1
|
Namsoy E, Sadikoglu IS, Ozverel CS, Erdag E. Computational analysis of 3D printing: Selecting the better among newly released materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12987. [PMID: 38616404 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Resin-based three-dimensional (3D) printing finds extensive application in the field of dentistry. Although studies of cytotoxicity, mechanical and physical properties have been conducted for newly released 3D printing resins such as Crowntec (Saremco), Temporary Crown Resin (Formlabs) and Crown & Bridge (Nextdent), the resistance of these materials to esterases in saliva has not been demonstrated at the molecular level. Therefore, in this study, the binding affinities and stability of these new 3D printing resins to the catalytic sites of esterases were investigated using molecular docking and molecular mechanics with Poisson-Bolzmann and surface area solvation (MM/PBSA) methods after active pocket screening. Toxicity predictions of the materials were also performed using ProTox-II and Toxtree servers. The materials were analyzed for mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and LD50 values were predicted from their molecular structures. The results indicated that out of the three novel 3D printing materials, Nexdent exhibited reduced binding affinity to esterases, indicating enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation and possessing a superior toxicity profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ege Namsoy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ismail Serhat Sadikoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Cenk Serhan Ozverel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Emine Erdag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajkumar DS, Padmanaban R. Impact of bisphenol A and analogues eluted from resin-based dental materials on cellular and molecular processes: An insight on underlying toxicity mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38711185 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dental resin systems, used for artificial replacement of teeth and their surrounding structures, have gained popularity due to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommendation to reduce dental amalgam use in high-risk populations and medical circumstances. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an essential monomer within dental resin in the form of various analogues and derivatives. Leaching of monomers from resins results in toxicity, affecting hormone metabolism and causing long-term health risks. Understanding cellular-level toxicity profiles of bisphenol derivatives is crucial for conducting toxicity studies in in vivo models. This review provides insights into the unique expression patterns of BPA and its analogues among different cell types and their underlying toxicity mechanisms. Lack of a consistent cell line for toxic effects necessitates exploring various cell lines. Among the individual monomers, BisGMA was found to be the most toxic; however, BisDMA and BADGE generates BPA endogenously and found to elicit severe adverse reactions. In correlating in vitro data with in vivo findings, further research is necessary to classify the elutes as human carcinogens or xenoestrogens. Though the basic mechanisms underlying toxicity were believed to be the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a corresponding decline in glutathione levels, several underlying mechanisms were identified to stimulate cellular responses at low concentrations. The review calls for further research to assess the synergistic interactions of co-monomers and other components in dental resins. The review emphasizes the clinical relevance of these findings, highlighting the necessity for safer dental materials and underscoring the potential health risks associated with current dental resin systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Durán Ojeda G, Bresser RA, Wendler M, Gresnigt MMM. Ceramic partial laminate veneers in anterior teeth: A literature review. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:246-254. [PMID: 37648480 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY SELECTION Partial laminate veneers, defined as small ceramic restorations adhesively luted onto unprepared anterior teeth, are an interesting and conservative alternative to conventional ceramic and composite resin veneers in the anterior region. This literature review aimed to summarize the available laboratory and clinical data on ceramic partial laminate veneers. An electronic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases was conducted. The keywords used were "partial veneer," "partial laminate veneer," "ceramic fragment," and "sectional veneer." The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the QUIN tool. RESULTS Of the 266 identified articles, only 16 met the inclusion criteria (ten clinical reports, five laboratory studies, and one retrospective clinical study). To date, no randomized controlled clinical trials have been conducted. Most laboratory studies displayed a low risk of bias, with partial laminate veneers rendering adequate strength and color stability. Clinical reports have shown large variability in material selection, luting, and finishing/polishing protocols. CONCLUSIONS Low-quality evidence is available for ceramic partial laminate veneers. Available data from laboratory studies suggest good mechanical and optical performances comparable to those of conventional ceramic and composite resin veneers. Further clinical studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Durán Ojeda
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Rijkje A Bresser
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Wendler
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco M M Gresnigt
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
- Martini Hospital, Department of Special Dental Care, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mokeem LS, Martini Garcia I, Balhaddad AA, Lan Y, Seifu D, Weir MD, Melo MA. Multifunctional Dental Adhesives Formulated with Silane-Coated Magnetic Fe 3O 4@m-SiO 2 Core-Shell Particles to Counteract Adhesive Interfacial Breakdown. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2120-2139. [PMID: 38170561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The process of bonding to dentin is complex and dynamic, greatly impacting the longevity of dental restorations. The tooth/dental material interface is degraded by bacterial acids, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and hydrolysis. As a result, bonded dental restorations face reduced longevity due to adhesive interfacial breakdown, leading to leakage, tooth pain, recurrent caries, and costly restoration replacements. To address this issue, we synthesized and characterized a multifunctional magnetic platform, CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2, to provide several beneficial functions. The platform comprises Fe3O4 microparticles and chlorhexidine (CHX) encapsulated within mesoporous silica, which was silanized by an antibacterial quaternary ammonium silane (SiQuac). This platform simultaneously targets bacterial inhibition, stability of the hybrid layer, and enhanced filler infiltration by magnetic motion. Comprehensive experiments include X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, VSM, EDS, N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Then, CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2 was incorporated into an experimental adhesive resin for dental bonding restorations, followed by immediate and long-term antibacterial assessment, cytotoxicity evaluation, and mechanical and bonding performance. The results confirmed the multifunctional nature of CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2. This work outlined a roadmap for (1) designing and tuning an adhesive formulation containing the new platform CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2; (2) assessing microtensile bond strength to dentin using a clinically relevant model of simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure; and (3) investigating the antibacterial outcome performance of the particles when embedded into the formulated adhesives over time. The results showed that at 4 wt % of CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2-doped adhesive under the guided magnetic field, the bond strength increased by 28%. CHX@SiQuac@Fe3O4@m-SiO2 enhanced dentin adhesion in the magnetic guide bonding process without altering adhesive properties or causing cytotoxicity. This finding presents a promising method for strengthening the tooth/dental material interface's stability and extending the bonded restorations' lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Sami Mokeem
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yucheng Lan
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Dereje Seifu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Michael D Weir
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maletin A, Knežević MJ, Koprivica DĐ, Veljović T, Puškar T, Milekić B, Ristić I. Dental Resin-Based Luting Materials-Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4156. [PMID: 37896400 PMCID: PMC10610675 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As cementation represents the last stage of the work involved in making various indirect restorations (metal ceramic crowns and bridges, full ceramic crowns and bridges, inlays, onlays, and fiber posts), its quality significantly contributes to the clinical success of the therapy performed. In the last two decades, the demand for ceramic indirect restorations in everyday dental practice has considerably increased primarily due to the growing significance of esthetics among patients, but also as a result of hypersensitivity reactions to dental alloys in some individuals. In this context, it is essential to ensure a permanent and reliable adhesive bond between the indirect restoration and the tooth structure, as this is the key to the success of aesthetic restorations. Resin-based luting materials benefit from excellent optical (aesthetic) and mechanical properties, as well as from providing a strong and durable adhesive bond between the restoration and the tooth. For this reason, resin cements are a reliable choice of material for cementing polycrystalline ceramic restorations. The current dental material market offers a wide range of resin cement with diverse and continually advancing properties. In response, we wish to note that the interest in the properties of resin-based cements among clinicians has existed for many years. Yet, despite extensive research on the subject and the resulting continued improvements in the quality of these materials, there is still no ideal resin-based cement on the market. The manuscript authors were guided by this fact when writing the article content, as the aim was to provide a concise overview of the composition, properties, and current trends, as well as some future guidelines for research in this field that would be beneficial for dental practitioners as well as the scientific community. It is extremely important to provide reliable and succinct information and guidelines for resin luting materials for dental dental practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maletin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (D.Đ.K.); (T.V.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Milica Jeremić Knežević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (D.Đ.K.); (T.V.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Daniela Đurović Koprivica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (D.Đ.K.); (T.V.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Tanja Veljović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (D.Đ.K.); (T.V.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Tatjana Puškar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (D.Đ.K.); (T.V.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Bojana Milekić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.J.K.); (D.Đ.K.); (T.V.); (T.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Ivan Ristić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peled Y, Stewart CA, Glogauer M, Finer Y. The Role of Bacterial, Dentinal, Salivary, and Neutrophil Degradative Activity in Caries Pathogenesis. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:217. [PMID: 37754337 PMCID: PMC10528424 DOI: 10.3390/dj11090217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, it was widely accepted that bacteria participate in caries pathogenesis mainly through carbohydrate fermentation and acid production, which promote the dissolution of tooth components. Neutrophils, on the other hand, were considered white blood cells with no role in caries pathogenesis. Nevertheless, current literature suggests that both bacteria and neutrophils, among other factors, possess direct degradative activity towards both dentinal collagen type-1 and/or methacrylate resin-based restoratives and adhesives, the most common dental restoratives. Neutrophils are abundant leukocytes in the gingival sulcus, where they can readily reach adjacent tooth roots or gingival and cervical restorations and execute their degradative activity. In this review, we present the latest literature evidence for bacterial, dentinal, salivary, and neutrophil degradative action that may induce primary caries, secondary caries, and restoration failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Peled
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Cameron A. Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
- Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.P.); (C.A.S.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leung BAY, Joe W, Mofarah SS, Sorrell CC, Abbasi R, Azadeh M, Arsecularatne JA, Koshy P. Unveiling the mechanisms behind surface degradation of dental resin composites in simulated oral environments. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7707-7720. [PMID: 37465918 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Dental resin composites are widely used as restorative materials due to their natural aesthetic and versatile properties. However, there has been limited research on the degradation mechanisms of these composites in gastric acid environments, which would be common in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. This study aims to investigate the degradation behavior of dental composites immersed in simulated oral environments, including acid, saliva, and water. Mechanical and morphological properties of the composites, upon immersion in the simulated environments, were thoroughly examined using hardness testing and SEM imaging. Qualitative analyses of the ions leached from the polymer matrix and fillers were conducted using XPS and ICP-MS. In addition, the thermodynamic stability of the inorganic fillers of the composites in aqueous solutions across a wide range of pH values was theoretically studied through construction of Pourbaix diagrams. This study proposed a mechanism for composite leaching involving interactions between the matrix's hydrophilic groups and the aqueous immersion media, leading to swelling and chemical degradation of the composites. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that filler leaching was followed by ion exchange with Ca and P, resulting in the formation of hard calcified layers on the composite surface. The current findings provide valuable insights into the development of new composite materials with improved durability and resistance to degradation, especially for patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Ah-Yan Leung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - William Joe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Sajjad S Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Charles C Sorrell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Roozbeh Abbasi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mohsen Azadeh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alhussein A, Alsahafi R, Balhaddad AA, Mokeem L, Schneider A, Jabra-Rizk MA, Masri R, Hack GD, Oates TW, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel Bioactive Nanocomposites Containing Calcium Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate with Antibacterial and Low-Shrinkage-Stress Capabilities to Inhibit Dental Caries. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:991. [PMID: 37760093 PMCID: PMC10525142 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Composites are commonly used for tooth restorations, but recurrent caries often lead to restoration failures due to polymerization shrinkage-stress-induced marginal leakage. The aims of this research were to: (1) develop novel low-shrinkage-stress (L.S.S.) nanocomposites containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) or amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization; (2) investigate antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties. METHODS Nanocomposites were made by mixing triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether with urethane dimethacrylate containing 3% DMADDM, 20% nCaF2, and 20% NACP. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans biofilms, and cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts and dental pulp stem cells were tested. RESULTS Nanocomposites with DMADDM and nCaF2 or NACP had flexural strengths matching commercial composite control without bioactivity. The new nanocomposite provided potent antibacterial properties, reducing biofilm CFU by 6 logs, and reducing lactic acid synthesis and metabolic function of biofilms by 90%, compared to controls (p < 0.05). The new nanocomposites produced excellent cell viability matching commercial control (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bioactive L.S.S. antibacterial nanocomposites with nCaF2 and NACP had excellent bioactivity without compromising mechanical and cytocompatible properties. The new nanocomposites are promising for a wide range of dental restorations by improving marginal integrity by reducing shrinkage stress, defending tooth structures, and minimizing cariogenic biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhussein
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Mokeem
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gary D. Hack
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alqutaibi AY, Baik A, Almuzaini SA, Farghal AE, Alnazzawi AA, Borzangy S, Aboalrejal AN, AbdElaziz MH, Mahmoud II, Zafar MS. Polymeric Denture Base Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3258. [PMID: 37571151 PMCID: PMC10422349 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An ideal denture base must have good physical and mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and esthetic properties. Various polymeric materials have been used to construct denture bases. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most used biomaterial for dentures fabrication due to its favorable properties, which include ease of processing and pigmenting, sufficient mechanical properties, economy, and low toxicity. This article aimed to comprehensively review the current knowledge about denture base materials (DBMs) types, properties, modifications, applications, and construction methods. We searched for articles about denture base materials in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Journals covering topics including dental materials, prosthodontics, and restorative dentistry were also combed through. Denture base material variations, types, qualities, applications, and fabrication research published in English were considered. Although PMMA has several benefits and gained popularity as a denture base material, it has certain limitations and cannot be classified as an ideal biomaterial for fabricating dental prostheses. Accordingly, several studies have been performed to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA by chemical modifications and mechanical reinforcement using fibers, nanofillers, and hybrid materials. This review aimed to update the current knowledge about DBMs' types, properties, applications, and recent developments. There is a need for specific research to improve their biological properties due to patient and dental staff adverse reactions to possibly harmful substances produced during their manufacturing and use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi
- Department of Substitutive Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Abdulmajeed Baik
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.)
| | - Sarah A. Almuzaini
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.)
| | - Ahmed E. Farghal
- Department of Substitutive Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Ahmad Abdulkareem Alnazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Sary Borzangy
- Department of Substitutive Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (M.H.A.)
| | | | - Mohammed Hosny AbdElaziz
- Department of Substitutive Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ihab Ismail Mahmoud
- Removable Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malgaj T, Papšík R, Abram A, Kocjan A, Jevnikar P. Bonding Performance of Surface-Treated Zirconia Cantilevered Resin-Bonded Fixed Dental Prostheses: In Vitro Evaluation and Finite Element Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2646. [PMID: 37048940 PMCID: PMC10095828 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Debonding of zirconia cantilevered resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) remains the main treatment complication, therefore, the present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface pretreatments on the bonding of zirconia RBFDPs. Eighty milled zirconia maxillary central incisors, with complementary zirconia cantilevered RBFDPs, were randomly subjected to four different surface pretreatments (n = 20): as-machined (AM); airborne-particle abraded (APA); coated with nanostructured alumina coating (NAC); incisor air-abraded and RBFDP coated (NAC_APA). After bonding, half of each group (n = 10) was stored in deionized water (150 days/37 °C), thermocycled (37,500 cycles, 5-55 °C), and cyclically loaded (50 N/1.2 × 106). Load-bearing capacity (LBC) was determined using a quasi-static test. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) and fractography were performed. t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical-analysis. Before aging, the NAC group provided superior LBC to other groups (p < 0.05). After aging, the AM specimens debonded spontaneously, while other groups exhibited comparable LBC (p ˃ 0.05). The FEA results correlated with the in vitro experiment and fractography, showing highly stressed areas in the bonding interface, cement layer, and in RBFDP's retainer wing and connector. The NAC RBFDPs exhibited comparable long-term bonding performance to APA and should be regarded as a zirconia pretreatment alternative to APA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Malgaj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Papšík
- Department of Material Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Anže Abram
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Kocjan
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lempel E, Szebeni D, Őri Z, Kiss T, Szalma J, Lovász BV, Kunsági-Máté S, Böddi K. The effect of high-irradiance rapid polymerization on degree of conversion, monomer elution, polymerization shrinkage and porosity of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:442-453. [PMID: 36918332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to compare the degree of conversion (DC), monomer elution (ME), polymerization shrinkage (PS) and porosity of two addition-fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) modified resin-based composites (RBC) light-cured with rapid- (RP), turbo- (TP) or conventional polymerization (CP) settings. METHODS Cylindrical samples (6-mm wide, 4-mm thick) were prepared from Tetric PowerFill (TPF) and Filtek One Bulk (FOB). Four groups were established according to the polymerization settings: 3s-RP, 5s-TP, 10s-CP and 20s-CP. Samples in 1 mm thickness with 20s-CP settings served as controls. The DC at the top and bottom surfaces was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. ME was detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. PS and porosity were analyzed by micro-computed tomography. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, multivariate analysis and partial eta-squared statistics were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS FOB showed higher DC values (61.5-77.5 %) at the top compared to TPF (43.5-67.8 %). At the bottom TPF samples achieved higher DCs (39.9-58.5 %) than FOB (18.21-66.18 %). Extending the curing time increased DC (except the top of FOB) and decreased ME. BisGMA release was the highest among the detected monomers from both RBCs. The amount was three-fold more from TPF. The factor Material and Exposure significantly influenced DC and ME. PS (1.8-2.5 %) did not differ among the groups and RBCs except for the lowest value of TPF cured with the 3s_RP setting (p = 0.03). FOB showed 4.5-fold lower porosity (p < 0.001). Significantly higher pore volume was detected after polymerization in 3s_RP (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE High-irradiance rapid 3-s curing of AFCT modified RBCs resulted in inferior results for some important material properties. A longer exposure time is recommended in a clinical situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary.
| | - Donát Szebeni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 6, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Honvéd Street 1, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thammajaruk P, Guazzato M, Naorungroj S. Cleaning methods of contaminated zirconia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2023; 39:235-245. [PMID: 36754733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to systematically review the literature and statistically analyze the effectiveness of different cleaning methods on the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia in short- and long-term aging conditions. DATA/SOURCES The literature was electronically searched in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Wiley, Scopus, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations databases to select relevant articles that evaluated the bond strength between contaminated zirconia and resin cements. A manual search was performed by scanning the reference lists of included studies. STUDY SELECTION All articles were published online before April 2022 and in English. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) between uncontaminated zirconia and various cleaning methods in two aging conditions (short- and long-term). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I-square statistics. The risk of bias of all included studies was assessed. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA (StataCorp, College Station, Texas). RESULTS Of the 1181 studies, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analyses. In short-term aging condition, cleaning contaminated zirconia with water, alcohol, or acid etching reported significantly lower bond strength than uncontaminated zirconia. For long-term aging condition, cleaning contaminated zirconia with water, cleaning agents, alcohol, or acid etching reported significantly lower bond strength than uncontaminated zirconia. Alumina air-abrasion or cleaning with sodium hypochlorite were comparable to uncontaminated zirconia for both short- and long-term aging conditions. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis appeared to indicate that the cleaning methods of contaminated zirconia restoration have an effect on zirconia bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putsadeeporn Thammajaruk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Massimiliano Guazzato
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Fluoride Ion Release from Ion-Releasing Dental Materials after Surface Loading by Topical Treatment with Sodium Fluoride Gel. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020102. [PMID: 36826901 PMCID: PMC9958732 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the rechargeability of ion-releasing dental material specimens immersed in distilled water for 25 months, which depleted their ion-releasing ability. Four restorative dental materials (alkasite composite, giomer, glass-ionomer, and composite material) presented with 24 specimens were studied after topical treatment with a concentrated fluoride gel. The effect of resin coating on the ion uptake and release was investigated on additional 42 specimens of restorative dental materials with coatings. The composite materials were coated with two adhesive systems, whereas the glass-ionomer was coated with the special coating resin. After topical fluoride exposure, ion release and specimen mass were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14-day intervals using an ion-selective electrode and an analytical balance, respectively. The cumulative fluoride levels for the uncoated specimens of alkasite composite were significantly higher than those of giomer and glass-ionomer cement, with no statistically significant difference between the latter two materials. The conventional composite had the lowest cumulative concentration of fluoride ions (p < 0.05). The adhesive systems affected the fluoride recharge and reduced the ion concentrations absorbed by the specimens. Specimens coated with universal adhesive showed significantly higher ion release compared to universal fluoride-releasing adhesive or special coating resin for glass-ionomers (p < 0.05). No statistically significant change in specimen mass was observed during the 14-day period. Surface coating with adhesive systems as well as special coating resin for glass-ionomers affects the fluoride recharge process.
Collapse
|
14
|
Alia A, Gao F, Mitchell JC, Gasiorowski J, Ciancio M, Kuppast B, Pfeifer C, Carrilho MR. Dentin primer based on a highly functionalized gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogel. Dent Mater 2023; 39:192-203. [PMID: 36641338 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogels (GelMA) have demonstrated their utility as scaffolds in a variety of tissue engineering applications. OBJECTIVES In this study, a highly functionalized GelMA hydrogel was synthesized and assessed for degree of functionalization. As the proposed GelMA hydrogel was coupled to a visible-light photoinitiator, we hypothesized it might serve as base to formulate a model dentin primer for application in restorative dentistry. METHODS GelMA was mixed with photoinitiator lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), photopolymerized for 0-40 s using a dental light-curing device and tested for extrudability, degree of photo-crosslinking (DPxlink), water sorption/solubility/swelling (WS/SL/SW) and apparent modulus of elasticity (AE). Model dentin primer was prepared by mixing GelMA+LAP with a primer of a commercial three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. After application of GelMA-based primer to acid-etched dentin, samples were bonded with correspondent adhesive agent, photopolymerized and had their immediate bond strength compared to control samples primed and bonded with the same commercial material. RESULTS Extrudability of hydrogel was confirmed using a microsyringe to write the acronym "CDMI". DPxlink of GelMA+LAP changed significantly as a function of photopolymerization time (20 s < 30 s ≤ 40 s). WS, SL and SW were significantly reduced in hydrogels polymerized for 30 and 40 s. AE of hydrogels varied significantly as a function of photopolymerization time (20 s < 30 s ≤ 40 s; 20 s ‡ 40 s). Bond strength of dentin primed with GelMA-based primer was lower (∼29.3 MPa) but not significantly of that of control (∼34.6 MPa). CONCLUSIONS Optimization of a GelMA-based dentin primers can lead to the development of promising biomimetic adhesives for dentin rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ala Alia
- Midwestern University, College of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Program, Downers Grove, IL, USA; Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - John C Mitchell
- Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Downers Grove, IL, USA; Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Arizona, Glendale, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Gasiorowski
- Midwestern University, College of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Program, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Mae Ciancio
- Midwestern University, College of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Program, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Bhimanna Kuppast
- Midwestern University, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Carmem Pfeifer
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marcela R Carrilho
- Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo X, Zhao H, Zhang Z. Effects of Streptococcus mutans and its fluoride resistant strains on the adhesion of CAD/CAM ceramics to teeth and resin. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:125-139. [PMID: 35754240 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The similar elastic modulus of resin-matrix ceramics to dentin has resulted in their recent widespread application clinically. Nevertheless, the bacterial environment of oral cavity can degrade the resin composite. OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyse the effect of S. mutans and its fluoride-resistant strains on the adhesion of three CAD/CAM ceramics. METHODS S. mutans UA159 (UA) was identified, and its fluoride-resistant strain (FR) was induced. For crack observation, three kinds of CAD/CAM ceramics (IPS Empress, Lava Ultimate and Vita Enamic) were bonded with tooth complex (enamel, dentin and flowable resin) through adhesive. For micro-tensile test, ceramics were bonded with flowable resin, and cut into strip test pieces. Then specimens were immersed into the UA, FR and the control solution (BHI) separately for 14 d. Ceramic-adhesive interface and adhesive-tooth complex interface were observed and analyzed through electron microscope and stereomicroscope. Micro-tensile test was conducted. RESULTS Specimens in bacterial solutions had more cracks and comparatively weaker micro-tensile strength than those in BHI. In ceramic-adhesive interface, Lava Ultimate produced the most cracks. In adhesive-tooth complex interface, adhesive-dentin produced the most cracks. Meanwhile, IPS Empress had the strongest micro-tensile strength when bonded with resin. CONCLUSIONS S. mutans and its fluoride resistant strain can cause cracks in the bonding of ceramics and dental tissue, especially resin-matrix ceramic and dentin, and weaken the bonding strength between ceramics and resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,College of Dentistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
In Search of Novel Degradation-Resistant Monomers for Adhesive Dentistry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123104. [PMID: 36551861 PMCID: PMC9775292 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether degradation-resistant monomers included in experimental dental adhesives can improve long-term bond strength compared to conventional monomers. This study followed the latest PRISMA guidance (2020). The search for the systematic review was carried out in four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SciELO and EMBASE, without restrictions on the year of publication and language. The last screening was conducted in July 2022. Interventions included were in vitro studies on experimental dental adhesives that tested short-term and long-term bond strength, but also water sorption and solubility data when available, in extracted human molars. Meta-analyses were performed using Rstudio v1.4.1106. A summary table analyzing the individual risk of bias was generated using the recent RoBDEMAT tool. Of the 177 potentially eligible studies, a total of 7 studies were included. Experimental monomers with acrylamides or methacrylamide−acrylamide hybrids in their composition showed better results of aged bond strength when compared to methacrylate controls (p < 0.05). The experimental monomers found better sorption and solubility compared to controls and were significantly different (p < 0.001). It is possible to achieve hydrolytically resistant formulations by adding novel experimental monomers, with chemical structures that bring benefit to degradation mechanisms.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gouveia Z, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Towards the development of biostable dental resin systems - design criteria and constraints beyond ester-free chemistries. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1827-1840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
18
|
Daabash R, Alshabib A, Alqahtani MQ, Price RB, Silikas N, Alshaafi MM. Ion releasing direct restorative materials: Key mechanical properties and wear. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1866-1877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
19
|
Biodegradation of Dental Resin-Based Composite—A Potential Factor Affecting the Bonding Effect: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092313. [PMID: 36140414 PMCID: PMC9496159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, although resin composite has played an important role in the restoration of tooth defects, it still has several disadvantages, including being biodegraded by saliva, bacteria and other enzymes in the oral cavity, which may result in repair failure. This factor is not conducive to the long-term survival of the prosthesis in the mouth. In this article, we review the causes, influencing factors and prevention methods of resin biodegradation. Biodegradation is mainly caused by esterase in saliva and bacteria, which breaks the ester bond in resin and causes the release of monomers. The mechanical properties of the prosthesis can then be affected. Meanwhile, cathepsin and MMPs are activated on the bonding surface, which may decompose the dentin collagen. In addition, neutrophils and residual water on the bonding surface can also aggravate biodegradation. Currently, the primary methods to prevent biodegradation involve adding antibacterial agents to resin, inhibiting the activity of MMPs and enhancing the crosslinking of collagen fibers. All of the above indicates that in the preparation and adhesion of resin materials, attention should be paid to the influence of biodegradation to improve the prosthesis’s service life in the complex environment of the oral cavity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Hybrid Polymer-HA/BAG Ceramic Dental Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183774. [PMID: 36145918 PMCID: PMC9505225 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare hybrid polymer-ceramic dental materials for chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications. The hybrid polymer-ceramic materials were fabricated via infiltrating polymerizable monomer mixtures into sintered hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass (HA/BAG) ceramic blocks and thermo-curing. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The phase structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The composition ratio was analyzed by a thermogravimetric analyzer. The hardness was measured by a Vickers hardness tester. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength were measured and calculated by a universal testing machine. The growth of human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the sintering temperature and BAG content affected the mechanical properties of the hybrid polymer-ceramic materials. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that high-temperature sintering promoted the partial conversion of HA to β-tricalcium phosphate. The values of the hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength of all the hybrid polymer-ceramic materials were 0.89-3.51 GPa, 57.61-118.05 MPa, 20.26-39.77 GPa, and 60.36-390.46 MPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the hybrid polymer-ceramic materials were similar to natural teeth. As a trade-off between flexural strength and hardness, hybrid polymer-ceramic material with 20 wt.% BAG sintered at 1000 °C was the best material. In vitro experiments confirmed the biocompatibility of the hybrid polymer-ceramic material. Therefore, the hybrid polymer-ceramic material is expected to become a new type of dental restoration material.
Collapse
|
21
|
Miletic V, Trifković B, Stamenković D, Tango RN, Paravina RD. Effects of staining and artificial aging on optical properties of gingiva-colored resin-based restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6817-6827. [PMID: 35882680 PMCID: PMC9643207 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate CIEDE2000/CIELAB differences in color (ΔE00/ΔEab), and translucency parameter (ΔTP00/ΔTPab), and gloss of gingiva-colored resin-based restorative materials upon staining/aging. Materials and methods Disc-shaped, 10 mm in diameter, and 2-mm-thick samples (n = 5/group) were made from giomer (Beautifil II gingiva), oligomer-based (crea.lign GUM gel), CAD/CAM polymethyl-methacrylate-based (IvoBase CAD), PMMA-based (ProBase Hot), and dimethacrylate-based (SR Nexco Paste Gingiva). Color and gloss were recording using a benchtop spectrophotometer and gloss meter, respectively, at baseline (T0), and upon staining in coffee or red wine for 60 (T1) and 120 h (T2), or artificial aging of 150 kJ/m2 (T1) and 300 kJ/m2 (T2). Three-way analysis of variance (materials x staining conditions x time intervals), Tukey’s test (α = 0.05), and Pearson’s correlation test were used in analytical statistics. Results CIEDE2000 color differences ranged from 1.0 to 4.4 (coffee), 1.5 to 5.3 (wine), and 0.9 to 2.0 after artificial aging, with ΔE00 values being significantly higher for Beautifil than other materials (p < 0.05). ΔTP00 values ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 and were statistically higher upon staining in wine compared to artificial aging (p < 0.05). Gloss values at T0 were 76.7–87.0. Beautifil exhibited the lowest gloss retention (50.8–60.2%) after staining, compared to > 90% of other materials (p < 0.05). ΔE00/ΔEab and ΔTP00/ΔTPab were positively correlated (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Color, translucency, and gloss changes of gingiva-colored restorative materials were material- and staining/aging-dependent. Generally, wine caused greatest changes in color (with IvoBase CAD being the most color stable) and translucency parameter. All materials except Beautifil gingiva II exhibited staining- and aging-dependent gloss retention greater than 90% for all compared time intervals. Clinical relevance Optical properties of resin-based gingiva-colored restorative materials depend on material, staining/aging conditions, and exposure time. Certain materials should be avoided in individuals with high consumption of red wine and coffee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Miletic
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Branka Trifković
- Clinic for Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stamenković
- Private Practice, Belgrade, Serbia and John M Powers, PhD, Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics (HCBB), University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rubens Nisie Tango
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, State University of Sao Paulo School of Dentistry at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil and, John M Powers, PhD, Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics (HCBB), University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rade Dušan Paravina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics and John M Powers, PhD, Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics (HCBB), University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
An Evaluation of the Hydrolytic Stability of Selected Experimental Dental Matrices and Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15145055. [PMID: 35888521 PMCID: PMC9322899 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials with potential use as dental restoration should be evaluated in an aggressive environment. Such accelerated aging is widely used in other industries and allows the assessment of service life. In the presented study, three neat resins (UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 70/10/20 wt.%, UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.% and UDMA/Bis-EMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.%) and three composites based on these matrices were tested before and after aging protocols (I-7500 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH; II-5 days, 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH). Flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness (HV) were determined. Applied aging protocols resulted in a decrease in the value of the FS, DTS and HV. Larger changes were noticed for the neat resins. Materials in which the content of bis-GMA was lower or substituted by bis-EMA showed better resistance to degradation. The choice of mixtures with monomers characterized by lower sorption values may favorably affect hydrolytic stability. It was shown that for composites there was a drastic decrease in hardness, which suggests a more superficial effect of the used protocols. However, degradation of the surface layer can result in a growing problem over time given that the mastication processes are an inherent element in the oral environment.
Collapse
|
23
|
Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Fronczek M, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Grobelny J, Sokolowski J, Bociong K. The First Step in Standardizing an Artificial Aging Protocol for Dental Composites—Evaluation of Basic Protocols. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113511. [PMID: 35684448 PMCID: PMC9182013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical performance of a dental restoration is strongly influenced by the complex and dynamically-changing oral environment; however, no standard procedure exists to evaluate this lifetime. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of different aging procedures on the flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness (HV) of selected dental materials (Resin F, Flow-Art and Arkon). Material structure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that each aging protocol had some influence on the tested properties, with continual erosion and degradation being observed. Greater mechanical degradation was observed for Resin F (neat resin) after the applied aging protocols, suggesting that a resin matrix is more susceptible for degradation. The most aggressive aging protocol was Protocol 5: 0.1 M NaOH, seven days, 60 °C. Further studies on the effect of artificial aging on dental materials should include a study of the thermal and chemical factors. A standardized aging procedure is crucial for improving the resistance of dental resin composite to oral conditions and their clinical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-54
| | - Magdalena Fronczek
- “DynamoLab” Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical University of Mazovia, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.-S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.-S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kinga Bociong
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mechanical characterization and adhesive properties of a dental adhesive modified with a polymer antibiotic conjugate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 129:105153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
Vilde T, Stewart CA, Finer Y. Simulating the Intraoral Aging of Dental Bonding Agents: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10010013. [PMID: 35049611 PMCID: PMC8775087 DOI: 10.3390/dj10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their popularity, resin composite restorations fail earlier and at higher rates than comparable amalgam restorations. One of the reasons for these rates of failure are the properties of current dental bonding agents. Modern bonding agents are vulnerable to gradual chemical and mechanical degradation from a number of avenues such as daily use in chewing, catalytic hydrolysis facilitated by salivary or bacterial enzymes, and thermal fluctuations. These stressors have been found to work synergistically, all contributing to the deterioration and eventual failure of the hybrid layer. Due to the expense and difficulty in conducting in vivo experiments, in vitro protocols meant to accurately simulate the oral environment’s stressors are important in the development of bonding agents and materials that are more resistant to these processes of degradation. This narrative review serves to summarize the currently employed methods of aging dental materials and critically appraise them in the context of our knowledge of the oral environment’s parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vilde
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (T.V.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cameron A. Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (T.V.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (T.V.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Al-Taee L, Banerjee A, Deb S. In-Vitro Adhesive and Interfacial Analysis of A Phosphorylated Resin Polyalkenoate Cement Bonded To Dental Hard Tissues. J Dent 2022; 118:104050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
27
|
Formulation of Microwave-Assisted Natural-Synthetic Polymer Composite Film and Its Physicochemical Characterization. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9961710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at microwave-assisted synthesis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and Eudragit L100 composite film and its physicochemical characterization. The film was developed with varying quantities of each polymer and treated with microwave at a fixed frequency of 2450 MHz with a power of 350 Watts for 60 and 120 s. All formulations were characterized for thickness/weight uniformity, moisture adsorption, erosion and water uptake, tensile strength, and vibrational, thermal, and surface morphological analysis in comparison with untreated film samples. Results indicated that microwave treatment for 60 s significantly improved the tensile strength, reduced the water adsorption, delayed erosion, and reduced the water uptake in comparison with the untreated and 120 s treated film formulations. The vibrational analysis revealed rigidification of hydrophilic domains at OH/NH moiety and fluidization of hydrophobic domains at asymmetric and symmetric CH moieties, which is envisaged to be due to the formation of new linkages between the two polymers. These were later confirmed by thermal analysis where a significant rise in transition temperature, as well as enthalpy of the system, was recorded. The microwave treatment for 60 s is thus advocated to be the best treatment condition for developing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and Eudragit L100 composite polymeric films.
Collapse
|
28
|
Berghaus E, Muxkopf GA, Feddersen S, Eisenburger M, Petersen S. Antimicrobial agents in dental restorative materials: Effect on long-term drug release and material properties. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12840. [PMID: 34935216 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports on the long-term drug release and mechanical properties of bioactive dental filling materials based on chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) or octinidine (di)hydrochloride (ODH) incorporated in a composite based on dimethacrylates or an ormocer. CHX or ODH were added to a nano-hybrid ormocer (O) and a nano-hybrid composite (C) with the amount of 2 wt% to achieve four matrix-drug combinations: O-CHX, O-ODH, C-CHX, and C-ODH. Drug extraction and release were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), while drug distribution was assessed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Drug release in water at 37°C was observed over 87 d. To determine the material properties, the water absorption, water solubility, flexural strength and hardness were measured and compared to the reference materials. Persistent drug release over 87 d was observed for both ODH-based systems and both ormocer-systems, with the longest duration of activity seen for the O-ODH combination. Persistent drug release was achieved via the loosening of the polymer network indicated via decreasing polymerization enthalpies, enhanced water absorption, and water solubility. As a consequence, the flexural strengths of the materials were reduced. However, surface hardness was hardly reduced. ODH seems to be more adequate than CHX for the design of bioactive dental filling materials based on nano-hybrid ormocer and composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Berghaus
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Surface Modification, University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Silas Feddersen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Eisenburger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svea Petersen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Surface Modification, University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rios-Madrigal AM, Orea-Vega DC, Vega-González M, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Arenas-Arrocena MC, Castro-Ruiz JE, Correa-Prado R, Domínguez-Pérez RA. Effect of Streptococcus mutans on surface-topography, microhardness, and mechanical properties of contemporary resin composites. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 19:22808000211065260. [PMID: 34915756 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211065260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries is the most prevalent disease globally, and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a common associated oral bacteria. Additionally, S. mutans possess esterase activity capable of degrading resin composites (RC). However, the effect of degradation on the physical-mechanical properties of the RC has not been extensively studied. We evaluated the flexure strength (FS), the diametral tensile strength (DTS), the modulus of elasticity (ME), and the microhardness of three contemporary RC to establish if S. mutans could affect them. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight bar-shaped and 276 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated with Enamel Plus HRi, IPS Empress Direct, and Clearfil AP-X, and physical-mechanical testing was done after been incubated during 30 and 60 days in culture media with or without S. mutans. Also, a scanning electron microscope was used to identify surface changes. RESULTS None of the tested RC were affected in their mechanical properties (FS, ME, and DTS). However, Clearfil AP-X and Enamel Plus HRI showed eroded surfaces and a decreased microhardness after 30 and 60 days S. mutans incubation. IPS Empress Direct presented the lowest values in all the tests, but its physical-mechanical features and surface were not affected by bacteria's exposure. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to S. mutans could affect some contemporary RC; however, the effect seems superficial since its mechanical features were not affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulce Carolina Orea-Vega
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Marina Vega-González
- Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ma Concepción Arenas-Arrocena
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, Licenciatura en Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León Guanajuato, México
| | - Jesus Eduardo Castro-Ruiz
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Prado
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Prostodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.,Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dentistry Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kumar D, Ghose D, Bolskar RD, Mutreja I, Jones RS. A novel methacrylate derivative polymer that resists bacterial cell-mediated biodegradation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:991-1000. [PMID: 34855282 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study tests biodegradation resistance of a custom synthesized novel ethylene glycol ethyl methacrylate (EGEMA) with ester bond linkages that are external to the central polymer backbone when polymerized. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with internal ester bond linkages and EGEMA discs were prepared in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mold using 40 μl macromer and photo/co-initiator mixture cured for 40 s at 1000 mW/cm2 . The discs were stored in the constant presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in Todd Hewitt Yeast + Glucose (THYE+G) media up to 9 weeks (n = 8 for each macromer type) and physical/mechanical properties were assessed. Initial measurements EGEMA versus EGDMA polymer discs showed equivalent degree of conversion (45.69% ± 2.38 vs. 46.79% ± 4.64), diametral tensile stress (DTS; 8.12± 2.92 MPa vs. 6.02 ± 1.48 MPa), and low subsurface optical defects (0.41% ± 0.254% vs. 0.11% ± 0.074%). The initial surface wettability (contact angle) was slightly higher (p ≤ .012) for EGEMA (62.02° ± 3.56) than EGDMA (53.86° ± 5.61°). EGDMA showed higher initial Vicker's hardness than EGEMA (8.03 ± 0.88 HV vs. 5.93 ± 0.69 HV; p ≤ .001). After 9 weeks of S. mutans exposure, EGEMA (ΔDTS-1.30 MPa) showed higher resistance to biodegradation effects with a superior DTS than EGDMA (ΔDTS-6.39 MPa) (p = .0039). Visible and scanning electron microscopy images of EGEMA show less surface cracking and defects than EGDMA. EGDMA had higher loss of material (18.9% vs. 8.5%, p = .0009), relative changes to fracture toughness (92.5% vs. 49.2%, p = .0022) and increased water sorption (6.1% vs. 1.9%, p = .0022) compared to EGEMA discs. The flipped external ester group linkage design is attributed to EGEMA showing higher resistance to bacterial degradation effects than an internal ester group linkage design methacrylate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Debarati Ghose
- Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Isha Mutreja
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert S Jones
- Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
De Nys S, Duca RC, Vervliet P, Covaci A, Boonen I, Elskens M, Vanoirbeek J, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Bisphenol A release from short-term degraded resin-based dental materials. J Dent 2021; 116:103894. [PMID: 34798152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is still much debate about the release of bisphenol A (BPA) from resin-based dental materials. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify BPA present as an impurity and to evaluate whether their degradation by salivary, bacterial, and chemical challenges could increase its release. METHODS BPA was determined in three different amounts (300, 400, and 500 µg) of eight unpolymerized resin-based materials (four composites, one fissure sealant, two adhesives and one root canal sealer). Next, polymerized samples (n = 5) of each material were immersed in 1 mL of whole human pooled saliva collected from adults, Streptococcus mutans (2 × 107 CFU/mL), and acidic (0.1 M HCl), alkaline (0.1 M NaOH), and control media, respectively. The amount of BPA was quantified using an UPLC-MS/MS method including derivatization of BPA by pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride. RESULTS Only the composites contained trace amounts of BPA above the limit of quantification (ranging from 301±32 pg PBA/mg to 1534±62 pg BPA/mg), most likely as impurity from the synthesis of the monomers. The amounts of BPA released from polymerized materials upon salivary and bacterial degradation were too low for accurate quantification, but in water, quantifiable amounts of BPA were released from all materials. In alkaline media, the BPA release from two composites was significantly decreased, while the release from one adhesive was significantly increased, compared to water. CONCLUSIONS BPA already present in unpolymerized resin-based materials may account for the release of BPA after polymerization. There was no clear indication that short-term material degradation leads to increased release of BPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External service for prevention and protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; IDEWE, External service for prevention and protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Philippe Vervliet
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, D.S.551, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, D.S.551, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Imke Boonen
- Laboratory of Analytical, Environmental and GeoChemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Laboratory of Analytical, Environmental and GeoChemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External service for prevention and protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Analytical, Environmental and GeoChemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium; IDEWE, External service for prevention and protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External service for prevention and protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External service for prevention and protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mester A, Moldovan M, Cuc S, Tomuleasa C, Pasca S, Filip M, Piciu A, Onisor F. Characteristics of Dental Resin-Based Composites in Leukemia Saliva: An In Vitro Analysis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111618. [PMID: 34829847 PMCID: PMC8615474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to analyze, in vitro, four resin based composite systems (RBCs) immersed in saliva of leukemia patients before starting chemotherapy regiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Saliva was collected from 20 patients (4 healthy patients, 16 leukemia patients). Resin disks were made for each RBC and were immersed in the acute leukemia (acute lymphocytic (ALL), acute myeloid (AML)), chronic leukemia (chronic lymphocytic (CLL), chronic myeloid (CML)), Artificial saliva and Control environment, and maintained for seven days. At the end of the experiment, the characteristics and the effective response of saliva from the studied salivas' on RBCs was assessed using water sorption, water solubility, residual monomer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data analysis was performed and a p-value under 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The behaviour of RBCs in different immersion environments varies according to the characteristics of the RBCs. RBCs with a higher filler ratio have a lower water sorption. The solubility is also deteriorated by the types of organic matrix and filler; the results of solubility being inversely proportional on the scale of negative values compared to sorption values. Chromatograms of residual monomers showed the highest amount of unreacted monomers in ALL and AML, and the Control and artificial saliva environments had the smallest residual monomer peaks. Because of the low number of differences between the experimental conditions, we further considered that there were no important statistical differences between experimental conditions and analysed them as a single group. CONCLUSION The influence of saliva on RBCs depends on the type of leukemia; acute leukemia influenced the most RBCs by changing their properties compared to chronic leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Stanca Cuc
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Oncology “Ion Chiricuta”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Oncology “Ion Chiricuta”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Miuta Filip
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry “Raluca Ripan”, University Babes-Bolyai, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andra Piciu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology “Ion Chiricuta”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Composite Resins on Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185225. [PMID: 34576450 PMCID: PMC8468467 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of five commercially available dental composite resins (CRs), investigating the effect of their quantifiable bisphenol-A-glycidyl-methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) release. Experiments were performed using the method of soaking extracts, which were derived from the immersion of the following CRs in the culture medium: Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2, GrandioSO, and Enamel-plus-HRi (Bis-GMA-based); Enamel-BioFunction and VenusDiamond (Bis-GMA-free). Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGDFs) were employed as the cellular model to mimic in vitro the oral cavity milieu, where CRs simultaneously release various components. Cell metabolic activity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were used as cellular outcomes. Results showed that only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi significantly affected the hGDF cell metabolic activity. In accordance with this, although no CR-derived extract induced a significantly detectable oxidative stress, only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi induced significant genotoxicity. Our findings showed, for the CRs employed, a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential that did not seem to depend only on the actual Bis-GMA or TEGDMA content. Enamel-BioFunction appeared optimal in terms of cytotoxicity, and similar findings were observed for Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2 despite their different Bis-GMA/TEGDMA release patterns. This suggested that simply excluding one specific monomer from the CR formulation might not steadily turn out as a successful approach for improving their biocompatibility.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang X, Gao G, Song HB, Zhang X, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Evaluation of a photo-initiated copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymer network with improved water stability and high mechanical performance as an ester-free dental restorative. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1592-1600. [PMID: 34456051 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to develop and characterize an ester-free ether-based photo-CuAAC resin with high mechanical performance, low polymerization-induced stress compared with common BisGMA/TEGDMA (70/30) resins, and improved water stability in comparison to previously developed urethane-based photo-CuAAC resins. METHODS Triphenyl-ethane-centered ether-linked tri-azide monomers were synthesized and co-photopolymerized with ether-linked tri-alkyne monomers under visible light irradiation using a copper(II) pre-catalyst and CQ/EDAB as the initiator. The ether-based CuAAC formulation was investigated for thermo-mechanical properties, polymerization kinetics and shrinkage stress, and flexural properties with respect to a conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA (70/30) dental resin. In addition, both the ether-based CuAAC resin and the urethane-based CuAAC resin were examined for their water stability using the BisGMA/TEGDMA (70/30) resin as a control. RESULTS The ether-based CuAAC network (AK/AZ-1) exhibited a slightly lower glass-transition temperature compared with the BisGMA/TEGDMA network (108 °C vs 128 °C), but because of its much sharper glass transition, the AK/AZ-1 CuAAC-network maintained storage modulus higher than 1 GPa up to 100 °C. In addition, the ether-based AK/AZ-1 network exhibited reduced shrinkage stress (0.56 MPa vs 1.0 MPa) and much higher flexural toughness (7.6 MJ/m3vs 1.6 MJ/m3) while showing slightly lower flexural modulus and slightly higher flexural strength compared with the BisGMA/TEGDMA network. Moreover, the ether-based AK/AZ-1 CuAAC network displayed comparable water stability in comparison to the BisGMA/TEGDMA network with slightly higher water sorption (46 μg/mm3vs 38 μg/mm3) and much lower water solubility (2.3 μg/mm3vs 4.4 μg/mm3). SIGNIFICANCE Employing the ether-based hydrophobic CuAAC formulation significantly improved the water stability of the CuAAC network compared with previously developed urethane-based CuAAC networks. Furthermore, compared with the conventionally used BisGMA/TEGDMA formulation, the reduced shrinkage stress, comparable flexural strength/flexural modulus, and the superior flexural toughness of the ether-based CuAAC network make it a promising ester-free alternative to the currently widely-used methacrylate-based dental restoratives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiance Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Guangzhe Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Han Byul Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Contemporary Approach to the Porosity of Dental Materials and Methods of Its Measurement. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168903. [PMID: 34445606 PMCID: PMC8396236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porosity is an important parameter for characterizing the microstructure of solids that corresponds to the volume of the void space, which may contain fluid or air, over the total volume of the material. Many materials of natural and technically manufactured origin have a large number of voids in their internal structure, relatively small in size, compared to the characteristic dimensions of the body itself. Thus, porosity is an important feature of industrial materials, but also of biological ones. The porous structure affects a number of material properties, such as sorption capacity, as well as mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Porosity of materials is an important factor in research on biomaterials. The most popular materials used to rebuild damaged tooth tissues are composites and ceramics, whilst titanium alloys are used in the production of implants that replace the tooth root. Research indicates that the most comprehensive approach to examining such materials should involve an analysis using several complementary methods covering the widest possible range of pore sizes. In addition to the constantly observed increase in the resolution capabilities of devices, the development of computational models and algorithms improving the quality of the measurement signal remains a big challenge.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rad IY, Lewis S, Barros MD, Kipper M, Stansbury JW. Suppression of hydrolytic degradation in labile polymer networks via integrated styrenic nanogels. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1295-1306. [PMID: 34103152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to demonstrate an approach with potential to increase the life of dental restorative polymers in water, by maintaining their strength and toughness with varied content of inert or reactive styrenic pre-polymeric additives. It was hypothesized that addition of styrene-co-divinylbenzene nanogels to a conventional dimethacrylate resin (e.g. TEGDMA) would reduce its susceptibility towards hydrolytic degradation, while maintaining equivalent mechanical properties. METHODS Polymerization kinetics and functional group conversions were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Triple-detection gel permeation chromatography was used for nanogel particle characterization. A goniometer was used to measure water contact angle on experimental and control photocured polymers. Hydrolytic degradation and mass loss evaluation was performed after extended water storage of an intentionally hydrolytically degradable polymer. Resin viscosity was determined rheometrically and polymer mechanical properties were evaluated using three-point flexural testing with TEGDMA-nanogel formulations. RESULTS The polymer network with highest level of nanogel loading (50 wt%) and the highest level of internal nanogel crosslinking (50 mol%) had the lowest degree of equilibrium swelling ratio and mass loss. The flexural modulus and ultimate strength of polymerized TEGDMA and styrenic nanogel-modified TEGDMA were not statistically different (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Due to improved shielding throughout the bulk of methacrylate-based polymers, including an example with an intentionally hydrolytically labile network structure, and a dramatic decrease of water uptake while maintaining equivalent mechanical properties, styrenic nanogel additives especially in high loading levels provide an excellent alternative to eliminate the adverse effects of water and presumably salivary fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ima Y Rad
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Craniofacial Biology Department, Research Complex-I North, 13065 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 United States of America.
| | - Steven Lewis
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Craniofacial Biology Department, Research Complex-I North, 13065 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 United States of America.
| | - Matthew D Barros
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Craniofacial Biology Department, Research Complex-I North, 13065 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 United States of America.
| | - Matt Kipper
- Colorado State University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Suzanne and Walter Scott, Jr. Bioengineering Building, 700 Meridian Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80523 United States of America.
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Craniofacial Biology Department, Research Complex-I North, 13065 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schneider BJ, Hiers RD, Currier GF, Kadioglu O, Johnston SE, Zhao YD, Esteban Florez FL, Khajotia SS. Assessment of Streptococcus mutans biofilms on orthodontic adhesives over 7 days. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:50-57. [PMID: 34090735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans biofilms after 1-7 days of growth on different orthodontic adhesives. METHODS Specimens of 6 commercial orthodontic adhesives were fabricated in custom-made molds and polymerized using a light-emitting diode light-curing unit. Bioluminescent S mutans (UA159:JM10) biofilms were grown on ultraviolet-sterilized specimens for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days (n = 18 biofilms/d/product) in anaerobic conditions at 37°C. The metabolism of biofilms (relative luminescence unit [RLU]) was measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 minutes after exposure to D-luciferin solution using a microplate reader. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the logarithm of RLU (log RLU). The model included fixed effects of products, days, and minutes. Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests were then performed on the significant predictors of log RLU (α = 0.05). RESULTS Days (P <0.0001) and minutes (P <0.0001) were independent predictors of log RLU, but the products were not (P = 0.5869). After adjusting for minutes, the log RLU was analyzed with a post-hoc test, and all differences between days were significant with the exceptions of day 3 from day 5 (P = 0.0731) and day 5 from day 7 (P = 0.8802). After adjusting for day, log RLU was analyzed with a post-hoc test and all differences in minutes were significant. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in the metabolism of S mutans biofilms were observed among the 6 orthodontic adhesives. Biofilms that were grown for 3 days demonstrated the highest levels of biofilm metabolism as evidenced by higher mean log RLU values relative to 1, 5, and 7-day growth durations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Schneider
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Rochelle D Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - G Frans Currier
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Onur Kadioglu
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Sarah E Johnston
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Fernando L Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Sharukh S Khajotia
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marginal Adaptation and Micropermeability of Class II Cavities Restored with Three Different Types of Resin Composites-A Comparative Ten-Month In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101660. [PMID: 34065229 PMCID: PMC8160838 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of composite materials is subject to the desire to overcome polymerization shrinkage and generated polymerization stress. An indicator characterizing the properties of restorative materials, with specific importance for preventing secondary caries, is the integrity and durability of marginal sealing. It is a reflection of the effects of polymerization shrinkage and generated stress. The present study aimed to evaluate and correlate marginal integrity and micropermeability in second-class cavities restored with three different types of composites, representing different strategies to reduce polymerization shrinkage and stress: nanocomposite, silorane, and bulk-fill composite after a ten-month ageing period. Thirty standardized class ΙΙ cavities were prepared on extracted human molars. Gingival margins were 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. Cavities were randomly divided into three groups, based on the composites used: FiltekUltimate-nanocomposite; Filtek Silorane LS-silorane; SonicFill-bulk-fill composite. All specimens were subjected to thermal cycles after that, dipped in saline for 10-mounds. After ageing, samples were immersed in a 2% methylene blue. Thus prepared, they were covered directly with gold and analyzed on SEM for assessment of marginal seal. When the SEM analysis was completed, the teeth were included into epoxy blocks and cut longitudinally on three slices for each cavity. An assessment of microleakage on stereomicroscope followed. Results were statistically analyzed. For marginal seal evaluation: F.Ultimate and F.Silorane differ statistically with more excellent results than SonicFill for marginal adaptation to the gingival margin, located entirely in the dentin. For microleakage evaluation: F.Ultimate and F.Silorane differ statistically with less microleakage than SonicFill. Based on the results obtained: a strong correlation is found between excellent results for marginal adaptation to the marginal gingival ridge and micropermeability at the direction to the axial wall. We observe a more significant influence of time at the gingival margin of the cavities. There is a significant increase in the presence of marginal fissures (p = 0.001). A significant impact of time (p < 0.000) and of the material (p < 0.000) was found in the analysis of the microleakage.
Collapse
|
39
|
Utilizing Light Cure Units: A Concise Narrative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101596. [PMID: 34063428 PMCID: PMC8157231 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of photo-curable resin composite restorations is an essential treatment modality in modern dental practice. The success and longevity of these restorations depend on achieving predictable and effective polymerization. Understanding the dynamics of the polymerization and the effect of light cure units (LCUs) on this process is paramount. The goal of this concise narrative review is to provide a simplified presentation of basic principles of composite chemistry, polymerization reactions, and photo-curing with relevant terminologies. Clinical guidelines for choosing and maintaining LCUs, as well as safety precautions and factors under the control of the clinician are listed. Finally, clinical recommendations of LCUs’ usage and monitoring are included to aid practitioners in achieving predictable polymerization during the placement of direct resin composite restorations.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fugolin AP, Logan MG, Kendall AJ, Ferracane JL, Pfeifer CS. Effect of side-group methylation on the performance of methacrylamides and methacrylates for dentin hybridization. Dent Mater 2021; 37:805-815. [PMID: 33663882 PMCID: PMC8058282 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the bond between polymeric adhesives to mineralized substrates is crucial in many biomedical applications. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of methyl substitution at the α- and β-carbons on the kinetics of polymerization, monomer hydrolytic stability, and long-term bond strength to dentin for methacrylamide- and methacrylate-based crosslinked networks for dental adhesive applications. METHODS Secondary methacrylamides (α-CH3 substituted=1-methyl HEMAM, β-CH3 substituted=2-methyl HEMAM, and unsubstituted=HEMAM) and OH-terminated methacrylates (α- and β-CH3 mixture=1-methyl HEMA and 2-methyl HEMA, and unsubstituted=HEMA) were copolymerized with urethane dimethacrylate. The kinetics of photopolymerization were followed in real-time using near-IR spectroscopy. Monomer hydrolysis kinetics were followed by NMR spectroscopy in water at pH 1 over 30 days. Solvated adhesives (40 vol% ethanol) were used to bond composite to dentin and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) measured after 24h and 6 months storage in water at 37°C. RESULTS The rate of polymerization increased in the following order: OH-terminated methacrylates≥methacrylamides>NH2-terminated methacrylates, with minimal effect of the substitution. Final conversion ranged between 79% for 1-methyl AEMA and 94% for HEMA. 1-methyl-HEMAM showed the highest and most stable μTBS, while HEMA showed a 37% reduction after six months All groups showed measurable degradation after up to 4 days in pH 1, with the methacrylamides showing less degradation than the methacrylates. Additionally, transesterification products were observed in the methacrylamide groups. SIGNIFICANCE Amide monomers were significantly more stable to hydrolysis than the analogous methacrylates. The addition of a α- or β-CH3 groups increased the rate of hydrolysis, with the magnitude of the effect tracking with the expected base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters or amides, but opposite in influence. The α-CH3 substituted secondary methacrylamide, 1-methyl HEMAM, showed the most stable adhesive interface. A side reaction was observed with transesterification of the monomers studied under ambient conditions, which was not expected under the relatively mild conditions used here, which warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Fugolin
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthew G Logan
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander J Kendall
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kelić K, Par M, Peroš K, Šutej I, Tarle Z. Fluoride-Releasing Restorative Materials: The Effect of a Resinous Coat on Ion Release. Acta Stomatol Croat 2021; 54:371-381. [PMID: 33642601 PMCID: PMC7871432 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/4/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of two adhesive systems and a glass ionomer coating resin on fluoride release and concurrent pH changes over a period of 168 days. Material and methods Four restorative materials were investigated: a giomer Beautiful II, an “alkasite” material Cention, a conventional composite Filtek Z250, and a glass ionomer cement Fuji IX Extra. Light-cured composite specimens were coated using G-aenial Bond and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick. Glass ionomer specimens were coated using GC Fuji Coat LC. Uncoated specimens were used as references. Quantitative fluoride release and pH changes were measured after1 h, 24 h, 2 days, 7 days, 28 days, 84 days, and 168 days. Results The cumulative fluoride release after 168 days increased for uncoated specimens in the following order: Filtek Z250 < Beautifil II < Cention < Fuji IX Extra. A comparatively lower fluoride release was measured for the composites coated with Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, with cumulative values after 168 days increasing in the following order: Filtek Z250 < Beautifil II < Cention. The composites coated with G-aenial Bond showed lower fluoride release compared to the uncoated specimens, with cumulative values increasing in the following order: Filtek Z250 < Beautifil II < Cention. The composites coated with G-aenial Bond showed pH values in the acidic range (4.4-5.7) after 1 h and 24 h. Conclusion Fluoride release varied among the investigated restorative materials and depended on the use of dental adhesives and coatings. The pH of all materials, coating types and time points varied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kelić
- Stomatološka poliklinika Zagreb, Perkovčeva ulica 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Peroš
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Šutej
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Haghighi AHS, Emami M, Fakhri E, Rezaei Y. Effects of Orthodontic Adhesives on Dental Enamel Color Alteration Using Chemically Cured and Light-Cured Composites. Front Dent 2021; 17:1-9. [PMID: 33615289 PMCID: PMC7883653 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v17i13.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the color alteration of dental enamel following the use of light-cured and chemically cured composites for bonding of metal brackets. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human premolars divided into five groups (n=12) were included in this study. Metal brackets were bonded using chemically cured (System 1+ and Unite) and light-cured (Transbond XT and Grengloo) composites. The control group remained untreated. After 72 hours of immersion in a staining solution and 24 hours of photoaging, the brackets were debonded, and adhesive remnants were cleaned using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur and polished with Sof-Lex discs. The color was assessed at the baseline and after cleaning procedures in accordance with the CIE L*a*b (lightness, red/green, blue/yellow) color system. Statistical analyses were performed using paired sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The L*, a*, and b* parameters showed a significant increase in all adhesive groups (P<0.001). The experimental groups showed significant color changes (P<0.05), and the mean ΔE ranged from 2.46 to 3.15 units. No significant difference was found between the ΔE of the adhesive groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The enamel color change is influenced by bonding and debonding procedures. Chemically cured and light-cured composites have similar effects on dental enamel color alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Houman Sadr Haghighi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emami
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Fakhri
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yashar Rezaei
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Diemer F, Stark H, Helfgen EH, Enkling N, Probstmeier R, Winter J, Kraus D. In vitro cytotoxicity of different dental resin-cements on human cell lines. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:4. [PMID: 33471194 PMCID: PMC7817560 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive resin-cements are increasingly used in modern dentistry. Nevertheless, released substances from resin materials have been shown to cause cellular toxic effects. Disc-shaped specimens from 12 different resin cements and one conventional zinc phosphate cement were prepared and used for direct stimulation of five different human cell lines via transwell cell culture system or in an indirect way using conditioned cell culture media. Cytotoxicity was determined using LDH and BCA assays. All tested cements led to a decrease of cell viability but to a distinct extent depending on cell type, luting material, and cytotoxicity assay. In general, cements exhibited a more pronounced cytotoxicity in direct stimulation experiments compared to stimulations using conditioned media. Interestingly, the conventional zinc phosphate cement showed the lowest impact on cell viability. On cellular level, highest cytotoxic effects were detected in osteoblastic cell lines. All resin cements reduced cell viability of human cells with significant differences depending on cell type and cement material. Especially, osteoblastic cells demonstrated a tremendous increase of cytotoxicity after cement exposure. Although the results of this in vitro study cannot be transferred directly to a clinical setting, it shows that eluted substances from resin cements may disturb osteoblastic homeostasis that in turn could lead to conditions favoring peri-implant bone destruction. Thus, the wide use of resin cements in every clinical situation should be scrutinized. A correct use with complete removal of all cement residues and a sufficient polymerization should be given the utmost attention in clinical usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya Diemer
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helmut Stark
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst-Heinrich Helfgen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Norbert Enkling
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Probstmeier
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bangera M, Madhyastha P, Bhat K, Padma D, Naik D, Srikant N, Kotian R. Cytotoxicity of Silorane and Methacrylate based Dental Composites on Human Pulp Cells. JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_312_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
45
|
Bationo R, Beugré-Kouassi MLA, Jordana F, Beugré JB. Biodegradation of orthodontic composites by Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro qualitative and quantitative assessment. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.25259/apos_21_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degradation products of orthodontic composites (Grengloo, Blugloo, Transbond XT, and Transbond LR) by Streptococcus mutans and then to quantify the levels of released bisphenol A (BPA) using gas-phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
Materials and Methods:
Orthodontic light-cured composite discs were incubated at 37°C in brain heart infusion (BHI) (control group) and in a culture of S. mutans with BHI (test group). Incubation solutions were collected every 48 h in each group and replaced with fresh solutions. These incubation solutions were accumulated and grouped. The assessment of degradation products from composites was done at 1 and 30 days. Detected BPA was then quantified. The limit of quantification was 0.01 μg/mL.
Results:
Degradation products were present at day 30. For the test group, BPA was detected in Blugloo at day 1 (0.38 μg/mL) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was detected in Grengloo and Transbond LR at day 1.
Conclusion:
S. mutans can hydrolyze long-term orthodontic composites. Monomers such as BPA and TEGDMA may be present in degradation products. It is possible to separate and identify leaching compounds by GC–MS technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Bationo
- Service de Chirurgie Dentaire, CHU de Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | | | | | - Jean-Bertin Beugré
- UFR d’Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dental resin monomers induce early and potent oxidative damage on human odontoblast-like cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109336. [PMID: 33248029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental materials consist of filler particles and different monomers that are light cured in situ to re-establish dental function and aesthetics. Due to the degree of conversion of adhesive polymers, the monomers triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are released in relatively high amounts and are susceptible to degradation, acting as bioactive compounds and affecting cell and tissues. This study aimed to assess the effect of HEMA and TEGDMA exposure on metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and cell survival of human odontoblast-like cell (hOLCs). Exposure to resin monomers for 24 h induced major changes in cell membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and survival, which were measured by the calcein method and lactate dehydrogenase release. Increased and early reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed leading to degradative oxidation of membrane lipids identified as malondialdehyde production. Severe alteration in mitochondria occurred due to transmembrane mitochondrial potential collapse, possibly inducing activation of apoptotic cell death. hOLCs exposure to resin monomers modified the cell redox potential, with consequences on membrane permeability and integrity, including mitochondrial function. Lipid peroxidation appears to be a key phenomenon for the membrane structures oxidation after HEMA and TEGDMA exposure, leading to cell death and cytotoxicity. hOLCs respond early by differential induction of adaptive mechanisms to maintain cell homeostasis. Modulation of oxidative stress-induced response involves the regulation of genes that encode for antioxidant proteins such as catalase and heme oxygenase-1; regulation that functions as a critical protection mechanism against oxidative cell damage induced by HEMA and TEGDMA. Ascorbic acid as an antioxidant substance mitigates the oxidative damage associated with exposure to monomers.
Collapse
|
47
|
Miletic V, Stasic JN, Komlenic V, Petrovic R. Multifactorial analysis of optical properties, sorption, and solubility of sculptable universal composites for enamel layering upon staining in colored beverages. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:943-952. [PMID: 33179862 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of factors 'composite,' 'medium,' and 'time' on color, translucency, and sorption/solubility of sculptable universal composites for enamel layering upon immersion in colored beverages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick (n = 5/group), of ultrafine, hybrid composite Essentia (GC), microhybrid Gaenial Anterior (GC), nanofilled Filtek Ultimate Enamel and Body ( 3M ESPE) were immersed in red wine, coffee, or distilled water for 15 days. CIELab color coordinates were measured and CIEDE2000 (∆E00 ) and Translucency Parameter differences (∆TP00 ) were calculated. Sorption and solubility were determined according to ISO 4049:2009. Data were analyzed using the analyses of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Essentia and Gaenial exhibited the lowest and the highest staining-dependent color differences, with mean ∆E00 range of 1.7-6.1 and 5.1-11.3, respectively (p < 0.05). ∆TP00 was more pronounced in wine than in coffee (p < 0.05). Sorption and solubility varied between 9.8 and 15.3 μg/mm3 and -1.6 and -5.4 μg/mm3 , respectively, with positive correlation between ∆TP00 and sorption (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Total color and translucency differences of sculptable composites for enamel layering were material-, time- and medium-dependent. Translucency differences positively correlated with sorption. Overall, the ultrafine, hybrid composite exhibited the best results in terms of color stability, sorption and solubility. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians should be aware of differences in color stability of sculptable composites for enamel layering as these are directly exposed to discoloration in the oral environment and are directly related to patients' long-term satisfaction and restoration longevity. Ultrafine, hybrid composite may be preferred due to better color stability, lower sorption and solubility compared to nanofilled and microhybrid composites evaluated in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Miletic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana N Stasic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Komlenic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Renata Petrovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, DentalNet Research Group, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Antimicrobial antidegradative dental adhesive preserves restoration-tooth bond. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1666-1679. [PMID: 33183773 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the ability of an antimicrobial drug-releasing resin adhesive, containing octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT)-silica co-assembled particles (DSPs), to enhance the biostability and preserve the interfacial fracture toughness (FT) of composite restorations bonded to dentin. Enzyme-catalyzed degradation compromises the dental restoration-tooth interface, increasing cariogenic bacterial infiltration. In addition to bacterial ingress inhibition, antimicrobial-releasing adhesives may exhibit direct interfacial biodegradation inhibition as an additional benefit. METHODS Mini short-rod restoration bonding specimens with total-etch adhesive with/without 10% wt. DSPs were made. Interfacial fracture toughness (FT) was measured as-manufactured or post-incubation in simulated human salivary esterase (SHSE) for up to 6-months. Effect of OCT on SHSE and whole saliva/bacterial enzyme activity was assessed. Release of OCT outside the restoration interface was assessed. RESULTS No deleterious effect of DSPs on initial bonding capacity was observed. Aging specimens in SHSE reduced FT of control but not DSP-adhesive-bonded specimens. OCT inhibited SHSE degradation of adhesive monomer and may inhibit endogenous proteases. OCT inhibited bacterial esterase and collagenase. No endogenous collagen breakdown was detected in the present study. OCT increased human saliva degradative esterase activity below its minimum inhibitory concentration towards S. mutans (MIC), but inhibited degradation above MIC. OCT release outside restoration margins was below detection. SIGNIFICANCE DSP-adhesive preserves the restoration bond through a secondary enzyme-inhibitory effect of released OCT, which is virtually confined to the restoration interface microgap. Enzyme activity modulation may produce a positive-to-negative feedback switch, by increasing OCT concentration via biodegradation-triggered release to an effective dose, then subsequently slowing degradation and degradation-triggered release.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kaufman G, Skrtic D. N-Acetyl Cysteine Modulates the Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses of Rescued Growth-Arrested Dental Pulp Microtissues Exposed to TEGDMA in ECM. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197318. [PMID: 33023018 PMCID: PMC7582816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is exposed to resin monomers leaching from capping materials. Toxic doses of the monomer, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), impact cell growth, enhance inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and lead to tissue necrosis. A therapeutic agent is required to rescue growth-arrested tissues by continuing their development and modulating the exacerbated responses. The functionality of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) as a treatment was assessed by employing a 3D dental pulp microtissue platform. Immortalized and primary microtissues developed and matured in the extracellular matrix (ECM). TEGDMA was introduced at various concentrations. NAC was administered simultaneously with TEGDMA, before or after monomer addition during the development and after the maturation stages of the microtissue. Spatial growth was validated by confocal microscopy and image processing. Levels of inflammatory (COX2, NLRP3, IL-8) and oxidative stress (GSH, Nrf2) markers were quantified by immunoassays. NAC treatments, in parallel with TEGDMA challenge or post-challenge, resumed the growth of the underdeveloped microtissues and protected mature microtissues from deterioration. Growth recovery correlated with the alleviation of both responses by decreasing significantly the intracellular and extracellular levels of the markers. Our 3D/ECM-based dental pulp platform is an efficient tool for drug rescue screening. NAC supports compromised microtissues development, and immunomodulates and maintains the oxidative balance.
Collapse
|
50
|
Monteiro RV, Dos Santos DM, Bernardon JK, De Souza GM. Effect of surface treatment on the retention of zirconia crowns to tooth structure after aging. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 32:699-706. [PMID: 32627364 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the retention between zirconia crowns and tooth structure after in vitro aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human third molars (n = 44) received crown preparations and CAD/CAM zirconia crowns were manufactured. Specimens were divided into two groups: no aging, control (NAC, n = 11) or aging (A, n = 33). NAC were bonded with universal adhesive (UA). Aged specimens were divided into three subgroups (n = 11) according to surface treatment: Control: no abrasion + UA; Alumina: alumina abrasion + UA; Silica: tribochemical silica coating + UA. The crowns were cemented with dual-cure resin cement. Specimens in group A were aged by a combination of mechanical, thermal, and pH cycling. Retention strength values were obtained by tensile tests and results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (P < .05). RESULTS Aging decreased the retention strength in control specimens (P < .001). Surface treatment improved the retention strength of aged specimens (P < .001), with similar results between alumina and tribochemical silica coating. CONCLUSION The chemical interaction between the universal bonding system and zirconia's surface was not sufficient to withstand artificial aging. Tribochemical silica coating did not promote additional retention in comparison to alumina blasting. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The long-term retention of translucent zirconia crowns to tooth structure using phosphate-based materials is improved by means of mechanical surface treatments such as alumina blasting and tribochemical silica coating.
Collapse
|