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Tamaño-Machiavello M, Carvalho E, Correia D, Cordón L, Lanceros-Méndez S, Sempere A, Sabater i Serra R, Ribelles JG. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on electroactive substrates. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28880. [PMID: 38601667 PMCID: PMC11004758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of electroactivity and electrical charge distribution on the biological response of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) cultured in monolayer on flat poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, substrates. Differences in cell behaviour, including proliferation, expression of multipotency markers CD90, CD105 and CD73, and expression of genes characteristic of different mesenchymal lineages, were observed both during expansion in basal medium before reaching confluence and in confluent cultures in osteogenic induction medium. The crystallisation of PVDF in the electrically neutral α-phase or in the electroactive phase β, both unpoled and poled, has been found to have an important influence on the biological response. In addition, the presence of a permanent positive or negative surface electrical charge distribution in phase β substrates has also shown a significant effect on cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.N. Tamaño-Machiavello
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - E.O. Carvalho
- Centre of Physics, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - D. Correia
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - L. Cordón
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, València, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Lanceros-Méndez
- Centre of Physics, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A. Sempere
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, València, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, València, Spain
| | - R. Sabater i Serra
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J.L. Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Eom T, Nam TJ. Calcium absorption by Alaska pollock surimi protein hydrolysate promotes osteoblast differentiation. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2482-2493. [PMID: 38369943 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The calcium-binding capacity and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were studied in Alaska pollock surimi hydrolysate (APSH) using a system that mimics the gastrointestinal digestive system. Evaluation of the calcium absorption-promoting ability of APSH revealed that the best calcium-binding ability was achieved after hydrolysis with a combination of pepsin, α-chymotrypsin, and trypsin, and separation into <3 kDa (APSH-I), 3-5 kDa (APSH-II), 5-10 kDa (APSH-III), and <10 kDa (APSH-IV) fractions. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the hydrolysate and calcium ions formed a complex. Comparison of the calcium absorption capacity using Caco-2 cells showed that calcium absorption was promoted by these hydrolysates. Measurement of the osteoblast activation revealed higher alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization effect for the low-molecular-weight hydrolysate (LMH) than for the other hydrolysates. In addition, LMH promoted the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -4, which are hormones related to bone formation. Expression of the Runx2 transcription factor, which regulates the expression of these hormones, also increased. These results suggest that Alaska pollock surimi protein hydrolysates prepared using a system that mimics gastrointestinal hydrolysis may result in better osteoblast proliferation and bone health than those prepared using other proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeKil Eom
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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Tsolakis IA, Christopoulou I, Sitaras S, Lyros I, Rontogianni A, Dalampira M, Tsolakis AI. Molecular and Biological Aspects of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Possibilities for Bioengineering Intervention: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1275. [PMID: 38002399 PMCID: PMC10669634 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current review's goal is to examine, with a critical eye, the effect of various biomedical parameters on orthodontic tooth movement in an attempt to provide the reader with related mechanisms of this issue focusing on certain key points. METHODS This critical review was conducted using the following keywords in the search strategy: "biomedical molecules", "biomarkers", "orthodontics", "orthodontic tooth movement", "acceleration", "gene therapy", and "stem cells". Cochrane Library, Medline (PubMed), and Scopus were the databases that were used for the electronic search. Studies published until June 2023 were considered. RESULTS The use of biomedical approaches in orthodontic tooth movement has been investigated via different procedures and applications. Surgical approaches, biomarkers affecting orthodontic tooth movement, different biological events and mechanisms, RANK, RANK-L, OPG molecular triad, and vibration methods are the basic parameters of biomedical interventions that are examined in the present review. CONCLUSIONS The biomedical approach seems to offer a variety of applications to control orthodontic tooth movement. The scarcity of human studies, as well as the high cost and complexity of these methods, currently limit the available accurate data concerning this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Isidora Christopoulou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Symeon Sitaras
- Private Practice, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Aliki Rontogianni
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria Dalampira
- Private Practice, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
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Petrocelli G, Abruzzo PM, Pampanella L, Tassinari R, Marini S, Zamagni E, Ventura C, Facchin F, Canaider S. Oxytocin Modulates Osteogenic Commitment in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10813. [PMID: 37445991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are commonly harvested in minimally invasive contexts with few ethical concerns, and exhibit self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and trophic signaling that make them attractive candidates for cell therapy approaches. The identification of natural molecules that can modulate their biological properties is a challenge for many researchers. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neurohypophyseal hormone that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mammalian behavior, and is involved in health and well-being processes. Here, we investigated the role of OXT on hASC proliferation, migratory ability, senescence, and autophagy after a treatment of 72 h; OXT did not affect hASC proliferation and migratory ability. Moreover, we observed an increase in SA-β-galactosidase activity, probably related to the promotion of the autophagic process. In addition, the effects of OXT were evaluated on the hASC differentiation ability; OXT promoted osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by Alizarin red staining and gene/protein expression analysis, while it did not affect or reduce adipogenic differentiation. We also observed an increase in the expression of autophagy marker genes at the beginning of the osteogenic process in OXT-treated hASCs, leading us to hypothesize that OXT could promote osteogenesis in hASCs by modulating the autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovannamaria Petrocelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Provvidenza Maria Abruzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pampanella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Serena Marini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Zamagni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB) c/o Eldor Lab, Via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Canaider
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Cheng Y, Li F, Xiao X, Zou S, Chen J. “Effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone on cementoblast‐mediated periodontal repair”. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1747-1756. [PMID: 35254692 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone on cementoblast-mediated periodontal repair in the context of orthodontic-induced root resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of orthodontic-induced root resorption was established. Sixty rats were randomly allocated into the experiment group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30), either receiving a daily subcutaneous injection of recombinant human PTH or placebo vehicle. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect the periodontal repair. In vitro, OCCM-30 cells were exposed to intermittent PTH (incubated with PTH for the first 6 h in each 24-h cycle). After three cycles, flow cytometry assay, alkaline phosphatase staining, and Alizarin red staining were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to further determine the effects of intermittent PTH. RESULTS Intermittent PTH-responsive repair enhancement was detected with the expression of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, collagen-1, and alkaline phosphatase significantly upregulated. Increased expressions of cementoblastic proteins were positively correlated to cycles of PTH administration. The proportion of cementoblasts in S and G2/M phases was increased; namely, intermittent PTH promoted cementoblast cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent parathyroid hormone administration promotes cementoblast-mediated cementogenesis during periodontal repair in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical school of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Institute of Dental Research and Department of Orthodontics Beijing Stomatological Hospital School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Chen D, Kim S, Lee S, Lee JM, Choi YJ, Shin SJ, Jung HS, Kim E. The Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Osteogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Endod 2021; 47:1767-1774. [PMID: 34492230 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Appropriate occlusal forces can prevent ankylosis after tooth replantation or transplantation. However, the "proper occlusal forces" on periodontal ligament (PDL) healing have not yet been defined due to insufficient in vitro studies and uncertain in vitro models. Herein, we presented a mechanical vibration device as an in vitro model to determine such favorable occlusal forces. METHODS Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were exposed to mechanical vibration force with 4 frequencies (30, 90, 150, and 210 rpm). Cell viability and the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins were tested in vitro. The calvarial transplantation experiment was performed to assess the bone formation ability of 150 rpm mechanical vibration stimulation (MVS). RESULTS MVS at 150 and 210 rpm significantly reduced cell viability in the early stages. The 150-rpm MVS decreased osteogenic marker expression at the early time point (3 days) but had no harmful effects at the late time point (14 days). Furthermore, hPDLSC cell sheets treated with 150-rpm MVS had potential to decrease bone formation in rat calvarial defects serendipitously and facilitated functional PDL-like tissue formation. CONCLUSIONS We found that MVS at a frequency of 150 rpm could provide a strategy for a transient reduction in the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs and promote PDL-like tissue formation. Thus, 150-rpm MVS could be used as a controllable proper occlusal force to prevent ankylosis and promote PDL healing after tooth replantation or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzi Chen
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukjoon Lee
- Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea.
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Miyazaki T, Kurimoto R, Chiba T, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Tsutsumi H, Takada K, Yagasaki L, Kato T, Shishido K, Kobayashi Y, Matsumoto T, Moriyama K, Asahara H. Mkx regulates the orthodontic tooth movement via osteoclast induction. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:780-786. [PMID: 33988755 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in orthodontic tooth movement; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We have previously reported that the Mohawk homeobox (Mkx), a tendon-specific transcription factor, is expressed in the PDL and regulates its homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the role of Mkx in orthodontic tooth movement via bone remodeling induced by mechanical stimulation in Mkx-deficient rats, which are widely used as experimental animals for orthodontic force application. Orthodontic tooth movement of the maxillary first molar was performed in 7-week-old male Mkx-deficient rats (n = 4) and wild-type Wistar rats (n = 4) using coil springs for 14 days. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were performed to evaluate morphological changes and osteoclasts. Furthermore, changes in the expression of receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were demonstrated using immunostaining. RESULTS The amount of tooth movement was significantly lower in Mkx-deficient rats than in wild-type rats. The number of TRAP-positive cells was suppressed in Mkx-deficient rats on the compression side. CONCLUSION Orthodontic tooth movement experiments in Mkx-deficient rats suggested that Mkx is involved in osteoclast induction at the alveolar bone surface on the compression side. This study reveals the possibility that Mkx plays a mechanosensory role in orthodontic tooth movement by inducing RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Miyazaki
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hiroki Tsutsumi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacilal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Shishido
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiho Kobayashi
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsumoto
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Katayama T, Sato T, Hamada N, Goda S, Yamaguchi T, Tsukinoki K, Handa K. Effects of Jixueteng on Experimental Periodontitis During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, natural ingredients have focused on the inhibition of bacteria-induced alveolar bone resorption in orthodontic treatment. Jixueteng (Jix), a Chinese traditional medicine, contains several kinds of flavonoids given their biological properties. We evaluated the effects of Jix on experimental periodontitis during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats. To this end, 9-week-old male Wistar rats, which were equipped with orthodontic appliance, were orally infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), while Jix was administered in their drinking water. A total of 28 days after the beginning of OTM, alveolar bone resorption on the right side of the upper jaws was scanned with micro-computed tomography. These were also used as histological specimens and underwent tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted as osteoclasts. As a result, the distance of tooth movement in the OTM and Pg infection with Jix administration (OTM + Pg + Jix) group was the same as that of the sham-infected group. The amount of bone resorption and number of osteoclasts in the OTM + Pg + Jix group was more significantly decreased than that in the OTM and Pg-infected group ( P < 0.05). Hence, Jix had little effect on OTM and inhibited Pg-induced alveolar bone destruction. We suggested that the administration of Jix can support tooth movement and contribute to the prevention of periodontitis during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Katayama
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takenori Sato
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Goda
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Handa
- Division of Oral Biochemistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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El-Gendy R, Junaid S, Lam SKL, Elson KM, Tipper JL, Hall RM, Ingham E, Kirkham J. Developing a Tooth in situ Organ Culture Model for Dental and Periodontal Regeneration Research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:581413. [PMID: 33537288 PMCID: PMC7848152 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.581413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we have realized the need for an organ culture tooth in situ model to simulate the tooth structure especially the tooth attachment apparatus. The importance of such a model is to open avenues for investigating regeneration of the complex tooth and tooth attachment tissues and to reduce the need for experimental animals in investigating dental materials and treatments in the future. The aim of this study was to develop a porcine tooth in situ organ culture model and a novel bioreactor suitable for future studies of periodontal regeneration, including application of appropriate physiological loading. The Objectives of this study was to establish tissue viability, maintenance of tissue structure, and model sterility after 1 and 4 days of culture. To model diffusion characteristics within the organ culture system and design and develop a bioreactor that allows tooth loading and simulation of the chewing cycle. Methods: Twenty-one porcine first molars were dissected aseptically in situ within their bony sockets. Twelve were used to optimize sterility and determine tissue viability. The remainder were used in a 4-day organ culture study in basal medium. Sterility was determined for medium samples and swabs taken from all tissue components, using standard aerobic and anaerobic microbiological cultures. Tissue viability was determined at days 1 and 4 using an XTT assay and Glucose consumption assays. Maintenance of structure was confirmed using histology and histomorphometric analysis. Diffusion characteristics were investigated using micro-CT combined with finite element modeling. A suitable bioreactor was designed to permit longer term culture with application of mechanical loading to the tooth in situ. Result: XTT and Glucose consumption assays confirmed viability throughout the culture period for all tissues investigated. Histological and histomorphometric analysis confirmed maintenance of tissue structure. Clear microbiological cultures indicated maintenance of sterility within the organ culture system. The novel bioreactor showed no evidence of medium contamination after 4 days of culture. Finite element modeling indicated nutrient availability to the periodontium. Conclusion: A whole tooth in situ organ culture system was successfully maintained over 4 days in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sarah Junaid
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen K. L. Lam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Elson
- Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (IMBE), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L. Tipper
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (IMBE), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard M. Hall
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Ingham
- Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (IMBE), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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10
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Chang M, Lin H, Fu H, Wang J, Yang Y, Wan Z, Han G. CREB activation affects mesenchymal stem cell migration and differentiation in periodontal tissues due to orthodontic force. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105862. [PMID: 33045372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During the orthodontic tooth movement, cells in periodontal ligament could differentiate into osteoblasts to synthesize alveolar bone as well as affect the proliferation, migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which also contribute to bone remodeling. However, the mechanism is still largely elusive. Here, we evaluated the expression of CREB at the tension site of mouse periodontal ligament under orthodontic mechanical strain and in the cyclic tension strain treated human periodontal ligament cells. Then, through gain and loss of function analysis, we revealed that CREB in PDLCs promotes SDF-1 and FGF2 secretion, which enhance the migration and osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. We further discovered that CREB transcriptionally activates FGF2 and SDF-1 expressions by binding to the promoter regions.In conclusion, this study confirms that CREB is an upregulated gene in periodontal ligament under orthodontic tension strain stimulation and plays an important role in regulating BMSCs' physiological activity in orthodontic tension strain-induced bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Chang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haidi Fu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqiu Wan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangli Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Wang B, Kim K, Srirangapatanam S, Ustriyana P, Wheelis SE, Fakra S, Kang M, Rodrigues DC, Ho SP. Mechanoadaptive strain and functional osseointegration of dental implants in rats. Bone 2020; 137:115375. [PMID: 32335376 PMCID: PMC7822628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal implant-bone biomechanics and mechanoadaptive strains in peri-implant tissue are poorly understood. Physical and chemical characteristics of an implant-bone complex (IBC) were correlated in three-dimensional space (along the length and around a dental implant) to gather insights into time related integration of the implant with the cortical portion of a jaw bone in a rat. Rats (N = 9) were divided into three experimental groups with three rats per time point; 3-, 11-, and 24-day. All rats were fed crumbled hard pellets mixed with water (soft-food diet) for the first 3 days followed by a hard-food diet with intact hard-food pellets (groups of 11- and 24-day only). Biomechanics of the IBCs harvested from rats at each time point was evaluated by performing mechanical testing in situ in tandem with X-ray imaging. The effect of physical association (contact area) of a loaded implant with adapting peri-implant tissue, and resulting strain within was mapped by using digital volume correlation (DVC) technique. The IBC stiffness at respective time points was correlated with mechanical strain in peri-implant tissue. Results illustrated that IBC stiffness at 11-day was lower than that observed at 3-day. However, at 24-day, IBC stiffness recovered to that which was observed at 3-day. Correlative microscopy and spectroscopy illustrated that the lower IBC stiffness was constituted by softer and less mineralized peri-implant tissue that contained varying expressions of osteoconductive elements. Lower IBC stiffness observed at 11-day was constituted by less mineralized peri-implant tissue with osteoconductive elements that included phosphorus (P) which was co-localized with higher expression of zinc (Zn), and lower expression of calcium (Ca). Higher IBC stiffness at 24-day was constituted by mineralized peri-implant tissue with higher expressions of osteoconductive elements including Ca and P, and lower expressions of Zn. These spatiotemporal correlative maps of peri-implant tissue architecture, heterogeneous distribution of mineral density, and elemental colocalization underscore mechanoadaptive physicochemical properties of peri-implant tissue that facilitate functional osseointegration of an implant. These results provided insights into 1) plausible "prescription" of mechanical loads as an osteoinductive "therapeutic dose" to encourage osteoconductive elements in the peri-implant tissue that would facilitate functional osseointegration of the implant; 2) a "critical temporal window" between 3 and 11 days, and perhaps it is this acute phase during which key candidate regenerative molecules can be harnessed to accelerate osseointegration of an implant under load.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - K Kim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - S Srirangapatanam
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - P Ustriyana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - S E Wheelis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, United States of America
| | - S Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - M Kang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - D C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, United States of America
| | - S P Ho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America.
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12
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Aonuma T, Tamamura N, Fukunaga T, Sakai Y, Takeshita N, Shigemi S, Yamashiro T, Thesleff I, Takano-Yamamoto T. Delayed tooth movement in Runx2 +/- mice associated with mTORC2 in stretch-induced bone formation. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100285. [PMID: 32509933 PMCID: PMC7264061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation, and is activated by mechanical stress to promote osteoblast function. Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is caused by mutations of RUNX2, and CCD patients exhibit malocclusion and often need orthodontic treatment. However, treatment is difficult because of impaired tooth movement, the reason of which has not been clarified. We examined the amount of experimental tooth movement in Runx2+/− mice, the animal model of CCD, and investigated bone formation on the tension side of experimental tooth movement in vivo. Continuous stretch was conducted to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as an in vitro model of the tension side of tooth movement. Compared to wild-type littermates the Runx2+/− mice exhibited delayed experimental tooth movement, and osteoid formation and osteocalcin (OSC) mRNA expression were impaired in osteoblasts on the tension side of tooth movement. Runx2 heterozygous deficiency delayed stretch-induced increase of DNA content in BMSCs, and also delayed and reduced stretch-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, OSC mRNA expression, and calcium content of BMSCs in osteogenic medium. Furthermore Runx2+/− mice exhibited delayed and suppressed expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor), essential factors of mTORC2, which is regulated by Runx2 to phosphorylate Akt to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, in osteoblasts on the tension side of tooth movement in vivo and in vitro. Loss of half Runx2 gene dosage inhibited stretch-induced PI3K dependent mTORC2/Akt activity to promote BMSCs proliferation. Furthermore, Runx2+/− BMSCs in osteogenic medium exhibited delayed and suppressed stretch-induced expression of mTOR and Rictor. mTORC2 regulated stretch-elevated Runx2 and ALP mRNA expression in BMSCs in osteogenic medium. We conclude that Runx2+/− mice present a useful model of CCD patients for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms in bone remodeling during tooth movement, and that Runx2 plays a role in stretch-induced proliferation and osteogenesis in BMSCs via mTORC2 activation. Experimental tooth movement is delayed in Runx2+/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Runx2 plays a role in stretch-induced proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs via mTORC2 activation. Runx2+/− mice are useful model to clarify the mechanical stress-induced bone remodeling in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Aonuma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nagato Tamamura
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukunaga
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakai
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takeshita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shohei Shigemi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, POB56, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
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13
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Hwang OK, Noh YW, Hong JT, Lee JW. Hypoxia Pretreatment Promotes Chondrocyte Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:335-350. [PMID: 32451775 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are attractive multipotent stem cell sources with therapeutic potential in various fields requiring repair and regeneration, such as acute and chronically damaged tissues. ADSC is suitable for cell-based therapy, but its use has been hampered due to poor survival after administration. Potential therapeutic use of ADSC requires mass production of cells through in vitro expansion. Many studies have consistently observed the tendency of senescence by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation upon expansion. Hypoxia has been reported to improve stem cell proliferation and survival. METHODS We investigated the effects of hypoxia pretreatment on ADCS proliferation, migration capacity, differentiation potential and cytokine production. We also analyzed the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs by hypoxia pretreatment. RESULTS Hypoxia pretreatment increased the proliferation of ADSCs by increasing VEGF levels. Interestingly, hypoxia pretreatment significantly increased chondrogenic differentiation but decreased osteogenic differentiation compared to normoxia. The osteogenic differentiation of ADSC was decreased by the addition of VEGF but increased by the depletion of VEGF. We have shown that hypoxia pretreatment increases the chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs while reducing osteogenic differentiation in a VEGF-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results show that hypoxia pretreatment can provide useful information for studies that require selective inhibition of osteogenic differentiation, such as cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Kyung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woock Noh
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Wook Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kim K, Kang HE, Yook JI, Yu HS, Kim E, Cha JY, Choi YJ. Transcriptional Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Subjected to Orthodontic Force: An RNA-Sequencing Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020358. [PMID: 32012982 PMCID: PMC7073659 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the changes in gene expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells following mechanical stimulus through RNA sequencing. In this study, premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were used. To stimulate the PDL cells, an orthodontic force of 100× g was applied to the premolar (experimental group; n = 11), whereas the tooth on the other side was left untreated (control group; n = 11). After the PDL cells were isolated from the extracted teeth, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, and real-time PCR were performed to compare the two groups. GSEA demonstrated that gene sets related to the cell cycle pathway were upregulated in PDL. Thirteen upregulated and twenty downregulated genes were found through DEG analysis. Real-time PCR results confirmed that five upregulated genes (CC2D1B, CPNE3, OPHN1, TANGO2, and UAP-1) and six downregulated genes (MYOM2, PPM1F, PCDP1, ATP2A1, GPR171, and RP1-34H18.1-1) were consistent with RNA sequencing results. We suggest that, from among these eleven genes, two upregulated genes, CPNE3 and OPHN1, and one downregulated gene, PPM1F, play an important role in PDL regeneration in humans when orthodontic force is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunam Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- Vatech Co., Ltd. Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18449, Korea;
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Seog Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (H.-S.Y.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3101; Fax: +82-2-363-3404
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15
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Genetic polymorphisms influence gene expression of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the early phases of orthodontic tooth movement. Odontology 2019; 108:493-502. [PMID: 31741103 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms could be involved in the individual rate of OTM (orthodontic tooth movement) corresponding to the clinical phenomenon of "slow movers" and "fast movers". This study evaluated, if genetic polymorphisms in RANK, RANKL, OPG, COX2 and IL6 are associated with the expression of RANKL, OPG, COX2 and IL6 by human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts during OTM. Primary hPDL fibroblasts from periodontal connective tissue of teeth extracted from 57 human subjects for medical reasons were collected, isolated, cultivated and characterized. To simulate orthodontic forces in PDL pressure areas, a physiological compressive force of 2 g/cm2 was applied to the hPDL fibroblasts under cell culture conditions at 70% confluency for 48 h, using a glass disc. Thereafter we analysed relative expression of RANKL, OPG, COX2 and IL6 by RT-qPCR. We also performed genotyping analysis of seven genetic polymorphisms in RANK, RANKL, OPG, COX2 and IL6. Relative gene expression was compared among the genotypes. The genotype TT in polymorphism rs9594738 (RANKL) had a higher RANKL expression in the recessive model (p = 0.021; TT vs. CT + CC). For polymorphism rs9594738 (RANKL), in the recessive model, TT was associated with a higher RANKL/OPG expression ratio (p = 0.013; TT vs. CT + CC). In the dominant model, GG genotype in rs5275 (COX2) was associated with a lower gene expression of COX2 (p = 0.04; GG vs. AA + AG). Genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with OTM affect the relative force-induced upregulation of these genes in hPDL fibroblasts.
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16
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Jiang X, Savchenko O, Li Y, Qi S, Yang T, Zhang W, Chen J. A Review of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for Therapeutic Applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2704-2718. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2889669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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George D, Wagner D, Bolender Y, Laheurte P, Piotrowski B, Didier P, Bensidhoum M, Herbert V, Spingarn C, Rémond Y. A preliminary approach in the prediction of orthodontic bone remodeling by coupling experiments, theory and numerical models. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1713479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel George
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Wagner
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Bolender
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Paul Didier
- University of Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, Metz, France
| | | | - Valentin Herbert
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE, Strasbourg, France
- Strasbourg University Hospital, Medicine and Bucco-dental Surgery, Dento-facial Orthopedy, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Yves Rémond
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Mortada I, Mortada R. Dental pulp stem cells and osteogenesis: an update. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1479-1486. [PMID: 29938380 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells constitute an attractive source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells owing to their high proliferation rate and multilineage differentiation potential. Osteogenesis is initiated by osteoblasts, which originate from mesenchymal stem cells. These cells express specific surface antigens that disappear gradually during osteodifferentiation. In parallel, the appearance of characteristic markers, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, osteocalcin and osteopontin characterize the osteoblastic phenotype of dental pulp stem cells. This review will shed the light on the osteogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells and explore the culture medium components, and markers associated with osteodifferentiation of these cells.
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19
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Yamamoto T, Ugawa Y, Kawamura M, Yamashiro K, Kochi S, Ideguchi H, Takashiba S. Modulation of microenvironment for controlling the fate of periodontal ligament cells: the role of Rho/ROCK signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:369-378. [PMID: 29086204 PMCID: PMC5842188 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells behave in a variety of ways when they perceive changes in their microenvironment; the behavior of cells is guided by their coordinated interactions with growth factors, niche cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Modulation of the microenvironment affects the cell morphology and multiple gene expressions. Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling is one of the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and actively and/or passively determines the cell fate, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis, by reciprocal communication with the microenvironment. During periodontal wound healing, it is important to recruit the residential stem cells into the defect site for regeneration and homeostasis of the periodontal tissue. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells contain a heterogeneous fibroblast population, including mesenchymal stem cells, and contribute to the reconstruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Therefore, bio-regeneration of PDL cells has been the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy for decades. Recent stem cell researches have shed light on intrinsic ECM properties, providing paradigm shifts in cell fate determination. This review focuses on the role of ROCK activity and the effects of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, in the modulation of ECM-microenvironment. Further, it presents the current understanding of how Rho/ROCK signaling affects the fate determination of stem cells, especially PDL cells. In addition, we have also discussed in detail the underlying mechanisms behind the reciprocal response to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugawa
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kochi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ideguchi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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20
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Yang CY, Jeon HH, Alshabab A, Lee YJ, Chung CH, Graves DT. RANKL deletion in periodontal ligament and bone lining cells blocks orthodontic tooth movement. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29483595 PMCID: PMC5944595 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-017-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone remodeling process in response to orthodontic forces requires the activity of osteoclasts to allow teeth to move in the direction of the force applied. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for this process although its cellular source in response to orthodontic forces has not been determined. Orthodontic tooth movement is considered to be an aseptic inflammatory process that is stimulated by leukocytes including T and B lymphocytes which are presumed to stimulate bone resorption. We determined whether periodontal ligament and bone lining cells were an essential source of RANKL by tamoxifen induced deletion of RANKL in which Cre recombinase was driven by a 3.2 kb reporter element of the Col1α1 gene in experimental mice (Col1α1.CreERTM+.RANKLf/f) and compared results with littermate controls (Col1α1.CreERTM-.RANKLf/f). By examination of Col1α1.CreERTM+.ROSA26 reporter mice we showed tissue specificity of tamoxifen induced Cre recombinase predominantly in the periodontal ligament and bone lining cells. Surprisingly we found that most of the orthodontic tooth movement and formation of osteoclasts was blocked in the experimental mice, which also had a reduced periodontal ligament space. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that RANKL produced by periodontal ligament and bone lining cells provide the major driving force for tooth movement and osteoclastogenesis in response to orthodontic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Alshabab
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chun-Hsi Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Lin JD, Jang AT, Kurylo MP, Hurng J, Yang F, Yang L, Pal A, Chen L, Ho SP. Periodontal ligament entheses and their adaptive role in the context of dentoalveolar joint function. Dent Mater 2017; 33:650-666. [PMID: 28476202 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dynamic bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joint consists of two adaptive functionally graded interfaces (FGI), the PDL-bone and PDL-cementum that respond to mechanical strain transmitted during mastication. In general, from a materials and mechanics perspective, FGI prevent catastrophic failure during prolonged cyclic loading. This review is a discourse of results gathered from literature to illustrate the dynamic adaptive nature of the fibrous joint in response to physiologic and pathologic simulated functions, and experimental tooth movement. METHODS Historically, studies have investigated soft to hard tissue transitions through analytical techniques that provided insights into structural, biochemical, and mechanical characterization methods. Experimental approaches included two dimensional to three dimensional advanced in situ imaging and analytical techniques. These techniques allowed mapping and correlation of deformations to physicochemical and mechanobiological changes within volumes of the complex subjected to concentric and eccentric loading regimes respectively. RESULTS Tooth movement is facilitated by mechanobiological activity at the interfaces of the fibrous joint and generates elastic discontinuities at these interfaces in response to eccentric loading. Both concentric and eccentric loads mediated cellular responses to strains, and prompted self-regulating mineral forming and resorbing zones that in turn altered the functional space of the joint. SIGNIFICANCE A multiscale biomechanics and mechanobiology approach is important for correlating joint function to tissue-level strain-adaptive properties with overall effects on joint form as related to physiologic and pathologic functions. Elucidating the shift in localization of biomolecules specifically at interfaces during development, function, and therapeutic loading of the joint is critical for developing "functional regeneration and adaptation" strategies with an emphasis on restoring physiologic joint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Lin
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Andrew T Jang
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Michael P Kurylo
- South of Market Health Center, San Francisco, CA 94103, United States
| | - Jonathan Hurng
- Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Feifei Yang
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Lynn Yang
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Arvin Pal
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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Zhang YY, Huang YP, Zhao HX, Zhang T, Chen F, Liu Y. Cementogenesis is inhibited under a mechanical static compressive force via Piezo1. Angle Orthod 2017; 87:618-624. [PMID: 28418701 DOI: 10.2319/110616-799.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Piezo1, a mechanotransduction gene mediates the cementogenic activity of cementoblasts under a static mechanical compressive force. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine cementoblasts (OCCM-30) were exposed to a 2.0 g/cm2 static compressive force for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Then the expression profile of Piezo1 and the cementogenic activity markers osteoprotegerin (Opg), osteopontin (Opn), osteocalcin (Oc), and protein tyrosine phosphataselike member A (Ptpla) were analyzed. Opg, Opn, Oc, and Ptpla expression was further measured after using siRNA to knock down Piezo1. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and cell proliferation assays were performed according to standard procedures. RESULTS After mechanical stimulation, cell morphology and proliferation did not change significantly. The expression of Piezo1, Opg, Opn, Oc, and Ptpla was significantly decreased, with a high positive correlation between Opg and Piezo1 expression. After Piezo1 knockdown, the expression of Opg, Opn, Oc, and Ptpla was further decreased under mechanical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Cementogenic activity was inhibited in OCCM-30 cells under static mechanical force, a process that was partially mediated by the decrease of Piezo1. This study provides a new viewpoint of the pathogenesis mechanism of orthodontically induced root resorption and repair.
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Wagner D, Bolender Y, Rémond Y, George D. Mechanical equilibrium of forces and moments applied on orthodontic brackets of a dental arch: Correlation with literature data on two and three adjacent teeth. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S169-S177. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-171638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Wagner
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Strasbourg, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Bolender
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Strasbourg, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Rémond
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel George
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
The tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex acts symbiotically to dissipate the mechanical loads incurred during mastication and/or orthodontic tooth movement. The periodontal ligament functions both in the tension and compression. At the molecular and celleular levels, the loads in the periodontal ligament trigger mechanobiological events in the alveolar bone, which leads to bone modeling and remodeling. The current review focuses on the bone response to mechanical loading of the periodontal ligament on the tension and pressure sides. Understanding the bone response has major implications for dentistry, including a better understanding of the different types of orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Hermes Dutra
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Room No L7056, MC1725, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ravindra Nanda
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Room No L7056, MC1725, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Room No L7056, MC1725, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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25
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Pabisch S, Akabane C, Wagermaier W, Roschger A, Ogura T, Hyodo R, Kataoka S, Tobori N, Okano T, Murakami S, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R. The nanostructure of murine alveolar bone and its changes due to type 2 diabetes. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:223-231. [PMID: 27637572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone - the bony ridge containing the tooth sockets - stands out by its remodeling activity where bone is being formed and resorbed at a much higher rate than in any other bony tissue. Teeth that are anchored in the jaw through the periodontal ligament exert very large localized loads during mastication that could lead to a unique adaptation of the collagen/mineral structure in the bone. Our aim was to characterize the nanostructure of alveolar bone and to determine the influence of diabetes on structural characteristics of the mineralized matrix. Using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), we studied a spontaneous diabetic mouse model (KK+) and its corresponding healthy controls (KK-) (n=6) to determine the size and mutual alignment of the mineral nanoparticles embedded in the collagen matrix. On cross-sections (buccal-lingual) of the first molar multiple line scans with a spatial resolution of 30μm were performed on each sample, from the lingual to the buccal side of the mandible. Mineral particle thickness and length are decreasing towards the tooth in both buccal and lingual sides of alveolar bone. While mineral particles are well aligned with the long axis of the tooth on the buccal side, they are in a quarter of the measurements oriented along two preferred directions on the lingual side. These nanostructural differences can be interpreted as the result of an asymmetric loading during mastication, leading to a tilting of the tooth in its socket. In diabetic mice particle thicknesses are smaller compared to control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pabisch
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chika Akabane
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Taku Ogura
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hyodo
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kataoka
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norio Tobori
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Okano
- Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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Wnt5a mediated canonical Wnt signaling pathway activation in orthodontic tooth movement: possible role in the tension force-induced bone formation. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:455-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Pavlin D, Anthony R, Raj V, Gakunga PT. Cyclic loading (vibration) accelerates tooth movement in orthodontic patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Semin Orthod 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Intermittent Compressive Stress Enhanced Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:369874. [PMID: 26106417 PMCID: PMC4464684 DOI: 10.1155/2015/369874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force was shown to promote IGF-1 expression in periodontal ligament both in vitro and in vivo. Though the mechanism of this effect has not yet been proved, here we investigated the molecular mechanism of intermittent mechanical stress on IGF-1 expression. In addition, the role of hypoxia on the intermittent compressive stress on IGF-1 expression was also examined. In this study, human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs) were stimulated with intermittent mechanical stress for 24 hours. IGF-1 expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Chemical inhibitors were used to determine molecular mechanisms of these effects. For hypoxic mimic condition, the CoCl2 supplementation was employed. The results showed that intermittent mechanical stress dramatically increased IGF-1 expression at 24 h. The pretreatment with TGF-β receptor I or TGF-β1 antibody could inhibit the intermittent mechanical stress-induced IGF-1 expression. Moreover, the upregulation of TGF-β1 proteins was detected in intermittent mechanical stress treated group. Correspondingly, the IGF-1 expression was upregulated upon being treated with recombinant human TGF-β1. Further, the hypoxic mimic condition attenuated the intermittent mechanical stress and rhTGF-β1-induced IGF-1 expression. In summary, this study suggests intermittent mechanical stress-induced IGF-1 expression in HPDLs through TGF-β1 and this phenomenon could be inhibited in hypoxic mimic condition.
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29
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Takimoto A, Kawatsu M, Yoshimoto Y, Kawamoto T, Seiryu M, Takano-Yamamoto T, Hiraki Y, Shukunami C. Scleraxis and osterix antagonistically regulate tensile force-responsive remodeling of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Development 2015; 142:787-96. [PMID: 25670797 DOI: 10.1242/dev.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a mechanosensitive noncalcified fibrous tissue connecting the cementum of the tooth and the alveolar bone. Here, we report that scleraxis (Scx) and osterix (Osx) antagonistically regulate tensile force-responsive PDL fibrogenesis and osteogenesis. In the developing PDL, Scx was induced during tooth eruption and co-expressed with Osx. Scx was highly expressed in elongated fibroblastic cells aligned along collagen fibers, whereas Osx was highly expressed in the perialveolar/apical osteogenic cells. In an experimental model of tooth movement, Scx and Osx expression was significantly upregulated in parallel with the activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on the tension side, in which bone formation compensates for the widened PDL space away from the bone under tensile force by tooth movement. Scx was strongly expressed in Scx(+)/Osx(+) and Scx(+)/Osx(-) fibroblastic cells of the PDL that does not calcify; however, Scx(-)/Osx(+) osteogenic cells were dominant in the perialveolar osteogenic region. Upon BMP6-driven osteoinduction, osteocalcin, a marker for bone formation was downregulated and upregulated by Scx overexpression and knockdown of endogenous Scx in PDL cells, respectively. In addition, mineralization by osteoinduction was significantly inhibited by Scx overexpression in PDL cells without affecting Osx upregulation, suggesting that Scx counteracts the osteogenic activity regulated by Osx in the PDL. Thus, Scx(+)/Osx(-), Scx(+)/Osx(+) and Scx(-)/Osx(+) cell populations participate in the regulation of tensile force-induced remodeling of periodontal tissues in a position-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takimoto
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawatsu
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kawamoto
- Radioisotope Research Institute, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seiryu
- Department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiraki
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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30
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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in dentofacial tissue engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:871-86. [PMID: 25672801 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial diseases affect millions of people worldwide and hence tissue engineering can be considered an interesting and clinically relevant approach to regenerate orofacial tissues after being affected by different diseases. Among several innovations for tissue regeneration, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used extensively in medicine as a therapeutic, operative, and diagnostic tool. LIPUS is accepted to promote bone fracture repair and regeneration. Furthermore, the effect of LIPUS on soft tissues regeneration has been paid much attention, and many studies have performed to evaluate the potential use of LIPUS to tissue engineering soft tissues. The present article provides an overview about the status of LIPUS stimulation as a tool to be used to enhance regeneration/tissue engineering. This review consists of five parts. Part 1 is a brief introduction of the acoustic description of LIPUS and mechanical action. In Part 2, biological problems in dentofacial tissue engineering are proposed. Part 3 explores biologic mechanisms of LIPUS to cells and tissues in living body. In Part 4, the effectiveness of LIPUS on cell metabolism and tissue regeneration in dentistry are summarized. Finally, Part 5 relates the possibility of clinical application of LIPUS in orthodontics. The present review brings out better understanding of the bioeffect of LIPUS therapy on orofacial tissues which is essential to the successful integration of management remedies for tissue regeneration/engineering. To develop an evidence-based approach to clinical management and treatment of orofacial degenerative diseases using LIPUS, we would like to be in full pursuit of LIPUS biotherapy. Still, there are many challenges for this relatively new strategy, but the up to date achievements using it promises to go far beyond the present possibilities.
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Effects of TGF-β1 on OPG/RANKL expression of cementoblasts and osteoblasts are similar without stress but different with mechanical compressive stress. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:718180. [PMID: 25685846 PMCID: PMC4312653 DOI: 10.1155/2015/718180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. This study aimed to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on regulating activities of cementoblasts and osteoblasts with or without stress. Material and Methods. Human recombinant TGF-β1 was added with different doses. Immunohistochemical test of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and Alizarin Red-S staining were conducted. Mechanical compressive stress was obtained by increasing the pressure of gaseous phase. OPG/RANKL expression was detected in both cells through quantitative real-time PCR. Results. Similar significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in OPG/RANKL change with increasing concentration of TGF-β1 without mechanical stress for cementoblasts and osteoblasts. However, under 3 h stress, OPG increased and RANKL decreased significantly (P < 0.01) but with similar OPG/RANKL change. Moreover, under 24 h stress, OPG change exhibited no difference (P > 0.05), but RANKL decreased significantly (P < 0.01) at 10 and 100 ng/mL TGF-β1 in cementoblasts. In osteoblasts, OPG increased significantly (P < 0.01) at 10 and 100 ng/mL, whereas RANKL decreased with statistical difference (P < 0.05) at 1 and 10 ng/mL. Conclusions. The effects of TGF-β1 on OPG/RANKL expression of cementoblasts and osteoblasts are similar even without mechanical stress. However, these effects are different under mechanical compressive stress.
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Shigemitsu R, Yoda N, Ogawa T, Kawata T, Gunji Y, Yamakawa Y, Ikeda K, Sasaki K. Biological-data-based finite-element stress analysis of mandibular bone with implant-supported overdenture. Comput Biol Med 2014; 54:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yamamoto T, Ugawa Y, Yamashiro K, Shimoe M, Tomikawa K, Hongo S, Kochi S, Ideguchi H, Maeda H, Takashiba S. Osteogenic differentiation regulated by Rho-kinase in periodontal ligament cells. Differentiation 2014; 88:33-41. [PMID: 25278479 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is a multifunctional soft connective tissue, which functions not only as a cushion supporting the teeth against occlusal force, but is also a source of osteogenic cells that can regenerate neighboring hard tissues. Periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) contain heterogeneous cell populations, including osteogenic cell progenitors. However, the precise mechanism underlying the differentiation process remains elusive. Cell differentiation is regulated by the local biochemical and mechanical microenvironment that can modulate gene expression and cell morphology by altering actin cytoskeletal organization mediated by Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK). To determine its role in PDL cell differentiation, we examined the effects of ROCK on cytoskeletal changes and kinetics of gene expression during osteogenic differentiation. PDL cells were isolated from human periodontal ligament on extracted teeth and cultured in osteogenic medium for 14 days. Y-27632 was used for ROCK inhibition assay. Osteogenic phenotype was determined by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition by Alizarin Red staining. ROCK-induced cytoskeletal changes were examined by immunofluorescence analysis of F-actin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) expression. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the kinetics of osteogenic gene expression. F-actin and phospho-MLC2 were markedly induced during osteogenic differentiation, which coincided with upregulation of ALP activity and mineralization. Subsequent inhibition assay indicated that Y-27632 significantly inhibited F-actin and phospho-MLC2 expression in a dose-dependent manner with concomitant partial reversal of the PDL cell osteogenic phenotype. PCR array analysis of osteogenic gene expression indicated that extracellular matrix genes, such as fibronectin 1, collagen type I and III, and biglycan, were significantly downregulated by Y27632. These findings indicated crucial effects of ROCK in cytoskeletal reorganization and differentiation of PDL cells toward osteogenic cells. ROCK contributes to induction of osteogenic differentiation by synergistic increases in extracellular matrix gene expression in PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugawa
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoe
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tomikawa
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hongo
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kochi
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ideguchi
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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Shalish M, Will LA, Fukai N, Hou B, Olsen BR. Role of polycystin-1 in bone remodeling: orthodontic tooth movement study in mutant mice. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:885-90. [PMID: 24559508 DOI: 10.2319/082313-620.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that polycystin-1 (PC1) is involved in orthodontic tooth movement as a mechanical sensor. MATERIALS AND METHODS The response to force application was compared between three mutant and four wild-type 7-week-old mice. The mutant mice were PC1/Wnt1-cre, lacking PC1 in the craniofacial region. An orthodontic closed coil spring was bonded between the incisor and the left first molar, applying 20 g of force for 4 days. Micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistent acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used to study the differences in tooth movement among the groups. RESULTS In the wild-type mice the bonded molar moved mesially, and the periodontal ligament (PDL) was compressed in the compression side. The compression side showed a hyalinized zone, and osteoclasts were identified there using TRAP staining. In the mutant mice, the molar did not move, the incisor tipped palatally, and there was slight widening of the PDL in the tension area. Osteoclasts were not seen on the bone surface or on the compression side. Osteoclasts were only observed on the other side of the bone-in the bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a difference in tooth movement and osteoclast activity between PC1 mutant mice and wild-type mice in response to orthodontic force. The impaired tooth movement and the lack of osteoclasts on the bone surface in the mutant working side may be related to lack of signal from the PDL due to PC1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Shalish
- a Director of Postgraduate Program, Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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35
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Liao C, Lu J, Zhang C. Effects of Tension Force on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2014.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang L, Pan J, Wang T, Song M, Chen W. Pathological cyclic strain-induced apoptosis in human periodontal ligament cells through the RhoGDIα/caspase-3/PARP pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75973. [PMID: 24130754 PMCID: PMC3794943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells incur changes in morphology and express proteins in response to cyclic strain. However, it is not clear whether cyclic strain, especially excessive cyclic strain, induces PDL cell apoptosis and if so, what mechanism(s) are responsible. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which pathological levels of cyclic strain induce human PDL cell apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human PDL cells were obtained from healthy premolar tissue. After three to five passages in culture, the cells were subjected to 20% cyclic strain at a frequency of 0.1 Hz for 6 or 24 h using an FX-5000T system. Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by inverted phase-contrast microscopy, and apoptosis was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The number of apoptotic human PDL cells increased in a time-dependent manner in response to pathological cyclic strain. The stretched cells were oriented parallel to each another with their long axes perpendicular to the strain force vector. Cleaved caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) protein levels increased in response to pathological cyclic strain over time, while Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα) decreased. Furthermore, knock-down of RhoGDIα by targeted siRNA transfection increased stretch-induced apoptosis and upregulated cleaved caspase-3 and PARP protein levels. Inhibition of caspase-3 prevented stretch-induced apoptosis, but did not change RhoGDIα protein levels. CONCLUSION The overall results suggest that pathological-level cyclic strain not only influenced morphology but also induced apoptosis in human PDL cells through the RhoGDIα/caspase-3/PARP pathway. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of apoptosis induced by pathological cyclic strain in human PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Pan
- Department of Stomatology, First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingle Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Song
- Department of Stomatology, First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MS); (WC)
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MS); (WC)
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Wu Y, Han X, Guo Y, Wu H, Ren J, Li J, Ai D, Wang L, Bai D. Response of immortalized murine cementoblast cells to hypoxia in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1718-25. [PMID: 24112739 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of hypoxia on proliferation, apoptosis and mineralization of cementoblast-like cells (OCCM-30) in vitro. METHODS The effects of different periods of hypoxia (2% O2) on proliferation, apoptosis, cementoblastic potential and root cementum resorption capability of OCCM-30 were evaluated, by using MTT, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction measurement, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mineralization nodule formation assay. RESULTS OCCM-30 viability was significantly inhibited by hypoxia while the apoptosis ratio was enhanced in a time-dependent manner; hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA were induced by hypoxia in different manners; temporary hypoxia (<24 h) stimulated cementoblastic function of OCCM-30, while long-term hypoxia inhibited it, manifested by decreased mRNA level or release of ALP, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and osteoprotegerin. In addition, hypoxia affected mineralized nodule formation of OCCM-30 in a time-dependent fashion; moreover, root cementum resorption function was also induced by hypoxia, manifested by increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSION Temporary exposure of OCCM-30 to hypoxia inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis and mineralization, while longer duration of hypoxia could inhibit the cementoblast function. The findings may provide theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutics to prevent root resorption during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Maeda H, Wada N, Tomokiyo A, Monnouchi S, Akamine A. Prospective potency of TGF-β1 on maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissue. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:283-367. [PMID: 23809439 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue, central in the periodontium, plays crucial roles in sustaining tooth in the bone socket. Irreparable damages of this tissue provoke tooth loss, causing a decreased quality of life. The question arises as to how PDL tissue is maintained or how the lost PDL tissue can be regenerated. Stem cells included in PDL tissue (PDLSCs) are widely accepted to have the potential to maintain or regenerate the periodontium, but PDLSCs are very few in number. In recent studies, undifferentiated clonal human PDL cell lines were developed to elucidate the applicable potentials of PDLSCs for the periodontal regenerative medicine based on cell-based tissue engineering. In addition, it has been suggested that transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an eligible factor for the maintenance and regeneration of PDL tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Rego EB, Takata T, Tanne K, Tanaka E. Current status of low intensity pulsed ultrasound for dental purposes. Open Dent J 2012; 6:220-5. [PMID: 23341848 PMCID: PMC3547311 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601206010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, tissue engineering applied to the dental field has achieved relevant results. Tissue engineering can be described by actions taken to improve biological functions. Several methods have been described to enhance cellular performance and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has shown to play an important role in cell metabolism. The present article provides an overview about the current status of LIPUS as a tissue engineering tool to be used to enhance tooth and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Braga Rego
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,
Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical
Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,
Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical
Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Gritsch K, Laroche N, Morgon L, Al-Hity R, Vico L, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. A systematic review of methods for tissue analysis in animal studies on orthodontic mini-implants. Orthod Craniofac Res 2012; 15:135-47. [PMID: 22812436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2012.01548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anchorage devices are increasingly used in orthodontics, and their clinical performance is directly dependent on the tissue response to these devices. This study aims to identify assessment parameters for evaluating tissue reactions around orthodontically loaded implants and to propose parameters to be included in a standardized method. Several electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane database) were explored for papers from January 1999 to December 2009. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement was used as a guideline for the methodology of systematic reviews. Twenty-five publications were selected from 123 potentially relevant abstracts. The selected studies mainly aimed to answer a clinical question and particularly the ability of immediate loading in orthodontics. Very few studies aimed to understand the healing mechanism around the devices leading to a lack of information on this topic. The most frequent combination of assessment methods was clinical evaluation, histology/histomorphometry and intravital bone labeling. Although the dog model is mainly used, pigs represent an interesting animal model, especially when studying devices in growing bone. Despite the extensive use of miniscrews in growing individuals, only few studies have included young subjects in their protocol. Moreover, in such studies, an oral hygiene program is absolutely necessary to avoid complications. Finite element analysis could improve the knowledge of the relationship between design and bone reaction; unfortunately, this elaborated method is complex and impossible to perform routinely. For standardization, the authors recommend to include specific criteria in study protocols when assessing tissue response to orthodontically loaded devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gritsch
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615) Faculté d'Odontologie de Lyon, 11 rue G. Paradin 69008 Lyon, France.
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Rego EB, Inubushi T, Kawazoe A, Miyauchi M, Tanaka E, Takata T, Tanne K. Effect of PGE2 induced by compressive and tensile stresses on cementoblast differentiation in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1238-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wu J, Li Y, Fan X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Analysis of gene expression profile of periodontal ligament cells subjected to cyclic compressive force. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:865-73. [PMID: 21510798 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic compressive force is an important mechanical stimulus on periodontal ligament (PDL). The differential expression of genes in PDL cells is thought to be involved in the remodeling of periodontal tissues subjected to mechanical stress. However, little is known about differentially expressed genes in PDL cells under cyclic compressive force. In our study, human PDL cells were subjected to 4000 μ strain compressive stress loading at 0.5 Hz for 2 h. The effect of mechanical stress on PDL cells proliferation was observed by flow cytometry. Microarray analysis was used to investigate the mechano-induced differential gene profile in PDL cells. Differential expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis on genes of interest and explored at two more force loading times (6 h, 12 h). After mechanical loading, cell proliferation was repressed. The microarray data showed that 217 out of 35,000 genes were differentially expressed; among the 217 genes, 207 were up-regulated whereas 10 were down-regulated (p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis suggested that majority of differentially expressed genes were located in the nucleus and functioned as transcription factors involved in a variety of biological processes. Five genes of interest (IL6, IL8, ETS1, KLF10, and DLC1) were found to be closely related to negative regulation of cell proliferation. The PCR results showed increased expression after 2 h loading, then a decline with extended loading time. The signaling pathways involved were also identified. These findings expand understanding of molecular regulation in the mechano-response of PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Foster BL, Nagatomo KJ, Bamashmous SO, Tompkins KA, Fong H, Dunn D, Chu EY, Guenther C, Kingsley DM, Rutherford RB, Somerman MJ. The progressive ankylosis protein regulates cementum apposition and extracellular matrix composition. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 194:382-405. [PMID: 21389671 DOI: 10.1159/000323457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Tooth root cementum is sensitive to modulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), an inhibitor of hydroxyapatite precipitation. Factors increasing PP(i) include progressive ankylosis protein (ANK) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) while tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes PP(i). Studies here aimed to define the role of ANK in root and cementum by analyzing tooth development in Ank knock-out (KO) mice versus wild type. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal development in KO versus control mice was analyzed by histology, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. Cementoblast cultures were used in vitro to provide mechanistic underpinnings for PP(i) modulation of cell function. RESULTS Over the course of root development, Ank KO cervical cementum became 8- to 12-fold thicker than control cervical cementum. Periodontal ligament width was maintained and other dentoalveolar tissues, including apical cementum, were unaltered. Cervical cementum uncharacteristically included numerous cells, from rapid cementogenesis. Ank KO increased osteopontin and dentin matrix protein 1 gene and protein expression, and markedly increased NPP1 protein expression in cementoblasts but not in other cell types. Conditional ablation of Ank in joints and periodontia confirmed a local role for ANK in cementogenesis. In vitro studies employing cementoblasts indicated that Ank and Enpp1 mRNA levels increased in step with mineral nodule formation, supporting a role for these factors in regulation of cementum matrix mineralization. CONCLUSION ANK, by modulating local PP(i), controls cervical cementum apposition and extracellular matrix. Loss of ANK created a local environment conducive to rapid cementogenesis; therefore, approaches modulating PP(i) in periodontal tissues have potential to promote cementum regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Foster
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA.
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Upregulation of bone-like extracellular matrix expression in human dental pulp stem cells by mechanical strain. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Cyclic Strain Promotes Migration and Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cell via PI3K Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Bioeng 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-010-0131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Fujihara C, Yamada S, Ozaki N, Takeshita N, Kawaki H, Takano-Yamamoto T, Murakami S. Role of mechanical stress-induced glutamate signaling-associated molecules in cytodifferentiation of periodontal ligament cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28286-97. [PMID: 20576613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.097303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the effects of tensile mechanical stress on the gene expression profile of in vitro-maintained human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. A DNA chip analysis identified 17 up-regulated genes in human PDL cells under the mechanical stress, including HOMER1 (homer homolog 1) and GRIN3A (glutamate receptor ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate 3A), which are related to glutamate signaling. RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses revealed that human PDL cells constitutively expressed glutamate signaling-associated genes and that mechanical stress increased the expression of these mRNAs, leading to release of glutamate from human PDL cells and intracellular glutamate signal transduction. Interestingly, exogenous glutamate increased the mRNAs of cytodifferentiation and mineralization-related genes as well as the ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities during the cytodifferentiation of the PDL cells. On the other hand, the glutamate signaling inhibitors riluzole and (+)-MK801 maleate suppressed the alkaline phosphatase activities and mineralized nodule formation during the cytodifferentiation and mineralization. Riluzole inhibited the mechanical stress-induced glutamate signaling-associated gene expressions in human PDL cells. Moreover, in situ hybridization analyses showed up-regulation of glutamate signaling-associated gene expressions at tension sites in the PDL under orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse model. The present data demonstrate that the glutamate signaling induced by mechanical stress positively regulates the cytodifferentiation and mineralization of PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Fujihara
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sanz-Herrera JA, Doblaré M, García-Aznar JM. Scaffold microarchitecture determines internal bone directional growth structure: a numerical study. J Biomech 2010; 43:2480-6. [PMID: 20542275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of successful results have been reported in bone tissue engineering, although the routine clinical practice has not been reached so far. One of the reasons is the poor understanding of the role of each scaffold design parameter in its functional performance, which yields an uncertain outcome of each clinical application. Specifically, the role of internal scaffold microarchitectural shape on the regeneration rate and distribution of newly formed bone is still unknown. This work is focused on the in-silico determination of the role of scaffold microstructural anisotropy in bone tissue regeneration. A multiscale approach of the problem is established distinguishing between macroscopic region domain (bone organ and scaffold) and microscopic domain (scaffold microstructure). Results show that, once the scaffold microstructure is properly interconnected and the porosity is sufficiently high, similar rates of bone regeneration are found. However, the main conclusion of the work is that initial scaffold microstructural anisotropy has important consequences since it determines the spatial distribution of the newly formed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sanz-Herrera
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Materials Modelling, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, C/María de Luna 5, Agustín de Betancourt Building, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Takeuchi N, Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Morita M. Relationship between the prognosis of periodontitis and occlusal force during the maintenance phase--a cohort study. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:612-7. [PMID: 20546114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Few studies have longitudinally investigated the relationship between periodontal disease progression and occlusal factors in individual subjects during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the relationship between biting ability and the progression of periodontal disease in the maintenance phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 194 patients were monitored for 3 years during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. The subjects with disease progression (Progress group) were defined based on the presence of >or= 2 teeth demonstrating a longitudinal loss of proximal attachment of >or= 3 mm or tooth-loss experience as a result of periodontal disease during the study period. The subjects with high occlusal force were diagnosed as men who showed an occlusal force of more than 500 N and women who showed an occlusal force of more than 370 N. The association between biting ability and the progression of periodontitis was investigated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were 83 subjects in the Progress group and 111 subjects in the Non-progress group. A backward, stepwise logistic regression model showed that the progression of periodontal disease was significantly associated with the presence of one or more teeth with a high clinical attachment level (CAL) of >or= 7 mm (odds ratio: 2.397; 95% confidence interval: 1.306-4.399) ( p = 0.005) and low occlusal force (odds ratio: 2.352; 95% confidence interval: 1.273-4.346) ( p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The presence of one or more teeth with a high CAL of >or= 7 mm and low occlusal force might be possible risk factors for periodontal progression in the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Brooks PJ, Nilforoushan D, Manolson MF, Simmons CA, Gong SG. Molecular markers of early orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2010; 79:1108-13. [PMID: 19852601 DOI: 10.2319/121508-638r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the molecular basis of early orthodontic tooth movement by looking at the expression of KI-67, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (RANKL) proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a rat model of early orthodontic tooth movement using a split-mouth design (where contralateral side serves as a control) and performed immunohistochemical staining to map the spatial expression patterns of three proteins at 3 and 24 hours after appliance insertion. RESULTS We observed increased expression of KI-67, a proliferation marker, and RANKL, a molecule associated with osteoclastic differentiation, in the compression sites of the periodontal ligament subjected to 3 hours of force. In contrast, there was increased expression of KI-67 and Runx2, a marker of osteoblast precursors, in tension areas after 24 hours of force. Decreased KI-67 expression in the mesial and distal regions of the periodontal ligament was observed at the midpoint of the tooth root. CONCLUSIONS The early RANKL expression indicates that at this early stage cells are involved in osteoclast precursor signaling. Also, decreased KI-67 expression found near the midpoint of the tooth root is believed to represent the center of rotation, providing a molecular means of visualizing mechanical loading patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Joyce Brooks
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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IGF-I, IGF-IR and IRS1 expression as an early reaction of PDL cells to experimental tooth movement in the rat. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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