1
|
Dolinski AC, Homola JJ, Jankowski MD, Robinson JD, Owen JC. Host gene expression is associated with viral shedding magnitude in blue-winged teals (Spatula discors) infected with low-path avian influenza virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101909. [PMID: 36410069 PMCID: PMC10500253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in host infectiousness affects disease transmission dynamics in human, domestic animal, and many wildlife host-pathogen systems including avian influenza virus (AIV); therefore, identifying host factors related to host infectiousness is important for understanding, controlling, and preventing future outbreaks. Toward this goal, we used RNA-seq data collected from low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV)-infected blue-winged teal (Spatula discors) to determine the association between host gene expression and intraspecific variation in cloacal viral shedding magnitude, the transmissible fraction of virus. We found that host genes were differentially expressed between LPAIV-infected and uninfected birds early in the infection, host genes were differentially expressed between shed level groups at one-, three-, and five-days post-infection, host gene expression was associated with LPAIV infection patterns over time, and genes of the innate immune system had a positive linear relationship with cloacal viral shedding. This study provides important insights into host gene expression patterns associated with intraspecific LPAIV shedding variation and can serve as a foundation for future studies focused on the identification of host factors that drive or permit the emergence of high viral shedding individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Dolinski
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jared J Homola
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mark D Jankowski
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - John D Robinson
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jennifer C Owen
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Michigan State University, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azeem S, Guo B, Sun D, Killian ML, Baroch JA, Yoon KJ. Evaluation of PCR-based hemagglutinin subtyping as a tool to aid in surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory wild birds. J Virol Methods 2022; 308:114594. [PMID: 35931229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The surveillance of migratory wild birds (MWBs) for avian influenza virus (AIV) allows detecting the emergence of highly pathogenic AIV that can infect domestic poultry and mammals, new subtypes, and antigenic/genetic variants. The current AIV surveillance system for MWBs in the United States is based on virus isolation (VI) followed by sequencing isolates. This system primarily focuses on the early detection of H5 and H7 AIVs. However, it is suboptimal in assessing diverse AIV subtypes at any given time because of the low VI success rate. To improve such a shortfall, a SYBR® Green-based real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) panel was developed for direct HA subtyping of AIVs in oropharyngeal-cloacal (OPC) swabs from MWBs. Under optimal conditions, the PCR panel detected AIVs of all 16 different HA subtypes with an average limit of detection of 102.6 copies/reaction (2 μl of extract). In testing 90 OPC swabs from 13 MWB species, the PCR provided a significantly faster turnaround of results and demonstrated the presence of more subtypes and concurrent infection among MWBs compared to what the current surveillance testing algorithm showed. In conclusion, newly developed SYBR® Green rtRT-PCR panel can be a useful tool for monitoring MWBs for AIVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahan Azeem
- Veterinary Mirobiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Baoqing Guo
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Dong Sun
- Veterinary Mirobiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Mary L Killian
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - John A Baroch
- National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Yoon
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Müller-Theissen ML, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Ortiz L, Szablewski CM, Alvarez D, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Jara J, Davis CT, Cordon-Rosales C. Influenza A virus circulation in backyard animals in the Pacific coast of Guatemala, 2013-2014. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:826-834. [PMID: 35611690 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to their documented epidemiological relevance as hosts for influenza A viruses (IAV), humans, poultry and pigs in backyard production systems (BPS) within wetlands could be key to the emergence of novel IAV variants able to transmit between humans or animals. To better understand the circulation of IAV at the human-animal interface of BPS within wetlands, we studied IAV in backyard duck flocks and pig herds in the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. From April 2013 to October 2014, we estimated the monthly IAV per cent seropositive and viral positive flocks and herds in two resource-limited communities. We detected antibodies in sera against the IAV nucleoprotein through ELISA. We also detected IAV viral RNA in respiratory (ducks and pigs) and cloacal (ducks) swabs through rRT-PCR directed at the matrix gene. We attempted viral isolation in eggs or MDCK cells followed by sequencing from swabs positive for IAV. During our study period, IAV seropositivity in duck flocks was 38%, and viral positivity was 23% (n = 86 BPS sampled). IAV seropositivity in pig herds was 42%, and viral positivity was 20% (n = 90 BPS sampled). Both flocks and herds had detectable antibodies against IAV mostly year-round, and IAV was detected in several months. We isolated an H3N2 virus from one pig sampled at the end of 2013. Standard nucleotide BLAST searches indicate that the isolated virus was similar to seasonal viruses circulating in humans, suggesting human-to-pig transmission. Our data show concurrent circulation of IAV in multiple species of poultry and pigs that were commingled in rudimentary conditions in proximity to humans, but no significant risk factors could be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucia Ortiz
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Christine M Szablewski
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Danilo Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Jorge Jara
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - C Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Celia Cordon-Rosales
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clayton MJ, Kelly EJ, Mainenti M, Wilhelm A, Torchetti MK, Killian ML, Van Wettere AJ. Pandemic lineage 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus infection in farmed mink in Utah. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:82-85. [PMID: 34697977 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211052966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mink are susceptible to infection with influenza A virus (IAV) of swine and human origin. In 2019, a Utah mink farm had an outbreak of respiratory disease in kits caused by infection with the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus [A(H1N1)pdm09]. In 3 wk, ~325, 1-2-wk-old kits died (10% mortality in kits). All deaths occurred in a single barn that housed 640 breeding females. No clinical signs or deaths occurred among adult mink. Five dead kits and 3 euthanized female mink were autopsied. All kits had moderate-to-severe neutrophilic and lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia; adult mink had minimal-to-moderate lymphohistiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR targeting the matrix gene detected IAV in lung of kits and adults. Virus isolation and genetic analysis identified the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. The source of the virus was not determined but is thought to be the result of reverse zoonosis. Our case emphasizes the need for close monitoring on mink farms for interspecies transmission of IAV and for safe work practices on farms and in diagnostic laboratories. Additionally, a pandemic virus may continue to circulate at low levels long after the global event is declared over.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Clayton
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan and Spanish Fork, UT, USA
| | - E Jane Kelly
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan and Spanish Fork, UT, USA
| | - Marta Mainenti
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan and Spanish Fork, UT, USA
| | - Amanda Wilhelm
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan and Spanish Fork, UT, USA
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan and Spanish Fork, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Avian Influenza in Wild Birds and Poultry: Dissemination Pathways, Monitoring Methods, and Virus Ecology. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050630. [PMID: 34065291 PMCID: PMC8161317 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza is one of the largest known threats to domestic poultry. Influenza outbreaks on poultry farms typically lead to the complete slaughter of the entire domestic bird population, causing severe economic losses worldwide. Moreover, there are highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains that are able to infect the swine or human population in addition to their primary avian host and, as such, have the potential of being a global zoonotic and pandemic threat. Migratory birds, especially waterfowl, are a natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus; they carry and exchange different virus strains along their migration routes, leading to antigenic drift and antigenic shift, which results in the emergence of novel HPAI viruses. This requires monitoring over time and in different locations to allow for the upkeep of relevant knowledge on avian influenza virus evolution and the prevention of novel epizootic and epidemic outbreaks. In this review, we assess the role of migratory birds in the spread and introduction of influenza strains on a global level, based on recent data. Our analysis sheds light on the details of viral dissemination linked to avian migration, the viral exchange between migratory waterfowl and domestic poultry, virus ecology in general, and viral evolution as a process tightly linked to bird migration. We also provide insight into methods used to detect and quantify avian influenza in the wild. This review may be beneficial for the influenza research community and may pave the way to novel strategies of avian influenza and HPAI zoonosis outbreak monitoring and prevention.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shriner SA, Root JJ, Ellis JW, Bentler KT, VanDalen KK, Gidlewski T, Bevins SN. Influenza A virus surveillance, infection and antibody persistence in snow geese (Anser caerulescens). Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:742-752. [PMID: 33621417 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some snow geese (Anser caerulescens) migrate between Eurasia and North America and exhibit high seroprevalence for influenza A viruses (IAVs). Hence, these birds might be expected to play a role in intercontinental dispersal of IAVs. Our objective in this manuscript was to characterize basic incidence and infection characteristics for snow geese to assess whether these birds are likely to significantly contribute to circulation of IAVs. Thus, we 1) estimated snow goose infection prevalence by summarizing > 5,000 snow goose surveillance records, 2) experimentally infected snow geese with a low pathogenic IAV (H4N6) to assess susceptibility and infection dynamics and 3) characterized long-term antibody kinetics. Infection prevalence based on surveillance data for snow geese was 7.88%, higher than the infection rates found in other common North American goose species. In the experimental infection study, only 4 of 7 snow geese shed viral RNA. Shedding in infected birds peaked at moderate levels (mean peak 102.62 EID50 equivalents/mL) and was exclusively associated with the oral cavity. Serological testing across a year post-exposure showed all inoculated birds seroconverted regardless of detectable shedding. Antibody levels peaked at 10 days post-exposure and then waned to undetectable levels by 6 months. In sum, while broad-scale surveillance results showed comparatively high infection prevalence, the experimental infection study showed only moderate susceptibility and shedding. Consequently, additional work is needed to assess whether snow geese might exhibit higher levels of susceptibility and shedding rates when exposed to other IAV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Shriner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Root
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeremy W Ellis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kevin T Bentler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kaci K VanDalen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Gidlewski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bakre AA, Jones LP, Bennett HK, Bobbitt DE, Tripp RA. Detection of swine influenza virus in nasal specimens by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). J Virol Methods 2021; 288:114015. [PMID: 33271254 PMCID: PMC7799534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Detection of swine influenza virus (SIV) in commercial swine herds is important for understanding the infection status of the herd and for controlling disease. Current molecular diagnostics require that specimens be submitted to a laboratory which provides results to the growers after some time which is generally too late to intercede in disease control. Moreover, current diagnostic assays are time-consuming, typically costly, and require skilled technical expertise. We have instituted a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic assay based on conserved regions of the SIV matrix (M) gene and H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences. The RT-LAMP assay was optimized to use both colorimetric and fluorescent endpoints and was validated. The M and HA RT-LAMP assays have a limit-of-detection (LOD) sensitive to 11 and 8-log-fold dilutions of viral RNA, respectively, and are capable of discriminating between H1 and H3 strains of SIV. Additionally, the RT-LAMP assay was optimized for direct amplification of SIV from field samples without the need for viral RNA isolation. The direct RT-LAMP detected >86 % of qRT-PCR validated SIV samples, and >66 % of negative samples when spiked with viral RNA or SIV. The diagnostic RT-LAMP assay is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective method for the detection of SIV in herds substantially aiding diagnosis and surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet A Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Les P Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hailey K Bennett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Davis E Bobbitt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of Avian orthoavulavirus 16, Isolated from Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus) Feces, Alaska, USA. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/1/e01275-20. [PMID: 33414353 PMCID: PMC8407729 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01275-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We sequenced the coding-complete genome of an avian orthoavulavirus serotype 16 (AOAV-16) isolate recovered from emperor goose (Anser canagicus) feces collected in Alaska. The detection of AOAV-16 in North America and genomic sequencing of the resultant isolate confirms that the geographic distribution of this virus extends beyond Asia. We sequenced the coding-complete genome of an avian orthoavulavirus serotype 16 (AOAV-16) isolate recovered from emperor goose (Anser canagicus) feces collected in Alaska. The detection of AOAV-16 in North America and genomic sequencing of the resultant isolate confirms that the geographic distribution of this virus extends beyond Asia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Escobar DF, Diaz-Dinamarca DA, Hernández CF, Soto DA, Manzo RA, Alarcón PI, Pinto CH, Bastias DN, Oberg-Bravo CN, Rojas R, Illanes SE, Kalergis AM, Vasquez AE. Development and analytical validation of real-time PCR for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:352. [PMID: 32517670 PMCID: PMC7285471 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of invasive neonatal infection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the analytical validation of qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a means to detect GBS. Methods Genomic DNA (gDNA) was purified from 12 ATCC bacterial strains, two belonging to GBS and the remainder acting as negative controls. Additionally, gDNA was isolated from 21 strains of GBS from various serotypes (Ia, Ib and II-VIII). All gDNA was used to evaluate the analytical validation of the qPCR method employing a specific Taqman probe. Inclusivity, exclusivity, anticipated reportable range, the limit of detection and robustness were evaluated. The methods used are described in international guidelines and other existing reports. The performance of this qPCR method for detecting GBS was compared to other microbiological methods used with vaginal-rectal samples from pregnant women. Results Our qPCR method for detecting GBS was analytically validated. It has a limit of detection of 0.7 GE/μL and 100% analytical specificity. It detects all strains of GBS with the same level of performance as microbiological methods. Conclusion Data suggest that this qPCR method performs adequately as a means to detect GBS in vaginal-rectal swabs from pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Escobar
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego A Diaz-Dinamarca
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos F Hernández
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel A Soto
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo A Manzo
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro I Alarcón
- Sección Bacteriología del Departamento Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila H Pinto
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego N Bastias
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología y Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolayn N Oberg-Bravo
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología y Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert Rojas
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián E Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Dávila, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel E Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Escuela de Biotecnología y Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile. .,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago, Chile. .,Present address. Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Av. Marathon, Ñuñoa, 1000, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laconi A, Fortin A, Bedendo G, Shibata A, Sakoda Y, Awuni JA, Go-Maro E, Arafa A, Maken Ali AS, Terregino C, Monne I. Detection of avian influenza virus: a comparative study of the in silico and in vitro performances of current RT-qPCR assays. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8441. [PMID: 32439885 PMCID: PMC7242438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are negative sense RNA viruses posing a major threat to the poultry industry worldwide, with the potential to spread to mammals, including humans; hence, an accurate and rapid AIV diagnosis is essential. To date AIV detection relies on molecular methods, mainly RT-qPCR directed against AIV M gene segment. The evolution of AIV represents a relevant issue in diagnostic RT-qPCR due to possible mispriming and/or probe-binding failures resulting in false negative results. Consequently, RT-qPCR for AIV detection should be periodically re-assessed both in silico and in vitro. To this end, a specific workflow was developed to evaluate in silico the complementarity of primers and probes of four published RT-qPCR protocols to their target regions. The four assays and one commercially available kit for AIV detection were evaluated both for their analytical sensitivity using eight different viral dilution panels and for their diagnostic performances against clinical specimens of known infectious status. Differences were observed among the tests under evaluation, both in terms of analytical sensitivity and of diagnostic performances. This finding confirms the importance of continuously monitoring the primers and probes complementarity to their binding regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Laconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.
| | - Andrea Fortin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Giulia Bedendo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Akihiro Shibata
- Exotic Disease Inspection Division, Laboratory Department, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokoname, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Abdelsatar Arafa
- Reference Lab for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | | | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
James J, Slomka MJ, Reid SM, Thomas SS, Mahmood S, Byrne AMP, Cooper J, Russell C, Mollett BC, Agyeman-Dua E, Essen S, Brown IH, Brookes SM. Proceedings Paper-Avian Diseases 10th AI Symposium Issue Development and Application of Real-Time PCR Assays for Specific Detection of Contemporary Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes N5, N6, N7, N8, and N9. Avian Dis 2020; 63:209-218. [PMID: 31131579 DOI: 10.1637/11900-051518-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previously published NA subtype-specific real-time reverse-transcriptase PCRs (RRT-PCRs) were further validated for the detection of five avian influenza virus (AIV) NA subtypes, namely N5, N6, N7, N8, and N9. Testing of 30 AIV isolates of all nine NA subtypes informed the assay assessments, with the N5 and N9 RRT-PCRs retained as the original published assays while the N7 and N8 assays were modified in the primer-probe sequences to optimize detection of current threats. The preferred N6 RRT-PCR was either the original or the modified variant, depending on the specific H5N6 lineage. Clinical specimen (n = 137) testing revealed the ability of selected N5, N6, and N8 RRT-PCRs to sensitively detect clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) infections due to H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8 subtypes, respectively, all originating from European poultry and wild bird cases during 2016-2018. Similar testing (n = 32 clinical specimens) also showed the ability of N7 and N9 RRT-PCRs to sensitively detect European H7N7 HPAIV and China-origin H7N9 low pathogenicity AIV infections, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe James
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom,
| | - Marek J Slomka
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Scott M Reid
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Saumya S Thomas
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Mahmood
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M P Byrne
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Cooper
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Russell
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin C Mollett
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Agyeman-Dua
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Essen
- EU/OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H Brown
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.,EU/OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon M Brookes
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) viruses have been routinely isolated from a wide diversity of free-living avian species, representing numerous taxonomic orders. Birds in orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are considered the natural reservoirs for all AI viruses; it is from these orders that AI viruses have been most frequently isolated. Since first recognized in the late 1800s, AI viruses have been an important cause of disease in poultry and, occasionally, in non-gallinaceous birds and mammals. While AI viruses tend to be of low pathogenicity (LP) in wild birds, the 2014-2015 incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx viruses into North America and the recent circulation of HPAI H5 viruses in European wild birds highlight the need for targeted, thorough, and continuous surveillance programs in the wild bird reservoir. Such programs are crucial to understanding the potential risk for the incursion of AI into human and domestic animal populations. The aim of this chapter is to provide general concepts and guidelines for the planning and implementation of surveillance plans for AI viruses in wild birds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Experimental infections of Norway rats with avian-derived low-pathogenic influenza A viruses. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1831-1836. [PMID: 30976905 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Ajithdoss DK, Torchetti MK, Badcoe L, Bradway DS, Baszler TV. Pathologic Findings and Viral Antigen Distribution During Natural Infection of Ring-Necked Pheasants With H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:312-315. [PMID: 27694426 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816671377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a major viral disease of poultry characterized by acute onset, systemic infection, and rapid death. In January 2015, H5N2 HPAI was identified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and gene sequencing as the cause of rapid death in 40 of 390 ring-necked pheasants (approximately 10% mortality), raised in a game bird farm in Washington State. We report clinicopathologic findings and viral antigen distribution in pheasants that died during the outbreak. Affected birds were depressed with reluctance to move, ruffled feathers, and drooping heads. Congestion of the cerebellar meningeal blood vessels was the only consistent gross pathologic finding. Meningoencephalitis with vasculitis and necrosis in the spleen and heart were the major microscopic lesions in the birds. Viral antigen was consistently detected in the brain, heart, and ovary with variable presence in other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Ajithdoss
- 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - M K Torchetti
- 2 USDA APHIS VS National Services Veterinary Laboratories, Ames, IA, USA
| | - L Badcoe
- 3 Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, WA, USA
| | - D S Bradway
- 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - T V Baszler
- 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
An avian influenza H5N1 virus vaccine candidate based on the extracellular domain produced in yeast system as subviral particles protects chickens from lethal challenge. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:242-9. [PMID: 27498036 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza is an on-going problem in poultry and a potential human pandemic threat. Pandemics occur suddenly and vaccine production must be fast and effective to be of value in controlling the spread of the virus. In this study we evaluated the potential of a recombinant protein from the extracellular domain of an H5 hemagglutinin protein produced in a yeast expression system to act as an effective vaccine. Protein production was efficient, with up to 200 mg purified from 1 L of culture medium. We showed that the deletion of the multibasic cleavage site from the protein improves oligomerization and, consequentially, its immunogenicity. We also showed that immunization with this deleted protein protected chickens from challenge with a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. Our results suggest that this recombinant protein produced in yeast may be an effective vaccine against H5N1 virus in poultry.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Q, Yu Z, Sun W, Li X, Chai H, Gao X, Guo J, Zhang K, Feng N, Zheng X, Wang H, Zhao Y, Qin C, Huang G, Yang S, Qian J, Gao Y, Xia X, Wang T, Hua Y. Adaptive amino acid substitutions enhance the virulence of an H7N7 avian influenza virus isolated from wild waterfowl in mice. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:18-24. [PMID: 25769645 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although H7N7 AIVs primarily circulate in wild waterfowl, documented cases of human infection with H7N7 viruses suggest they may pose a pandemic threat. Here, we generated mouse-adapted variants of a wild waterfowl-origin H7N7 virus to identify adaptive changes that confer enhanced virulence in mammals. The mouse lethal doses (MLD50) of the adapted variants were reduced >5000-fold compared to the parental virus. Mouse-adapted variants viruses displayed enhanced replication in vitro and in vivo, and acquired the ability to replicate in extrapulmonary tissues. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may increase the virulence of H7N7 AIVs in mice. Genomic analysis of the adapted variant viruses revealed amino acid changes in the PB2 (E627K), PB1 (R118I), PA (L550M), HA (G214R), and NA (S372N) proteins. Our results suggest that these amino acid substitutions collaboratively enhance the ability of H7N7 virus to replicate and cause severe disease in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Changchun Institute of Biological Products, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuping Hua
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mathieu C, Moreno V, Pedersen J, Jeria J, Agredo M, Gutiérrez C, García A, Vásquez M, Avalos P, Retamal P. Avian Influenza in wild birds from Chile, 2007-2009. Virus Res 2015; 199:42-5. [PMID: 25602438 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic and migratory birds, the main reservoir hosts of avian influenza viruses including those with high pathogenic potential, are the wildlife species with the highest risk for viral dissemination across countries and continents. In 2002, the Chilean poultry industry was affected with a highly pathogenic avian influenza strain, which created economic loss and triggered the establishment of a surveillance program in wild birds. This effort consisted of periodic samplings of sick or suspicious animals found along the coast and analyses with standardized techniques for detection of influenza A virus. The aim of this work is to report the detection of three avian influenza strains (H13N2, H5N9, H13N9) in gulls from Chile between 2007-2009, which nucleotide sequences showed highest similitudes to viruses detected in wild birds from North America. These results suggest a dissemination route for influenza viruses along the coasts of Americas. Migratory and synanthropic behaviors of birds included in this study support continued monitoring of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in The Americas and the establishment of biosecurity practices in farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mathieu
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Valentina Moreno
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Janice Pedersen
- Avian Section Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories Ames, Iowa 50010
| | - Julissa Jeria
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Michel Agredo
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Alfonso García
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Marcela Vásquez
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Patricia Avalos
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG), Ruta 68 Km 22, Pudahuel, Santiago de Chile
| | - Patricio Retamal
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Sta Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bevins SN, Pedersen K, Lutman MW, Baroch JA, Schmit BS, Kohler D, Gidlewski T, Nolte DL, Swafford SR, DeLiberto TJ. Large-scale avian influenza surveillance in wild birds throughout the United States. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104360. [PMID: 25116079 PMCID: PMC4130558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza is a viral disease that primarily infects wild and domestic birds, but it also can be transmitted to a variety of mammals. In 2006, the United States of America Departments of Agriculture and Interior designed a large-scale, interagency surveillance effort that sought to determine if highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses were present in wild bird populations within the United States of America. This program, combined with the Canadian and Mexican surveillance programs, represented the largest, coordinated wildlife disease surveillance program ever implemented. Here we analyze data from 197,885 samples that were collected from over 200 wild bird species. While the initial motivation for surveillance focused on highly pathogenic avian influenza, the scale of the data provided unprecedented information on the ecology of avian influenza viruses in the United States, avian influenza virus host associations, and avian influenza prevalence in wild birds over time. Ultimately, significant advances in our knowledge of avian influenza will depend on both large-scale surveillance efforts and on focused research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Bevins
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kerri Pedersen
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Lutman
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John A. Baroch
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brandon S. Schmit
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dennis Kohler
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas Gidlewski
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dale L. Nolte
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Seth R. Swafford
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDOI United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Yazoo City, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. DeLiberto
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pedersen K, Marks DR, Arsnoe DM, Afonso CL, Bevins SN, Miller PJ, Randall AR, DeLiberto TJ. Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus), Avian Influenza Virus, andSalmonellaspp. in Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) in the Great Lakes Region and Atlantic Coast of the United States. Avian Dis 2014; 58:129-36. [DOI: 10.1637/10638-081413-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
20
|
Lebarbenchon C, Poulson R, Shannon K, Slagter J, Slusher MJ, Wilcox BR, Berdeen J, Knutsen GA, Cardona CJ, Stallknecht DE. Isolation of influenza A viruses from wild ducks and feathers in Minnesota (2010-2011). Avian Dis 2013; 57:677-80. [PMID: 24283137 DOI: 10.1637/10455-112512-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of testing feathers as a complementary approach to detect low pathogenic influenza A viruses (IAVs) in wild duck populations. Feathers on the ground were collected at four duck capture sites during 2010 and 2011, in Minnesota, U. S. A. IAVs were isolated from both feathers and cloacal swabs sampled from ducks at the time of capture. Although virus isolation rates from feather and cloacal swabs were inconsistent between collections, the overall rate of isolation was greatest from the feather samples. Viruses isolated from feathers also reflected the subtype diversity observed in cloacal swab isolates but resulted in many more isolates that contained more than one virus. Our study suggests that testing feathers may represent an alternative noninvasive approach to recover viruses and estimate subtype abundance and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lebarbenchon
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Elizalde M, Agüero M, Buitrago D, Yuste M, Arias ML, Muñoz MJ, Lelli D, Pérez-Ramírez E, Moreno-Martin AM, Fernández-Pinero J. Rapid molecular haemagglutinin subtyping of avian influenza isolates by specific real-time RT-PCR tests. J Virol Methods 2013; 196:71-81. [PMID: 24184949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been described to date. Rapid subtype identification of any AIV is of major interest because of the possible serious consequences for the poultry industry and even public health. Molecular techniques currently allow immediate accurate subtype characterisation prior to virus isolation. In this study, a set of fourteen specific real-time RT-PCR methods were developed and evaluated for AIV HA subtyping (H1-H4, H6-H8, H10-H16), H5 and H9 being excluded on the basis of the current validity of the European Union (EU) recommended specific assays. Specific primers and probes sets for each HA-subtype were designed to hybridise the largest isolates range within each single subtype, considering the Eurasian lineage as a major target. The robustness and general application of the 14 HA-subtype methods were verified by the analysis of 110 AIV isolates belonging to all 16 HA-subtypes, performed in different laboratories. The developed real-time RT-PCR assays proved to be highly specific and revealed suitable sensitivity, allowing direct HA-subtyping of clinical material. In summary, this study provides for the first time a panel of molecular tests using specific hydrolysis probes for rapid and complete AIV HA-subtype identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maia Elizalde
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María Yuste
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Pérez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Moreno-Martin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuriakose T, Hilt DA, Jackwood MW. Detection of avian influenza viruses and differentiation of H5, H7, N1, and N2 subtypes using a multiplex microsphere assay. Avian Dis 2012; 56:90-6. [PMID: 22545533 DOI: 10.1637/9828-060211-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza, rapid analysis of a large number of clinical samples with the potential to rapidly identify the virus subtype is extremely important. Herein, we report on the development of a rapid multiplex microsphere assay for the simultaneous detection of all avian influenza viruses (AIV) as well as the differentiation of H5, H7, N1, and N2 subtypes. A reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) reaction, followed by hybridization of the amplified product with specific oligonucleotide probe-coated microspheres, was conducted in a multiplex format. Following incubation with a reporter dye, the fluorescence intensity was measured using a suspension array system. The limit of detection of the probe-coupled microspheres ranged from 1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(9) copies of RT-PCR amplified product and the sensitivity of the multiplex assay ranged from 1 x 10(2.5) to 1 x 10(3.2) 50% embryo infectious doses of virus. The diagnostic accuracy of the assay, compared to the standard real-time RT-PCR, was evaluated using 102 swab samples from chickens exposed to low pathogenic AIV, and 97.05% of samples gave identical results with both the assays. The calculated specificity of the assay was 97.43%. Although the assay still needs to be validated, it appears to be a suitable diagnostic tool for detection and differentiation of avian influenza virus H5, H7, N1, and N2 subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teneema Kuriakose
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hall JS, Krauss S, Franson JC, TeSlaa JL, Nashold SW, Stallknecht DE, Webby RJ, Webster RG. Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 7:85-92. [PMID: 22498031 PMCID: PMC3402585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Please cite this paper as: Hall et al. (2012) Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2012.00358.x. Background Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) have been reported in shorebirds, especially at Delaware Bay, USA, during spring migration. However, data on patterns of virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome are lacking. The ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) is the shorebird species with the highest prevalence of influenza virus at Delaware Bay. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to experimentally assess the patterns of influenza virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome in ruddy turnstones. Methods We experimentally challenged ruddy turnstones using a common LPAIV shorebird isolate, an LPAIV waterfowl isolate, or a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Cloacal and oral swabs and sera were analyzed from each bird. Results Most ruddy turnstones had pre‐existing antibodies to avian influenza virus, and many were infected at the time of capture. The infectious doses for each challenge virus were similar (103·6–104·16 EID50), regardless of exposure history. All infected birds excreted similar amounts of virus and showed no clinical signs of disease or mortality. Influenza A‐specific antibodies remained detectable for at least 2 months after inoculation. Conclusions These results provide a reference for interpretation of surveillance data, modeling, and predicting the risks of avian influenza transmission and movement in these important hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Hall
- United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Slomka MJ, To TL, Tong HH, Coward VJ, Hanna A, Shell W, Pavlidis T, Densham ALE, Kargiolakis G, Arnold ME, Banks J, Brown IH. Challenges for accurate and prompt molecular diagnosis of clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses emerging in Vietnam. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:177-93. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.656578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
25
|
Role of Nonmigratory Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula) as Sentinels for Avian Influenza Surveillance. J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 43:168-70. [DOI: 10.1638/2011-0038.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
26
|
Hénaux V, Samuel MD, Dusek RJ, Fleskes JP, Ip HS. Presence of avian influenza viruses in waterfowl and wetlands during summer 2010 in California: are resident birds a potential reservoir? PLoS One 2012; 7:e31471. [PMID: 22328934 PMCID: PMC3273456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although wild waterfowl are the main reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIv), the environment plays a critical role for the circulation and persistence of AIv. LPAIv may persist for extended periods in cold environments, suggesting that waterfowl breeding areas in the northern hemisphere may be an important reservoir for AIv in contrast to the warmer southern wintering areas. We evaluated whether southern wetlands, with relatively small populations (thousands) of resident waterfowl, maintain AIv in the summer, prior to the arrival of millions of migratory birds. We collected water and fecal samples at ten wetlands in two regions (Yolo Bypass and Sacramento Valley) of the California Central Valley during three bi-weekly intervals beginning in late July, 2010. We detected AIv in 29/367 fecal samples (7.9%) and 12/597 water samples (2.0%) by matrix real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). We isolated two H3N8, two H2N3, and one H4N8 among rRT-PCR positive fecal samples but no live virus from water samples. Detection of AIv RNA in fecal samples was higher from wetlands in the Sacramento Valley (11.9%) than in the Yolo Bypass (0.0%), but no difference was found for water samples (2.7 vs. 1.7%, respectively). Our study showed that low densities of hosts and unfavorable environmental conditions did not prevent LPAIv circulation during summer in California wetlands. Our findings justify further investigations to understand AIv dynamics in resident waterfowl populations, compare AIv subtypes between migratory and resident waterfowl, and assess the importance of local AIv as a source of infection for migratory birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Hénaux
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Burke RL, Kronmann KC, Daniels CC, Meyers M, Byarugaba DK, Dueger E, Klein TA, Evans BP, Vest KG. A Review of Zoonotic Disease Surveillance Supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 59:164-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
Canada's Inter-agency Wild Bird Influenza Survey, which started in 2005, and is a collaborative effort among federal, provincial and territorial government agencies as well as non-governmental organizations and academic institutions, has two components: (i) a seasonal survey of live wild waterfowl species from selected geographic regions across Canada (to expand our understanding of the avian influenza viruses circulating in wild bird populations); and (ii) an ongoing survey of birds found dead that are submitted to a regional diagnostic laboratory (to enhance detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza strains). Combined swabs from the cloaca and oropharynx collected from each bird are screened using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) that targets a unique segment of the influenza A M1 gene. If the M1 result is positive or inconclusive, RRT-PCR for gene segments of the H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes are performed. All samples that are RRT-PCR positive for H5 or H7 are sent immediately for test confirmation and further characterization. All field and laboratory data are entered into a database developed and maintained by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre. Since the survey commenced in 2005, on average, 30% of all live ducks sampled, 5% of other species of live birds and 3% of birds found dead have tested positive for avian influenza, all of North American lineage and of low pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Parmley
- Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Berhane Y, Ojkic D, Neufeld J, Leith M, Hisanaga T, Kehler H, Ferencz A, Wojcinski H, Cottam-Birt C, Suderman M, Handel K, Alexandersen S, Pasick J. Molecular characterization of pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from turkeys and pathogenicity of a human pH1N1 isolate in turkeys. Avian Dis 2011; 54:1275-85. [PMID: 21313850 DOI: 10.1637/9422-061410-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Suspected human-to-animal transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus has been reported in several animal species, including pigs, dogs, cats, ferrets, and turkeys. In this study we describe the genetic characterization of pH1N1 viruses isolated from breeder turkeys that was associated with a progressive drop in egg production. Sequence analysis of all eight gene segments from three viruses isolated from this outbreak demonstrated homology with other human and swine pH1N1 isolates. The susceptibility of turkeys to a human pH1N1 isolate was further evaluated experimentally. The 50% turkey infectious dose (TID50) for the human isolate A/Mexico/LnDRE/4487/2009 was determined by inoculating groups of 8-10-week-old turkeys with serial 10-fold dilutions of virus by oronasal and cloacal routes. We estimated the TID50 to be between 1 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6) TCID50. The pathogenesis of pH1N1 in oronasally or cloacally inoculated juvenile turkeys was also examined. None of the turkeys exhibited clinical signs, and no significant difference in virus shedding or seroconversion was observed between the two inoculation groups. More than 50% of the turkeys in both oronasal and cloacal groups shed virus beginning at 2 days postinoculation (dpi). All birds that actively shed virus seroconverted by 14 dpi. Virus antigen was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the cecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius in two of the birds that were infected by the cloacal route. Virus transmission to naive contact turkeys was at best doubtful. This report provides additional evidence that pH1N1 can cross the species barrier and cause disease outbreaks in domestic turkeys. However, it appears that the reproductive status of the host as well as environmental factors such as concurrent infections, stress, the presence or absence of litter, and stocking density may also contribute to efficient infection and transmission of this agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Berhane
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3M4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferro PJ, Budke CM, Peterson MJ, Cox D, Roltsch E, Merendino T, Nelson M, Lupiani B. Multiyear surveillance for avian influenza virus in waterfowl from wintering grounds, Texas coast, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:1224-30. [PMID: 20678315 PMCID: PMC3298295 DOI: 10.3201/eid1608.091864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This surveillance can help in assessments of the prevalence of wild animal-to-human transmission. We studied the prevalence of influenza A virus in wintering waterfowl from the Central Flyway on the Gulf Coast of Texas. Of 5,363 hunter-harvested migratory and resident waterfowl and wetland-associated game birds sampled during 3 consecutive hunting seasons (September–January 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09), real-time reverse transcription–PCR detected influenza A matrix sequences in 8.5% of samples, H5 in 0.7%, and H7 in 0.6%. Virus isolation yielded 134 influenza A viruses, including N1–N9, H1–H7, H10, and H11 subtypes. Low-pathogenicity H7 subtype was isolated during January, September, and November 2007 and January 2008; low-pathogenicity H5 subtype was isolated during November and December 2007.
Collapse
|
31
|
Broad detection of diverse H5 and H7 hemagglutinin genes of avian influenza viruses by real-time reverse transcription-PCR using primer and probe sets containing mixed bases. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4275-8. [PMID: 20861344 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01264-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was developed for broad detection of diverse H5 and H7 genes in Eurasian and American lineages of avian influenza viruses by using primer and probe sets containing mixed bases. Optimal use of the mixed bases enabled us to minimize sequence mismatches and to broaden the gene detection spectrum without decreasing sensitivity.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pedersen J, Killian ML, Hines N, Senne D, Panigrahy B, Ip HS, Spackman E. Validation of a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus. Avian Dis 2010; 54:639-43. [PMID: 20521707 DOI: 10.1637/8911-043009-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the validation of an avian influenza virus (AIV) H7 subtype-specific real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay developed at the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) for the detection of H7 AI in North and South American wild aquatic birds and poultry. The validation was a collaborative effort by the SEPRL and the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. The 2008 H7 rRT-PCR assay detects 10(1) 50% embryo infectious doses per reaction, or 10(3)-10(4) copies of transcribed H7 RNA. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were estimated to be 97.5% and 82.4%, respectively; the assay was shown to be specific for H7 AI when tested with > 270 wild birds and poultry viruses. Following validation, the 2008 H7 rRT-PCR procedure was adopted as an official U.S. Department of Agriculture procedure for the detection of H7 AIV. The 2008 H7 assay replaced the previously used (2002) assay, which does not detect H7 viruses currently circulating in wild birds in North and South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Pedersen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pasick J, Berhane Y, Kehler H, Hisanaga T, Handel K, Robinson J, Ojkic D, Kibenge F, Fortin M, King R, Hamel A, Spiro D, Parmley J, Soos C, Jenkins E, Breault A, Caswell D, Davies C, Rodrigue J, McAloney K, Leighton F. Survey of Influenza A Viruses Circulating in Wild Birds in Canada 2005 to 2007. Avian Dis 2010; 54:440-5. [DOI: 10.1637/8800-040109-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
34
|
Petrauskene OV, Schumaker MA, Thorstenson Y, Fearnley C, Pavlidis T, Liew SN, Cork J, Furtado MR, Wakeley PR, Slomka MJ. New Highly Sensitive and Accurate Lyophilized Real-Time RT-PCR Tests for Early Detection of Avian Influenza. Avian Dis 2010; 54:686-9. [DOI: 10.1637/8797-040109-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
35
|
Slomka MJ, Irvine RM, Pavlidis T, Banks J, Brown IH. Role of Real-Time RT-PCR Platform Technology in the Diagnosis and Management of Notifiable Avian Influenza Outbreaks: Experiences in Great Britain. Avian Dis 2010; 54:591-6. [DOI: 10.1637/8947-052909-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
36
|
Van Borm S, Suarez DL, Boschmans M, Ozhelvaci O, Marché S, van den Berg TP. Rapid Detection of Eurasian and American H7 Subtype Influenza A Viruses Using a Single TaqManMGB Real-Time RT-PCR. Avian Dis 2010; 54:632-8. [DOI: 10.1637/8734-032509-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|