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Zhao Q, Wu G, Wang H. Effect of health rights accessibility on the urban integration of minority rural migrants in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:761. [PMID: 38468194 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accessing health rights is an integral component of people's aspirations for a better life. Existing discussions and evaluations regarding the accessibility of health rights for minority rural migrants are insufficient. In comparison to objective health conditions, inequalities in health rights lead to chronic and long-term depletion of human capital among minority rural migrants. This study aimed to assess the overall impact, heterogeneity effects, and mechanisms of health rights accessibility on the urban integration of minority rural migrants. METHODS Based on the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey Data (CMDS), this study employs OLS models, 2SLS models, conditional mixed process (CMP) methods, and omitted variable tests to estimate the impact of health rights accessibility on the urban integration of minority rural migrants. Additionally, from the perspectives of migration scope and illness experience, this study explored the heterogeneity in the relationship between health rights accessibility and urban integration. Finally, using the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) model, this study dissects the mechanisms through which health rights accessibility influences the urban integration of minority rural migrants. RESULTS Health rights accessibility significantly enhances the urban integration of minority rural migrants. Moreover, compared to minority rural migrants who move across provinces and who have no history of illness, those who migrate within the same province and who have experienced illness are more sensitive to the positive impact of health rights accessibility. However, the enhancing effect of health rights accessibility does not significantly differ between the new and old generations of minority rural migrants. Furthermore, health rights accessibility can indirectly improve the urban integration of minority rural migrants by elevating health levels, improving health habits, and reinforcing health behaviors. Among these, the indirect effects mediated by health habits are more pronounced. CONCLUSION The research conclusions underscore the issue of health accessibility and urban integration among minority rural migrants, providing a reexamination and clarification of the policy effects of health rights in promoting the urban integration of minority rural migrants. Relevant policy design should commence with improving the health rights of minority rural migrants, enhancing their health integration capabilities, and effectively boosting their ability to integrate into urban life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Huzhou College, Huzhou, China
| | - Guosong Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
- Institute of Sustainable Development, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Hanrui Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Asri Y, Chuang KY. Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Indonesian Migrant Workers in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4056. [PMID: 36901063 PMCID: PMC10001592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
International migrant workers contribute significantly to the economic growth of the receiving country, and yet their health, especially their mental health, has long been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms among Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. This study used cross-sectional data from 1031 Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. Demographic, health, and living- and work-related variables, as well as depressive symptom variables assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Study on depressive symptoms scale, were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify related factors. About 15% of the Indonesian migrant workers had depressive symptoms. The significant factors associated with these symptoms were age, educational level, frequency of contact with families, self-rated health, time spent in Taiwan, region of work, satisfaction with the living environment, and freedom to go out after work. The findings thus identify target groups who are more likely than others to suffer from depressive symptoms, and we suggest appropriate approaches for devising interventions to reduce depressive symptoms. The findings of this research suggest the need for targeted approaches to reducing depressive symptoms among this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Asri
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Institut Teknologi, Sains dan Kesehatan RS dr Soepraoen Kesdam V/Brawijaya, Malang 65147, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Kun-Yang Chuang
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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3
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Age-Based Mixing and Condom Use Patterns in Opposite-Sex Adult Partnerships in Hong Kong. Sex Transm Dis 2023; 50:28-33. [PMID: 36098566 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Rahimpoor R, Sarvi F, Rahimnejad S, Ebrahimi SM. Occupational exposure to BTEX and styrene in West Asian countries: a brief review of current state and limits. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:107-118. [PMID: 35792774 PMCID: PMC9287831 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of introducing occupational exposure limits (OELs) is to use them as a risk management tool in order to protect workers' health and well-being against harmful agents at the workplace. In this review we identify OELs for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and styrene concentrations in air and assess occupational exposure to these compounds through a systematic literature search of publications published in West Asian countries from 1980 to 2021. OELs for BTEX and styrene have been set in Iran and Turkey to levels similar to those in European countries and the US. The search yielded 49 full-text articles that cover studies of exposure assessment in six countries, but most (n=40) regard Iran. Average occupational exposure to benzene of workers in oil-related industries is higher than recommended OEL, while average occupational exposure to other compounds is lower than local OELs (where they exist). Currently, information about levels of occupational exposure to BTEX and styrene is insufficient in West Asian countries, which should be remedied through OEL regulation and application. Furthermore, coherent research is also needed to determine actual levels of occupational exposure, dose-responses, and the economic and technical capacity of local industries to address current issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razzagh Rahimpoor
- Larestan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Evaz Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sarvi
- Larestan University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, Department of Public Health, Larestan, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimnejad
- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy School, Department of Toxicology, Ahvaz, Iran
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5
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Xu JZ, Tanongsaksakul W, Suksangpleng T, Ekwattanakit S, Riolueang S, Telen MJ, Viprakasit V. Feasibility of and barriers to thalassemia screening in migrant populations: a cross-sectional study of Myanmar and Cambodian migrants in Thailand. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1177. [PMID: 34154562 PMCID: PMC8215823 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thalassemia, an inherited hemoglobin disorder, has become a global public health problem due to population migration. Evidence-based strategies for thalassemia prevention in migrants are lacking. We characterized barriers to thalassemia screening and the burden of thalassemia in migrant workers in Thailand. Methods Multilingual demographic and KAP surveys were completed by 197 Thai, 119 Myanmar, and 176 Cambodian adults residing in Thailand. Thalassemia awareness, socio-demographic predictors, and knowledge and attitude scores were compared between migrant and Thai subjects. Comprehensive thalassemia testing was performed for migrants. Results Migrants had extremely poor thalassemia awareness (4.1%) compared to Thai subjects (79.6%) and had lower thalassemia knowledge scores but similar attitude scores. Surveys identified differing sociodemographic factors predicting awareness in Thai and migrant subjects, as well as key misconceptions likely to hinder thalassemia screening uptake. Nearly all migrants consented to thalassemia testing. We identified abnormal hemoglobin profiles in 52.7% of migrants and a higher projected rate of severe thalassemia births in migrants. Conclusions The high burden of thalassemia and tremendous knowledge gap in migrants needs urgent attention. Thalassemia screening was feasible and acceptable in our migrant population. Sociocultural and structural barriers merit further attention when designing thalassemia screening and prevention policies for migrants in Thailand and globally. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11059-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Z Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, USA. .,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MD, 20892, Bethesda, USA.
| | | | - Thidarat Suksangpleng
- Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Supachai Ekwattanakit
- Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Suchada Riolueang
- Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Vip Viprakasit
- Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. .,Thalassemia Center and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Buqammaz M, Gasana J, Alahmad B, Shebl M, Albloushi D. Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss among Migrant Workers in Kuwait. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105295. [PMID: 34065730 PMCID: PMC8156043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the effect of hearing loss on years lived with disability (YLD) is quite substantial, occupational hearing loss among migrant workers is significantly under-studied. In Kuwait, where nearly two-thirds of the population are migrant workers, the burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of ONIHL among migrant workers in Kuwait and explore workplace and individual risk factors that are associated with ONIHL. We obtained data of annual physical exams for the year 2018 conducted by the Shuaiba Industrial Medical Center (SIMC) for all industrial workers in the area. We applied univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the effects of individual and occupational characteristics on ONIHL. A total of 3474 industrial workers visited the SIMC for an annual exam. The vast majority were men (99%) and non-Kuwaitis (98%) with a median age of 38 years. A total of 710 workers were diagnosed with ONIHL with a prevalence of 20.4%. Age, years of experience, and self-reported exposure to noise were associated with statistically significant higher odds of ONIHL. When adjusted for age, years of experience, and other individual level factors, type of industry was not a statistically significant predictor of ONIHL. The study uncovers the significant burden of hearing loss among the migrant worker subpopulation in Kuwait, an area of occupational health that is often underestimated or unrecognized. Although laws and regulations are in place to prevent and control noise in the workplace, the onus is on local authorities to ensure the necessary training and controls aimed to reduce noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Buqammaz
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Hawalli 13110, Kuwait; (J.G.); (B.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Janvier Gasana
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Hawalli 13110, Kuwait; (J.G.); (B.A.)
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Hawalli 13110, Kuwait; (J.G.); (B.A.)
| | - Mohammed Shebl
- Department of Occupational Health, Ministry of Health, Shuwaiba Industrial Medical Center, Ahmadi 60000, Kuwait;
| | - Dalia Albloushi
- Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital (MKH), Ministry of Health, Hawalli 47060, Kuwait;
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Htay MNN, Latt SS, Maung KS, Myint WW, Moe S. Mental Well-Being and Its Associated Factors Among Myanmar Migrant Workers in Penang, Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 32:320-327. [PMID: 32672053 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520940199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
International migration has become a global phenomenon bringing with it complex and interrelated issues related to the physical and mental well-being of the people involved. This study investigated the mental well-being and factors associated with mental health among Myanmar migrant workers (MMW) in Malaysia. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Penang, Malaysia by using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index Scale (WHO-5) and the Mental Health subscale of 36 items in the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Among 192 migrant workers who were understudied, 79.2% had poor mental well-being according to the WHO-5 scale. The duration of stay in Malaysia and without receiving financial aid from their employers despite having a physical illness were significantly associated with poor mental well-being. Mental health support groups should target migrant workers for mental health education and find ways to provide assistance for them. Furthermore, premigration training should be delivered at the country of origin that also provides information on the availability of mental health support in the host country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Nu Nu Htay
- Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bukit Baru, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Swe Swe Latt
- Asian Institute of Medical, Science and Technology (AIMST University), Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Wai Wai Myint
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Soe Moe
- Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bukit Baru, Melaka, Malaysia
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8
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Sweileh WM. Global output of research on the health of international migrant workers from 2000 to 2017. Global Health 2018; 14:105. [PMID: 30409221 PMCID: PMC6225662 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 150 million international migrant workers work under conditions that increase their risk of illness and injuries. The current study aimed to assess and analyze the global output of research on the health of international migrant workers to promote national and international policies that could help improve the health of international migrant workers. METHODS A bibliometric methodology was implemented using Scopus database after retrieving documents relevant to the health of migrant workers during the study period from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS In total, 955 documents were retrieved. The mean number of authors per document was 4.5 while the mean number of citation per document was 10.2. The retrieved documents were mainly in health policy and systems (n = 452; 47.3%), infectious diseases (n = 252; 26.4%), and mental and psychosocial health (n = 239; 25.0%). The health of Latino migrant farmworkers represented the largest cluster of keywords. The USA led (n = 389; 40.7%) with regard to the number of publications followed by China (n = 86; 9.0%) and the UK (n = 66; 6.9%). Researchers from the USA and Spain dominated the field. There were limited international research collaboration and a limited number and size of research networks. The American Journal of Industrial Medicine was most active (7.1%; n = 68) in publishing documents on health of migrant workers while the Wake Forest University was the most active (10.9%; n = 104) institution in this topic. CONCLUSION The volume of global research output on the health of migrant workers was low. There was inadequate research on non-communicable diseases and maternal health of migrant workers. International research collaboration and the number of research networks were limited. Role of several world regions, particularly Arab region with 11% of international migrant workforce was also limited. There is an urgent need to prioritize research on migrant workers, especially female migrant workers in regions with low research contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology/Toxicology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Kaewboonchoo O, Awatsadarak A, Jonglertmontree W, Dejkun A. Influence of Work-Related Factors on Work Ability Among Young Cambodian Migrant Workers in Thailand. Asia Pac J Public Health 2018; 30:437-446. [PMID: 29985053 DOI: 10.1177/1010539518786521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effects of work-related factors on work ability among young Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand. The participants consisted of 258 Cambodian migrant workers working in farms in the northeast region of Thailand. Work-related factors consisted of a general work environment and a psychosocial factor. General work environment was assessed by perception of subjects on biological, chemical, physical, and ergonomic factors. The psychosocial factor was assessed by the Job Content Questionnaire. The Work Ability Index was used to evaluate their work ability. Logistic regression analysis was applied to test the association between work-related factors and work ability. The results indicate that a chemical work environment and psychosocial factor associated with Work Ability Index among young Cambodian migrant workers, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. These findings suggest that improving the work environment would be the most effective way to increase the work ability of Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adchara Dejkun
- 4 Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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McMichael C, Healy J. Health equity and migrants in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Glob Health Action 2017; 10:1271594. [PMID: 28452652 PMCID: PMC5328359 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1271594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrant health is receiving increasing international attention, reflecting recognition of the health inequities experienced among many migrant populations and the need for health systems to adapt to diverse migrant populations. In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) there is increasing migration associated with uneven economic integration and growth, socio-economic vulnerabilities, and disparities between countries. There has been limited progress, however, in improving migrant access to health services in the Subregion. This paper examines the health needs, access barriers, and policy responses to cross-border migrants in five GMS countries. METHODS A review of published literature and research was conducted on migrant health and health service access in Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam, as well as analysis of current migration trends and universal health coverage (UHC) indicators in the Subregion. The review included different migrant types: i.e. migrant workers, irregular migrants, victims of trafficking, refugees and asylum seekers, and casual cross-border migrants. RESULTS There is substantial diversity in the capacity of GMS health systems to address migrant populations. Thailand has sought to enhance migrant health coverage, including development of migrant health policies/programs, bilateral migrant worker agreements, and migrant health insurance schemes; Viet Nam provides health protection for emigrant workers. Overall, however, access to good quality health care remains weak for many citizens in GMS countries let alone migrants. Migrant workers - and irregular migrants in particular - face elevated health risks yet are not adequately covered and incur high out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for health services. CONCLUSIONS UHC implies equity: UHC is only achieved when everyone has the opportunity to access and use good-quality health care. Efforts to achieve UHC in the GMS require deliberate policy decisions to include migrants. The emergence of the UHC agenda, and the focus on migrant health among policy makers and partners, present an opportunity to tackle barriers to health service access, extend coverage, and strengthen partnerships in order to improve migrant health. This is an opportune time for GMS countries to develop migrant-inclusive health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia McMichael
- The University of Melbourne, School of Geography, Carlton, Australia
| | - Judith Healy
- Australian National University, School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), Canberra, Australia
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Aryal N, Regmi PR, van Teijlingen E, Simkhada P, Adhikary P, Bhatta YKD, Mann S. Injury and Mortality in Young Nepalese Migrant Workers: A Call for Public Health Action. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 28:703-705. [PMID: 27634831 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516668628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 3.5 million Nepalese are working as migrant workers in the Gulf countries, Malaysia, and India. Every year there are more than 1000 deaths and many hundreds cases of injuries among Nepalese workers in these countries excluding India. A postmortem examination of migrant workers is not carried out in most of these countries, and those with work-related injuries are often sent back to home. Uninsured migrant workers also do not have easy access to health care services in host countries due to the high medical and hospital fees. Greater efforts are needed to protect the health and well-being, labor rights, and human rights of migrant workers from Nepal and other South-Asian nations. There is a need to enforce universal labor laws in these countries and to develop accurate records of mortality and morbidity and their causes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramod R Regmi
- Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.,Chitwan Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Edwin van Teijlingen
- Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.,Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Padam Simkhada
- Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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