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Dondzilo L, Kemps E. The role of cognitive biases involving selective interrogation of taste-based information in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 85:101979. [PMID: 39024703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a global public health issue. Consequently, there is strong interest in advancing understanding of the cognitive mechanisms that underpin excessive SSB consumption. This work proposes that selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics (e.g., flavour), rather than health-based characteristics (e.g., sugar content), of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption. METHODS To evaluate this novel hypothesis, undergraduate students (n = 210) were recruited to complete self-report measures of SSB consumption, motivation and success in reducing SSB consumption and unhealthy eating more broadly, as well as a novel selective interrogation assessment task. This task provided participants with the opportunity to selectively interrogate taste-based and health-based characteristics of various mystery beverages. RESULTS Results supported the hypothesis that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics, rather than health-based characteristics, of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption. Additionally, results revealed that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics was associated with decreased motivation to reduce SSB consumption and decreased motivation and success to reduce unhealthy consumption more broadly. LIMITATIONS The current study did not evaluate whether selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages predicted actual SSB consumption. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel evidence for the potential role of selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages in SSB choice and consumption. An important implication of these findings is that in order for interventions focusing on front-of-package nutrition labels to be effective in reducing unhealthy consumption, it is necessary that individuals are selectively interrogating this 'health-based' information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dondzilo
- Elizabeth Rutherford Memorial Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Eva Kemps
- Psychology, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Wu PW, Chin YT, Lin WT, Tsai S, Lee CY, Tsai WC, Seal DW, Lee CH. Fructose intake, endogenous biomarkers and latent metabolic construct in adolescents: Exploring path associations and mediating effects. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13176. [PMID: 39340256 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid (UA) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are endogenous biomarkers implicated in metabolic disorders and dysfunction. OBJECTIVES To investigate the structural associations between sugar-sweetened beverage intake (SSB), UA, HOMA-IR and adolescent latent MetS construct (MetsC) representing paediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A population-based representative adolescent cohort (n = 1454) was evaluated for risk profiles of MetS. Structural equation modelling was performed to identify multifactor structural associations between study parameters and evaluate mediating effects. RESULTS Adolescents had a single-factor latent construct representing MetS. Increased SSB intake was associated with higher UA and HOMA-IR levels, and the two biomarkers were positively associated with the MetsC score. UA and HOMA-IR exerted three mediating effects on the association between fructose-rich tea beverage (FTB) intake of >500 mL/day and MetsC: adjusted standardized coefficient and mediating effect (%), FTB → UA → MetsC: 0.071, 23.1%; FTB → HOMA-IR → MetsC: 0.034, 11.0%; FTB → UA → HOMA-IR → MetsC: 0.010, 3.1%. The UA-associated pathways accounted for 31.1% of the overall mediation on the association between bottled sugar-containing beverage intake and MetsC. After accounting for the UA- and HOMA-IR-derived detrimental effects, the fructose-rich tea beverage intake of >500 mL/day had a tea-related beneficial effect on MetsC, with an adjusted standardized coefficient of -0.103. CONCLUSIONS UA and HOMA-IR individually and jointly mediate the adverse effects of high fructose-rich SSB intake on the mechanisms underlying paediatric MetS. Fructose-free tea-based beverages may have a beneficial effect on latent MetS structure in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chin
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sharon Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - David W Seal
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Leary N, Parker MK, Rincón Gallardo Patiño S, Kraak VI. An Evaluation of Healthy Hydration Recommendations for 93 Countries with Sugary Beverage Tax Legislation Globally, 2000-2023. Nutrients 2024; 16:2264. [PMID: 39064707 PMCID: PMC11279664 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate water intake is essential for human health. Sugary beverage taxes are a best buy policy to reduce obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) promote healthy dietary patterns. The study purpose was to evaluate national FBDGs for countries with sugary beverage tax legislation (2000-2023) to promote water and discourage sugary beverage consumption. We developed a coding framework to conduct a content analysis of FBDG documents, and used six indicators to identify messages and images to assign healthy hydration recommendation (HHR) scores from 0-12 to compare FBDGs across countries and six regions. Results showed 93 countries with sugary beverage tax legislation of which 58 countries (62%) had published FBDGs (1998-2023). Of 58 FBDGs reviewed, 48 (83%) had complementary recommendations that encouraged water and discouraged sugary beverages. Of 93 countries, 13 (14%) had the highest HHR scores (11-12); 22, (24%) had high HHR scores (9-10); 20 (21%) had medium HHR scores (4-8); 3 (3%) had low HHR scores (0-3); and 35 (38%) countries had no FBDGs. To reduce health risks for populations, governments must ensure policy coherence to optimize sugary beverage tax impacts by developing FBDGs that encourage water and discourage sugary beverages complementary to national policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Leary
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.K.P.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Molly K. Parker
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.K.P.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Sofía Rincón Gallardo Patiño
- Cardiovascular Health Program and Food & Nutrition Portfolio, Global Health Advocacy Incubator, Washington, DC 20005, USA;
| | - Vivica I. Kraak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.K.P.); (V.I.K.)
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Ivaturi A, Do LG, Giles L, Devenish G, Scott JA, Ha DH, Golley R, Bell LK, Moynihan PJ. Sources and determinants of free sugars intake by 5-year-old Australian children in the SMILE cohort. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13671. [PMID: 38804267 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Reducing free sugars intake is important for the prevention of dental caries and obesity in children. The study aimed to determine the amount and sources of free sugars known to contribute to dental caries, and identify sociodemographic determinants of intake by children aged 5 years in Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of dietary data from a cohort study, collected using a customized food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate free sugars intake as grams/day and percentage contribution to Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). The percent contribution of food sources to free sugars intake was derived. Sociodemographic determinants of achieving intakes within WHO thresholds (i.e., <5% and <10% Energy were explored with multinomial logistic regression. Complete data were available for 641 children (347 boys, 294 girls). Median (IQR) free sugars intake (g/day) was 31.6 (21.3-47.6) in boys and 28.1 (19.6-47.9) in girls. The median (IQR) percentage contribution to EER was 7.9 (5.4-12.7); 21% and 42% of children had intakes <5% EER and between 5% and <10%, respectively. The main sources of free sugars were: (1) Cakes, Biscuits and Cereal Bars; (2) Sweetened Milk Products (predominantly yoghurts) and (3) Desserts. Maternal university education, single-parent household, and maternal place of birth being Australia or New Zealand were associated with free sugars intake <5% EER. In conclusion, less than a quarter of 5-year-old children in the SMILE cohort achieved the WHO recommendations to limit free sugars to <5% EER. Strategies to lower free sugars intake could target priority populations such migrants, populations with lower levels of education or health literacy and identify areas for intervention in the wider food environments that children are exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Ivaturi
- Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Loc Giang Do
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynne Giles
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gemma Devenish
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane A Scott
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Diep H Ha
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Golley
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucy K Bell
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paula J Moynihan
- Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Harris JL, Taillie LS. More than a Nuisance: Implications of Food Marketing for Public Health Efforts to Curb Childhood Obesity. Annu Rev Public Health 2024; 45:213-233. [PMID: 38109516 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen years ago, public health experts urged industry, governments, and advocates to take action to dramatically improve the unhealthy food-marketing environment surrounding children in order to address the global childhood obesity crisis. Since then, research has confirmed that food marketing to children has far-reaching negative effects on their diets and health, takes advantage of adolescent vulnerabilities, and contributes to health disparities. In addition, digital marketing has profoundly changed young people's engagement with brands. Moreover, reliance on industry self-regulation as a solution has proven ineffective. Government-led policies have been more successful, but they remain limited in scope and challenging to adopt and implement. New approaches are necessary to increase public and policy maker awareness that food marketing is more than a nuisance, that it threatens the long-term health of children and adolescents worldwide, and that meaningful governmental action is urgently required to curtail industry's negative impact on young people's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harris
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Hassan HI, Othman SM. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Its Association With Dental Caries Among Adolescents in Erbil, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58471. [PMID: 38765400 PMCID: PMC11100997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sugar-sweetened beverages are one of the most common sources of added sugar in the diet and have been associated with an increased risk of dental caries, obesity, major chronic diseases, and possibly cancer. Dental caries is a diet-related, highly prevalent, and preventable oral disease. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and its association with dental caries in adolescents in Erbil, Iraq. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that invited 11- to 16-year-old intermediate school students (n=380) in Erbil, Iraq. Data collection comprised a validated questionnaire and a clinical examination. In addition, dietary data were collected by using two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. The mean of the daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages over a two-day period was calculated. Dental caries was diagnosed based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and was reported as a decayed, missing, and filled permanent tooth (DMFT). A multiple regression model was used to assess the influence of sugar-sweetened beverages on dental caries experience (DMFT). SPSS version 26 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used to analyze the data at the 5% significance level. Results Of the 380 students interviewed, one participant was excluded because of incomplete data. The participant's mean age and standard deviation (SD) were 13.3±1.2. A total of 54.1% of the students were female. The mean daily intake of sugar-sweetened beverages was 686.71±197.50 mL per day. Male students consumed more beverages than female students (p<0.001). The most frequently consumed sugar-sweetened beverages were sweetened tea and coffee, and the least frequently consumed beverages were milk and dairy products. The mean decayed, missing, and filled permanent tooth (DMFT) was 94.58±2.73. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that caries experience (DMFT) was associated with insufficient toothbrushing (p<0.001), plaque-affected sextants (p=0.001), and male sex (p=0.016). The model also showed a significant association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and dental caries experience (DMFT) (regression coefficient=0.008, CI: 0.006-0.009, p<0.001). Conclusions Adolescents in Erbil, Iraq, consumed sugar-sweetened beverages on a frequent basis, and male students consumed more sugary beverages than females. The higher frequency of these beverage consumptions was associated with a higher dental caries experience. Consequently, reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption could have a significant positive public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran I Hassan
- Orthodontics, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, IRQ
| | - Samir M Othman
- Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, IRQ
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Mediano Stoltze F, Correa T, Corvalán Aguilar CL, Taillie LS, Reyes M, Dillman Carpentier FR. Beverage industry TV advertising shifts after a stepwise mandatory food marketing restriction: achievements and challenges with regulating the food marketing environment. Public Health Nutr 2023; 27:e26. [PMID: 38148176 PMCID: PMC10830373 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are heavily advertised globally, and SSB consumption is linked to increased health risk. To reduce unhealthy food marketing, Chile implemented a regulation for products classified as high in energies, sugar, saturated fat or sodium, starting with a 2016 ban on child-targeted advertising of these products and adding a 06.00-22.00 daytime advertising ban in 2019. This study assesses changes in television advertising prevalence of ready-to-drink beverages, including and beyond SSB, to analyse how the beverage industry shifted its marketing strategies across Chile's implementation phases. DESIGN Beverage advertisements were recorded during two randomly constructed weeks in April-May of 2016 (pre-implementation) through 2019 (daytime ban). Ad products were classified as 'high-in' or 'non-high-in' according to regulation nutrient thresholds. Ads were analysed for their programme placement and marketing content. SETTING Chile. RESULTS From pre-regulation to daytime ban, child-targeted, daytime and total ads decreased by 51·8 percentage points (p.p.), 51·5 p.p. and 61·8 p.p. for high-in products and increased by 62·9 p.p., 54·9 p.p. and 61·8 p.p. for non-high-in products (Ps < 0·001). Additionally, total ready-to-drink beverage ads increased by 5·4 p.p. and brand-only ads (no product shown) by 7 p.p. CONCLUSIONS After the regulation implementation, 'high-in' ads fell significantly, but 'non-high-in' ads rose and continued using strategies targeting children and being aired during daytime. Given research showing that advertising one product can increase preferences for a different product from that same brand and product categories, broader food marketing regulation approaches may be needed to protect children from the harmful effects of food marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mediano Stoltze
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Correa
- School of Communication, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marcela Reyes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kwon M, Kim H, Yang J, Lee Y, Hur JK, Lee TH, Bjork JM, Ahn WY. Caffeinated Soda Intake in Children Is Associated with Neurobehavioral Risk Factors for Substance Misuse. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:79-89. [PMID: 37936270 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2259471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Use of psychotropic substances in childhood has been associated with both impulsivity and other manifestations of poor executive function as well as escalation over time to use of progressively stronger substances. However, how this relationship may start in earlier childhood has not been well explored. Here, we investigated the neurobehavioral correlates of daily caffeinated soda consumption in preadolescent children and examined whether caffeinated soda intake is associated with a higher risk of subsequent alcohol initiation. METHODS Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study data (N = 2,092), we first investigated cross-sectional relationships between frequent caffeinated soda intake and well-known risk factors of substance misuse: impaired working memory, high impulsivity, and aberrant reward processing. We then examined whether caffeinated soda intake at baseline predicts more alcohol sipping at 12 months follow-up using a machine learning algorithm. RESULTS Daily consumption of caffeinated soda was cross-sectionally associated with neurobehavioral risk factors for substance misuse such as higher impulsivity scores and lower working memory performance. Furthermore, caffeinated soda intake predicted a 2.04 times greater likelihood of alcohol sipping after 12 months, even after controlling for rates of baseline alcohol sipping rates. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that previous linkages between caffeine and substance use in adolescence also extend to younger initiation, and may stem from core neurocognitive features thought conducive to substance initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoseph Lee
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun K Hur
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - James M Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lacerda EMDA, Bertoni N, Alves-Santos NH, Carneiro LBV, Schincaglia RM, Boccolini CS, Castro IRRD, Anjos LAD, Berti TL, Kac G, Rodrigues Farias D, de Freitas MB, Normando P, Andrade PG. Minimum dietary diversity and consumption of ultra-processed foods among Brazilian children 6-23 months of age. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00081422. [PMID: 37878864 PMCID: PMC10599228 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen081422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and consumption of ultra-processed foods in children 6-23 months of age according to sociodemographic variables. Three indicators of complementary feeding of 4,354 children from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) were built based on a questionnaire about food consumption on the day before the interview: MDD, consumption of ultra-processed foods, and MDD without the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The prevalence and 95%CI were calculated, stratified by macroregion; race/skin color, education and work status of the mother or caregiver; enrollment in the Brazilian Income Transfer Program; household food security; sanitation; and child enrollment in daycare/school. The overall prevalence of MDD was 63.4%, with lower prevalences among children who lived in the North Region (54.8%), whose mothers or caregivers had 0-7 years of education (50.6%), and lived under moderate or severe food insecurity (52.6%). Ultra-processed foods were consumed by 80.5% of the children, with the highest prevalence in the North Region (84.5%). The prevalence of MDD without ultra-processed foods was 8.4% and less prevalent among children with black mothers or caregivers (3.6%) and among those whose mother or caregiver had 8-10 years of education (3.6%). The most frequently consumed food groups from the MDD indicator were grains, roots and tubers (90.2%), dairy products (81%) and those from ultra-processed food were sweet or salty cookies/crackers (51.3%) and instant flours (41.4%). The ubiquitous presence of ultra-processed foods in the diets of Brazilian children and the low frequency of diversified foods, especially among the most vulnerable populations, indicate the need to strengthen policies and programs to ensure adequate and healthy infant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neilane Bertoni
- Divisão de Pesquisa Populacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nadya Helena Alves-Santos
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Belém, Brasil
| | | | | | - Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | - Talita Lelis Berti
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Hajishafiee M, Kapellas K, Listl S, Pattamatta M, Gkekas A, Moynihan P. Effect of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation on sugars intake and dental caries: an umbrella review of a global perspective. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:986. [PMID: 37237341 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the Global Strategy on Oral health, the World Health Organization (WHO) is exploring cost-effective interventions for oral health, including taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). To inform this process, this umbrella review aimed to identify the best available estimates pertaining to the impact of SSB taxation on the reduction of sugars intake, and the sugars-caries dose-response, such that estimates of the impact of SSB taxation on averting dental caries in both high (HIC) and low and middle (LMIC) countries be available. METHODS The questions addressed were: (1) what are the effects of SSB taxation on consumption of SSBs and (2) sugars? (3) What is the effect on caries of decreasing sugars? and (4) what is the likely impact of a 20% volumetric SSB tax on the number of active caries prevented over 10 years? Data sources included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Systematic Review Register, and PROSPERO. The review was conducted with reference to JBI guidelines. The quality of included systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR to identify best evidence. RESULTS From 419 systematic reviews identified for questions 1 & 2, and 103 for question 3, 48 (Questions 1 & 2) and 21 (Question 3) underwent full text screening, yielding 14 and five included reviews respectively. Best available data indicated a 10% tax would reduce SSB intake by 10.0% (95% CI: -5.0, 14.7%) in HIC and by 9% (range -6.0 to 12.0%) in LMIC, and that a 20% tax would reduce free sugars intake on average by 4.0 g/d in LMIC and 4.4 g/d in HIC. Based on best available dose response data, this could reduce the number of teeth with caries per adults (HIC and LMIC) by 0.03 and caries occurrence in children by 2.7% (LMIC) and 2.9% (HIC), over a 10-year period. CONCLUSION Best available data suggest a 20% volumetric SSB tax would have a modest impact on prevalence and severity of dental caries in both HIC and LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostas Kapellas
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefan Listl
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Health Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Madhuri Pattamatta
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Health Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Gkekas
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paula Moynihan
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Walton J, Wittekind A. Soft Drink Intake in Europe-A Review of Data from Nationally Representative Food Consumption Surveys. Nutrients 2023; 15:1368. [PMID: 36986099 PMCID: PMC10051353 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health interest in reducing the intake of sugar-sweetened soft drinks has resulted in various guidelines and initiatives related to their consumption, together with an increase in availability and sales of low and no-sugars versions. The aim of this review was to gain insight regarding individual-level amounts and types of soft drinks consumed across the lifecycle as reported in nationally representative surveys in Europe. The review highlighted significant gaps and challenges regarding the availability of recent country-specific soft drink consumption data including heterogeneity in categorisations used in reporting soft drinks. Nonetheless, crude estimates of mean intake (across countries) indicated that total soft drinks and soft drinks with sugars was highest in adolescents and lowest in infants/toddlers and older adults. For infants/toddlers, crude mean intakes of soft drinks with reduced/no sugars were higher than soft drinks with sugars. The review also found that consumption of total soft drinks is decreasing with a shift to consumption of soft drinks with reduced/no sugars in replacement of sugars-containing soft drinks. This review provides valuable insight into what data are currently available on soft drink consumption in Europe with heterogeneity in categorisations, terminology, and definitions of soft drinks observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna Wittekind
- Independent Nutrition Consultant, Great Missenden HP16 0BS, UK
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Klupsaite D, Starkute V, Zokaityte E, Cernauskas D, Mockus E, Kentra E, Sliazaite R, Abramaviciute G, Sakaite P, Komarova V, Tatarunaite I, Radziune S, Gliaubiciute P, Zimkaite M, Kunce J, Avizienyte S, Povilaityte M, Sokolova K, Rocha JM, Özogul F, Bartkiene E. The Contribution of Scalded and Scalded-Fermented Rye Wholemeal Flour to Quality Parameters and Acrylamide Formation in Semi-Wheat-Rye Bread. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050937. [PMID: 36900454 PMCID: PMC10000374 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of scalded (Sc) and scalded-fermented (FSc) (with Lactiplantibacillus paracasei No. 244 strain) rye wholemeal flour on the quality parameters and acrylamide formation in semi-wheat-rye bread. To that purpose, 5, 10 and 15% of Sc and FSc were used for bread production. Results showed that scalding increased fructose, glucose and maltose content in rye wholemeal. Lower concentrations of free amino acids were found in Sc when compared with rye wholemeal, but fermentation of Sc increased the concentrations of some amino acids (on average by 1.51 times), including gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA, by 1.47 times). Addition of Sc and FSc had a significant influence (p ≤ 0.05) on bread shape coefficient, mass loss after baking and most bread colour coordinates. Most of the breads with Sc or FSc showed lower hardness after 72 h of storage compared with the control (i.e., without Sc or FSc). FSc improved bread colour and flavour, as well as overall acceptability. Breads with 5 and 10% of Sc had a similar level of acrylamide to the control, while its level in breads with FSc was higher (on average, 236.3 µg/kg). Finally, different types and amounts of scald had varying effects on the quality of the semi-wheat-rye bread. FSc delayed staling and improved sensory properties and acceptability, as well as the GABA level of wheat-rye bread, while the same level of acrylamide as was seen in control bread could be reached when using between 5 and 10% of scalded rye wholemeal flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Darius Cernauskas
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Road 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Kentra
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rugilė Sliazaite
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gabriele Abramaviciute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Sakaite
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitalija Komarova
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Tatarunaite
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Radziune
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Gliaubiciute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Zimkaite
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Kunce
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sarune Avizienyte
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milena Povilaityte
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kotryna Sokolova
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-060135837
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Anastasiou K, Brooker PG, Cleanthous X, Tan R, Smith BPC, Riley M. Oh So Sweet: A Comparative Investigation of Retail Market Composition of Sweetened and Flavoured Beverages in Singapore and Australia. Nutrients 2023; 15:247. [PMID: 36615901 PMCID: PMC9824729 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners has been associated with poor health outcomes. The aim of this paper was to provide a comparison of the range of sweetened or flavoured beverages between two high-income countries in the Asia-Pacific region: Australia and Singapore. Following the FoodTrackTM methodology, nutrition, labelling, and price data were collected from major Australian and Singaporean supermarket chains and convenience stores. The nutrient profiles of products were tested for differences using Kruskal−Wallis and Mann−Whitney U tests. The greatest number of products collected in Australia were from the ‘carbonated beverages’ category (n = 215, 40%), and in Singapore the greatest number of products were from the ‘tea and coffee ready-to-drink’ category (n = 182, 35%). There were more calorically sweetened beverages in Singapore compared with Australia (n = 462/517 vs. n = 374/531, p < 0.001). For calorically sweetened products, the median energy of Singaporean products was significantly higher than Australian products (134 kJ vs. 120 kJ per 100 mL, p = 0.009). In Australia, 52% of sweetened or flavoured beverages displayed a front-of-pack nutrient signposting logo, compared with 34% of sweetened or flavoured beverages in Singapore. These findings also indicate that the consumption of just one serving of calorically sweetened carbonated beverages or energy drinks would exceed the WHO maximum daily free sugar recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anastasiou
- Human Health, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Paige G. Brooker
- Human Health, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Xenia Cleanthous
- Human Health, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Rebecca Tan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Benjamin P. C. Smith
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub, C/O School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Malcolm Riley
- Human Health, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Miller C, Dono J, Scully M, Morley B, Ettridge K. Adolescents' knowledge and beliefs regarding health risks of soda and diet soda consumption. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:3044-3053. [PMID: 35983831 PMCID: PMC9991753 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Australian adolescents' knowledge and beliefs regarding potential health consequences of soda and diet soda consumption and nutritional aspects of soda and explore associations with consumption. DESIGN A survey utilising a nationally representative sample (stratified two-stage probability design) assessed knowledge of nutritional contents and health consequences of soda, and beliefs regarding health risks of diet soda, and soda and diet drink consumption. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS 9102 Australian school students (12-17 years) surveyed in 2018. RESULTS Adolescents had lower nutritional knowledge (sugar content (22·2 %), exercise equivalent (33·9 %), calories/kJ (3·1 %)) than general knowledge of health risks (87·4 %) and some health effects (71·7-75·6 % for tooth decay, weight gain and diabetes), with lower knowledge of heart disease (56·0 %) and cancer (19·3 %). Beliefs regarding health effects of diet soda were similar, albeit not as high. In general, female sex, older age and less disadvantage were associated with reporting health effects of soda and diet soda, and nutritional knowledge of soda (P < 0·001). Those reporting tooth decay, weight gain, heart disease and diabetes as health effects of soda and diet soda were lower consumers of soda and diet drinks (P < 0·001), as were those with higher nutritional knowledge (sugar content and exercise equivalent; P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights possible knowledge gaps regarding the health effects of soda and nutritional knowledge for public health intervention. When implementing such interventions, it is important to monitor the extent to which adolescents may consider diet drinks as an alternative beverage given varied beliefs about health consequences and evolving evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Miller
- The University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide5000, Australia
| | - Joanne Dono
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide5000, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Kerry Ettridge
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide5000, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, Adelaide, Australia
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Afrin S, Rahman MM, Hossain MN, Uddin MK, Malafaia G. Are there plastic particles in my sugar? A pioneering study on the characterization of microplastics in commercial sugars and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155849. [PMID: 35561897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies are confirming the ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) in environments, our knowledge about their effects on human health is still very limited. Therefore, while we have not gathered definitive information on their consequences, studies that aim to identify the MPs sources constitute subsidies to better understand the various exposure pathways to these pollutants. Thus, we investigated the possible presence of MP-like particles in five brands of commercial sugars and two unpacked, unbranded, and unlabeled sugars (hereinafter referred to as "non-branded"), obtained from different supermarkets in Dhaka (Bangladesh). Surprisingly, MPs-like particles were identified in all analyzed samples and taken together, our data demonstrated similar variations (between branded and non-branded samples) in terms of number, size, shape, color, and polymer composition. The number of plastic particles/kg sugar was, on average, 343.7 ± 32.08 (mean ± SEM), having been observed a tendency for a higher frequency of MPs < 300 μm. Overall, microfibers and spherules were the most and the predominant colors of MPs (in general) were black, pink, blue, and brown. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the chemical nature of MPs (in branded and non-branded), having identified nine polymeric types (ABS, PCV, PET, EVA, CA, PTFE, HDPE, PC, and nylon), being ABS and PVC the most frequent. Furthermore, we estimate that sugar consumption in Dhaka City can cause the ingestion of millions of tons of MPs annually (2.4 to 25.6 tons) (with an average of 10.2 tons). Our study is the most comprehensive report on the MP's occurrence in sugar, confirming that the ingestion of this food constitutes an important route of human exposure to these micropollutants and, therefore, serves as a baseline for future assessments and useful for generating efficient strategies to control MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Nayon Hossain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khabir Uddin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Programa in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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16
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Goldtooth-Halwood R. Letter to the Editor Regarding "A Systematic Review of the Recent Consumption Levels of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Children and Adolescents From the World Health Organization Regions With High Dietary-Related Burden of Disease". Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:723-724. [PMID: 35722975 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Zhang R, Yu X, Yu Y, Guo D, He H, Zhao Y, Zhu W. Family Food Environments and Their Association with Primary and Secondary Students' Food Consumption in Beijing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091970. [PMID: 35565937 PMCID: PMC9105134 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Family is the most fundamental and proximal context for children, and children’s eating behavior occurs mostly in the home or together with family members. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of family food environment dimensions and their relationship with healthy and unhealthy food consumption in primary and secondary students in order to provide evidence in the Chinese context and explore environmental solutions for improved child nutrition. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey among students in Beijing, China, from September 2020 to June 2021. Family food environment (FFE) was measured by the validated Family Food Environment Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children, which was self-administered by the children’s caregivers. The students were asked to answer questions about food consumption frequencies in the past 7 days. Binary logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationships between food consumption frequency and FFE, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed for independent variables. Among the study population, 9686 students in grades 3−12 and their caregivers completed the survey. The mean score of FFE was 65.7 (±8.4) out of a total possible score of 100, with 76.6% of students categorized as relatively healthier according to their FFE score (≥ 60). Compared with the reference group, students in primary schools and those cared for principally by parents were more likely to be in a healthy FFE category (p < 0.05). Daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported by 62.6% and 71.6% of students, respectively, and weekly sugared soft drink consumption was reported by 70.9% of the students. Students with a healthier FFE score (≥60) were more likely to consume fruits (OR = 1.578, 95% CI: 1.428~1.744) and vegetables (OR = 1.402, 95% CI: 1.263~1.556) but less likely to consume sugared soft drinks (OR = 0.592, 95% CI: 0.526~0.667). Family food availability (β = 0.137), caregivers’ nutritional literacy (β = 0.093), meal practices (β = 0.079) and food rules (β = 0.050) were positively correlated with food consumption behavior (p < 0.05). The students with healthier FFE scores (OR = 1.130, 95% CI: 1.014~1.258) and whose caregiver was obese (OR = 2.278, 95% CI: 1.973~2.631) were more likely to be overweight. The family food environment plays an important role in shaping food consumption in children. Provision of healthy foods instead of unhealthy foods, positive meal practices and food rules, and nutrition education for parents can promote healthy eating in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, China’s Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Dandan Guo
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Hairong He
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; (X.Y.); (Y.Y.); (D.G.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-1368-158-3701 (Y.Z.); +86-10-8280-1575 (W.Z.)
| | - Wenli Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, China’s Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-1368-158-3701 (Y.Z.); +86-10-8280-1575 (W.Z.)
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18
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Ha DH, Arora A, Harford J, Luzzi L, Chrisopoulos S, Do LG. Population Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Dental Caries and Overweight/Obesity in Australian Children. JDR Clin Trans Res 2022:23800844221091701. [PMID: 35466760 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221091701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The reported findings greatly consolidated evidence of detrimental effects of sugars intake on child oral health and overweight and obesity, some of the most prevalent chronic conditions in children. Evidence on population impact of sugars intake is directly informative to policy makers and the public about the potential impact of population-based programs targeting sugars intake to prevent dental caries and overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Ha
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Arora
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - J Harford
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L Luzzi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Chrisopoulos
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L G Do
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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