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Jeong J, Lee H, Rho Y, Jeon Y. Case report: Gross total resection of a primary fourth ventricular meningioma using the telovelar approach in a dog. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1450332. [PMID: 39239391 PMCID: PMC11374598 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1450332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed female Maltese dog presented with a 2-month history of gait alterations, wide-based stance, and chronic vomiting. Neurological examination revealed cerebellovestibular signs, including head tilt, nystagmus, strabismus, intentional tremor, and hypermetric gait. MRI showed a mass with iso- to hypointensity on T1-weighted (T1W) images and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted (T2W) images, with marked non-uniform contrast enhancement. The tumor was removed via a telovelar approach without intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, the dog developed non-ambulatory paraparesis with the rigidity of the pelvic limbs but recovered ambulation within 6 days. Preoperative neurological signs progressively improved, and the patient was discharged without complications 10 days after surgery. Histological examination revealed dense spindle cells with an abundant collagen matrix and oval-shaped nucleated cells with small whorls, leading to a diagnosis of transitional meningioma of the fourth ventricle. MRI follow-up at 8 months postoperatively showed no definitive evidence of recurrence. At the final follow-up, 15.4 months postoperatively, mild neurological signs, including a slight head tilt and subtle strabismus, remained, but the rest of the neurological examination was normal. This is the first reported case of a meningioma in the fourth ventricle of a dog successfully removed using the telovelar approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebeom Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Rho
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJin Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Rissi DR, Miller AD, Demeter EA, Church ME, Koehler JW. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of primary and secondary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs and cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:153-168. [PMID: 38234003 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231221858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of primary and secondary CNS neoplasms of dogs and cats relies on histologic examination of autopsy or biopsy samples. In addition, many neoplasms must be further characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a more refined diagnosis in specific cases. Given the many investigations assessing the diagnostic and prognostic IHC profile of CNS neoplasms in the veterinary literature, it may be difficult for the diagnostic pathologist or pathology trainee to narrow the list of reliable diagnostic IHCs when facing a challenging case. Here we compile a comprehensive list of the most diagnostically relevant immunomarkers that should be utilized for the diagnostic support or confirmation of the most common primary and secondary CNS neoplasms of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elena A Demeter
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Molly E Church
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer W Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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3
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Reyes VAA, Howerth EW, Blas-Machado U, Platt SR, Pavarini SP, Castro LT, Church ME, Rissi DR. Glioma with cribriform plate involvement in 6 dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:800-805. [PMID: 37608783 PMCID: PMC10621564 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231195291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct patterns of local infiltration are a common feature of canine oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma, and typically involve the surrounding neuroparenchyma, ventricles, or leptomeninges. Infiltration of adjacent extraneural sites is rare and has not been well documented in veterinary medicine. Here we describe 6 canine gliomas with cribriform plate involvement (compression or infiltration) and caudal nasal invasion confirmed by neuroimaging, autopsy, and/or histology. All affected dogs were adults (9-12-y-old), and 3 were brachycephalic. Clinical signs were associated with the brain tumor, with no respiratory signs reported. Magnetic resonance imaging in 2 patients revealed a rostral intraparenchymal telencephalic mass with extension into the cribriform plate. All dogs were euthanized. Gross changes consisted of poorly demarcated, white or pale-yellow, soft, and, in oligodendrogliomas, gelatinous, intraparenchymal masses that expanded the rostral portions of the telencephalon and adhered firmly to the ethmoid bone and cribriform plate. Gliomas were classified as high-grade oligodendrogliomas (4 cases) and high-grade astrocytomas (2 cases) based on histology and immunohistochemistry for OLIG2 and GFAP. In all cases, there was evidence of cribriform plate invasion and, in one case, additional invasion of the caudal nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente A. A. Reyes
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Saulo P. Pavarini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas T. Castro
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Molly E. Church
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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4
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Korff CP, Chu SA, Percival AJ, Nelissen S, Wood JH, Davies E, Miller AD, Newman AW. Unique cytologic and imaging features of a lumbosacral oligodendroglioma in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:289-294. [PMID: 37010018 PMCID: PMC10185999 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-y-old castrated male domestic longhaired cat had progressive paraparesis and neurolocalization of L4-S3. MRI revealed a circumscribed intradural-extraparenchymal mass from L5 to S1 that was T2 and short tau inversion recovery hyperintense and strongly contrast-enhancing. Cytologic interpretation of a blind fine-needle aspirate obtained through the L5-L6 space was a tumor of probable mesenchymal origin. A pair of suspect neoplastic cells was seen on a cytocentrifuged preparation of the atlanto-occipital CSF sample, despite a normal nucleated cell count (0 × 106/L) and total protein (0.11 g/L) with only 3 RBCs × 106/L. Clinical signs progressed despite increasing doses of prednisolone and cytarabine arabinoside. Repeat MRI on day 162 demonstrated tumor progression from L4 to Cd2 vertebral segments with intraparenchymal extension. Surgical tumor debulking was attempted, but an L4-S1 dorsal laminectomy revealed diffusely abnormal neuroparenchyma. Intraoperative cryosection favored lymphoma, and the cat was euthanized intraoperatively 163 d following presentation. Postmortem examination was performed, and the final diagnosis was a high-grade oligodendroglioma. This case illustrates the cytologic, cryosection, and MRI features of a unique clinical presentation of oligodendroglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P. Korff
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shelley A. Chu
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aaron J. Percival
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Nelissen
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Wood
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emma Davies
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ashleigh W. Newman
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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5
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Rissi DR. A review of primary central nervous system neoplasms of cats. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:294-307. [PMID: 36803009 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231155400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are uncommonly diagnosed in cats. The majority of primary feline CNS neoplasms described in the veterinary literature consist of meningioma and glioma occurring mainly in the brain and less often in the spinal cord. Although most neoplasms can be diagnosed based on routine histologic evaluation, less typical tumors need to be further characterized using immunohistochemistry. This review compiles the relevant information about the most common primary CNS neoplasms of cats available in the veterinary literature, aiming to serve as a converging source of information for the topic.
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6
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Yoshida K, Chambers JK, Uchida K. Immunohistochemical study of neural stem cell lineage markers in canine brains, gliomas, and a glioma cell line. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:35-46. [PMID: 36384382 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221136297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) produce neuron intermediate progenitor cells (nIPC), oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and immature astrocytes. To confirm NSC lineages in the normal canine brain and the association of these cells with gliomas, an immunohistochemical study was conducted on fetal and adult canine brains, gliomas, and a glioma cell line. In fetal brains, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)- and nestin-immunolabeled NSC were observed in the ventricular zone, β-3 tubulin- and/or neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-immunolabeled nIPC in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α)- and OLIG2-immunolabeled OPC and GFAP- and OLIG2-immunolabeled immature astrocytes in the SVZ and intermediate zone. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry revealed that nIPC exhibited high proliferative activity. Quiescent nIPC and OPC were observed in adult brains. Among 58 glioma cases including 4 low-grade oligodendrogliomas (LGOGs), 48 high-grade oligodendrogliomas (HGOGs), 1 low-grade astrocytoma, and 5 high-grade astrocytomas (HGACs), immunohistochemical analyses revealed that oligodendrogliomas expressed PDGFR-α and OLIG2, whereas astrocytomas expressed GFAP and OLIG2. HGOG showed significantly higher immunohistochemical scores for NeuN and β-3 tubulin than LGOG. The Ki-67 labeling index was high in PDGFR-α and NeuN-immunolabeled tumor cells, and low in β-3 tubulin- and synaptophysin-immunolabeled cells. A HGOG cell line possessed the same immunohistochemical characteristics as HGOG. In this study, glioma cells with the OPC and IPC immunophenotypes had a higher Ki-67 labeling index, indicating their high proliferative activity. Furthermore, high-grade gliomas showed the characteristics of nIPC and neurons, which may suggest the pluripotent NSC lineage nature of these tumors.
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7
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Elbert JA, Rissi DR. Doublecortin immunolabeling and lack of neuronal nuclear protein immunolabeling in feline gliomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:757-760. [PMID: 35678136 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) can be used as immunomarkers of neuronal progenitor cells and mature neurons, respectively. Increased DCX immunolabeling has been associated with tumor invasion in human gliomas and anaplastic canine meningiomas. These immunomarkers have not been assessed in feline gliomas. Here we characterized the DCX and NeuN immunohistochemistry (IHC) profile in 11 feline gliomas (7 oligodendrogliomas, 4 astrocytomas). Immunolabeling was classified according to intensity (weak, moderate, strong), distribution of neoplastic cell immunolabeling (1 = <30%, 2 = 30-70%, 3 = >70%), and predominant location within the neoplasm (random or at tumor margins). DCX immunolabeling was strong in 6 cases, weak in 4 cases, and moderate in 1 case. The distribution of DCX immunolabeling was characterized as 1 (4 cases), 2 (4 cases), and 3 (3 cases). DCX immunolabeling occurred predominantly in astrocytomas, which had stronger immunostaining at the tumor margins. NeuN immunolabeling was absent in all cases. Our IHC findings are similar to those reported for DCX and NeuN IHC in canine gliomas. The increased DCX immunolabeling at tumor margins is similar to labeling in invasive human gliomas and anaplastic canine meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Elbert
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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8
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de Witt AA, Lewis M, Schoeman JP. Choroid plexus carcinoma in a dog—case report. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anika A. de Witt
- Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Pretoria Gauteng South Africa
| | - Michelle Lewis
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Pretoria Gauteng South Africa
| | - Johan P. Schoeman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Pretoria Gauteng South Africa
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9
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Chludzinski E, Puff C, Weber J, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Case Report: Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Oligodendrogliomatosis in a Young Adult Cat. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:795126. [PMID: 34977226 PMCID: PMC8714914 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.795126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old cat was presented with progressive ataxia. Despite treatment the animal died. Pathomorphological examination revealed a widespread leptomeningeal mass at all levels of the central nervous system accentuated on the cervical spinal cord and the medulla oblongata without presence of a primary intraaxial tumor. The neoplasm was mainly composed of round, uninucleate cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, which were immunopositive for OLIG2, doublecortin, MAP2, synaptophysin, and vimentin, indicating components of both oligodendroglial and neuronal differentiation. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry indicated a high proliferation activity of the neoplasm. Few GFAP positive and Iba-1 positive cells were interpreted as reactive astrocytes and macrophages or microglia, respectively. The tumor was immunonegative for CD3, CD20, PAX5, MUM1, pan-cytokeratin, S100, NSE, p75NTR, NeuN and periaxin. These findings led to the diagnosis of primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis. This is the first reported case of this entity in a young cat, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis for diffuse subarachnoidal round cell infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chludzinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weber
- Tierärztliche Praxis für Kleintiere Dr. med. vet. Jürgen Weber, Oer-Erkenschwick, Germany
| | - Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
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10
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José‐López R, Gutierrez‐Quintana R, de la Fuente C, Manzanilla EG, Suñol A, Pi Castro D, Añor S, Sánchez‐Masian D, Fernández‐Flores F, Ricci E, Marioni‐Henry K, Mascort J, Matiasek LA, Matiasek K, Brennan PM, Pumarola M. Clinical features, diagnosis, and survival analysis of dogs with glioma. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1902-1917. [PMID: 34117807 PMCID: PMC8295679 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas in dogs remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To characterize the clinicopathologic findings, diagnostic imaging features and survival of a large sample of dogs with glioma using the Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium diagnostic classification. ANIMALS Ninety-one dogs with histopathological diagnosis of glioma. METHODS Multicentric retrospective case series. Signalment, clinicopathologic findings, diagnostic imaging characteristics, treatment, and outcome were used. Tumors were reclassified according to the new canine glioma diagnostic scheme. RESULTS No associations were found between clinicopathologic findings or survival and tumor type or grade. However, definitive treatments provided significantly (P = .03) improved median survival time (84 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 45-190) compared to palliative treatment (26 days; 95% CI, 11-54). On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), oligodendrogliomas were associated with smooth margins and T1-weighted hypointensity compared to astrocytomas (odds ratio [OR], 42.5; 95% CI, 2.42-744.97; P = .04; OR, 45.5; 95% CI, 5.78-333.33; P < .001, respectively) and undefined gliomas (OR, 84; 95% CI, 3.43-999.99; P = .02; OR, 32.3; 95% CI, 2.51-500.00; P = .008, respectively) and were more commonly in contact with the ventricles than astrocytomas (OR, 7.47; 95% CI, 1.03-53.95; P = .049). Tumor spread to neighboring brain structures was associated with high-grade glioma (OR, 6.02; 95% CI, 1.06-34.48; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with gliomas have poor outcomes, but risk factors identified in survival analysis inform prognosis and the newly identified MRI characteristics could refine diagnosis of tumor type and grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto José‐López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez‐Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Cristian de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Edgar G. Manzanilla
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College DublinDublinIreland
- TEAGASC, The Irish Food and Agriculture AuthorityCorkIreland
| | - Anna Suñol
- ARS VeterinariaBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Dolors Pi Castro
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN), Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Anicura Arvivet Hospital VeterinariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sonia Añor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Daniel Sánchez‐Masian
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
- Present address:
Anderson Moores Veterinary SpecialistsWinchesterUK
| | | | - Emanuele Ricci
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Katia Marioni‐Henry
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Lara A. Matiasek
- Tierklinik HaarHaarGermany
- Present address:
Anicura Small Animal ClinicBabenhausenGermany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitaetMunichGermany
| | - Paul M. Brennan
- Translational Neurosurgery, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN), Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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11
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Bentley RT, Yanke AB, Miller MA, Heng HG, Cohen-Gadol A, Rossmeisl JH. Cerebrospinal Fluid Drop Metastases of Canine Glioma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:650320. [PMID: 34012987 PMCID: PMC8126621 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.650320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of glioma in humans can occur as leptomeningeal nodules, diffuse leptomeningeal lesions, or ependymal lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drop metastasis of glioma is not well-recognized in dogs. Ten dogs with at least two anatomically distinct and histologically confirmed foci of glioma were included in this study. The 10 dogs underwent 28 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, with distant CSF drop metastasis revealed in 13 MRIs. The CSF drop metastases appeared as leptomeningeal nodules in four dogs, diffuse leptomeningeal lesions in six dogs, and ependymal lesions in seven dogs; six dogs had a combination of lesion types. Primary tumors were generally T2-heterogeneous and contrast-enhancing. Many metastases were T2-homogeneous and non-enhancing. Diffuse leptomeningeal lesions were seen as widespread extra-axial contrast-enhancement, again very dissimilar to the intra-axial primary mass. Primary masses were rostrotentorial, whereas metastases generally occurred in the direction of CSF flow, in ventricles, CSF cisterns, and the central canal or leptomeninges of the cervical or thoracolumbar spinal cord. Seven of the dogs had received therapy limited to the primary mass, such as surgery or stereotactic radiation, then developed metastasis in the following months. CSF drop metastasis of glioma may take a very different appearance on MRI to the primary mass, including periventricular lesions that are more homogeneous and less contrast-enhancing, rostral horn signal changes, or leptomeningeal enhancement ventral to the brainstem or encircling the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amy B Yanke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Margaret A Miller
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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12
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Kent M, Song RB, Glass EN, Warren JD, de Lahunta A, Miller A. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1241-1244. [PMID: 33269964 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.12.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Rissi DR, Donovan TA, Porter BF, Frank C, Miller AD. Canine Gliomatosis Cerebri: Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization Is Supportive of Glial Histogenesis. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:293-304. [PMID: 33357125 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a glioma subtype with diffuse neuroparenchymal infiltration without architectural distortion. GC was first used in human neuropathology and remained controversial until its elimination from the diagnostic lexicon in 2016. GC is currently defined as a diffuse growth pattern of glioma rather than a distinct entity. In this article, we characterize 24 cases of canine GC and classify these neoplasms as diffuse gliomas. Selected cases of canine GC were reviewed and immunolabeled for oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (Olig2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase). The mean age of affected dogs was 7 years, and 9 were brachycephalic. Gross lesions (8 cases) consisted mainly of parenchymal swelling. Histologically, of the 24 cases, there was widespread infiltration of neoplastic cells with astrocytic (12 cases), oligodendroglial (8 cases), or mixed morphology (4 cases) in the brain (18 cases), spinal cord (4 cases), or both (2 cases). Secondary structures occurred across different tumor grades and were not restricted to high-grade neoplasms. Astrocytic neoplasms had moderate nuclear immunolabeling for Olig2 and robust cytoplasmic immunolabeling for GFAP. Oligodendroglial neoplasms had robust nuclear immunolabeling for Olig2, moderate or absent cytoplasmic immunolabeling for GFAP, and moderate cytoplasmic immunolabeling for CNPase. Tumors with mixed morphology had robust nuclear immunolabeling for Olig2 and variable cytoplasmic immunolabeling for GFAP and CNPase. Morphologic and immunohistochemical features confirmed a glial histogenesis for all tumors and allowed for their classification as diffuse, low- or high-grade astrocytoma; oligodendroglioma; or undefined glioma. Further research is needed to confirm or refute the hypothesis that canine GC represents an infiltrative growth pattern of canine glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chad Frank
- 3447Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA
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14
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Orlandi R, Vasilache CG, Mateo I. Palliative ventriculoperitoneal shunting in dogs with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by tumors affecting the third ventricle. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1556-1562. [PMID: 32472726 PMCID: PMC7379019 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive or obstructive hydrocephalus is a common complication in dogs with tumors affecting the third ventricle for which few therapeutic options are available. OBJECTIVES To describe signalment, neurological status, and pre- and postsurgical findings, complications and survival time in 4 dogs with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by third ventricle tumors that were palliatively treated using ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). ANIMALS Four client-owned dogs with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by tumors affecting the third ventricle. METHODS Medical records were reviewed for dogs diagnosed with third ventricular tumors. Inclusion criteria were complete medical record, advanced diagnostic imaging for review, and VPS as sole surgical treatment. RESULTS At the time of diagnosis, all patients displayed acute onset and rapidly progressive diffuse intracranial clinical signs. On advanced imaging, all dogs had a homogeneously enhancing mass occupying or collapsing the third ventricle as well as obstructive hydrocephalus. All of the dogs underwent VPS of the most dilated lateral ventricle. In 2 of the patients, intracranial hypertension followed by normotension after VPS placement was confirmed intraoperatively by means of direct intracranial pressure monitoring. Excellent clinical improvement was observed in all dogs immediately after surgery. Three patients required a second VPS in the contralateral lateral ventricle 3, 7 and 11 months after the first surgery, all of them with renewed improvement in clinical signs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is a rapid and effective treatment for patients with obstructive (hypertensive) hydrocephalus caused by tumors located within the third ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Orlandi
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Veterinario VETSIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isidro Mateo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Veterinario VETSIA, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Pupin RC, Rissi DR, Gomes DC, Gimelli A, Palumbo MIP. High‐grade astrocytoma with ventricular invasion in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Chitolina Pupin
- Anatomic Pathology LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMSBrazil
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic LaboratoryUniversity of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Danilo Carloto Gomes
- Anatomic Pathology LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMSBrazil
| | - Amanda Gimelli
- Professional Residence in Veterinary MedicineFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil
| | - Mariana Isa Poci Palumbo
- Small Animal Medical ClinicFederal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
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16
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Miller AD, Miller CR, Rossmeisl JH. Canine Primary Intracranial Cancer: A Clinicopathologic and Comparative Review of Glioma, Meningioma, and Choroid Plexus Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 31788444 PMCID: PMC6856054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dog, primary intracranial neoplasia represents ~2-5% of all cancers and is especially common in certain breeds including English and French bulldogs and Boxers. The most common types of primary intracranial cancer in the dog are meningioma, glioma, and choroid plexus tumors, generally occurring in middle aged to older dogs. Much work has recently been done to understand the characteristic imaging and clinicopathologic features of these tumors. The gross and histologic landscape of these tumors in the dog compare favorably to their human counterparts with many similarities noted in histologic patterns, subtype, and grades. Data informing the underlying molecular abnormalities in the canine tumors have only begun to be unraveled, but reveal similar pathways are mutated between canine and human primary intracranial neoplasia. This review will provide an overview of the clinicopathologic features of the three most common forms of primary intracranial cancer in the dog, delve into the comparative aspects between the dog and human neoplasms, and provide an introduction to current standard of care while also highlighting novel, experimental treatments that may help bridge the gap between canine and human cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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17
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Cornax I, Pluhar GE, Clark HB, O'Sullivan MG. Oligodendroglioma with Neuronal Differentiation in Two Boxer Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2019; 172:11-16. [PMID: 31690408 PMCID: PMC10923238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of high-grade glioma comprising sheets of oligodendroglial cells multifocally disrupted by regions of remarkable neuronal differentiation are described. These tumours morphologically resemble 'oligodendroglioma with ganglioglioma-like maturation', a rare tumour of man, but appear to be phenotypically more aggressive. Neuronal markers (synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase and βIII-tubulin) effectively highlight neuronal elements within these tumours and could potentially help to further investigate the prevalence and biological significance of neuronal differentiation in canine oligodendroglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cornax
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, Medical School, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - G E Pluhar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H B Clark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M G O'Sullivan
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, Medical School, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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18
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Miller AD, Koehler JW, Donovan TA, Stewart JE, Porter BF, Rissi DR, Priestnall SL, Schulman FY. Canine Ependymoma: Diagnostic Criteria and Common Pitfalls. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:860-867. [PMID: 31266414 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819859872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reports of canine ependymoma are generally restricted to single case reports with tumor incidence estimated at 2% to 3% of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. While most commonly reported in the lateral ventricle, tumors can occur anywhere in the ventricular system and in extraventricular locations. Rosettes and pseudorosettes are a common histologic feature; however, these features can be mimicked by other CNS neoplasms. Thirty-seven potential ependymoma cases were identified in a retrospective database search of 8 institutions, and a histologic review of all cases was conducted. Of 37 cases, 22 candidate cases were further subjected to a consensus histologic and immunohistochemical review, and only 5 of 37 (13.5%) were conclusively identified as ependymoma. The neuroanatomic locations were the lateral ventricle (3/5), third ventricle (1/5), and mesencephalic aqueduct (1/5). Subtypes were papillary (4/5) and tanycytic (1/5). Histologic features included rosettes (5/5), pseudorosettes (5/5), ependymal canals (2/5), tanycytic differentiation (1/5), blepharoplasts (1/5), ciliated cells (1/5), and high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (5/5). Immunolabeling for GFAP (4/4) and CKAE1/3 (3/4) was found in pseudorosettes, rosettes, and scattered individual neoplastic cells. Diffuse but variably intense cytoplasmic S100 immunolabeling was detected in 3 of 4 cases. Olig2 intranuclear immunolabeling was observed in less than 1% of the neoplastic cells (3/3). Tumors that had pseudorosettes and mimicked ependymoma included oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus tumor, pituitary corticotroph adenoma, papillary meningioma, and suprasellar germ cell tumor. These findings indicate that canine ependymoma is an extremely rare neoplasm with histomorphologic features that overlap with other primary CNS neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer W Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Taryn A Donovan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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19
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Nakamoto Y, Fukunaga D, Uchida K, Mori T, Kishimoto T, Ozawa T. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma with leptomeningeal dissemination in a french bulldog. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1590-1595. [PMID: 30185721 PMCID: PMC6207505 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2.5-year-old male French Bulldog was evaluated for seizures. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a glioma in the left piriform area. Radiation therapy (RT) and continuous chemotherapy were administered. Although the lesion had regressed significantly 2 months after RT, a follow-up MRI revealed meningeal enhancement in the left piriform area, which expanded further, with hydrocephalus, by day 310 (8 months after RT). Because of the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanized on day 356 and necropsy was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed anaplastic oligodendroglioma with leptomeningeal dissemination. This case suggests that the possibility of leptomeningeal dissemination and hydrocephalus should be considered even after RT and chemotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nakamoto
- Kyoto Animal Referral Medical Center, 208-4, Shinarami, Tai, Kumiyama-cho, Kuze-gun, Kyoto 613-0036, Japan.,Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukunaga
- Crea Animal Hospital, 5-13-21, Aoyama, Otsu, Shiga 520-2101, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takuya Kishimoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ozawa
- Kyoto Animal Referral Medical Center, 208-4, Shinarami, Tai, Kumiyama-cho, Kuze-gun, Kyoto 613-0036, Japan
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20
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Kishimoto TE, Uchida K, Thongtharb A, Shibato T, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kagawa Y, Nakayama H. Expression of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Markers in Canine Oligodendrogliomas. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:634-644. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818777794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma is a common brain tumor in dogs, particularly brachycephalic breeds. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are suspected to be a possible origin of oligodendroglioma, although it has not been well elucidated. In the present study, 27 cases of canine brain oligodendrogliomas were histologically and immunohistochemically examined. The most commonly affected breed was the French Bulldog ( n = 19 of 27, 70%). Seizure was the most predominant clinical sign ( n = 17 of 25, 68%). The tumors were located mainly in the cerebrum, particularly in the frontal lobe ( n = 10 of 27, 37%). All cases were diagnosed as anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and had common histologic features characterized by the proliferation of round to polygonal cells with pronounced atypia and conspicuous mitotic activity (average, 10.7 mitoses per 10 high-power fields). Honeycomb pattern ( n = 5 of 27, 19%), myxoid matrix ( n = 10, 37%), cyst formation ( n = 6, 22%), necrosis ( n = 19, 70%), pseudopalisading ( n = 5, 18.5%), glomeruloid vessels ( n = 16, 59%), and microcalcification ( n = 5, 19%) were other histopathologic features of the present tumors. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Olig2 in all cases and for other markers of OPCs in most cases, including SOX10 ( n = 24 of 27, 89%), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α ( n = 24, 89%), and NG2 ( n = 23, 85%). The present AO also consisted of heterogeneous cell populations that were positive for nestin ( n = 13 of 27, 48%), glial fibrillary acidic protein ( n = 5, 19%), doublecortin ( n = 22, 82%), and βIII-tubulin ( n = 15, 56%). Moreover, cultured AO cells obtained from 1 case retained expression of OPC markers and exhibited multipotent characteristics in a serum culture condition. Overall, the findings suggest that transformed multipotent OPCs may be a potential origin of canine AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya E. Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Völker I, Schwarze I, Brezina TE, Köstlinger S, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Oligodendrogliom mit neuronaler Differenzierung bei einem 8 Monate alten Afrikanischen Weißbauchigel (Atelerix albiventris). TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2017; 44:348-354. [DOI: 10.15654/tpk-160112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungEin 8 Monate alter, männlicher Afrikanischer Weißbauchigel zeigte klinisch einen schwankenden Gang, Anurie, Inappetenz und Apathie, woraufhin die Verdachtsdiagnose Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome gestellt wurde. Nach Exazerbation wurde der Igel euthanasiert. Der histologisch im Großhirn nachgewiesene Tumor bestand überwiegend aus mittelgroßen, ovoiden Zellen und einer in geringerer Zahl vorhandenen spindelzelligen Zellpopulation. Im Tumor fanden sich Neuropil-Inseln und extrazelluläres myxoides Material. Immunhistochemisch exprimierten die Tumorzellen sowohl oligodendrogliale (neuritic outgrowth inhibitor, Nogo-A; oligodendrocyte transcription factor, Olig-2) als auch neuronale (neuronenspezifische Enolase, NSE; microtubuleassociated protein-2a, MAP-2a; Synaptophysin) Zellmarker. Anhand der Befunde wurde die Diagnose eines Oligodendroglioms mit neuronaler Differenzierung gestellt, wobei es sich um einen bei Weißbauch - igeln bisher nicht beschriebenen Hirntumor handelt. Die bei der Obduktion festgestellte hochgradige Füllung und Dilatation der Harnblase wurde vermutlich durch eine tumorbedingte zentrale Blockade des Blasenentleerungszentrums hervorgerufen. Auch bei jungen Igeln sollte im Fall neurologischer Symptome an einen primären Gehirntumor gedacht werden. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind entzündlich-infektiöse (Tollwut, Herpes, Baylisaskariose), degenerative (Kardiomyopathie, Bandscheibenerkrankung), traumatische, alimentäre (Vitamin-B-Mangel) und metabolisch-toxische (Hitze-Kälte-Starre, hepatische Enzephalopathie) Noxen auszuschließen.
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22
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Abstract
Case series summary This study aimed to evaluate the pathologic and diagnostic features of 13 cases of feline glioma diagnosed at two veterinary diagnostic institutions over 16 years. A retrospective search was conducted using the laboratory information system. Selected cases were reviewed, tumors were classified according to the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, and tissue sections were submitted to an immunohistochemistry panel for further characterization. Affected cats were adults (average age 8 years), and male neutered (9/13) domestic shorthair cats (12/13) were over-represented. Clinical signs had acute onset and were progressive, lasting from 1-60 days (average course 20.7 days). Euthanasia was elected in all but one case, owing to a poor prognosis or because of a suspicion of rabies. Tumors occurred in the telencephalon (8/13), spinal cord (3/13) and brainstem (2/13). Gross changes in seven cases consisted of well- or poorly demarcated, gray-to-brown, soft, gelatinous masses that often caused secondary changes to the brain. The final diagnosis and classification were made based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Diagnoses consisted of oligodendroglioma (six cases), anaplastic astrocytoma (two cases), oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, gliomatosis cerebri, glioblastoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (one case each). Relevance and novel information This article confirms the need for a full neurologic and neuropathologic examination in cats with clinical neurologic disease. In addition, it highlights and proposes a complete routine immunohistochemical panel for diagnostic confirmation and differentiation between glioma and other morphologically similar central nervous system neoplasms in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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23
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Bentley RT, Ahmed AU, Yanke AB, Cohen-Gadol AA, Dey M. Dogs are man's best friend: in sickness and in health. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:312-322. [PMID: 27298310 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the median survival of 14.6 months following best available standard of care, malignant gliomas (MGs) remain one of the biggest therapeutic challenges of the modern time. Although the last several decades have witnessed tremendous advancement in our understanding of MG and evolution of many successful preclinical therapeutic strategies, even the most successful preclinical therapeutic strategies often fail to cross the phase I/II clinical trial threshold. One of the significant, but less commonly discussed, barriers in developing effective glioma therapy is the lack of a robust preclinical model. For the last 30 years, rodent orthotopic xenograft models have been extensively used in the preclinical setting. Although they provide a good basic model for understanding tumor biology, their value in successfully translating preclinical therapeutic triumph into clinical success is extremely poor. Companion dogs, which share the same environmental stress as their human counterparts, also spontaneously develop MGs. Dog gliomas that develop spontaneously in an immunocompetent host are very similar to human gliomas and potentially provide a stronger platform for validating the efficacy of therapeutic strategies proven successful in preclinical mouse models. Integrating this model can accelerate development of effective therapeutic options that will benefit both human subjects and pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Amy B Yanke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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24
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Vigeral M, Bentley RT, Rancilio NJ, Miller MA, Heng HG. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS -ANTEMORTEM DETECTION OF OLIGODENDROGLIOMA "CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DROP METASTASES" IN A DOG BY SERIAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 59:E32-E37. [PMID: 28176389 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An English Bulldog underwent radiation therapy of an intracranial, left lateral ventricle mass. Following resolution of the primary mass, an intraventricular fourth ventricle lesion developed. Subsequently, multiple lesions developed from the cervical central canal and leptomeninges. Serial magnetic resonance imaging documented the propagation of lesions along the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, known as "CSF drop metastasis." Histopathology confirmed multifocal intraventricular and leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma. Oligodendroglioma should be included in the differential diagnosis for an intraventricular tumor exhibiting apparent CSF drop metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vigeral
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
| | - Nicholas J Rancilio
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
| | - Margaret A Miller
- Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
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25
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Abstract
Spinal cord glioma is uncommonly reported in dogs. We describe the clinicopathologic and diagnostic features of 7 cases of canine spinal cord glioma and briefly review the veterinary literature on this topic. The median age at presentation was 7.2 y. Six females and 1 male were affected and 4 dogs were brachycephalic. The clinical course lasted from 3 d to 12 wk, and clinical signs were progressive and associated with multiple suspected neuroanatomic locations in the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging of 6 cases revealed T2-weighted hyperintense lesions with variable contrast enhancement in the spinal cord. All dogs had a presumptive clinical diagnosis of intraparenchymal neoplasia or myelitis based on history, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Euthanasia was elected in all cases because of poor outcome despite anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive treatment or because of poor prognosis at the time of diagnosis. Tumor location during autopsy ranged from C1 to L6, with no clear predilection for a specific spinal cord segment. The diagnosis was based on histopathology and the immunohistochemistry expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2, 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and Ki-67. Diagnoses consisted of 4 cases of oligodendroglioma, 2 cases of gliomatosis cerebri, and 1 astrocytoma. This case series further defines the clinicopathologic features of canine spinal glioma and highlights the need for comprehensive immunohistochemistry in addition to routine histopathology to confirm the diagnosis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Renee Barber
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Annabelle Burnum
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi, Burnum) and Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA (Barber)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY (Miller)
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