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Ullrich N, Ramadani A, Paddenberg-Schubert E, Proff P, Jantsch J, Kirschneck C, Schröder A. Validation of reliable reference genes for qPCR of CD4+ T cells exposed to compressive strain. J Orofac Orthop 2024:10.1007/s00056-024-00543-0. [PMID: 39093346 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-024-00543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
For accurate interpretation of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) data, stable reference genes are essential for normalization of target genes. To date, there is no information on reliable housekeeping genes in CD4+ T cells in a three-dimensional (3D) matrix under pressure stimulation. This in vitro study describes for the first time a method for pressure stimulation of CD4+ T cells in a 3D matrix in the context of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and identifies a set of reliable reference genes. CD4+ T cells were isolated from murine spleen and activated with anti-CD3/-CD28 Dynabeads (Thermo Fisher, Langenselbold, Germany) on standard cell culture plates or in 3D scaffolds with or without compressive strain. Expression stability of nine potential reference genes was examined using four mathematical algorithms. Gene expression of Il2 was normalized to all potential reference genes to highlight the importance of correct normalization. Cell proliferation and the expression of the surface markers CD25 and CD69 were also determined. The 3D matrix did not inhibit proliferation after immunological activation of T cells and embedded the cells sufficiently to expose them to pressure load. Expression of ubiquitin C (Ubc) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) was the most stable under all conditions tested. A combination of these two genes was suitable for normalization of qPCR data. Normalization of Il2 gene expression showed highly variable results depending on the reference gene used. Pressure reduced cell proliferation and the number of CD69-positive T cells. This study provides a basis for performing valid and reliable qPCR experiments with CD4+ T cells cultured in 3D scaffolds and exposed to compressive forces simulating OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ullrich
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ardita Ramadani
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Bertolini M, Clark D. Periodontal disease as a model to study chronic inflammation in aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:3695-3709. [PMID: 37285008 PMCID: PMC11226587 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that results in the destruction of the teeth supporting tissues, eventually leading to the loss of teeth and reduced quality of life. In severe cases, periodontal disease can limit proper nutritional intake, cause acute pain and infection, and cause a withdrawal from social situations due to esthetic and phonetic concerns. Similar to other chronic inflammatory conditions, periodontal disease increases in prevalence with age. Research into what drives periodontal disease pathogenesis in older adults is contributing to our general understanding of age-related chronic inflammation. This review will present periodontal disease as an age-related chronic inflammatory disease and as an effective geroscience model to study mechanisms of age-related inflammatory dysregulation. The current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive inflammatory dysregulation as a function of age will be discussed with a focus on the major pathogenic immune cells in periodontal disease, which include neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells. Research in the aging biology field has shown that the age-related changes in these immune cells result in the cells becoming less effective in the clearance of microbial pathogens, expansion of pathogenic subpopulations, or an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions. Such changes can be pathogenic and contribute to inflammatory dysregulation that is associated with a myriad of age-related disease including periodontal disease. An improved understanding is needed to develop better interventions that target the molecules or pathways that are perturbed with age in order to improve treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, including periodontal disease, in older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Clark
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Scrobota I, Tig IA, Marcu AO, Potra Cicalau GI, Sachelarie L, Iova G. Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diabetic Wistar Rats with Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2024; 14:527. [PMID: 38793109 PMCID: PMC11121950 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of periodontal disease and diabetes is a subject of intense research in terms of etiopathology and treatment options. This research aimed to evaluate the modulation of the local inflammatory status by two natural extracts, curcumin (Cu) and rutin (R), in an experimentally induced diabetes and periodontal disease in Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control (C), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease (DP), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Curcumin (DPCu), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Rutin (DPR), and Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with both Curcumin and Rutin (DPCuR). Gingival samples were collected from all rats, and immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD20, and CD34 were evaluated to assess the local inflammatory infiltrate. Descriptive statistics were applied (SPSS24 Software, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS Rutin, alone or combined with Curcumin, reduced CD3-positive cell levels. Curcumin demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing CD20-positive cells. The combination of Curcumin and Rutin had the most important impact on both markers. Curcumin notably increased immature CD34-positive cell levels. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin and Rutin, either alone or together, hold potential for reducing local inflammation in diabetes-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Scrobota
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Ioan Andrei Tig
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Andrea Olivia Marcu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalau
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gilda Iova
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
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4
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Sun S, Yan T, Yang N, Wu J, Liu Z. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling by TCF8 in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2580-2591. [PMID: 37246926 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of zinc-finger homeodomain transcription factor (TCF8) in osteoclastogenesis and inflammation during periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with periodontitis were induced via Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) injection. The recombinant lentivirus delivering short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against TCF8 was used to downregulate TCF8 in vivo. Alveolar bone loss in rats was determined by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Typical pathological changes, periodontal tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis were evaluated via histological analyses. The RAW264.7-derived osteoclasts were induced by RANKL stimulation. TCF8 downregulation in vitro was achieved by lentivirus infection. The osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling in RANKL-induced cells were measured via immunofluorescence methods and molecular biology approaches. RESULTS Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide induced rats exhibited overexpressed TCF8 in their periodontal tissues, while TCF8 knockdown attenuated the bone loss, tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis in LPS-induced rats. Besides, TCF8 silencing inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the reduced numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts, less formation of F-actin rings, and downregulated expressions of osteoclast-specific markers. It also exerted an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB signaling in RANKL-induced cells via blocking NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS TCF8 silencing inhibited alveolar bone loss, osteoclast differentiation, and inflammation in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kinane DF, Lappin DF, Culshaw S. The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38641953 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co-authors. The topic is relatively intense and is thus broken down into sections outlined below, tackled as descriptive narratives to enhance understanding. Any attempt at a systematic or scoping review was quickly abandoned given the descriptive nature and marked variation of approach in almost all publications. Even the most uniform area of this acquired periodontal immunology literature, antibody responses to putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, falls short of common structures and common primary outcome variables one would need and expect in clinical studies, where randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) abound. Addressing 'the host's role' in immunity immediately requires a discussion of host susceptibility, which necessitates consideration of genetic studies (covered elsewhere in the volume and superficially covered here).
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Zhang H, Sun M, Xu H, Huang H. Th-Cell Subsets of Submandibular Lymph Nodes in Peri-Implantitis. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:692-698. [PMID: 38299822 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implant surgery is a popular operation in craniomaxillofacial surgery, but the occurrence of peri-implantitis affects the success and survival rate of the implant. Research has found that Th-cell-related cytokines are associated with peri-implantitis. However, the distribution and proportions of Th-cell subsets in submandibular lymph nodes' immune environments during the progression of peri-implantitis remain unclear. METHODS Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the 1-week ligation peri-implantitis induction (Lig 1w) group, the Lig 2w group, and the Lig 4w group (n=12). Ligation was maintained for different times to induce peri-implantitis 4 weeks after implantation. Inflammation and bone resorption were examined by clinical probing and micro-CT. The submandibular lymph nodes were harvested for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry to obtain the Th-cell profiles. RESULTS With increasing ligation time, more redness and swelling in the gingiva and more bone resorption around the implant were observed ( P <0.05). The proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells increased, the proportion of Th2 cells decreased, and the proportion of Treg cells first increased and then decreased in the lymph nodes ( P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provided a preliminary characterization of the temporal distribution of Th cells in lymph nodes of peri-implantitis. Persistent elevation of Th1 and Th17 proportions and decrease of Treg proportion may be the cause of bone resorption in peri-implantitis. Lymphatic drainage may be a bridge between craniomaxillofacial diseases and systemic diseases. Early immune support against T cells may be a potential therapeutic idea for the prevention of implant failure and the potential risk of systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials
| | - Mengzhe Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisong Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Ginesin O, Mayer Y, Gabay E, Rotenberg D, Machtei EE, Coyac BR, Bar-On Y, Zigdon-Giladi H. Revealing leukocyte populations in human peri-implantitis and periodontitis using flow cytometry. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5499-5508. [PMID: 37490117 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, quantify, and characterize leukocyte populations in PI and periodontitis using flow cytometry. METHODS Fresh biopsies from human PI and periodontitis lesions were processed to a single-cell suspension. The immune cell types were identified using flow cytometry. RESULTS Twenty-one biopsies were obtained and analyzed corresponding to fourteen PI and seven periodontitis samples. Participants' average age was 63.95 ± 14.77 years without a significant difference between PI and periodontitis patients, the female/male ratio was 8/12, and mean PD was 8.5 ± 2.17. High similarity was found between periodontitis and PI in the main immune cell types. Out of the leukocytes, the PMN proportion was 40% in PI and 33% in periodontitis. T-cells 22% in PI and 18% in periodontitis. Similar proportions of B-cells 10% and macrophages 6% were found in PI and periodontitis. Dendritic and NK cells were found in low proportions (~ 1%) in PI and periodontitis. T-cell sub-analysis showed that CD4-positive were more prevalent than CD8-positive in both diseases (CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.2). CONCLUSION With the use of flow cytometry analysis, the leukocyte populations in human peri-implantitis and periodontitis were classified. In PI and periodontitis, we identified similar proportions of specific (CD4/CD8) and innate (dendritic and NK) immune cells. These results corroborate previous histological studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Flow cytometry analysis can be used to identify and quantify immune cells in PI and periodontitis, including sub-classification of T cells (CD4/8) as well as detection of cells that require multiple markers for identification (such as dendritic cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Ginesin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, CRIR Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yaniv Mayer
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Gabay
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Rotenberg
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Eliahu Machtei
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin R Coyac
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, CRIR Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, CRIR Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Palideh A, Vaghari-Tabari M, Nosrati Andevari A, Qujeq D, Asemi Z, Alemi F, Rouhani Otaghsara H, Rafieyan S, Yousefi B. MicroRNAs and Periodontal Disease: Helpful Therapeutic Targets? Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:423-434. [PMID: 37646047 PMCID: PMC10460817 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease. This disease can be considered as an inflammatory disease. The immune response to bacteria accumulated in the gum line plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In addition to immune cells, periodontal ligament cells and gingival epithelial cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. miRNAs which are small RNA molecules with around 22 nucleotides have a considerable relationship with the immune system affecting a wide range of immunological events. These small molecules are also in relation with periodontium tissues especially periodontal ligament cells. Extensive studies have been performed in recent years on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this review paper, we have reviewed the results of these studies and discussed the role of miRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease comprehensively. miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and maybe helpful therapeutic targets for the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Nosrati Andevari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sona Rafieyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Luo Y, Yang B, Dong W, Yu W, Jia M, Wang J. DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 deficiency promotes bone resorption in murine periodontitis models. J Periodontal Res 2023. [PMID: 37243354 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth. DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) plays crucial roles in cell survival and differentiation. DDIT3 regulates bone mass and osteoclastogenesis in femur. However, the role of DDIT3 in periodontitis has not been elucidated. This research aimed to explore the role and mechanisms of DDIT3 in periodontitis. METHODS DDIT3 gene knockout (KO) mice were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Experimental periodontitis models were established to explore the role of DDIT3 in periodontitis. The expression of DDIT3 in periodontal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The alveolar bone phenotypes were observed by micro-CT and stereomicroscopy. The inflammation levels and osteoclast activity were examined by histological staining, immunostaining, and qRT-PCR. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated to confirm the effects of DDIT3 on osteoclast formation and function in vitro. RESULTS The increased expression of DDIT3 in murine inflamed periodontal tissues was detected. DDIT3 knockout aggravated alveolar bone loss and enhanced expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in murine periodontitis models. Increased osteoclast formation and higher expression levels of osteoclast-specific markers were observed in the inflamed periodontal tissues of KO mice. In vitro, DDIT3 deficiency promoted the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and the bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DDIT3 deletion aggravated alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis through enhanced inflammatory reactions and osteoclastogenesis. The anti-inflammation and the inhibition of bone loss by DDIT3 in murine periodontitis provides a potential novel therapeutic strategy for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beining Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meie Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Wang R, Wang H, Mu J, Yuan H, Pang Y, Wang Y, Du Y, Han F. Molecular events in the jaw vascular unit: A traditional review of the mechanisms involved in inflammatory jaw bone diseases. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:313-325. [PMID: 37226540 PMCID: PMC10541772 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory jaw bone diseases are common in stomatology, including periodontitis, peri-implantitis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw, age-related osteoporosis, and other specific infections. These diseases may lead to tooth loss and maxillofacial deformities, severely affecting patients' quality of life. Over the years, the reconstruction of jaw bone deficiency caused by inflammatory diseases has emerged as a medical and socioeconomic challenge. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with jaw bones is crucial for improving prognosis and developing new targeted therapies. Accumulating evidence indicates that the integrated bone formation and dysfunction arise from complex interactions among a network of multiple cell types, including osteoblast-associated cells, immune cells, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. However, the role of these different cells in the inflammatory process and the 'rules' with which they interact are still not fully understood. Although many investigations have focused on specific pathological processes and molecular events in inflammatory jaw diseases, few articles offer a perspective of integration. Here, we review the changes and mechanisms of various cell types in inflammatory jaw diseases, with the hope of providing insights to drive future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Junyu Mu
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yongchu Pang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Feng Han
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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11
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Shindo S, Pierrelus R, Ikeda A, Nakamura S, Heidari A, Pastore MR, Leon E, Ruiz S, Chheda H, Khatiwala R, Kumagai T, Tolson G, Elderbashy I, Ouhara K, Han X, Hernandez M, Vardar-Sengul S, Shiba H, Kawai T. Extracellular Release of Citrullinated Vimentin Directly Acts on Osteoclasts to Promote Bone Resorption in a Mouse Model of Periodontitis. Cells 2023; 12:1109. [PMID: 37190018 PMCID: PMC10136503 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption, a common pathological feature between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), implicates a possible mutually shared pathogenesis. The autoantibody to citrullinated vimentin (CV), a representative biomarker of RA, is reported to promote osteoclastogenesis (OC-genesis). However, its effect on OC-genesis in the context of periodontitis remains to be elucidated. In an in vitro experiment, the addition of exogenous CV upregulated the development of Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear OCs from mouse bone marrow cells and increased the formation of resorption pits. However, Cl-amidine, an irreversible pan-peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor, suppressed the production and secretion of CV from RANKL-stimulated OC precursors, suggesting that the citrullination of vimentin occurs in OC precursors. On the other hand, the anti-vimentin neutralizing antibody suppressed in vitro Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced OC-genesis. The CV-induced upregulation of OC-genesis was abrogated by the Protein kinase C (PKC)-δ inhibitor Rottlerin, accompanied by the downmodulation of OC-genesis-related genes, including Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP), TRAP and Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase phosphorylation. Elevated levels of soluble CV and vimentin-bearing mononuclear cells were found in the bone resorption lesions of periodontitis induced in mice in the absence of an anti-CV antibody. Finally, local injection of anti-vimentin neutralizing antibody suppressed the periodontal bone loss induced in mice. Collectively, these results indicated that the extracellular release of CV promoted OC-genesis and bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shindo
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Roodelyne Pierrelus
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Maria Rita Pastore
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leon
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Harsh Chheda
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rhea Khatiwala
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Tomoki Kumagai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - George Tolson
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Islam Elderbashy
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Saynur Vardar-Sengul
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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12
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Verçosa BLA, Muniz-Junqueira MI, Menezes-Souza D, Fujiwara RT, Borges LDF, Melo MN, Vasconcelos AC. MCP-1/IL-12 ratio expressions correlated with adventitial collagen depositions in renal vessels and IL-4/IFN-γ expression correlated with interstitial collagen depositions in the kidneys of dogs with canine leishmaniasis. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:61-76. [PMID: 36889187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Collagen deposition is a common event in chronic inflammation, and canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) is generally associated with a long and chronic evolution. Considering that the kidney shows fibrinogenic changes during CanL, and the balance of cytokines/chemokines regulates the profibrinogenic and antifibrinogenic immune responses differently, it can be hypothesized that the balance of cytokines/chemokines can be differentially expressed in the renal tissue in order to determine the expression of collagen depositions in the kidneys. This study aimed to measure collagen deposition and to evaluate cytokine/chemokine expressions in the kidney by means of qRT-PCR in sixteen Leishmania-infected dogs and six uninfected controls. Kidney fragments were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E), Masson's Trichrome, Picrosirius Red, and Gomori's reticulin. Intertubular and adventitial collagen depositions were evaluated by the morphometric approach. Cytokine RNA expressions were measured by means of qRT-PCR to identify molecules involved in chronic collagen depositions in kidneys with CanL. Collagen depositions were related to the presence of clinical signs, and more intense intertubular collagen depositions occurred in infected dogs. Adventitial collagen deposition, as morphometrically measured by the average area of the collagen, was more intense in clinically affected dogs than in subclinically infected dogs. TNF-α/TGF-β, MCP1/IL-12, CCL5/IL-12, IL-4/IFN-γ, and IL-12/TGF-β expressions were associated with clinical manifestations in dogs with CanL. The IL-4/IFN-α ratio was more commonly expressed and upregulated in clinically affected dogs, and downregulated in subclinically infected dogs. Furthermore, MCP-1/IL-12 and CCL5/IL-12 were more commonly expressed in subclinically infected dogs. Strong positive correlations were detected between morphometric values of interstitial collagen depositions and MCP-1/IL-12, IL-12, and IL-4 mRNA expression levels in the renal tissues. Adventitial collagen deposition was correlated with TGF-β, IL-4/IFN-γ, and TNF-α/TGF-β. In conclusion, our results showed the association of MCP-1/IL-12 and CCL5/IL-12 ratios with an absence of clinical signs, as well as an IL-4/IFN-α ratio with adventitial and intertubular collagen depositions in dogs with visceral leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Laurice Araújo Verçosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano de F Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anilton Cesar Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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de Oliveira ICV, Galvão-Moreira LV, Vilela JL, Duarte-Silva M, Aguiar-da-Silva LD, Pereira CAA, Pereira DMS, Pinheiro AJMCR, Lima-Neto LG, Fernandes ES, Cardoso CRB, Branco-de-Almeida LS. Cinnamaldehyde modulates host immunoinflammatory responses in rat ligature-induced periodontitis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell models. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109669. [PMID: 36634418 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a natural product with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties, known to regulate host responses to bacterial stimuli. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, and its impact on the modulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups:i) control: no ligature + vehicle; ii) ligature: ligature + vehicle; and iii) ligature + cinnamaldehyde (50 mg/kg); all treatments by daily oral gavage. After 14 days of induced periodontitis, the hemimandibles were collected for bone loss evaluation. The gingival levels of IL-1β, MMP-9 and iNOS mRNA were evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO) was measured in both rat saliva and plasma. PBMC were stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in the presence or absence of cinnamaldehyde (5, 20 e 40 µM), and cytokine production was quantified in cell supernatant. Proliferating lymphocytes were taken for flow cytometer reading, while culture supernatants were used for IFN-γ and IL-10 assessment. The ligature group had both increased alveolar bone loss and gingival expression of IL-1β, MMP-9 and iNOS compared to the control group. All parameters were attenuated by cinnamaldehyde treatment. Lower salivary but not plasma NO was detected in the cinnamaldehyde compared to the ligature group. Aa-stimulated PBMCs treated with cinnamaldehyde produced less IL-1β; the compound also attenuated lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, as well as cell IL-10 production. Cinnamaldehyde treatment reduced periodontal bone loss, and downregulated key inflammatory mediators and human PBMC responses, pointing to novel potential therapeutic effects of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel C V de Oliveira
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Leonardo V Galvão-Moreira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Vilela
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Murillo Duarte-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas D Aguiar-da-Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Cesar A A Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Domingos M S Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, R. Anapurus, 1 - Renascença II, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Aruanã J M C R Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, R. Anapurus, 1 - Renascença II, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Lídio G Lima-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, R. Anapurus, 1 - Renascença II, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333 - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632 - Água Verde, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristina R B Cardoso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Branco-de-Almeida
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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14
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Clark D, Radaic A, Kapila Y. Cellular Mechanisms of Inflammaging and Periodontal Disease. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:844865. [PMID: 36540609 PMCID: PMC9762858 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.844865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased age is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions. The term inflammaging has been used to describe the age-related changes to the immune response that results in a chronic and elevated inflammatory state that contributes, in part, to the increased prevalence of disease in older adults. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the periodontium and increases in prevalence with age. To better understand the mechanisms that drive inflammaging, a broad body of research has focused on the pathological age-related changes to key cellular regulators of the immune response. This review will focus on our current understanding of how certain immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, T cells) change with age and how such changes contribute to inflammaging and more specifically to periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clark
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Allan Radaic
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
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15
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Jiang Q, Huang X, Yu W, Huang R, Zhao X, Chen C. mTOR Signaling in the Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Periodontal Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827461. [PMID: 35222410 PMCID: PMC8866697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease results from the inflammatory infiltration by the microbial community which is marked through tooth mobility and alveolar bone resorption. The inflammation in periodontal disease is mediated by CD4+ T cells through cytokine secretion and osteoclastogenetic activity. Historically, the inflammatory model in periodontal disease is described through disruption of the balance between two subsets of T helper cells which are T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). However, more and more studies have found that apart from subsets of helper T cells, regulatory T-cells and Th17 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Growing evidence proves that helper T cells differentiation, activation, and subset determination are under the strong impact of mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling could promote Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and inhibit Treg commitment through different mTOR complexes, therefore we anticipate a regulation effect of mTOR signaling on periodontal diseases by regulating CD4+ T cell subsets. This review aims to integrate the topical researches about the role of different types of Th cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as well as the regulation of mTOR signaling in the specification and selection of Th cell commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ranran Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Ma W, Jin W, He X, Sun Y, Yin H, Wang Z, Shi S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induced Osteoblast Dysregulation Involved in Bone Destruction in Spinal Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:780272. [PMID: 35463641 PMCID: PMC9019588 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.780272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of bone homeostasis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a key clinical manifestation in spinal tuberculosis (TB). However, the complete mechanism of this process has not been established, and an effective treatment target does not exist. Increasing evidence shows that abnormal osteoclastogenesis triggered by an imbalance of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis may play a key role in the disturbance of bone homeostasis. Previous studies reported that RANKL is strongly activated in patients with spinal TB; however, the OPG levels in these patients were not investigated in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the OPG levels in patients with spinal TB and the dysregulation of osteoblasts caused by Mtb infection. Inhibition of the Mce4a gene of Mtb by an antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer (Mce4a-ASO) was also investigated. Analysis of the serum OPG levels in clinical samples showed that the OPG levels were significantly decreased in patients with spinal TB compared to those in the group of non-TB patients. The internalization of Mtb in osteoblasts, the known major source of OPG, was investigated using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Mycobacterium strain H37Ra (H37RaGFP). The cell-associated fluorescence measurements showed that Mtb can efficiently enter osteoblast cells. In addition, Mtb infection caused a dose-dependent increase of the CD40 mRNA expression and cytokine (interleukin 6, IL-6) secretion in osteoblast cells. Ligation of CD40 by soluble CD154 reversed the increased secretion of IL-6. This means that the induced CD40 is functional. Considering that the interaction between CD154-expressing T lymphocytes and bone-forming osteoblast cells plays a pivotal role in bone homeostasis, the CD40 molecule might be a strong candidate for mediating the target for treatment of bone destruction in spinal TB. Additionally, we also found that Mce4a-ASO could dose-dependently inhibit the Mce4a gene of Mtb and reverse the decreased secretion of IL-6 and the impaired secretion of OPG caused by Mtb infection of osteoblast cells. Taken together, the current finding provides breakthrough ideas for the development of therapeutic agents for spinal TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng, China
| | - Huquan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Inteliex Biotechnology Corp, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Zili Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital Affiliated to Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Wang, ; Shiyuan Shi,
| | - Shiyuan Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Chest Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University Medical College, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Wang, ; Shiyuan Shi,
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17
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting >40% of adults in the United States. Globally, the severe form of the disease has a prevalence of 11%. In advanced cases, periodontitis leads to tooth loss and reduced quality of life. The aetiology of periodontitis is multifactorial. Subgingival dental biofilm elicits a host inflammatory and immune response, ultimately leading to irreversible destruction of the periodontium (i.e. alveolar bone and periodontal ligament) in a susceptible host. In order to successfully manage periodontitis, dental professionals must understand the pathogenesis, primary aetiology, risk factors, contributing factors and treatment protocols. Careful diagnosis, elimination of the causes and reduction of modifiable risk factors are paramount for successful prevention and treatment of periodontitis. Initial non-surgical periodontal therapy primarily consists of home care review and scaling and root planing. For residual sites with active periodontitis at periodontal re-evaluation, a contemporary regenerative or traditional resective surgical therapy can be utilised. Thereafter, periodontal maintenance therapy at a regular interval and long-term follow-ups are also crucial to the success of the treatment and long-term retention of teeth. The aim of this review is to provide current concepts of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontitis. Both clinical and biological rationales will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ira B Lamster
- Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Liran Levin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Clark D, Kotronia E, Ramsay SE. Frailty, aging, and periodontal disease: Basic biologic considerations. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:143-156. [PMID: 34463998 PMCID: PMC8771712 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the development of disease. Periodontal disease is one of the many diseases and conditions that increase in prevalence with age. In addition to the traditional focus on individual age-related conditions, there is now a greater recognition that multisystem conditions such as frailty play an important role in the health of older populations. Frailty is a clinical condition in older adults that increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. Both frailty and periodontal disease are common chronic conditions in older populations and share several risk factors. There is likely a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and frailty. Comorbid systemic diseases, poor physical functioning, and limited ability to self-care in frail older people have been implicated as underlying the association between frailty and periodontal disease. In addition, both frailty and periodontal disease also have strong associations with inflammatory dysregulation and other age-related pathophysiologic changes that may similarly underlie their development and progression. Investigating age-related changes in immune cells that regulate inflammation may lead to a better understanding of age-related disease and could lead to therapeutic targets for the improved management of frailty and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clark
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eftychia Kotronia
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sheena E Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Chen MH, Wang YH, Sun BJ, Yu LM, Chen QQ, Han XX, Liu YH. HIF-1α activator DMOG inhibits alveolar bone resorption in murine periodontitis by regulating macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107901. [PMID: 34273637 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is initiated by serious and sustained bacterial infection and ultimately results in chronic immune-mediated inflammation, tissue destruction, and bone loss. The pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. Host immunological responses to periodontal bacteria ultimately determine the severity and mechanisms governing periodontitis progression. This study aimed to clarify the effect of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activator dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) on a mouse periodontitis model and its underlying role in macrophage polarization. qRT-PCR analysis showed that DMOG inhibited the M1-like polarization of both RAW264.7 macrophages and murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and downregulated TNF-α, IL-6, CD86, and MCP-1 expression in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry also confirmed the less percentage of F4/80 + CD86 + cells after DMOG treatment. The phosphorylation of NF-κB pathway was also inhibited by DMOG with higher level of HIF-1α expression. Furthermore, mice treated with DMOG showed decreased alveolar bone resorption in the experimental periodontitis model, with significant increases in alveolar bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD). DMOG treatment of mice decreased the ratio of M1/M2 (CD86+/CD206+) macrophages in periodontal tissues, resulting in the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 and increased levels of anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-4 and IL-10. DMOG treatment promoted the number of HIF-1α-positive cells in periodontal tissues. This study demonstrated the cell-specific roles of DMOG in macrophage polarization in vitro and provided insight into the mechanism underlying the protective effect of DMOG in a model of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Jing Sun
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ming Yu
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Chen
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Xin Han
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Hua Liu
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Kanagasingam S, Chukkapalli SS, Welbury R, Singhrao SK. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Strong Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:501-511. [PMID: 33532698 PMCID: PMC7835991 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the several important bacterial pathogens associated with the sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Different serotypes are either capsulated or are non-capsulated. It has been demonstrated that P. gingivalis (non-capsulated) can reproduce the neurodegenerative AD-like changes in vitro, and a capsular P. gingivalis (strain W83) could reproduce the cardinal hallmark lesions of AD in a wild-type mouse model. All P. gingivalis forms express proteolytically active proteases that enable cleavage of the amyloid-β protin precursor (AβPP) and tau resulting in the formation of amyloid-β and neurofibrillary tangles. Tau is an established substrate for gingipains, which can cleave tau into various peptides. Some of the P. gingivalis fragmented tau protein peptides contain “VQIINK” and “VQIVYK” hexapeptide motifs which map to the flanking regions of the microtubule binding domains and are also found in paired helical filaments that form NFTs. P. gingivalis can induce peripheral inflammation in periodontitis and can also initiate signaling pathways that activate kinases, which in turn, phosphorylate neuronal tau. Periodontal disease related inflammation has metabolic implications for an individual’s peripheral and brain health as patients suffering from generalized periodontitis often have related co-morbidities and are “at risk” of developing AD. The aim here is to discuss the role of P. gingivalis behind such associations with the backdrop of huge efforts to test P. gingivalis virulence factors clinically (GAIN Trial: Phase 2/3 Study of COR388 in Subjects with AD) with inhibitors, which may lead to an intervention by reducing the pathogenic bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Kanagasingam
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard Welbury
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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21
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Fokam J, Geh BKN, Sosso SM, Takou D, Ngufack ES, Nka AD, Bissek ACZK, Eko DM, Ndjolo A. Determinants of periodontitis according to the immunological and virological profiles of HIV-infected patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:359. [PMID: 33308188 PMCID: PMC7733271 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV infection is associated to different oral manifestations (including periodontal diseases), which have decreased with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Yet, the occurrence of periodontitis is still consistent among patients with HIV living in sub Saharan-Africa, with limited evidence on the driven factors and mitigating measures in these settings. We aimed at evaluating the occurrence of periodontitis and its associated immunological and virological factors in patients with HIV living in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Methods We included 165 (44 ART-naïve and 121 ART-experienced) patients > 18 years old attending the Yaoundé Central Hospital and the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre, from January-April 2018. The periodontal status was assessed by measuring the clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth, plaques index and gingival bleeding index. CD4+/CD8+ cells and viremia were measured using the fluorescence-activated cell sorting method (FACS Calibur) and the Abbott m2000 RT HIV-1 RNA kit respectively. A standard-questionnaire concerning participants’ medical records and oral hygiene methods was filled. Data was analyzed and p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results There was a significantly high prevalence of periodontitis in the ART-naïve (53.2%) compared to the ART-experienced group (37.3%), with a twofold increased risk of the ART-naïve population presenting with periodontitis than the ART-experienced population (OR 2.06, p = 0.03). More importantly, ART-naïve, patients with CD4 < 200 cells presented with higher risk of having periodontitis compared to those with higher CD4-values, with a threefold difference (OR 3.21). Worth noting, males presented with a higher risk of having clinical attachment loss (OR 6.07). There was no significant association between the occurrence of periodontitis and the CD8 (p = 0.45) or viremia (p = 0.10). Conclusion In the Cameroonian context, a considerable number of adults infected with HIV suffer from periodontitis regardless of their treatment profile. Nonetheless, ART-naïve patients have a higher risk, indicating the protective role of ART. Interestingly, severely immune-compromised patients and men are vulnerable to periodontitis, thereby highlighting the need for clinicians to refer patients for regular periodontal screening especially male patients and those with low CD4. Such measures could greatly improve the quality of life of the population living with HIV in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,National HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance and Prevention Working Group (HIVDR-WG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Buolikeze Kuoh Nji Geh
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Desire Takou
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ezechiel Semengue Ngufack
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Anne-Cecile Z-K Bissek
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Division of Health Operational Research, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - David Mindja Eko
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Melen Road, PO Box 3077, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Huang H, Chen D, Lippuner K, Hunziker EB. Induced Experimental Periimplantitis and Periodontitis: What are the Differences in the Inflammatory Response ? J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 47:359-369. [PMID: 33259586 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This preliminary study investigates the differences between experimental periodontitis and periimplantitis in a dog model, with a focus on the histopathology, the inflammatory responses and specific immunoregulatory activities, driven by Th1/Th2 positive cells. Twelve dental implants were inserted into the edentulated posterior mandibles of six Beagle dogs and were given twelve weeks time for osseointegration. Experimental periimplantitis and periodontitis (first mandible molar) was then induced using cotton-floss ligatures. Twelve weeks later, alveolar bones were quantitated by cone beam-computer tomography. Histopathological analysis of the inflamed gingiva and of the periodontal tissues was performed by light microscopy, and the Th1/ Th2 cell populations were investigated by flow cytometry. Periimplantitis as well as periodontitis were both found to be associated with pronounced bone resorption effects, both to a similar degree vertically, but with a differential bone resorption pattern mesio-distally, and with a significantly higher and consistent bone resorption result in periimplantitis; however, with a higher variance of bone resorption in periodontitis. The histological appearances of the inflammatory tissues were identical. The percentages of Th1/ Th2 cells in the inflamed gingival tissues of both experimental periimplantitis and periodontitis were also found to be similar. Experimental periodontitis and periimplantitis in the dog model show essentially the same cellular pathology of inflammation. However, bone resorption was found to be significantly higher in periimplantitis; the histopathological changes in the periodontal tissues were similar in both groups, but showed a higher inter-individual variation in periodontitis, and appeared more uniform in periimplantitis. This preliminary study indicates that more focused experimental in-vivo inflammation models need to be developed to better simulate the human pathology in the two different diseases, and in order to have a valuable tool to investigate more specifically how novel treatments/prevention approaches may heal the differential adverse effects on bone tissue and on periodontium in periodontitis and in periimplantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, Nord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Basic Science of Stomatology, Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kurt Lippuner
- Department of Osteoporosis, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Bruno Hunziker
- Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern Research Head Osteoporosis and Othopaedic Research Freiburgstrasse 3 SWITZERLAND Bern Bern 3010 +41860794446551 +41794446551 Departments of Osteoporosis and Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Naruse T, Ohta K, Kato H, Ishida Y, Shigeishi H, Sakuma M, Fukui A, Nakagawa T, Tobiume K, Nishi H, Takechi M. Immune response to cytosolic DNA via intercellular receptor modulation in oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Oral Dis 2020; 28:150-163. [PMID: 33200485 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Double-strand (ds) DNA-enveloped viruses can cause oral infection. Our aim is to investigate whether oral mucosal cells participate in immune response against cytosolic dsDNA invasion. METHODS We examined the response to transfected herpes simplex virus (HSV) dsDNA via intracellular receptors in oral keratinocytes (RT7) and fibroblasts (GT1), and the effect of TNF-α on those responses. RESULTS Transfected dsDNA increased CXCL10 expression via NF-κB activation in both cell types, while those responses were inhibited by knockdown of RIG-I, an RNA sensor. Although IFI16, a DNA sensor, was expressed in the nuclei of both types, its knockdown decreased transfected dsDNA-induced CXCL10 expression in GT1 but not RT7 cells. IFI16 in GT1 cells was translocated into cytoplasm from nuclei, which was attributed to immune response to cytosolic dsDNA. TNF-α enhanced transfected dsDNA-induced CXCL10, and knockdown of IFI16 decreased TNF-α and dsDNA-driven CXCL10 expression in both RT7 and GT1 cells. Finally, the combination of TNF-α and transfected dsDNA resulted in translocation of IFI16 from nuclei to cytoplasm in RT7 cells. CONCLUSION RIG-I and IFI16 in oral mucosal cells may play important roles in host immune response against DNA viral infection, while TNF-α contributes to development of an antiviral system via those intracellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Naruse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Fukui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Tobiume
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishi
- Department General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Rezende TMB, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP, Vieira LQ, Sousa MGDC, Kawai T. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation through calcium and aluminum activities. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1805-1814. [PMID: 32789653 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect(s) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on in vitro RANKL-mediated osteoclast-dependent bone resorption events and the influence of Ca2+ and Al3+ on the osteoclastogenesis inhibition by MTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two types of osteoclast precursors, RAW 264.7 (RAW) cell line or bone marrow cells (obtained from BALB/c mice and stimulated with recombinant (r) macrophage colony stimulation factor (M-CSF), were stimulated with or without recombinant (r) activator of nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL), in the presence or absence of MTA for 6 to 8 days. White Angelus MTA and Bios MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil) were prepared and inserted into capillary tubes (direct contact surface = 0.50 mm2 and 0.01 mm2). Influence of MTA on these types of osteoclast precursors was measured by the number of differentiated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells (RAW and bone marrow cells), TRAP enzyme activity (RAW cells), cathepsin K gene expression (RAW cells), and resorptive pit formation (RAW cells) by mature osteoclasts. Besides, RAW cells were also stimulated with Ca2+ and Al3+ to evaluate the influence of these ions on MTA anti-osteoclastogenic potential. RESULTS In bone marrow and RAW cells, the number of TRAP-positive mature osteoclast cells induced by rRANKL was significantly inhibited by the presence of MTA compared with control rRANKL stimulation without MTA (p < 0.05), along with the reduction of TRAP enzyme activity (p < 0.05) and the low expression of cathepsin K gene (p < 0.05). In contrast, to control mature osteoclasts, the resorption area on dentin was significantly decreased for mature osteoclasts incubated with MTA (p < 0.05). rRANKL-stimulated RAW cells treated with Ca2+ and Al3+ decreased the number of osteoclasts cells. Besides, the aluminum oxide was the dominant suppressor of the osteoclastogenesis process. CONCLUSIONS MTA significantly suppressed RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity and, therefore, appears able to suppress bone resorption events in periapical lesions. This process might be related to Ca2+ and Al3+ activities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MTA is an important worldwidely acknowleged biomaterial. The knowledge about its molecular activities on osteoclasts might contribute to improving the understanding of its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. .,Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Cell Therapy Institute, Center for Collaborative Research, NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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25
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Razmara F, Khayamzadeh M, Shabankare G. Applying dental implant therapy in patients with oral lichen planus: a review of literature. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:21. [PMID: 32458407 PMCID: PMC7250998 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a violent, paranormal inflammatory disease that can affect the skin or any lining of the mucous membrane. LPs are a branch of immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) that collaborates with the function and structure of the immune system that are precipitated through various etiological infectious agents. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common kinds of IMID. These traumas might limit the normal life of patients and, in some cases, can be treated spontaneously. In patients who are affected by OLP, the dental clinicians must be capable of the proper diagnosis of the disorder. Dental implants are progressively applied for the treatment of partial or complete edentulism. Implant rehabilitation in OLP patients is one of the main challenges for patients and dental clinicians. There is not enough knowledge about this condition, and also medical documents are limited. In this study, by conducting a comprehensive review of literature, we tried to collect related data around the safety and success rate of implant rehabilitation in patients who suffer from OLP disorder. There proved to be no relation between implant survival rate and OLP diseases, but it is proven that some factors such as bone quality and fracture resistance, parafunctional habits, and resection of the marginal mandible could powerfully affect it. For evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of applying implants in patients with OLP disorders, implementation of controlled studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Razmara
- Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khayamzadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Shabankare
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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26
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27
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Gu Y, Han X. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Immune Regulatory Lymphocytes in Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093329. [PMID: 32397173 PMCID: PMC7247565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is known to be initiated by periodontal microbiota derived from biofilm formation. The microbial dysbiotic changes in the biofilm trigger the host immune and inflammatory responses that can be both beneficial for the protection of the host from infection, and detrimental to the host, causing tissue destruction. During this process, recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) by the host Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the host–microbe interaction and the subsequent innate as well as adaptive responses. If persistent, the adverse interaction triggered by the host immune response to the microorganisms associated with periodontal biofilms is a direct cause of periodontal inflammation and bone loss. A large number of T and B lymphocytes are infiltrated in the diseased gingival tissues, which can secrete inflammatory mediators and activate the osteolytic pathways, promoting periodontal inflammation and bone resorption. On the other hand, there is evidence showing that immune regulatory T and B cells are present in the diseased tissue and can be induced for the enhancement of their anti-inflammatory effects. Changes and distribution of the T/B lymphocytes phenotype seem to be a key determinant of the periodontal disease outcome, as the functional activities of these cells not only shape up the overall immune response pattern, but may directly regulate the osteoimmunological balance. Therefore, interventional strategies targeting TLR signaling and immune regulatory T/B cells may be a promising approach to rebalance the immune response and alleviate bone loss in periodontal disease. In this review, we will examine the etiological role of TLR signaling and immune cell osteoclastogenic activity in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. More importantly, the protective effects of immune regulatory lymphocytes, particularly the activation and functional role of IL-10 expressing regulatory B cells, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Gu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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28
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Çalışır M, Akpınar A, Poyraz Ö, Göze F, Çınar Z. Humic Acid, a Polyphenolic Substance, Decreases Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Vet Dent 2020; 36:257-265. [PMID: 32207389 DOI: 10.1177/0898756420910531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biochemical, morphometric, and histopathological changes associated with experimental periodontitis in rats in response to local administration of humic acid. Thirty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 5 experimental groups: nonligated (NL) group, ligature-only (LO) group, and ligature + local administration of humic acid (20, 80, and 150 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 days, respectively; L-20, L-80, and L-150 groups). Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured as the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest with a stereomicroscope. Tissues were histopathologically examined to assess the osteoclast numbers, osteoblastic activity, and inflammatory cell infiltration among the study groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay interleukin1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 levels in serum and gingival homogenates were evaluated. At the end of 15 days, the alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the LO group compared to the NL, L-20, and L-150 groups (P < .05). The osteoclast number in the LO group was significantly higher than the NL, L-20, and L-150 groups (P < .05). Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly higher in the LO and L-80 groups than the other groups (P < .05). The highest serum and gingival homogenate IL-10 levels were determined in the NL group (P < .05). The serum and gingival homogenate IL-1β levels in LO group were significantly higher than the NL, L-20, and L-150 groups (P < .05). Within the limits of this study, it can be suggested that humic acid, when administered locally at 20 and 80 mg/kg doses, may prevent alveolar bone loss in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Çalışır
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Aysun Akpınar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ömer Poyraz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Göze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ziynet Çınar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Ogawa S, Kitaura H, Kishikawa A, Qi J, Shen WR, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Ochi Y, Mizoguchi I. TNF-α is responsible for the contribution of stromal cells to osteoclast and odontoclast formation during orthodontic tooth movement. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223989. [PMID: 31618254 PMCID: PMC6795494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compressive force during orthodontic tooth movement induces osteoclast formation in vivo. TNF-α plays an important role in mouse osteoclast formation and bone resorption induced by compressive force during orthodontic tooth movement. Stromal cells, macrophages and T cells take part in TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation in vitro. Root resorption caused by odontoclasts is a major clinical problem during orthodontic tooth movement. In this study, we determined the cell type targeted by TNF-α during compressive-force-induced osteoclast and odontoclast formation to elucidate the mechanism of bone and root resorption in vivo. An orthodontic tooth movement mouse model was prepared with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring inserted between the maxillary incisors and the first molar. Using TNF receptor 1- and 2-deficient (KO) mice, we found that osteoclast and odontoclast formation was mediated by TNF-α in orthodontic tooth movement. We generated four types of chimeric mice: wild-type (WT) bone marrow cells transplanted into lethally irradiated WT mice (WT>WT), KO bone marrow cells transplanted into lethally irradiated WT mice (KO>WT), WT bone marrow cells transplanted into lethally irradiated KO mice (WT>KO), and KO marrow cells transplanted into lethally irradiated KO mice (KO>KO). Using anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies, T cells were eliminated from these mice. We subjected these chimeric mice to orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement was evaluated and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells along the alveolar bone (osteoclasts) and along the tooth root (odontoclasts) were counted after 12 days of tooth movement. The amount of orthodontic tooth movement, and the number of osteoclasts and odontoclasts on the compression side were significantly lower in WT>KO and KO>KO mice than in WT>WT and KO>WT mice. According to these results, we concluded that TNF-α-responsive stromal cells are important for osteoclast and odontoclast formation during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiawei Qi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wei-Ren Shen
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ochi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Estrogen signaling impacts temporomandibular joint and periodontal disease pathology. Odontology 2019; 108:153-165. [PMID: 31270648 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Women experience a higher incidence of oral diseases including periodontal diseases and temporomandibular joint disease (TMD) implicating the role of estrogen signaling in disease pathology. Fluctuating levels of estrogen during childbearing age potentiates facial pain, high estrogen levels during pregnancy promote gingivitis, and low levels of estrogen during menopause predisposes the TMJ to degeneration and increases alveolar bone loss. In this review, an overview of estrogen signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo that regulate pregnancy-related gingivitis, TMJ homeostasis, and alveolar bone remodeling is provided. Deciphering the specific estrogen signaling pathways for individual oral diseases is crucial for potential new drug therapies to promote and maintain healthy tissue.
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31
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Madel MB, Ibáñez L, Wakkach A, de Vries TJ, Teti A, Apparailly F, Blin-Wakkach C. Immune Function and Diversity of Osteoclasts in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1408. [PMID: 31275328 PMCID: PMC6594198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCLs) are key players in controlling bone remodeling. Modifications in their differentiation or bone resorbing activity are associated with a number of pathologies ranging from osteopetrosis to osteoporosis, chronic inflammation and cancer, that are all characterized by immunological alterations. Therefore, the 2000s were marked by the emergence of osteoimmunology and by a growing number of studies focused on the control of OCL differentiation and function by the immune system. At the same time, it was discovered that OCLs are much more than bone resorbing cells. As monocytic lineage-derived cells, they belong to a family of cells that displays a wide heterogeneity and plasticity and that is involved in phagocytosis and innate immune responses. However, while OCLs have been extensively studied for their bone resorption capacity, their implication as immune cells was neglected for a long time. In recent years, new evidence pointed out that OCLs play important roles in the modulation of immune responses toward immune suppression or inflammation. They unlocked their capacity to modulate T cell activation, to efficiently process and present antigens as well as their ability to activate T cell responses in an antigen-dependent manner. Moreover, similar to other monocytic lineage cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, OCLs display a phenotypic and functional plasticity participating to their anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effect depending on their cell origin and environment. This review will address this novel vision of the OCL, not only as a phagocyte specialized in bone resorption, but also as innate immune cell participating in the control of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Bernadette Madel
- CNRS, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, UMR7370, Nice, France.,Faculé de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lidia Ibáñez
- Department of Pharmacy, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, València, Spain
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, UMR7370, Nice, France.,Faculé de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Univeristeit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, UMR7370, Nice, France.,Faculé de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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32
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Koshy B, Rees JS, Farnell DD, Wei XQ, Waddington RJ. Array analysis for T-cell associated cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid: Identifying altered profiles associated with periodontal disease status. J Dent 2019; 85:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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33
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T helper 1 and 2 stimuli induce distinct phenotypes in gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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34
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Geskovski N, Sazdovska SD, Gjosheva S, Petkovska R, Popovska M, Anastasova L, Mladenovska K, Goracinova K. Rational development of nanomedicines for molecular targeting in periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Lee DJ, Wu L, Shimono M, Piao Z, Green DW, Lee JM, Jung HS. Differential Mechanism of Periodontitis Progression in Postmenopause. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 30246792 PMCID: PMC6113945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past four decades, it has become accepted that periodontal disease is caused by specific bacterial infections and that individuals are uniformly susceptible neither to these infections nor to the damage caused by them. The specific bacterial infections and the composition of the environment in which these bacteria easily settle cause an immune response. The immune cells involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis migrate into the periodontitis lesion and advance the disease. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlation between immune cell migration and progression of periodontal disease by inducing estrogen deficiency through ovariectomy (OVX) to mimic postmenopausal women and treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis and absorption of the alveolar bone dose-dependently. However, the alveolar crest level reduction after LPS injection between OVX and Sham operated mice did not show a significant difference. Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), which is known to be able to detect the progression of periodontitis in general, was not significantly different between OVX and Sham groups. However, immune cells such as T-lymphocytes and neutrophils migrated less overall in OVX groups than Sham operated groups. These findings can be a topic of debate on the old controversy regarding the relationship between periodontal disease and hormonal change. Currently, in clinical practice, menopause is not a major consideration in the treatment of periodontal disease. This study suggests that treatment methods and medication should be considered in the treatment of infectious periodontal disease in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lei Wu
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masaki Shimono
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zhengguo Piao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David W Green
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Applied Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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36
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MicroRNAs and immunity in periodontal health and disease. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:24. [PMID: 30078842 PMCID: PMC6080405 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of the host immune and inflammatory response against bacterial pathogens. In the present review, we discuss target genes, target gene functions, the potential regulatory role of miRNAs in periodontal tissues, and the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics. In periodontal disease, miRNAs exert control over all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including the functions of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and T and B cells. Previous human studies have highlighted some key miRNAs that are dysregulated in periodontitis patients. In the present study, we mapped the major miRNAs that were altered in our reproducible periodontitis mouse model relative to control animals. The miRNAs that were upregulated as a result of periodontal disease in both human and mouse studies included miR-15a, miR-29b, miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-148/148a and miR-223, whereas miR-92 was downregulated. The association of individual miRNAs with unique aspects of periodontal disease and their stability in gingival crevicular fluid underscores their potential as markers for periodontal disease progression or healthy restitution. Moreover, miRNA therapeutics hold great promise for the future of periodontal therapy because of their ability to modulate the immune response to infection when applied in conjunction with synthetic antagomirs and/or relatively straightforward delivery strategies.
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Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Matsuo T. Honokiol and Magnolol Inhibit CXCL10 and CXCL11 Production in IL-27-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2018; 41:2110-2115. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Zheng J, Chen S, Albiero M, Vieira G, Wang J, Feng J, Graves D. Diabetes Activates Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts via NF-κB In Vivo. J Dent Res 2018; 97:580-588. [PMID: 29439598 PMCID: PMC5958371 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518755697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases periodontitis and pathogenicity of the oral microbiome. To further understand mechanisms through which diabetes affects periodontitis, we examined its impact on periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. Periodontitis was induced by inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. Diabetes, induced by multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin increased osteoclast numbers and recruitment of neutrophils to the periodontal ligament, which could be accounted for by increased CXC motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression by these cells. Diabetes also stimulated a significant increase in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression and activation in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Surprisingly, we found that PDL fibroblasts express a 2.3-kb regulatory unit of Col1α1 (collagen type 1, alpha 1) promoter typical of osteoblasts. Diabetes-enhanced CXCL2 and RANKL expression in PDL fibroblasts was rescued in transgenic mice with lineage-specific NF-κB inhibition controlled by this regulatory element. In vitro, high glucose increased NF-κB transcriptional activity, NF-κB nuclear localization, and RANKL expression in PDL fibroblasts, which was reduced by NF-κB inhibition. Thus, diabetes induces changes in PDL fibroblast gene expression that can enhance neutrophil recruitment and bone resorption, which may be explained by high glucose-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, PDL fibroblasts express a regulatory element in vivo that is typical of committed osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of
Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S. Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School of
Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing
Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - M.L. Albiero
- Department of Prosthodontics and
Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba,
Brazil
| | - G.H.A. Vieira
- Department of Oral Surgery and
Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo,
Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of
Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J.Q. Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D.T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of
Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang Z, Tan J, Lei L, Sun W, Wu Y, Ding P, Chen L. The positive effects of secreting cytokines IL-17 and IFN-γ on the early-stage differentiation and negative effects on the calcification of primary osteoblasts in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:1-10. [PMID: 29438885 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are all pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by specific subsets of T-cells and are also considered crucial regulators in bone remodeling, but their effects on osteogenesis have not been carefully studied. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of secreting cytokines IL-17 and IFN-γ on the osteogenesis of primary osteoblasts and to clarify the potential roles of the related Janus activated kinase 2 (JAK2) and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in bone remodeling. METHODS The proliferation of osteoblasts was evaluated by MTT assay. Osteogenic activity was tested by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red staining. The mRNA levels of ALP, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were also measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The JAK2-STAT3 pathway was evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS Osteoblasts showed no obvious proliferation when treated with IL-17 and/or IFN-γ, but higher ALP activities were observed in primary osteoblasts treated with IL-17 or IL-17 + IFN-γ in induction medium. We also found that IL-17 could promote the gene expression of Alp, Runx2, Osteocalcin, Opg, and Rankl, while IFN-γ might attenuate this effect. Nevertheless, IL-17 and IFN-γ exhibited an inhibitory effect on the calcification of primary osteoblasts. We also found that IL-17 could directly facilitate RANKL expressions by JAK2-STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSION The positive effects of IL-17 and IFN-γ on the early-stage differentiation and the negative effects on the calcification of murine calvarial osteoblasts contribute to our understanding of the role and interaction of inflammatory factors in the bone remodeling and as fundamental mechanisms involved in the destruction of alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiu Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Tan
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Lei
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilian Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihui Ding
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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40
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Ebersole JL, Graves CL, Gonzalez OA, Dawson D, Morford LA, Huja PE, Hartsfield JK, Huja SS, Pandruvada S, Wallet SM. Aging, inflammation, immunity and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:54-75. [PMID: 27501491 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease have long been associated with aging, such that this oral condition affects the majority of the adult population over 50 years of age. Although the immune system is a critical component for maintaining health, aging can be characterized by quantitative and qualitative modifications of the immune system. This process, termed 'immunosenescence', is a progressive modification of the immune system that leads to greater susceptibility to infections, neoplasia and autoimmunity, presumably reflecting the prolonged antigenic stimulation and/or stress responses that occur across the lifespan. Interestingly, the global reduction in the host capability to respond effectively to these challenges is coupled with a progressive increase in the general proinflammatory status, termed 'inflammaging'. Consistent with the definition of immunosenescence, it has been suggested that the cumulative effect of prolonged exposure of the periodontium to microbial challenge is, at least in part, a contributor to the effects of aging on these tissues. Thus, it has also been hypothesized that alterations in the function of resident immune and nonimmune cells of the periodontium contribute to the expression of inflammaging in periodontal disease. Although the majority of aging research has focused on the adaptive immune response, it is becoming increasingly clear that the innate immune compartment is also highly affected by aging. Thus, the phenomenon of immunosenescence and inflammaging, expressed as age-associated changes within the periodontium, needs to be more fully understood in this era of precision and personalized medicine and dentistry.
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41
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Zhang Y, He X, Ding M, He W, Li J, Li J, Tan H. Antibacterial and Biocompatible Cross-Linked Waterborne Polyurethanes Containing Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:279-287. [PMID: 29253335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A cross-linked waterborne polyurethane (CPTMGPU) with long-term stability was developed from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), polyoxytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), l-lysine, and its derivative diamine consisting of gemini quaternary ammonium salt (GQAS), using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as a cross-linker. Weight loss test, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were performed to prove the surface structure and stability of these CPTMGPU films. Furthermore, the GQAS-bearing CPTMGPUs show repeatable contact-active antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria and do not show any inhibition effect against fibroblasts in vitro. After subcutaneous implantation in rats, the CPTMGPU films manifest good biocompatibility in vivo, despite the presence of a typical foreign body reaction toward surrounding tissues and mild systematic inflammation reaction that could be eliminated after a short implantation period, as demonstrated by histology and immunohistochemistry combined with interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α analysis though enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Therefore, these cross-linked waterborne polyurethanes hold great promise for antibacterial applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China.,High and New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences , Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueling He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China.,Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610040, China
| | - Mingming Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
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Titanji K. Beyond Antibodies: B Cells and the OPG/RANK-RANKL Pathway in Health, Non-HIV Disease and HIV-Induced Bone Loss. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1851. [PMID: 29312334 PMCID: PMC5743755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection leads to severe B cell dysfunction, which manifests as impaired humoral immune response to infection and vaccinations and is not completely reversed by otherwise effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite its inability to correct HIV-induced B cell dysfunction, ART has led to significantly increased lifespans in people living with HIV/AIDS. This has in turn led to escalating prevalence of non-AIDS complications in aging HIV-infected individuals, including malignancies, cardiovascular disease, bone disease, and other end-organ damage. These complications, typically associated with aging, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and occur significantly earlier in HIV-infected individuals. Understanding the pathophysiology of these comorbidities and delineating clinical management strategies and potential cures is gaining in importance. Bone loss and osteoporosis, which lead to increase in fragility fracture prevalence, have in recent years emerged as important non-AIDS comorbidities in patients with chronic HIV infection. Interestingly, ART exacerbates bone loss, particularly within the first couple of years following initiation. The mechanisms underlying HIV-induced bone loss are multifactorial and complicated by the fact that HIV infection is linked to multiple risk factors for osteoporosis and fracture, but a very interesting role for B cells in HIV-induced bone loss has recently emerged. Although best known for their important antibody-producing capabilities, B cells also produce two cytokines critical for bone metabolism: the key osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its physiological inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG). Dysregulated B cell production of OPG and RANKL was shown to be a major contributor to increased bone loss and fracture risk in animal models and HIV-infected humans. This review will summarize our current knowledge of the role of the OPG/RANK–RANKL pathway in B cells in health and disease, and the contribution of B cells to HIV-induced bone loss. Data from mouse studies indicate that RANKL and OPG may also play a role in B cell function and the implications of these findings for human B cell biology, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting the OPG/RANK–RANKL pathway, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehmia Titanji
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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43
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Oral pathogenesis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:303-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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44
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Li X, Chang B, Wang B, Bu W, Zhao L, Liu J, Meng L, Wang L, Xin Y, Wang D, Tang Q, Zheng C, Sun H. Rapamycin promotes osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8923-8929. [PMID: 28990080 PMCID: PMC5779975 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis, a common oral disease, usually results in irreversible bone resorption. Bone regeneration is a complex process between bone-forming activity of osteoblasts and bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts, and still remains a challenge for physicians clinically. A previous study demonstrated that the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway is involved in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Herein, whether rapamycin could be used to induce osteogenic differentiation of primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and promote new bone formation in vivo were evaluated. The results demonstrated that rapamycin alone was not enough to fully induce osteoblast differentiation in vitro and enhanced bone regeneration in vivo. Interestingly, rapamycin in rapamycin plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BMSCs significantly increased the gene expression levels of Sp7 transcription factor, runt related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen I (Col I), ALP activity, and calcium nodule at different time points in vitro, indicating that osteoblast differentiation occurs by rapamycin when BMSCs are exposed to LPS simultaneously. It was also demonstrated that rapamycin in rapamycin plus LPS-treated rats promoted bone regeneration in vivo. These results suggest that rapamycin may influence osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation after LPS induces an inflammatory environment. Rapamycin may be used to treat periodontitis associated with bone loss in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bei Chang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Banchao Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wenhuan Bu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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45
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Díaz-Zúñiga J, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Rojas L, Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Carvajal P, Vernal R. Increased levels of the T-helper 22-associated cytokine (interleukin-22) and transcription factor (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) in patients with periodontitis are associated with osteoclast resorptive activity and severity of the disease. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:893-902. [PMID: 28393368 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Two new T-helper (Th) phenotypes have been recently described and named Th9 and Th22 lymphocytes; however, their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. This study was aimed to assess whether Th9 and Th22 lymphocytes, through interleukin (IL)-9 and IL-22 production, respectively, are associated with the severity of periodontitis and bone resorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid samples and biopsies were obtained from patients with moderate-to-advanced chronic periodontitis and gingivitis, and healthy controls. The levels for the Th9 and Th22-associated cytokines and master-switch transcription factors Spi-B and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. In addition, the osteoclast activity in response to tissue homogenates from periodontitis and healthy samples was analyzed quantifying the number of TRAP-positive cells and areas of bone resorption pits produced, in the presence or absence of recombinant human IL-22 and anti-IL-22 neutralization antibody. RESULTS Higher levels of IL-22 and AhR were detected in patients with periodontitis compared with gingivitis and healthy individuals. In addition, higher levels of IL-9 and Spi-B were detected in gingivitis patients compared with periodontitis and healthy individuals. In patients with periodontitis, a significant positive correlation was detected between secreted levels of IL-22 and clinical attachment level of the sampled periodontal pockets. When osteoclasts were exposed to tissue homogenates obtained from patients with periodontitis, higher levels of resorptive activity were observed as compared with the same cells exposed to tissue homogenates obtained from healthy individuals, and this increment was dependent on the presence and neutralization of IL-22. CONCLUSION Increased levels of IL-22 produced by Th22 lymphocytes are associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis, in particular, with osteoclast resorptive activity and severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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46
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Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Shindo S, Ozaki K, Matsuo T. IL-29 Enhances CXCL10 Production in TNF-α-stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:615-624. [PMID: 28753407 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1336176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a cytokine belonging to the Type III interferon family. It was recently detected in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients. However, the role of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of IL-29 on C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) production in human oral epithelial cells. We measured CXCL10 production in TR146 cells, which is a human oral epithelial cell line, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used a Western blot analysis to detect IL-29 receptor expression and the phosphorylation levels of signal transduction molecules, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and nuclear factor (NF)- κB p65, in the TR146 cells. The TR146 cells expressed the IL-29 receptor. IL-29 induced CXCL10 production in the TR146 cells. IL-29 significantly enhanced CXCL10 production in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated TR146 cells. The p38 MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB pathways were found to be related to the IL-29-induced enhancement of CXCL10 production in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. IL-29 promotes T helper 1-cell accumulation in periodontal lesions by inducing CXCL10 production in oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- a Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Ikuko Hosokawa
- a Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Satoru Shindo
- a Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- b Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- a Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima , Japan
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47
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Elkaim R, Bugueno-Valdebenito IM, Benkirane-Jessel N, Tenenbaum H. Porphyromonas gingivalis and its LPS differentially regulate the expression of peptidyl arginine deiminases in human chondrocytes. Innate Immun 2017. [PMID: 28633586 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917716266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease initiated by Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg), is considered as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our study aimed to determine the effect of Pg and its LPS on the expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase isotypes (PADs) in human primary chondrocytes (HC). HCs were infected with Pg and activated by its LPS (LPS- Pg). The mRNA expression levels of human PADs (1, 2, 3, 4 and 6) and bacterial enzyme (PADPg) were quantified by RT-qPCR. Cellular extracts served to measure the enzymatic activities of PADs and PADPg and to visualize the profiles of citrullinated proteins/peptides by Western blotting. Our data showed significant inhibitions of mRNA expressions of human PAD-2, PAD-3 and PAD-4 during infection of HC with live Pg. Activation of HC by LPS- Pg increased mRNA expressions of human PAD-2 and PAD-3. The PADPg enzymatic activity was significantly increased in only infected HC. Analysis of citrullinated proteins/peptides profiles revealed the occurrence of low molecular bands only in cellular extracts from HC infected with Pg. Our data showed that Pg and its LPS differentially regulate the expression of PADs in human chondrocytes and that Pg favors the apparition of new citrullinated proteins/peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Elkaim
- 1 INSERM "Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine" laboratory, UMR 1109, Medical Faculty, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,2 University of Strasbourg, Dental Faculty, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- 1 INSERM "Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine" laboratory, UMR 1109, Medical Faculty, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Henri Tenenbaum
- 1 INSERM "Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine" laboratory, UMR 1109, Medical Faculty, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,2 University of Strasbourg, Dental Faculty, Strasbourg, France
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48
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Abstract
Gomisin N, which is a lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis, has some pharmacological effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of gomisin N on periodontal disease are uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of gomisin N on inflammatory mediator production in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Gomisin N inhibited interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, and CCL20 production in TNF-α-stimulated HPDLC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we revealed that gomisin N could suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in TNF-α-stimulated HPDLC though protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation was not suppressed by gomisin N treatment. In summary, gomisin N might exert anti-inflammatory effects by attenuating cytokine production in periodontal ligament cells via inhibiting the TNF-α-stimulated ERK and JNK pathways activation.
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49
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 PMCID: PMC5339276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to “inflammaging” that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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50
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241doi|] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to "inflammaging" that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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