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) demands knowledge of bioaerosol concentrations feeding into an end-of-pipe air treatment process. The aim of this preliminary study was to measure total endotoxin and (1 --> 3)-beta-glucan concentrations at the air exhaust of 18 commercial CAFOs and to examine their variability with animal operation type (swine farrowing, swine gestation, swine weaning, swine finishing, manure belt laying hen, and tom turkey) and season (cold, mild, and hot). The measured airborne concentrations of total endotoxin ranged from 98 to 23,157 endotoxin units (EU)/m3, and the airborne concentrations of total (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan ranged from 2.4 to 537.9 ng/m3. Animal operation type in this study had a significant effect on airborne concentrations of total endotoxin and (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan but no significant effect on their concentrations in total suspended particulate (TSP). Both endotoxin and (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan attained their highest airborne concentrations in visited tom turkey buildings. Comparatively, season had no significant effect on airborne concentrations of total endotoxin or (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan. Endotoxin and (1 --> 3)-beta-glucan concentrations in TSP dust appeared to increase as the weather became warmer, and this seasonal effect was significant in swine buildings. Elevated indoor temperatures in the hot season were considered to facilitate the growth and propagation of bacteria and fungi, thus leading to higher biocomponent concentrations in TSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delfino RJ. Do endotoxin and air pollution have a synergistic relationship to asthma onset or exacerbation? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:1037-8. [PMID: 19923399 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200908-1285ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
15
|
Lundin JI, Checkoway H. Endotoxin and cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1344-50. [PMID: 19750096 PMCID: PMC2737008 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, is widespread in many industrial settings and in the ambient environment. Heavy-exposure environments include livestock farms, cotton textile facilities, and saw mills. Concentrations are highly variable in non-occupational indoor and outdoor environments. Endotoxin is a potent inflammagen with recognized health effects, including fever, shaking chills, septic shock, toxic pneumonitis, and respiratory symptoms. Somewhat paradoxically, given the putative role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, various lines of evidence suggest that endotoxin may prevent cancer initiation or limit tumor growth. The hypothesis that components of bacteria may retard cancer progression dates back to William B. Coley's therapeutic experiments ("bacterial vaccine") in the 1890s. DATA SOURCES In this article, we review epidemiologic, clinical trial, and experimental studies pertinent to the hypothesis that endotoxin prevents cancer. Since the 1970s, epidemiologic studies of cotton textile and other endotoxin-exposed occupational groups have consistently demonstrated reduced lung cancer risks. Experimental animal toxicology research and some limited therapeutic trials in cancer patients offer additional support for an anticarcinogenic potential. The underlying biological mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis are not entirely understood but are thought to involve the recruitment and activation of immune cells and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 and -6). CONCLUSIONS In view of the current state of knowledge, it would be premature to recommend endotoxin as a cancer-chemopreventive agent. Nonetheless, further epidemiologic and experimental investigations that can clarify further dose-effect and exposure-timing relations could have substantial public health and basic biomedical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Lundin
- Address correspondence to J.I. Lundin, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Office E-179E, Box 357234, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Telephone: (206) 221-5619. Fax: (206) 685-3990. E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Song KS, Kim HJ, Kim K, Lee JG, Yoon JH. Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 suppresses LPS-induced MUC5AC overproduction in the airway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 41:40-9. [PMID: 19059885 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0280oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus overproduction and airway obstruction are common features in airway mucosal inflammation. The mechanism by which LPS induces MUC5AC overexpression, however, has not been fully explored. The aims of this study were twofold: first, to examine the ATP-dependent mechanism by which LPS induces MUC5AC gene expression, and second, to identify specific molecules that could suppress LPS-induced MUC5AC expression at a G-protein-coupled receptor level. Here, we suggest that LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces MUC5AC overproduction by both an ATP-dependent pathway and an ATP-independent pathway. In addition, we showed that Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) 4 plays as a suppressor for ATP-induced MUC5AC expression by interacting with G alpha q in a GTP-dependent manner in vivo. These results give additional insights into the molecular mechanism of negative regulation of mucin overproduction and enhance our understanding of mucus hypersecretion during airway mucosal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Seob Song
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Solomon GM, Hjelmroos-Koski M, Rotkin-Ellman M, Hammond SK. Airborne mold and endotoxin concentrations in New Orleans, Louisiana, after flooding, October through November 2005. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:1381-6. [PMID: 16966092 PMCID: PMC1570051 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hurricanes and flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana, in October and November 2005 resulted in damp conditions favorable to the dispersion of bioaerosols such as mold spores and endotoxin. OBJECTIVE Our objective in this study was to assess potential human exposure to bioaerosols in New Orleans after the flooding of the city. METHODS A team of investigators performed continuous airborne sampling for mold spores and endotoxin outdoors in flooded and nonflooded areas, and inside homes that had undergone various levels of remediation, for periods of 5-24 hr during the 2 months after the flooding. RESULTS The estimated 24-hr mold concentrations ranged from 21,000 to 102,000 spores/m3 in outdoor air and from 11,000 to 645,000 spores/m3 in indoor air. The mean outdoor spore concentration in flooded areas was roughly double the concentration in nonflooded areas (66,167 vs. 33,179 spores/m3 ; p < 0.05) . The highest concentrations were inside homes. The most common mold species were from the genera of Cladosporium and Aspergillus/Penicillium ; Stachybotrys was detected in some indoor samples. The airborne endotoxin concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 8.3 EU (endotoxin units) /m3 but did not vary with flooded status or between indoor and outdoor environments. CONCLUSIONS The high concentration of mold measured indoors and outdoors in the New Orleans area is likely to be a significant respiratory hazard that should be monitored over time. Workers and returning residents should use appropriate personal protective equipment and exposure mitigation techniques to prevent respiratory morbidity and long-term health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Solomon
- Natural Resources Defense Council, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dales R, Miller D, Ruest K, Guay M, Judek S. Airborne endotoxin is associated with respiratory illness in the first 2 years of life. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:610-4. [PMID: 16581554 PMCID: PMC1440789 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine the influence of endotoxin on the incidence of acute respiratory illness during the first 2 years of life, we carried out a longitudinal follow-up study, beginning at birth, of 332 children born in Prince Edward Island, Canada. We measured 5-day averaged air endotoxin in the homes of children, whose parents provided information by daily symptom diaries and twice-monthly telephone contact for up to 2 years. Endotoxin concentration was 0.49 +/- 3.49 EU/m3 (geometric mean +/- geometric SD), and number of annualized illness episodes was 6.83 +/- 2.80 (mean +/- SD). A doubling of the air endotoxin concentration was associated with an increase of 0.32 illness episodes per year (p = 0.0003), adjusted for age, year of study, breast-feeding, environmental tobacco smoke, child care attendance, indoor temperature, and income. Indoor mold surface area and fungal ergosterol were not significantly associated with endotoxin. Airborne endotoxin appears to be a risk factor for clinically symptomatic respiratory illnesses during the first 2 years of life independent of indoor fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dales
- Air Health Effects Division, Health Canada, Ottawa Hospital (General Campus), 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
LeVan TD, Von Essen S, Romberger DJ, Lambert GP, Martinez FD, Vasquez MM, Merchant JA. Polymorphisms in the CD14 gene associated with pulmonary function in farmers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 171:773-9. [PMID: 15591473 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200404-530oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Farmers experience airway obstruction, which may be attributable in part to endotoxin inhalation. CD14 is a receptor for endotoxin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on our findings of increased circulating CD14 associated with the CD14/-159 T allele, we hypothesized that carriers of this allele would have decreased lung function among endotoxin-exposed individuals. CD14/-159TT farmers (n = 19) had significantly lower lung function as measured by FEV1 (p = 0.028) and mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC (FEF25-75) (p = 0.05) compared with farmers with the C allele (n = 78). Also, farmers with the CD14/-1619GG genotype (n =11) were associated with lower lung function (FEV1, p = 0.008; FEF25-75, p = 0.009) compared with farmers with the A allele (n = 86). RESULTS No association between CD14/-550 and lung function was observed (FEV1, p = 0.32; FEF25-75, p = 0.11). Increased prevalence of wheezing was reported in farmers homozygous for CD14/-159T (p = 0.013) or CD14/-1619G (p = 0.019) compared with farmers with the CC or AA genotype, respectively. No association was found between TLR4/Asp299Gly and lung function or wheeze. CONCLUSION We conclude that the CD14/-159 or CD14/-1619 loci may play a role in modulating lung function and wheeze among agricultural workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia D LeVan
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|