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Yu S, Liu D, Yan C, Yuan C, Zhang C, Zheng S. A novel mutation in GPR68 causes hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105991. [PMID: 38761453 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic cause of a Chinese family with hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and to characterize the structure of GPR68 mutated enamel in order to develop a deeper understanding of the role of the GPR68 protein during the intricate process of amelogenesis. DESIGN One Chinese family with generalized hypomaturation AI was recruited. Two of the third molars from the proband were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed, and the identified mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics studies were further conducted to analyze the potential deleterious effects of the mutation. RESULTS The proband presented with a hypomaturation AI phenotype, characterized by fragile and discolored enamel surface. The AI enamel showed prismatic structure, which was sporadically obscured by areas of amorphous material and porous structure. EDX analysis showed the proband's enamel demonstrated a significant decrease in calcium and phosphorus content and a significant increase in oxygen compared with normal enamel. A novel homozygous mutation of G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68) (c .149 T > A, p.Ile50Asn) was identified in the proband. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mutation site displayed a high level of evolutionary conservation among species, and the mutation might impact the stability and conformation of the protein. CONCLUSION The novel homozygous GPR68 mutation resulted in hypomaturation AI. We first described the effect of GPR68 mutation on enamel structure. Our results provide new genetic evidence that mutations involved in GPR68 contribute to hypomaturation AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlan Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Changqing Yan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China.
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2
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Kegulian NC, Visakan G, Bapat RA, Moradian-Oldak J. Ameloblastin and its multifunctionality in amelogenesis: A review. Matrix Biol 2024; 131:62-76. [PMID: 38815936 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins play crucial roles in the formation of mineralized tissues like bone and teeth via multifunctional mechanisms. In tooth enamel, ameloblastin (Ambn) is one such multifunctional extracellular matrix protein implicated in cell signaling and polarity, cell adhesion to the developing enamel matrix, and stabilization of prismatic enamel morphology. To provide a perspective for Ambn structure and function, we begin this review by describing dental enamel and enamel formation (amelogenesis) followed by a description of enamel extracellular matrix. We then summarize the established domains and motifs in Ambn protein, human amelogenesis imperfecta cases, and genetically engineered mouse models involving mutated or null Ambn. We subsequently delineate in silico, in vitro, and in vivo evidence for the amphipathic helix in Ambn as a proposed cell-matrix adhesive and then more recent in vitro evidence for the multitargeting domain as the basis for dynamic interactions of Ambn with itself, amelogenin, and membranes. The multitargeting domain facilitates tuning between Ambn-membrane interactions and self/co-assembly and supports a likely overall role for Ambn as a matricellular protein. We anticipate that this review will enhance the understanding of multifunctional matrix proteins by consolidating diverse mechanisms through which Ambn contributes to enamel extracellular matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Kegulian
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., CSA 148, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gayathri Visakan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., CSA 148, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rucha Arun Bapat
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., CSA 148, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., CSA 148, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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3
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Wang YL, Lin HC, Liang T, Lin JY, Simmer J, Hu JC, Wang SK. ENAM Mutations Can Cause Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta. J Dent Res 2024; 103:662-671. [PMID: 38716742 PMCID: PMC11122092 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241236695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a diverse group of inherited diseases featured by various presentations of enamel malformations that are caused by disturbances at different stages of enamel formation. While hypoplastic AI suggests a thickness defect of enamel resulting from aberrations during the secretory stage of amelogenesis, hypomaturation AI indicates a deficiency of enamel mineralization and hardness established at the maturation stage. Mutations in ENAM, which encodes the largest enamel matrix protein, enamelin, have been demonstrated to cause generalized or local hypoplastic AI. Here, we characterized 2 AI families with disparate hypoplastic and hypomaturation enamel defects and identified 2 distinct indel mutations at the same location of ENAM, c588+1del and c.588+1dup. Minigene splicing assays demonstrated that they caused frameshifts and truncation of ENAM proteins, p.Asn197Ilefs*81 and p.Asn197Glufs*25, respectively. In situ hybridization of Enam on mouse mandibular incisors confirmed its restricted expression in secretory stage ameloblasts and suggested an indirect pathogenic mechanism underlying hypomaturation AI. In silico analyses indicated that these 2 truncated ENAMs might form amyloid structures and cause protein aggregation with themselves and with wild-type protein through the added aberrant region at their C-termini. Consistently, protein secretion assays demonstrated that the truncated proteins cannot be properly secreted and impede secretion of wild-type ENAM. Moreover, compared to the wild-type, overexpression of the mutant proteins significantly increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulated the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes and TNFRSF10B, a UPR-controlled proapoptotic gene. Caspase, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays further revealed that both truncated proteins, especially p.Asn197Ilefs*81, induced cell apoptosis and decreased cell survival, suggesting that the 2 ENAM mutations cause AI through ameloblast cell pathology and death rather than through a simple loss of function. This study demonstrates that an ENAM mutation can lead to generalized hypomaturation enamel defects and suggests proteinopathy as a potential pathogenesis for ENAM-associated AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-L. Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - H.-C. Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - T. Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J.C.-Y. Lin
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - J.P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J.C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S.-K. Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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4
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Pei SL, Chen RS, Chen MH. The crucial role of centrioles in tooth growth and development. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00214-6. [PMID: 38704334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Li Pei
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Shu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Srot V, Houari S, Kapun G, Bussmann B, Predel F, Pokorny B, Bužan E, Salzberger U, Fenk B, Kelsch M, van Aken PA. Ingenious Architecture and Coloration Generation in Enamel of Rodent Teeth. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11270-11283. [PMID: 38629732 PMCID: PMC11064225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Teeth exemplify architectures comprising an interplay of inorganic and organic constituents, resulting in sophisticated natural composites. Rodents (Rodentia) showcase extraordinary adaptations, with their continuously growing incisors surpassing human teeth in functional and structural optimizations. In this study, employing state-of-the-art direct atomic-scale imaging and nanoscale spectroscopies, we present compelling evidence that the release of material from ameloblasts and the subsequent formation of iron-rich enamel and surface layers in the constantly growing incisors of rodents are complex orchestrated processes, intricately regulated and independent of environmental factors. The synergistic fusion of three-dimensional tomography and imaging techniques of etched rodent́s enamel unveils a direct correlation between the presence of pockets infused with ferrihydrite-like material and the acid resistant properties exhibited by the iron-rich enamel, fortifying it as an efficient protective shield. Moreover, observations using optical microscopy shed light on the role of iron-rich enamel as a microstructural element that acts as a path for color transmission, although the native color remains indistinguishable from that of regular enamel, challenging the prevailing paradigms. The redefinition of "pigmented enamel" to encompass ferrihydrite-like infusion in rodent incisors reshapes our perception of incisor microstructure and color generation. The functional significance of acid-resistant iron-rich enamel and the understanding of the underlying coloration mechanism in rodent incisors have far-reaching implications for human health, development of potentially groundbreaking dental materials, and restorative dentistry. These findings enable the creation of an entirely different class of dental biomaterials with enhanced properties, inspired by the ingenious designs found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Srot
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Sophia Houari
- Unité
de Formation et de Recherche d’Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
- UR2496,
Biomedical Research in Odontology, Université
Paris Cité, Montrouge 92120, France
| | - Gregor Kapun
- National
Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Centre
of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology−Nanocenter, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Birgit Bussmann
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Felicitas Predel
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Boštjan Pokorny
- Faculty
of Environmental Protection, Velenje 3320, Slovenia
- Slovenian
Forestry Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Elena Bužan
- Faculty
of Environmental Protection, Velenje 3320, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia
| | - Ute Salzberger
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fenk
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Marion Kelsch
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Peter A. van Aken
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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6
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Chun YHP, Tan C, Villanueva O, Colley ME, Quintanilla TJ, Basiouny MS, Hartel CA, Critchfield CS, Bach SBH, Fajardo RJ, Pham CD. Overexpression of ameloblastin in secretory ameloblasts results in demarcated, hypomineralized opacities in enamel. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1233391. [PMID: 38274050 PMCID: PMC10808694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1233391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Developmental defects of the enamel manifest before tooth eruption and include amelogenesis imperfecta, a rare disease of underlying gene mutations, and molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), a prevalent disease in children originating from environmental and epigenetic factors. MIH enamel presents as the abnormal enamel marked by loss of translucency, demarcation between the healthy and affected enamel, and reduced mineral content. The pathophysiology of opaque, demarcated enamel lesions is not understood; however, the retention of enamel proteins in the matrix has been suggested. Ameloblastin (Ambn) is an enamel protein of the secreted calcium-binding phosphoproteins (SCPPs) critical for enamel formation. When the Ambn gene is mutated or deleted, teeth are affected by hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. Methods: In this study, enamel formation in mice was analyzed when transgenic Ambn was overexpressed from the amelogenin promoter encoding full-length Ambn. Ambn was under- and overexpressed at six increasing concentrations in separate mouse lines. Results: Mice overexpressing Ambn displayed opaque enamel at low concentrations and demarcated lesions at high concentrations. The severity of enamel lesions increased starting from the inner enamel close to the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) to span the entire width of the enamel layer in demarcated areas. Associated with the opaque enamel were 17-kDa Ambn cleavage products, a prolonged secretory stage, and a thin basement membrane in the maturation stage. Ambn accumulations found in the innermost enamel close to the DEJ and the mineralization front correlated with reduced mineral content. Demarcated enamel lesions were associated with Ambn species of 17 kDa and higher, prolonged secretory and transition stages, a thin basement membrane, and shortened maturation stages. Hypomineralized opacities were delineated against the surrounding mineralized enamel and adjacent to ameloblasts detached from the enamel surface. Inefficient Ambn cleavage, loss of contact between ameloblasts, and the altered basement membrane curtailed the endocytic activity; thus, enamel proteins remained unresorbed in the matrix. Ameloblasts have the ability to distinguish between Ambn concentration and Ambn cleavage products through finely tuned feedback mechanisms. The under- or overexpression of Ambn in murine secretory ameloblasts results in either hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta or hypomineralization with opaque or sharply demarcated boundaries of lesions, similar to MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hee Patricia Chun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Omar Villanueva
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Madeline E. Colley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Travis J. Quintanilla
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mohamed S. Basiouny
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Caldonia A. Hartel
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Cameron S. Critchfield
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Stephan B. H. Bach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Roberto J. Fajardo
- Department of Clinical and Applied Science Education, School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Cong-Dat Pham
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Souza Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Schnetkamp PP, Lacruz RS. Na+/Ca2+ exchange in enamel cells is dominated by the K+-dependent NCKX exchanger. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313372. [PMID: 37947795 PMCID: PMC10637953 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) extrusion is an essential function of the enamel-forming ameloblasts, providing Ca2+ for extracellular mineralization. The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases (PMCAs) remove cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) and were recently shown to be efficient when ameloblasts experienced low cCa2+ elevation. Sodium-calcium (Na+/Ca2+) exchange has higher capacity to extrude cCa2+, but there is limited evidence on the function of the two main families of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers in enamel formation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the function of the NCX (coded by SLC8) and the K+-dependent NCKX (coded by SLC24) exchangers in rat ameloblasts and to compare their efficacy in the two main stages of enamel formation: the enamel forming secretory stage and the mineralizing or maturation stage. mRNA expression profiling confirmed the expression of Slc8 and Slc24 genes in enamel cells, Slc24a4 being the most highly upregulated transcript during the maturation stage, when Ca2+ transport increases. Na+/Ca2+ exchange was analyzed in the Ca2+ influx mode in Fura-2 AM-loaded ameloblasts. We show that maturation-stage ameloblasts have a higher Na+/Ca2+ exchange capacity than secretory-stage cells. We also show that Na+/Ca2+ exchange in both stages is dominated by NCKX over NCX. The importance of NCKX function in ameloblasts may partly explain why mutations in the SLC24A4 gene, but not in SLC8 genes, result in enamel disease. Our results demonstrate that Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are fully operational in ameloblasts and that their contribution to Ca2+ homeostasis increases in the maturation stage, when Ca2+ transport need is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York. PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul P.M. Schnetkamp
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Shin M, Matsushima A, Nagao JI, Tanaka Y, Harada H, Okabe K, Bartlett JD. Mobility gene expression differences among wild-type, Mmp20 null and Mmp20 over-expresser mice plus visualization of 3D mouse ameloblast directional movement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18829. [PMID: 37914726 PMCID: PMC10620228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel forming ameloblasts move away from the dentino-enamel junction and also move relative to each other to establish enamel shape during the secretory stage of enamel development. Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP20) is a tooth specific proteinase essential for proper enamel formation. We previously reported that MMP20 cleaves cadherins and may regulate ameloblast movement. Here, we used an Amelx promoter driven tdTomato reporter to label mouse ameloblasts. With these transgenic mice, we assessed ameloblast mobility group dynamics and gene expression. Three-dimensional imaging of mouse ameloblasts were observed in hemi-mandibles by using a tissue clearing technique. The three-dimensional ameloblast layer in Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice that overexpress MMP20 was uneven and the ameloblasts migrated away from this layer. Mouse ameloblast movement toward incisal tips was monitored by ex vivo time-lapse imaging. Gene expression related to cell migration and adhesion was analyzed in ameloblasts from wild-type mice, Mmp20-/- mice with no functional MMP20 and from Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) overexpressing mice. Gene expression was altered in Mmp20-/- and Tg(Amelx-Mmp20) mice compared to wild type. Among the genes assessed, those encoding laminins and a gap junction protein were upregulated in Mmp20-/- mice. New techniques and findings described in this study may lead to an improved understanding of ameloblast movement during enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shin
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Aya Matsushima
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nagao
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Infection Biology, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tanaka
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Infection Biology, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Divison of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Koji Okabe
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Liu P, Li F, Chen X, Wang H, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang X. L-serine combined with carboxymethyl chitosan guides amorphous calcium phosphate to remineralize enamel. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:45. [PMID: 37658964 PMCID: PMC10474979 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate a robust and stable calcium-phosphorus system to remineralize human early enamel caries lesions with nanocomplexes of carboxymethyl chitosan/L-serine/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC-Ser-ACP) to develop an effective method for mimicking the amelogenin (AMEL) mineralization pattern through ACP assembly. A CMC-Ser-ACP nanocomplex solution was first synthesized by a chemical precipitation method, and then 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was added to induce ACP phase formation. The morphologies of the nanocomplexes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to detect surface charge and functional group changes. The subtle changes of the demineralized enamel models induced by the remineralization effect were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CMC-Ser-ACP nanocomplex solution could be preserved without any precipitation for 45 days. After the application of NaClO and through the guidance of Ser, ACP nanoparticles transformed into relatively orderly arranged hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, generating an aprismatic enamel-like layer closely integrated with the demineralized enamel, which resulted in enhanced mechanical properties for the treatment of early enamel caries lesions. The CMC-Ser-ACP nanocomplex solution is a remineralization system with great solution stability, and when NaClO is added, it can rapidly regenerate an aprismatic enamel-like layer in situ on the demineralized enamel surface. This novel remineralization system has stable chemical properties and can greatly increase the therapeutic effects against early enamel caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of stomatology, Economic and Technological Development Zone, No.7 people's hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 17, Jingnan 5th Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450003, China
| | - Fan Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haorong Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhangyi Li
- Department of Stomatology, the Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, No. 41, Zhejiang Road, Tanggu, Binhai New District, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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10
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Dong J, Ruan W, Duan X. Molecular-based phenotype variations in amelogenesis imperfecta. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2334-2365. [PMID: 37154292 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is one of the typical dental genetic diseases in human. It can occur isolatedly or as part of a syndrome. Previous reports have mainly clarified the types and mechanisms of nonsyndromic AI. This review aimed to compare the phenotypic differences among the hereditary enamel defects with or without syndromes and their underlying pathogenic genes. We searched the articles in PubMed with different strategies or keywords including but not limited to amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel defects, hypoplastic/hypomaturation/hypocalcified, syndrome, or specific syndrome name. The articles with detailed clinical information about the enamel and other phenotypes and clear genetic background were used for the analysis. We totally summarized and compared enamel phenotypes of 18 nonsyndromic AI with 17 causative genes and 19 syndromic AI with 26 causative genes. According to the clinical features, radiographic or ultrastructural changes in enamel, the enamel defects were basically divided into hypoplastic and hypomineralized (hypomaturated and hypocalcified) and presented a higher heterogeneity which were closely related to the involved pathogenic genes, types of mutation, hereditary pattern, X chromosome inactivation, incomplete penetrance, and other mechanisms.The gene-specific enamel phenotypes could be an important indicator for diagnosing nonsyndromic and syndromic AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Liu J, Zhang Z, Yan Y, Zhang X, Xiao C, Chen X. Microrod crystals formed via Rhein-mediated mineralization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10169-10172. [PMID: 37534478 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02527f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a Rhein-mineralized microrod crystal (H-RMM) with an ultra-high drug loading capacity was reported for anti-inflammation. Due to a dense crystal structure, the H-RMM achieved improved biocompatibility and sustained controlled release of Rhein. Also, the Rhein nanofibers released from H-RMM were favorable to be internalized by cells, leading to enhanced anti-inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yu Yan
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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12
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Alzahrani AY, Alamoudi NMH, El Meligy OAES. Contemporary Understanding of the Etiology and Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:157. [PMID: 37504223 PMCID: PMC10378579 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a significant health problem that can affect the child's quality of life by negatively affecting their esthetics and function. This review aimed to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of MIH. It also aimed to summarize the recent studies on MIH in children and adolescents, focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and clinical management. An electronic search on the PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, MedlinePlus, WHO reports, and Google Scholar databases was performed. The volume of research on the etiology, presentation, and clinical management of MIH is still expanding. The creation and validation of indices for the diagnosis and management of MIH, as well as any potential genetic aspects appear to be the main areas of current research. Notably, MIH was linked to childhood illnesses, the use of antibiotics, and early childhood fever. Although many studies discuss the different options for managing MIH lesions, evidence-based studies that address the long-term outcomes of MIH are still lacking. Indeed, future clinical studies should be directed to evaluate the impact of each systemic etiological factor and its different types of management on normal amelogenesis. Regarding the diagnosis, future research should focus on the pre-eruption diagnosis and early approaches to prevent the post-eruption breakdown and caries. Regarding the treatment of MIH, future investigations should emphasize further improvements in adhesion and the use of new materials and techniques, such as digital dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yahya Alzahrani
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Dentistry, Taif Dental Centre, Ministry of Health, Taif 26511, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar Abd El Sadek El Meligy
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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13
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Liang T, Smith CE, Hu Y, Zhang H, Zhang C, Xu Q, Lu Y, Qi L, Hu JCC, Simmer JP. Dentin defects caused by a Dspp -1 frameshift mutation are associated with the activation of autophagy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6393. [PMID: 37076504 PMCID: PMC10115861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is primarily expressed by differentiated odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), and transiently expressed by presecretory ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). Disease-causing DSPP mutations predominantly fall into two categories: 5' mutations affecting targeting and trafficking, and 3' - 1 frameshift mutations converting the repetitive, hydrophilic, acidic C-terminal domain into a hydrophobic one. We characterized the dental phenotypes and investigated the pathological mechanisms of DsppP19L and Dspp-1fs mice that replicate the two categories of human DSPP mutations. In DsppP19L mice, dentin is less mineralized but contains dentinal tubules. Enamel mineral density is reduced. Intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP is observed in odontoblasts and ameloblasts. In Dspp-1fs mice, a thin layer of reparative dentin lacking dentinal tubules is deposited. Odontoblasts show severe pathosis, including intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP, strong ubiquitin and autophagy activity, ER-phagy, and sporadic apoptosis. Ultrastructurally, odontoblasts show extensive autophagic vacuoles, some of which contain fragmented ER. Enamel formation is comparable to wild type. These findings distinguish molecular mechanisms underlying the dental phenotypes of DsppP19L and Dspp-1fs mice and support the recently revised Shields classification of dentinogenesis imperfecta caused by DSPP mutations in humans. The Dspp-1fs mice may be valuable for the study of autophagy and ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Chuhua Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
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Sriwattanapong K, Theerapanon T, Boonprakong L, Srijunbarl A, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Novel ITGB6 variants cause hypoplastic-hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta and taurodontism: characterization of tooth phenotype and review of literature. BDJ Open 2023; 9:15. [PMID: 37041139 PMCID: PMC10090198 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize phenotype and genotype of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in a Thai patient, and review of literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Variants were identified using trio-exome and Sanger sequencing. The ITGB6 protein level in patient's gingival cells was measured. The patient's deciduous first molar was investigated for surface roughness, mineral density, microhardness, mineral composition, and ultrastructure. RESULTS The patient exhibited hypoplastic-hypomineralized AI, taurodontism, and periodontal inflammation. Exome sequencing identified the novel compound heterozygous ITGB6 mutation, a nonsense c.625 G > T, p.(Gly209*) inherited from mother and a splicing c.1661-3 C > G from father, indicating AI type IH. The ITGB6 level in patient cells was significantly reduced, compared with controls. Analyses of a patient's tooth showed a significant increase in roughness while mineral density of enamel and microhardness of enamel and dentin were significantly reduced. In dentin, carbon was significantly decreased while calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen levels were significantly increased. Severely collapsed enamel rods and a gap in dentinoenamel junction were observed. Of six affected families and eight ITGB6 variants that have been reported, our patient was the only one with taurodontism. CONCLUSION We report the hypoplasia/hypomineralization/taurodontism AI patient with disturbed tooth characteristics associated with the novel ITGB6 variants and reduced ITGB6 expression, expanding genotype, phenotype, and understanding of autosomal recessive AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Sriwattanapong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Lawan Boonprakong
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anucharte Srijunbarl
- Dental Materials R&D Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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15
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Yuta T, Tian T, Chiba Y, Miyazaki K, Funada K, Mizuta K, Fu Y, Kawahara J, Iwamoto T, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S, Yoshizaki K. Development of a novel ex vivo organ culture system to improve preservation methods of regenerative tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3354. [PMID: 36849572 PMCID: PMC9971270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in regenerative technology have made the regeneration of various organs using pluripotent stem cells possible. However, a simpler screening method for evaluating regenerated organs is required to apply this technology to clinical regenerative medicine in the future. We have developed a simple evaluation method using a mouse tooth germ culture model of organs formed by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. In this study, we successfully established a simple method that controls tissue development in a temperature-dependent manner using a mouse tooth germ ex vivo culture model. We observed that the development of the cultured tooth germ could be delayed by low-temperature culture and resumed by the subsequent culture at 37 °C. Furthermore, the optimal temperature for the long-term preservation of tooth germ was 25 °C, a subnormothermic temperature that maintains the expression of stem cell markers. We also found that subnormothermic temperature induces the expression of cold shock proteins, such as cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, RNA-binding motif protein 3, and serine and arginine rich splicing factor 5. This study provides a simple screening method to help establish the development of regenerative tissue technology using a tooth organ culture model. Our findings may be potentially useful for making advances in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yuta
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyazaki
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Funada
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanji Mizuta
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yao Fu
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kawahara
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan.
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16
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Kegulian NC, Langen R, Moradian-Oldak J. The Dynamic Interactions of a Multitargeting Domain in Ameloblastin Protein with Amelogenin and Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3484. [PMID: 36834897 PMCID: PMC9966149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The enamel matrix protein Ameloblastin (Ambn) has critical physiological functions, including regulation of mineral formation, cell differentiation, and cell-matrix adhesion. We investigated localized structural changes in Ambn during its interactions with its targets. We performed biophysical assays and used liposomes as a cell membrane model. The xAB2N and AB2 peptides were rationally designed to encompass regions of Ambn that contained self-assembly and helix-containing membrane-binding motifs. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) on spin-labeled peptides showed localized structural gains in the presence of liposomes, amelogenin (Amel), and Ambn. Vesicle clearance and leakage assays indicated that peptide-membrane interactions were independent from peptide self-association. Tryptophan fluorescence and EPR showed competition between Ambn-Amel and Ambn-membrane interactions. We demonstrate localized structural changes in Ambn upon interaction with different targets via a multitargeting domain, spanning residues 57 to 90 of mouse Ambn. Structural changes of Ambn following its interaction with different targets have relevant implications for the multifunctionality of Ambn in enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Kegulian
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ralf Langen
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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17
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Chan B, Cheng IC, Rozita J, Gorshteyn I, Huang Y, Shaffer I, Chang C, Li W, Lytton J, Den Besten P, Zhang Y. Sodium/(calcium + potassium) exchanger NCKX4 optimizes KLK4 activity in the enamel matrix microenvironment to regulate ECM modeling. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1116091. [PMID: 36814474 PMCID: PMC9939835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel development is a process in which extracellular matrix models from a soft proteinaceous matrix to the most mineralized tissue in vertebrates. Patients with mutant NCKX4, a gene encoding a K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+-exchanger, develop a hypomineralized and hypomature enamel. How NCKX4 regulates enamel protein removal to achieve an almost protein-free enamel is unknown. We characterized the upregulation pattern of Nckx4 in the progressively differentiating enamel-forming ameloblasts by qPCR, and as well as confirmed NCKX4 protein to primarily localize at the apical surface of wild-type ruffle-ended maturation ameloblasts by immunostaining of the continuously growing mouse incisors, posing the entire developmental trajectory of enamel. In contrast to the normal mature enamel, where ECM proteins are hydrolyzed and removed, we found significant protein retention in the maturation stage of Nckx4 -/- mouse enamel. The Nckx4 -/- enamel held less Ca2+ and K+ but more Na+ than the Nckx4 +/+ enamel did, as measured by EDX. The alternating acidic and neutral pH zones at the surface of mineralizing Nckx4 +/+ enamel were replaced by a largely neutral pH matrix in the Nckx4 -/- enamel. In situ zymography revealed a reduced kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) activity in the Nckx4 -/- enamel. We showed that KLK4 took on 90% of proteinase activity in the maturation stage of normal enamel, and that recombinant KLK4 as well as native mouse enamel KLK4 both performed less effectively in a buffer with increased [Na+] and pH, conditions found in the Nckx4 -/- developing enamel. This study, for the first time to our knowledge, provides evidence demonstrating the impaired in situ KLK4 activity in Nckx4 -/- enamel and suggests a novel function of NCKX4 in facilitating KLK4-mediated hydrolysis and removal of ECM proteins, warranting the completion of enamel matrix modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Chan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ieong Cheng Cheng
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jalali Rozita
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ida Gorshteyn
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yulei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun-Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ida Shaffer
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Chih Chang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jonathan Lytton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, United States
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18
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Lv Y, Wang W, Yao L, He J, Bai G, Lin C, Tu C. Sodium Fluoride and Sulfur Dioxide Derivatives Induce TGF-β1-Mediated NBCe1 Downregulation Causing Acid-Base Disorder of LS8 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:828-842. [PMID: 35304687 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to assess whether the combination of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide derivatives (SO2 derivatives) affects the expression of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 (SLC4A4), triggering an acid-base imbalance during enamel development, leading to enamel damage. LS8 cells was taken as the research objects and fluorescent probes, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and factorial analysis were used to clarify the nature of the fluoro-sulfur interaction and the potential signaling pathway involved in the regulation of NBCe1. The results showed that exposure to fluoride or SO2 derivatives resulted in an acid-base imbalance, and these changes were accompanied by inhibited expression of NBCe1 and TGF-β1; these effects were more significant after fluoride exposure as compared to exposure to SO2 derivatives. Interestingly, in most cases, the toxic effects during combined exposure were significantly reduced compared to the effects observed with fluoride or sulfur dioxide derivatives alone. The results also indicated that activation of TGF-β1 signaling significantly upregulated the expression of NBCe1, and this effect was suppressed after the Smad, ERK, and JNK signals were blocked. Furthermore, fluoride and SO2 derivative-dependent NBCe1 regulation was found to require TGF-β1. In conclusion, this study indicates that the combined effect of fluorine and sulfur on LS8 cells is mainly antagonistic. TGF-β1 may regulate NBCe1 and may participate in the occurrence of dental fluorosis through the classic TGF-β1/Smad pathway and the unconventional ERK and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lv
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wentai Wang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Yao
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Guohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changhu Lin
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Chenglong Tu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
- The Toxicity Testing Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
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19
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Sugaya H, Kurashige Y, Suzuki K, Sakakibara S, Fujita Y, Islam ST, Nezu T, Ito S, Abiko Y, Saitoh M. Regaining enamel color quality using enamel matrix derivative. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:116-127. [PMID: 36622467 PMCID: PMC10188587 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate and compare the accuracy of tooth shade selection due to the remineralized enamel crystal with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in vitro. Etched enamel slices were immersed in four types of mineralization buffers for 16 h. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was added to final concentrations of 1-100 ppm with the mineralization buffer that demonstrated the highest mineralization efficiency. EMD was added to the mineralization buffer containing NaF to see if it has any remineralization capacities. The remineralized enamel crystal was analyzed by SEM and XRD. The tooth shade was evaluated by CIE L*a*b*. The results showed that, without NaF, plate-like nanocrystals were formed on the enamel surface, but with NaF, needle-like nanocrystals were formed. By adding EMD, a layer of well-compacted hydroxyapatite crystals was successfully precipitated onto the natural enamel surface. No significant differences were observed in the L* value of the mineralization surface pre-etching and after mineralization buffer containing NaF and EMD. A new method has been developed to recover the color quality of enamel, as well as to mineralize the tooth enamel by constructing hydroxyapatite crystals with mineralization buffers containing NaF and EMD on the etched tooth surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sugaya
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kurashige
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kai Suzuki
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sakakibara
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Syed Taufiqul Islam
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Nezu
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Division of Dental Education Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
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20
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Souza Bomfim GH, Giacomello M, Lacruz RS. PMCA Ca 2+ clearance in dental enamel cells depends on the magnitude of cytosolic Ca 2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22679. [PMID: 36515675 PMCID: PMC11006021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201291r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enamel formation (amelogenesis) is a two-step process whereby crystals partially grow during the secretory stage followed by a significant growth expansion during the maturation stage concurrent with an increase in vectorial Ca2+ transport. This requires tight regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ (c Ca2+ ) concentration in the enamel forming ameloblasts by controlling Ca2+ influx (entry) and Ca2+ extrusion (clearance). Gene and protein expression studies suggest that the plasma membrane Ca2+ -ATPases (PMCA1-4) are likely involved in c Ca2+ extrusion in ameloblasts, yet no functional analysis of these pumps has been reported nor whether their activity changes across amelogenesis. PMCAs have high Ca2+ affinity and low Ca2+ clearance which may be a limiting factor in their contribution to enamel formation as maturation stage ameloblasts handle high Ca2+ loads. We analyzed PMCA function in rat secretory and maturation ameloblasts by blocking or potentiating these pumps. Low/moderate elevations in c Ca2+ measured using the Ca2+ probe Fura-2-AM show that secretory ameloblasts clear Ca2+ faster than maturation stage cells through PMCAs. This process was completely inhibited by an external alkaline (pH 9.0) solution or was significantly delayed by the PMCA blockers vanadate and caloxin 1b1. Eliciting higher c Ca2+ transients via the activation of the ORAI1 Ca2+ channel showed that the PMCAs of maturation ameloblasts were more efficient. Inhibiting PMCAs decreased the rate of Ca2+ influx via ORAI1 but potentiation with forskolin had no effect. Our findings suggest that PMCAs are functional Ca2+ pumps during amelogenesis regulating c Ca2+ upon low and/or moderate Ca2+ stimulus in secretory stage, thus participating in amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Liu Z, Lu J, Chen X, Xiu P, Zhang Y, Lv X, Jiang X, Wang K, Zhang L. A novel amelogenesis-inspired hydrogel composite for the remineralization of enamel non-cavitated lesions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:10150-10161. [PMID: 36472307 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enamel non-cavitated lesions (NCLs) are subsurface enamel porosity from carious demineralization. The developed enamel cannot repair itself once NCLs occurs. The regeneration of mineral crystals in a biomimetic environment is an effective way to repair enamel subsurface defects. Previously, an amelogenin-derived peptide named QP5 was proven to repair demineralized enamel. In this work, inspired by amelogenesis, a novel biomimetic hydrogel composite containing the QP5 peptide and bioactive glass (BG) was designed, in which QP5 could promote enamel remineralization by guiding the calcium and phosphorus ions provided by BG. Also, BG could adjust the mineralization micro-environment to alkalinity, simulating the pH regulation of ameloblasts during enamel maturity. The BQ hydrogel composite showed biosafety and possessed capacity for enamel binding, ion release and pH buffering. Enamel NCLs treated with the BQ hydrogel composite showed a higher reduction in lesion depth and mineral loss both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, compared to the hydrogels containing only BG or QP5, groups treated with the BQ hydrogel composite attained more surface microhardness recovery and color recovery, exhibiting resistance to erosion and abrasion of the remineralization layer. We envision that the BQ hydrogel composite can provide a biomimetic micro-environment to favor enamel remineralization, thus reducing the lesion depth and increasing the mineral content as a promising biomimetic material for enamel NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinmo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Jin T, Zhu W, Pandya M, Gopinathan G, Allen M, Reed D, Keiderling T, Liao X, Diekwisch TGH. Highly acidic pH facilitates enamel protein self-assembly, apatite crystal growth and enamel protein interactions in the early enamel matrix. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1019364. [PMID: 36569763 PMCID: PMC9772882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1019364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel develops within a pH sensitive amelogenin-rich protein matrix. The purpose of the present study is to shed light on the intimate relationship between enamel matrix pH, enamel protein self-assembly, and enamel crystal growth during early amelogenesis. Universal indicator dye staining revealed highly acidic pH values (pH 3-4) at the exocytosis site of secretory ameloblasts. When increasing the pH of an amelogenin solution from pH 5 to pH 7, there was a gradual increase in subunit compartment size from 2 nm diameter subunits at pH 5 to a stretched configuration at pH6 and to 20 nm subunits at pH 7. HSQC NMR spectra revealed that the formation of the insoluble amelogenin self-assembly structure at pH6 was critically mediated by at least seven of the 11 histidine residues of the amelogenin coil domain (AA 46-117). Comparing calcium crystal growth on polystyrene plates, crystal length was more than 20-fold elevated at pH 4 when compared to crystals grown at pH 6 or pH 7. To illustrate the effect of pH on enamel protein self-assembly at the site of initial enamel formation, molar teeth were immersed in phosphate buffer at pH4 and pH7, resulting in the formation of intricate berry tree-like assemblies surrounding initial enamel crystal assemblies at pH4 that were not evident at pH7 nor in citrate buffer. Amelogenin and ameloblastin enamel proteins interacted at the secretory ameloblast pole and in the initial enamel layer, and co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that this amelogenin/ameloblastin interaction preferentially takes place at pH 4-pH 4.5. Together, these studies highlight the highly acidic pH of the very early enamel matrix as an essential contributing factor for enamel protein structure and self-assembly, apatite crystal growth, and enamel protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States
| | - Tianquan Jin
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States
| | - Weiying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mirali Pandya
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A and M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Gokul Gopinathan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A and M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Michael Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - David Reed
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States
| | - Timothy Keiderling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy Keiderling, ; Xiubei Liao, ; Thomas G. H. Diekwisch,
| | - Xiubei Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy Keiderling, ; Xiubei Liao, ; Thomas G. H. Diekwisch,
| | - Thomas G. H. Diekwisch
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States,Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A and M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy Keiderling, ; Xiubei Liao, ; Thomas G. H. Diekwisch,
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23
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Elzein R, Abdel-Sater F, Mehawej C, Jalkh N, Ayoub F, Chouery E. Identification by whole-exome sequencing of new single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with molar-incisor hypomineralisation among the Lebanese population. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:919-928. [PMID: 35986881 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental qualitative enamel defect, causing a worldwide challenging dental problem. The etiology of this defect remains unclear. Here we identify by whole-exome sequencing (WES) new single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes expressed during enamel mineralization and in those modulating prenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors among the Lebanese MIH children: immune system and xenobiotic detoxification. DESIGN Dental examination for MIH was performed based on the MIH index for diagnostic criteria. Saliva samples were collected from 37 non-related, MIH-diagnosed subjects for DNA extraction. WES was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to determine relationship between SNPs frequencies and MIH. OR and its 95% CI were used to report the strength of association. The significance threshold was set at 0.05. RESULTS Among the Lebanese population, 37 SNPs presented a significant association with MIH in the following genes: AMTN, MMP-20, STIM1, STIM2, ORAI1, SLC34A2, SLC34A3, VDR, PVALB, HSP90B1, TRPM7, SLC24A4, CA6, SLC4A2, TNFRSF11A, IL10RB, ARNT, ESR1 and CYP1B1. CONCLUSION This is the first WES study conducted in patients with MIH. Yet, interactions between polymorphisms in different gene categories are to be investigated for a better assessment of MIH susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elzein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - F Abdel-Sater
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cellular Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - N Jalkh
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - F Ayoub
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Human Identification and Anthropology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - E Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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24
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Polymorphisms in genes expressed during amelogenesis and their association with dental caries: a case–control study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1681-1695. [PMID: 36422720 PMCID: PMC10102052 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Dental caries is a widespread multifactorial disease, caused by the demineralization of hard dental tissues. Susceptibility to dental caries is partially genetically conditioned; this study was aimed at finding an association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins involved in amelogenesis with this disease in children.
Materials and methods
In this case–control study, 15 SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, AMELX, KLK4, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes were analyzed in 150 children with primary dentition and 611 children with permanent teeth with/without dental caries from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort.
Results
Dental caries in primary dentition was associated with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs198968, rs2242670), and dental caries in permanent dentition with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs2235091, rs2242670, rs2978642), (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences between cases and controls were observed in the allele or genotype frequencies of any of the selected SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes (p > 0.05). Some KLK4 haplotypes were associated with dental caries in permanent dentition (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions
Based on this study, we found that although the SNPs in AMELX and KLK4 are localized in intronic regions and their functional significance has not yet been determined, they are associated with susceptibility to dental caries in children.
Clinical relevance
AMELX and KLK4 variants could be considered in the risk assessment of dental caries, especially in permanent dentition, in the European Caucasian population.
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25
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Li Y, Costiniti V, Souza Bomfim GH, Neginskaya M, Son GY, Rothermel B, Pavlov E, Lacruz RS. Overexpression of RCAN1, a Gene on Human Chromosome 21, Alters Cell Redox and Mitochondrial Function in Enamel Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3576. [PMID: 36429004 PMCID: PMC9688881 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS show dental abnormalities for unknown reasons, and RCAN1 levels have been found to be elevated in several tissues of DS patients. A previous microarray analysis comparing cells of the two main formative stages of dental enamel, secretory and maturation, showed a significant increase in RCAN1 expression in the latter. Because the function of RCAN1 during enamel formation is unknown, there is no mechanistic evidence linking RCAN1 with the dental anomalies in individuals with DS. We investigated the role of RCAN1 in enamel by overexpressing RCAN1 in the ameloblast cell line LS8 (LS8+RCAN1). We first confirmed that RCAN1 is highly expressed in maturation stage ameloblasts by qRT-PCR and used immunofluorescence to show its localization in enamel-forming ameloblasts. We then analyzed cell redox and mitochondrial bioenergetics in LS8+RCAN1 cells because RCAN1 is known to impact these processes. We show that LS8+RCAN1 cells have increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics without changes in the expression of the complexes of the electron transport chain, or in NADH levels. However, LS8+RCAN1 cells showed elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and decreased expression of several enamel genes essential for enamel formation. These results provide insight into the role of RCAN1 in enamel and suggest that increased RCAN1 levels in the ameloblasts of individuals with DS may impact enamel formation by altering both the redox environment and mitochondrial function, as well as decreasing the expression of enamel-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guilherme H. Souza Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Beverly Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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26
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Zhong J, Shibata Y. The structural motifs of mineralized hard tissues from nano- to mesoscale: A future perspective for material science. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:348-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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27
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Damian LR, Dumitrescu R, Alexa VT, Focht D, Schwartz C, Balean O, Jumanca D, Obistioiu D, Lalescu D, Stefaniga SA, Berbecea A, Fratila AD, Scurtu AD, Galuscan A. Impact of Dentistry Materials on Chemical Remineralisation/Infiltration versus Salivary Remineralisation of Enamel-In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7258. [PMID: 36295323 PMCID: PMC9612028 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate salivary remineralisation versus chemical remineralisation/infiltration of enamel, using different dentistry materials. The enamel changes were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the depth of lesions and demineralisation/remineralisation/infiltration percentage were calculated. Additionally, the macro elemental composition of the teeth was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Two studies were performed: (i) demineralisation of enamel in 3% citric acid and infiltration treatment with infiltration resin (Icon, DMG), remineralisation with Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) and artificial saliva pH 8; and (ii) enamel demineralisation in saliva at pH 3 and remineralisation at salivary pH 8. The results showed that, firstly, for the remineralisation of demineralised enamel samples, Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) was very effective for medium demineralised lesions followed by saliva remineralisation. In cases of deep demineralisation lesions where fluoride could not penetrate, low viscosity resin (Icon, DMG, Hamburg) effectively infiltrated to stop the demineralisation process. Secondly, remineralisation in salivary conditions needed supplementary study over a longer period, to analyse the habits, diet and nutrition of patients in detail. Finally, demineralisation/remineralisation processes were found to influence the macro elemental composition of enamel demineralisation, with natural saliva proving to be less aggressive in terms of decreasing Ca and Mg content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia-Raluca Damian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Tiberiu Alexa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - David Focht
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristoph Schwartz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavia Balean
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dacian Lalescu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Denisa Scurtu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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28
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Obtel N, Le Cabec A, Nguyen TN, Giabicani E, Van Malderen SJM, Garrevoet J, Percot A, Paris C, Dean C, Hadj‐Rabia S, Houillier P, Breiderhoff T, Bardet C, Coradin T, Ramirez Rozzi F, Chaussain C. Impact of claudin-10 deficiency on amelogenesis: Lesson from a HELIX tooth. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:197-211. [PMID: 35902997 PMCID: PMC9796262 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In epithelia, claudin proteins are important components of the tight junctions as they determine the permeability and specificity to ions of the paracellular pathway. Mutations in CLDN10 cause the rare autosomal recessive HELIX syndrome (Hypohidrosis, Electrolyte imbalance, Lacrimal gland dysfunction, Ichthyosis, and Xerostomia), in which patients display severe enamel wear. Here, we assess whether this enamel wear is caused by an innate fragility directly related to claudin-10 deficiency in addition to xerostomia. A third molar collected from a female HELIX patient was analyzed by a combination of microanatomical and physicochemical approaches (i.e., electron microscopy, elemental mapping, Raman microspectroscopy, and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence). The enamel morphology, formation time, organization, and microstructure appeared to be within the natural variability. However, we identified accentuated strontium variations within the HELIX enamel, with alternating enrichments and depletions following the direction of the periodical striae of Retzius. These markings were also present in dentin. These data suggest that the enamel wear associated with HELIX may not be related to a disruption of enamel microstructure but rather to xerostomia. However, the occurrence of events of strontium variations within dental tissues might indicate repeated episodes of worsening of the renal dysfunction that may require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Obtel
- Université Paris Cité, URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU‐DDS‐net, IHMOA, Dental SchoolMontrougeFrance,AP‐HP Services de médecine bucco‐dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires Bretonneau (CRMR phosphore et calcium, filière OSCAR et ERN Bond) and Charles Foix, FHU DDS‐netIle de FranceFrance
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199PessacFrance,Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | - Thè Nghia Nguyen
- Université Paris Cité, URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU‐DDS‐net, IHMOA, Dental SchoolMontrougeFrance
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- Université Paris Cité, URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU‐DDS‐net, IHMOA, Dental SchoolMontrougeFrance
| | | | | | - Aline Percot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, De la Molécule aux Nano‐Objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS)ParisFrance
| | - Céline Paris
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, De la Molécule aux Nano‐Objets: Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS)ParisFrance
| | - Christopher Dean
- Department of Earth Sciences, Centre for Human Evolution ResearchNatural History MuseumLondonUK,Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Smail Hadj‐Rabia
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM1163 Institut Imagine; APHP, Hôpital Necker‐Enfants Malades, Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Rare Skin DiseasesParisFrance
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS‐ERL8228ParisFrance,APHP, Service de Physiologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Hôpital Européen Georges PompidouParisFrance
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of PediatricsBerlinGermany
| | - Claire Bardet
- Université Paris Cité, URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU‐DDS‐net, IHMOA, Dental SchoolMontrougeFrance
| | - Thibaud Coradin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de ParisParisFrance
| | - Fernando Ramirez Rozzi
- Université Paris Cité, URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU‐DDS‐net, IHMOA, Dental SchoolMontrougeFrance,Eco‐anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université Paris Cité, URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU‐DDS‐net, IHMOA, Dental SchoolMontrougeFrance,AP‐HP Services de médecine bucco‐dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires Bretonneau (CRMR phosphore et calcium, filière OSCAR et ERN Bond) and Charles Foix, FHU DDS‐netIle de FranceFrance
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29
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Liang T, Wang SK, Smith C, Zhang H, Hu Y, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Kasimoglu Y, Kim JW, Zhang C, Saunders TL, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Enamel defects in Acp4 R110C/R110C mice and human ACP4 mutations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16477. [PMID: 36183038 PMCID: PMC9526733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ACP4 (OMIM*606362) encodes a transmembrane protein that belongs to histidine acid phosphatase (ACP) family. Recessive mutations in ACP4 cause non-syndromic hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI1J, OMIM#617297). While ACP activity has long been detected in developing teeth, its functions during tooth development and the pathogenesis of ACP4-associated AI remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized 2 AI1J families and identified a novel ACP4 disease-causing mutation: c.774_775del, p.Gly260Aspfs*29. To investigate the role of ACP4 during amelogenesis, we generated and characterized Acp4R110C mice that carry the p.(Arg110Cys) loss-of-function mutation. Mouse Acp4 expression was the strongest at secretory stage ameloblasts, and the protein localized primarily at Tomes' processes. While Acp4 heterozygous (Acp4+/R110C) mice showed no phenotypes, incisors and molars of homozygous (Acp4R110C/R110C) mice exhibited a thin layer of aplastic enamel with numerous ectopic mineralized nodules. Acp4R110C/R110C ameloblasts appeared normal initially but underwent pathology at mid-way of secretory stage. Ultrastructurally, sporadic enamel ribbons grew on mineralized dentin but failed to elongate, and aberrant needle-like crystals formed instead. Globs of organic matrix accumulated by the distal membranes of defective Tomes' processes. These results demonstrated a critical role for ACP4 in appositional growth of dental enamel probably by processing and regulating enamel matrix proteins around mineralization front apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Charles Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuhua Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Division of Molecular, Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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30
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Cabreira SF, Schultz CL, da Silva LR, Lora LHP, Pakulski C, do Rêgo RCB, Soares MB, Smith MM, Richter M. Diphyodont tooth replacement of Brasilodon-A Late Triassic eucynodont that challenges the time of origin of mammals. J Anat 2022; 241:1424-1440. [PMID: 36065514 PMCID: PMC9644961 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two sets of teeth (diphyodonty) characterise extant mammals but not reptiles, as they generate many replacement sets (polyphyodonty). The transition in long-extinct species from many sets to only two has to date only been reported in Jurassic eucynodonts. Specimens of the Late Triassic brasilodontid eucynodont Brasilodon have provided anatomical and histological data from three lower jaws of different growth stages. These reveal ordered and timed replacement of deciduous by adult teeth. Therefore, this diphyodont dentition, as contemporary of the oldest known dinosaurs, shows that Brasilodon falls within a range of wide variations of typically mammalian, diphyodont dental patterns. Importantly, these three lower jaws represent distinct ontogenetic stages that reveal classic features for timed control of replacement, by the generation of only one replacement set of teeth. This data shows that the primary premolars reveal a temporal replacement pattern, importantly from directly below each tooth, by controlled regulation of tooth resorption and regeneration. The complexity of the adult prismatic enamel structure with a conspicuous intra-structural Schmelzmuster array suggests that, as in the case of extant mammals, this extinct species would have probably sustained higher metabolic rates than reptiles. Furthermore, in modern mammals, diphyodonty and prismatic enamel are inextricably linked, anatomically and physiologically, to a set of other traits including placentation, endothermy, fur, lactation and even parental care. Our analysis of the osteodental anatomy of Brasilodon pushes back the origin of diphyodonty and consequently, its related biological traits to the Norian (225.42 ± 0.37 myr), and around 25 myr after the End-Permian mass extinction event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio F Cabreira
- Associação Sul Brasileira de Paleontologia, Faxinal do Soturno, Brazil
| | - Cesar L Schultz
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lúcio R da Silva
- Associação Sul Brasileira de Paleontologia, Faxinal do Soturno, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marina B Soares
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Moya Meredith Smith
- Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martha Richter
- Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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31
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Aguilar-Gálvez D, Maguiña-Mercedes JC. [The dentobiome and the minimum intervention in dentistry]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e124. [PMID: 38389552 PMCID: PMC10880718 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1003-2022-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
All of us who observe the chilling figures of children with dental caries on a daily basis and more recently the more frequent presence of enamel alterations and among them incisor molar hypomineralization, we begin to think what really happens with that tissue considered the strongest. of the human body; however, it bows down to an acid attack resulting from bacterial metabolism. And the question arises: Could it be that the tooth is already born with a predisposition to develop certain microorganisms? This comprehensive review of the literature, summarizing the authors' perspectives; aims to explore the knowledge about the biome and apply it to the dental organ and make available the definition of dentobiome, as an appropriate term for dental flora. Starting from this knowledge, apply it to better understand today the execution of the philosophy of minimal intervention and the development of materials that must be biocompatible with the dental structure but must also prevent dysbiosis and establish homeostasis in the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Aguilar-Gálvez
- División de Odontopediatría, Carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. Universidad Científica del Sur División de Odontopediatría Carrera de Estomatología Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
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32
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Loss of BMP2 and BMP4 Signaling in the Dental Epithelium Causes Defective Enamel Maturation and Aberrant Development of Ameloblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116095. [PMID: 35682776 PMCID: PMC9180982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling is crucial for differentiation of secretory ameloblasts, the cells that secrete enamel matrix. However, whether BMP signaling is required for differentiation of maturation-stage ameloblasts (MA), which are instrumental for enamel maturation into hard tissue, is hitherto unknown. To address this, we used an in vivo genetic approach which revealed that combined deactivation of the Bmp2 and Bmp4 genes in the murine dental epithelium causes development of dysmorphic and dysfunctional MA. These fail to exhibit a ruffled apical plasma membrane and to reabsorb enamel matrix proteins, leading to enamel defects mimicking hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. Furthermore, subsets of mutant MA underwent pathological single or collective cell migration away from the ameloblast layer, forming cysts and/or exuberant tumor-like and gland-like structures. Massive apoptosis in the adjacent stratum intermedium and the abnormal cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix adhesion of MA may contribute to this aberrant behavior. The mutant MA also exhibited severely diminished tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, revealing that this enzyme’s activity in MA crucially depends on BMP2 and BMP4 inputs. Our findings show that combined BMP2 and BMP4 signaling is crucial for survival of the stratum intermedium and for proper development and function of MA to ensure normal enamel maturation.
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33
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Choi H, Lee K, Kim D, Kim S, Lee JH. The implication of holocytochrome c synthase mutation in Korean familial hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4487-4498. [PMID: 35243551 PMCID: PMC9203382 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to comprehensively characterise genetic variants of amelogenesis imperfecta in a single Korean family through whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Material and methods Thirty-one individuals of a Korean family, 9 of whom were affected and 22 unaffected by amelogenesis imperfecta, were enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 12 saliva samples, including samples from 8 affected and 4 unaffected individuals. The possible candidate genes associated with the disease were screened by segregation analysis and variant filtering. In silico mutation impact analysis was then performed on the filtered variants based on sequence conservation and protein structure. Results Whole-exome sequencing data revealed an X-linked dominant, heterozygous genomic missense mutation in the mitochondrial gene holocytochrome c synthase (HCCS). We also found that HCCS is potentially related to the role of mitochondria in amelogenesis. The HCCS variant was expected to be deleterious in both evolution-based and large population-based analyses. Further, the variant was predicted to have a negative effect on catalytic function of HCCS by in silico analysis of protein structure. In addition, HCCS had significant association with amelogenesis in literature mining analysis. Conclusions These findings suggest new evidence for the relationship between amelogenesis and mitochondria function, which could be implicated in the pathogenesis of amelogenesis imperfecta. Clinical relevance The discovery of HCCS mutations and a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of amelogenesis imperfecta could lead to finding solutions for the fundamental treatment of this disease. Furthermore, it enables dental practitioners to establish predictable prosthetic treatment plans at an early stage by early detection of amelogenesis imperfecta through personalised medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04413-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Bussaneli DG, Vieira AR, Santos-Pinto L, Restrepo M. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: an updated view for aetiology 20 years later. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:193-198. [PMID: 34392496 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) was introduced in 2001 by Weerheijm, Jälevik and Alaluusua, and describes a defect of systemic origin that affects one to four first permanent molars, often associated with permanent incisors. In the past 20 years, this definition dictated the work regarding MIH prevalence, associated risk factors, association with dental caries, impact on quality of life, and therapeutic options. PURPOSE In this report, we offer an updated and comprehensive view of MIH centred on the patient and the tooth. CONCLUSION MIH today is globally recognized as a potential public health problem and it is not a defect of purely systemic origin but rather a condition with complex aetiology that in some instances may be the result of gene-environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Bussaneli
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L Santos-Pinto
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Restrepo
- Basic and Clinical Research Group in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia.
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35
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GHS, Neginskaya M, Son GY, Mitaishvili E, Giacomello M, Pavlov E, Lacruz RS. Mitochondria modulate ameloblast Ca 2+ signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22169. [PMID: 35084775 PMCID: PMC8852362 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in enamel, the most mineralized tissue in the body, is poorly defined. Enamel is formed by ameloblast cells in two main sequential stages known as secretory and maturation. Defining the physiological features of each stage is essential to understand mineralization. Here, we analyzed functional features of mitochondria in rat primary secretory and maturation-stage ameloblasts focusing on their role in Ca2+ signaling. Quantification of the Ca2+ stored in the mitochondria by trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone stimulation was comparable in both stages. The release of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pools by adenosine triphosphate in rhod2AM-loaded cells showed similar mitochondrial Ca2+ (m Ca2+ ) uptake. However, m Ca2+ extrusion via Na+ -Li+ -Ca2+ exchanger was more prominent in maturation. To address if m Ca2+ uptake via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) played a role in cytosolic Ca2+ (c Ca2+ ) buffering, we stimulated Ca2+ influx via the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and blocked MCU with the inhibitor Ru265. This inhibitor was first tested using the enamel cell line LS8 cells. Ru265 prevented c Ca2+ clearance in permeabilized LS8 cells like ruthenium red, and it did not affect ΔΨm in intact cells. In primary ameloblasts, SOCE stimulation elicited a significantly higher m Ca2+ uptake in maturation ameloblasts. The uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondria was dramatically decreased in the presence of Ru265. Combined, these results suggest an increased mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in maturation but only upon stimulation of Ca2+ influx via SOCE. These functional studies provide insights not only on the role of mitochondria in ameloblast Ca2+ physiology, but also advance the concept that SOCE and m Ca2+ uptake are complementary processes in biological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Guilherme H. S. Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
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36
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Inoue A, Kiyoshima T, Yoshizaki K, Nakatomi C, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H, Shin M, Gao J, Tsuru K, Okabe K, Nakamura I, Honda H, Matsuda M, Takahashi I, Jimi E. Deletion of epithelial cell-specific p130Cas impairs the maturation stage of amelogenesis. Bone 2022; 154:116210. [PMID: 34592494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis consists of secretory, transition, maturation, and post-maturation stages, and the morphological changes of ameloblasts at each stage are closely related to their function. p130 Crk-associated substrate (Cas) is a scaffold protein that modulates essential cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cytoskeletal changes, and polarization. The expression of p130Cas was observed from the secretory stage to the maturation stage in ameloblasts. Epithelial cell-specific p130Cas-deficient (p130CasΔepi-) mice exhibited enamel hypomineralization with chalk-like white mandibular incisors in young mice and attrition in aged mouse molars. A micro-computed tomography analysis and Vickers micro-hardness testing showed thinner enamel, lower enamel mineral density and hardness in p130CasΔepi- mice in comparison to p130Casflox/flox mice. Scanning electron microscopy, and an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated the disturbance of the enamel rod structure and lower Ca and P contents in p130CasΔepi- mice, respectively. The disorganized arrangement of ameloblasts, especially in the maturation stage, was observed in p130CasΔepi- mice. Furthermore, expression levels of enamel matrix proteins, such as amelogenin and ameloblastin in the secretory stage, and functional markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and iron accumulation, and Na+/Ca2++K+-exchanger in the maturation stage were reduced in p130CasΔepi- mice. These findings suggest that p130Cas plays important roles in amelogenesis (197 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan; Oral Medicine Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Section of Bioengineering, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Koji Okabe
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yugawara Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, 2-21-6 Chuo, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa 259-0396, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Visakan G, Su J, Moradian-Oldak J. Ameloblastin promotes polarization of ameloblast cell lines in a 3-D cell culture system. Matrix Biol 2022; 105:72-86. [PMID: 34813898 PMCID: PMC8955733 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies on animal models with mutations in ameloblastin gene have suggested that the extracellular matrix protein ameloblastin (AMBN) plays important roles in controlling cell-matrix adhesion and ameloblast polarization during amelogenesis. In order to examine the function of AMBN in cell polarization and morphology, we developed an in vitro 3D cell culture model to examine the effect of AMBN and amelogenin (AMEL) addition on ameloblast cell lines. We further used high resolution confocal microscopy to detect expression of polarization markers in response to AMBN addition. Addition of AMBN to the 3D culture matrix resulted in the clustering and elongation (higher aspect ratio) of ALC in a dose dependent manner. The molar concentration of AMEL required to exact this response from ALC was 2.75- times greater than that of AMBN. This polarization effect of ameloblastin was attributable directly to an evolutionary conserved domain within its exon 5-encoded region. The lack of exon 6-encoded region also influenced AMBN-cell interactions but to a lesser extent. The clusters formed with AMBN were polarized with expression of E-cadherin, Par3 and Cldn1 assembly at the nascent cell-cell junctions. The elongation effect was specific to epithelial cells of ameloblastic lineage ALC and LS8 cells. Our data suggest that AMBN may play critical signaling roles in the initiation of cell polarity by acting as a communicator between cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Our investigation has important implications for understanding the function of ameloblastin in enamel-cell matrix adhesion and the outcomes may contribute to efforts to develop strategies for enamel tissue regeneration.
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Klevezal GA, Lobkov VA, Shchepotkin DV. Hibernation Records on the Surface of Rodent Incisors: Intraspecific Variations and Interspecific Differences. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021090089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Seymen F, Zhang H, Kasimoglu Y, Koruyucu M, Simmer JP, Hu JCC, Kim JW. Novel Mutations in GPR68 and SLC24A4 Cause Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta. J Pers Med 2021; 12:jpm12010013. [PMID: 35055328 PMCID: PMC8781920 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare genetic condition affecting the quantity and/or quality of tooth enamel. Hypomaturation AI is characterized by brownish-yellow discoloration with increased opacity and poorly mineralized enamel prone to fracture and attrition. We recruited three families affected by hypomaturation AI and performed whole exome sequencing with selected individuals in each family. Bioinformatic analysis and Sanger sequencing identified and confirmed mutations and segregation in the families. Family 1 had a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in GPR68 gene (NM_003485.3:c.78_83delinsC, p.(Val27Cysfs*146)). Family 2 had a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in SLC24A4 gene (NM_153646.4:c.613C>T, NP_705932.2:p.(Arg205*)). Family 3 also had a homozygous missense mutation in SLC24A4 gene which was reported previously (c.437C>T, p.(Ala146Val)). This report not only expands the mutational spectrum of the AI-causing genes but also improves our understanding of normal and pathologic amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (F.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (F.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; (F.S.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Jan C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry & DRI, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry & DRI, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Lima LJS, Ramos-Jorge ML, Soares MEC. Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal events associated with hypomineralized second primary molar: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6501-6516. [PMID: 34414520 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) appears to be multifactorial but remains uncertain. Thus, the objective was to systematically review studies that investigated adverse health conditions in the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods associated with HSPM. MATERIAL AND METHODS The search was carried out in five databases and in gray literature. The risk of bias of observational studies was analyzed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS A total of 1878 studies were identified. Fourteen were eligible, and seven were included in the meta-analysis. Maternal smoking (OR = 2.88; 95%CI: 1.62-5.15) and presence of maternal hypertension (OR = 2.91; 95%CI: 1.35-6.28) were significantly associated with higher odds of HSPM. In the perinatal period, factors associated with HSPM were low birth weight (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.15-1.96), prematurity (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.37-2.71), delivery complications (OR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.52-3.83) and need for an incubator (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.01-2.70). Not breastfeeding (OR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.58), use of antibiotics by the child (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.04-1.48), fever (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.10-1.72) and asthma (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.16-3.13) were the postnatal factors associated with HSPM. CONCLUSION Maternal smoking, maternal hypertension, low birth weight, prematurity, delivery complications, need for incubation, not breastfeeding, antibiotic use, fever and childhood asthma were associated with HSPM. Well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed. Clinical relevance Understanding the etiological factors can be guiding aspects for individual clinical approaches, as well as guiding the design of preventive interventions for HSPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jordana Santos Lima
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Rua da Glória, n. 187, Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Rua da Glória, n. 187, Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza Consolação Soares
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri, Rua da Glória, n. 187, Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Oliveira Mascarenhas R, Sena-Souza JP, Bernasconi SM, McKenzie JA, Vasconcelos C, Muniz TR, Nogueira E Silva MP, da Silva Salvador FA, Rumbelsperger AMB. Building an isoscape based on tooth enamel for human provenance estimation in Brazil. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 330:111109. [PMID: 34839156 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a correlation between δ18OC values of carbonate in tooth enamel samples from the modern Brazilian population and the available δ18ODW data for the meteoric water from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP). Tooth enamel from 119 Brazilian individuals from five different regions of the country were analyzed. The δ18OC isoscape obtained is in good agreement with the isoscape based on regional meteoric and drinking water. The regression matrix obtained for the δ18O values of the carbonate tooth enamel and meteoric water was used to build an isoscape using the regression-kriging approach. Our data show that Brazil can be divided in two main regions with respect to the δ18O values of the carbonate tooth enamel: (1) the most easterly part of the northeast region, which is characterized by a warm and dry climate and (2) the remainder of the country, stretching from the Amazon rain forest to the more southernly regions. The data herein reported can be used for forensic purposes related to human identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira Mascarenhas
- Brazilian Federal Police, Technical-Scientific Section, R. Profa. Sandália Monzon 210, 82640-040, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Mineral and Rock Analysis (LAMIR), Department of Geology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19062, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Sena-Souza
- Department of Geosciences, State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), Campus Universitário Prof. Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Prof. Rui Braga, s/n - Vila Mauriceia, 39401-089 Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Stefano M Bernasconi
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Judith A McKenzie
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Crisógono Vasconcelos
- Center for Technological Development (CEDES), Geological Survey of Brazil, Av. Pasteur 404, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Taís Ribeiro Muniz
- Laboratory of Mineral and Rock Analysis (LAMIR), Department of Geology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19062, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Leucine rich amelogenin peptide prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259966. [PMID: 34780561 PMCID: PMC8592471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenins, major extra cellular matrix proteins of developing tooth enamel, are predominantly expressed by ameloblasts and play significant roles in the formation of enamel. Recently, amelogenin has been detected in various epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, implicating that it might have distinct functions in various tissues. We have previously reported that leucine rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), one of the alternate splice forms of amelogenin, regulates receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in cementoblast/periodontal ligament cells, suggesting that the amelogenins, especially LRAP, might function as a signaling molecule in bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to identify and define LRAP functions in bone turnover. We engineered transgenic (TgLRAP) mice using a murine 2.3kb α1(I)-collagen promoter to drive expression of a transgene consisting of LRAP, an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to study functions of LRAP in bone formation and resorption. Calvarial cell cultures from the TgLRAP mice showed increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased formation of mineralized nodules compared to the cells derived from wild-type (WT) mice. The TgLRAP calvarial cells also showed an inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Gene expression comparison by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) in calvarial cells indicated that bone formation makers such as Runx2, Alp, and osteocalcin were increased in TgLRAP compared to the WT cells. Meanwhile, Rankl expression was decreased in the TgLRAP cells in vitro. The ovariectomized (OVX) TgLRAP mice resisted bone loss induced by ovariectomy resulting in higher bone mineral density in comparison to OVX WT mice. The quantitative analysis of calcein intakes indicated that the ovariectomy resulted in increased bone formation in both WT and TgLRAP mice; OVX TgLRAP appeared to show the most remarkably increased bone formation. The parameters for bone resorption in tissue sections showed increased number of osteoclasts in OVX WT, but not in OVX TgLRAP over that of sham operated WT or TgLRAP mice, supporting the observed bone phenotypes in OVX mice. This is the first report identifying that LRAP, one of the amelogenin splice variants, affects bone turnover in vivo.
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Al Madhoun A, Sindhu S, Haddad D, Atari M, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F. Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived From Adult Human Third Molar Tooth: A Brief Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717624. [PMID: 34712658 PMCID: PMC8545885 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and stem cell-based tissue engineering have the potential of treating numerous tissue and organ defects. The use of adult stem cells is of particular interest when it comes to dynamic applications in translational medicine. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been traced in third molars of adult humans. DPSCs have been isolated and characterized by several groups. DPSCs have promising characteristics including self-renewal capacity, rapid proliferation, colony formation, multi-lineage differentiation, and pluripotent gene expression profile. Nevertheless, genotypic, and phenotypic heterogeneities have been reported for DPSCs subpopulations which may influence their therapeutic potentials. The underlying causes of DPSCs’ heterogeneity remain poorly understood; however, their heterogeneity emerges as a consequence of an interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic cellular factors. The main objective of the manuscript is to review the current literature related to the human DPSCs derived from the third molar, with a focus on their physiological properties, isolation procedures, culture conditions, self-renewal, proliferation, lineage differentiation capacities and their prospective advances use in pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Maher Atari
- Biointelligence Technology Systems S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
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Altaie AM, Venkatachalam T, Samaranayake LP, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals the Microenvironment of Common T-Helper Cells and Differential Immune Cells Linked to Unique Periapical Lesions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707267. [PMID: 34539639 PMCID: PMC8446658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical abscesses, radicular cysts, and periapical granulomas are the most frequently identified pathological lesions in the alveolar bone. While little is known about the initiation and progression of these conditions, the metabolic environment and the related immunological behaviors were examined for the first time to model the development of each pathological condition. Metabolites were extracted from each lesion and profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with healthy pulp tissue. The metabolites were clustered and linked to their related immune cell fractions. Clusters I and J in the periapical abscess upregulated the expression of MMP-9, IL-8, CYP4F3, and VEGF, while clusters L and M were related to lipophagy and apoptosis in radicular cyst, and cluster P in periapical granuloma, which contains L-(+)-lactic acid and ethylene glycol, was related to granuloma formation. Oleic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-nonadecene, and L-(+)-lactic acid were significantly the highest unique metabolites in healthy pulp tissue, periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma, respectively. The correlated enriched metabolic pathways were identified, and the related active genes were predicted. Glutamatergic synapse (16–20),-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, lipophagy, and retinoid X receptor coupled with vitamin D receptor were the most significantly enriched pathways in healthy control, abscess, cyst, and granuloma, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, significant upregulation in the gene expression of CYP4F3, VEGF, IL-8, TLR2 (P < 0.0001), and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) was found in the abscesses. While IL-12A was significantly upregulated in cysts (P < 0.01), IL-17A represents the highest significantly upregulated gene in granulomas (P < 0.0001). From the predicted active genes, CIBERSORT suggested the presence of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in different proportions. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-17D genes were shown to be associated with periapical lesions and other oral lesions. Collectively, the unique metabolism and related immune response shape up an environment that initiates and maintains the existence and progression of these oral lesions, suggesting an important role in diagnosis and effective targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lakshman P Samaranayake
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Biomineralization of enamel, dentin, and bone involves the deposition of apatite mineral crystals within an organic matrix. Bone and teeth are classic examples of biomaterials with unique biomechanical properties that are crucial to their function. The collagen-based apatite mineralization and the important function of noncollagenous proteins are similar in dentin and bone; however, enamel is formed in a unique amelogenin-containing protein matrix. While the structure and organic composition of enamel are different from those of dentin and bone, the principal molecular mechanisms of protein-protein interactions, protein self-assembly, and control of crystallization events by the organic matrix are common among these apatite-containing tissues. This review briefly summarizes enamel and dentin matrix components and their interactions with other extracellular matrix components and calcium ions in mediating the mineralization process. We highlight the crystallization events that are controlled by the protein matrix and their interactions in the extracellular matrix during enamel and dentin biomineralization. Strategies for peptide-inspired biomimetic growth of tooth enamel and bioinspired mineralization of collagen to stimulate repair of demineralized dentin and bone tissue engineering are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A George
- Brodie Tooth Development Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Smith CEL, Whitehouse LLE, Poulter JA, Wilkinson Hewitt L, Nadat F, Jackson BR, Manfield IW, Edwards TA, Rodd HD, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. A missense variant in specificity protein 6 (SP6) is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1417-1425. [PMID: 32167558 PMCID: PMC7268548 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis is the process of enamel formation. For amelogenesis to proceed, the cells of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE) must first proliferate and then differentiate into the enamel-producing ameloblasts. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of genetic conditions that result in defective or absent tooth enamel. We identified a 2 bp variant c.817_818GC>AA in SP6, the gene encoding the SP6 transcription factor, in a Caucasian family with autosomal dominant hypoplastic AI. The resulting missense protein change, p.(Ala273Lys), is predicted to alter a DNA-binding residue in the first of three zinc fingers. SP6 has been shown to be crucial to both proliferation of the IEE and to its differentiation into ameloblasts. SP6 has also been implicated as an AI candidate gene through its study in rodent models. We investigated the effect of the missense variant in SP6 (p.(Ala273Lys)) using surface plasmon resonance protein-DNA binding studies. We identified a potential SP6 binding motif in the AMBN proximal promoter sequence and showed that wild-type (WT) SP6 binds more strongly to it than the mutant protein. We hypothesize that SP6 variants may be a very rare cause of AI due to the critical roles of SP6 in development and that the relatively mild effect of the missense variant identified in this study is sufficient to affect amelogenesis causing AI, but not so severe as to be incompatible with life. We suggest that current AI cohorts, both with autosomal recessive and dominant disease, be screened for SP6 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E L Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Laura L E Whitehouse
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - James A Poulter
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Laura Wilkinson Hewitt
- Protein Production Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fatima Nadat
- Protein Production Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Brian R Jackson
- Protein Production Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Iain W Manfield
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Technology Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas A Edwards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen D Rodd
- Academic Unit of Oral Health Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alan J Mighell
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GH, Mitaishvili E, Son GY, Li Y, Lacruz RS. Calcium Transport in Specialized Dental Epithelia and Its Modulation by Fluoride. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:730913. [PMID: 34456880 PMCID: PMC8385142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.730913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells use calcium (Ca2+) as a second messenger to convey signals that affect a multitude of biological processes. The ability of Ca2+ to bind to proteins to alter their charge and conformation is essential to achieve its signaling role. Cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) concentration is maintained low at ~100 nM so that the impact of elevations in cCa2+ is readily sensed and transduced by cells. However, such elevations in cCa2+ must be transient to prevent detrimental effects. Cells have developed a variety of systems to rapidly clear the excess of cCa2+ including Ca2+ pumps, exchangers and sequestering Ca2+ within intracellular organelles. This Ca2+ signaling toolkit is evolutionarily adapted so that each cell, tissue, and organ can fulfill its biological function optimally. One of the most specialized cells in mammals are the enamel forming cells, the ameloblasts, which also handle large quantities of Ca2+. The end goal of ameloblasts is to synthesize, secrete and mineralize a unique proteinaceous matrix without the benefit of remodeling or repair mechanisms. Ca2+ uptake into ameloblasts is mainly regulated by the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) before it is transported across the polarized ameloblasts to reach the insulated enamel space. Here we review the ameloblasts Ca2+ signaling toolkit and address how the common electronegative non-metal fluoride can alter its function, potentially addressing the biology of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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48
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Abramyan J, Geetha-Loganathan P, Šulcová M, Buchtová M. Role of Cell Death in Cellular Processes During Odontogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671475. [PMID: 34222243 PMCID: PMC8250436 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a tooth germ in a precise size, shape, and position in the jaw, involves meticulous regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the distribution and function of apoptotic cells during odontogenesis in several vertebrate lineages, with a special focus on amniotes (mammals and reptiles). We discuss the regulatory roles that apoptosis plays on various cellular processes during odontogenesis. We also review apoptosis-associated molecular signaling during tooth development, including its relationship with the autophagic pathway. Lastly, we cover apoptotic pathway disruption, and alterations in apoptotic cell distribution in transgenic mouse models. These studies foster a deeper understanding how apoptotic cells affect cellular processes during normal odontogenesis, and how they contribute to dental disorders, which could lead to new avenues of treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abramyan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, United States
| | | | - Marie Šulcová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Olszewska A, Hanć A. The potential of trace elements mapping in child's natal tooth by laser ablation-ICPMS method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:379-388. [PMID: 34150242 PMCID: PMC8172758 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tooth enamel might provide past chronological metabolic, nutritional status and trace metal exposure during development. Thus, the trace elements distribution embedded in tooth tissues represents an archive of the environmental conditions. The choice of biomarker is estimated as critical to the measurement of metal exposure. Natal teeth are defined as teeth being present at birth. METHODS LA-ICP-MS provides a quantitative assessment of spatial distribution of trace elements in a natal tooth. The objective of the current study was to compare concentrations of building and other elements in a rare but reliable and valid biomarker - natal tooth. RESULTS It have been reported presence of potentially toxic elements: Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni distributed in prenatally and perinatally formed enamel and dentine. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of deciduous enamel can provide answers into individuals' earliest development, including critical pre- and perinatal period. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00611-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Olszewska
- Department of Facial Malformation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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50
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Bartlett JD, Smith CE, Hu Y, Ikeda A, Strauss M, Liang T, Hsu YH, Trout AH, McComb DW, Freeman RC, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. MMP20-generated amelogenin cleavage products prevent formation of fan-shaped enamel malformations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10570. [PMID: 34012043 PMCID: PMC8134442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel forms extracellularly as thin ribbons of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that initiate on dentin mineral in close proximity to the ameloblast distal membrane. Secreted proteins are critical for this process. Enam-/- and Ambn-/- mice fail to form enamel. We characterize enamel ribbon formation in wild-type (WT), Amelx-/- and Mmp20-/- mouse mandibular incisors using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) in inverted backscatter mode. In Amelx-/- mice, initial enamel mineral ribbons extending from dentin are similar in form to those of WT mice. As early enamel development progresses, the Amelx-/- mineral ribbons develop multiple branches, resembling the staves of a Japanese fan. These striking fan-shaped structures cease growing after attaining ~ 20 µm of enamel thickness (WT is ~ 120 µm). The initial enamel mineral ribbons in Mmp20-/- mice, like those of the Amelx-/- and WT, extend from the dentin surface to the ameloblast membrane, but appear to be fewer in number and coated on their sides with organic material. Remarkably, Mmp20-/- mineral ribbons also form fan-like structures that extend to ~ 20 µm from the dentin surface. However, these fans are subsequently capped with a hard, disorganized outer mineral layer. Amelogenin cleavage products are the only matrix components absent in both Amelx-/- and Mmp20-/- mice. We conclude that MMP20 and amelogenin are not critical for enamel mineral ribbon initiation, orientation, or initial shape. The pathological fan-like plates in these mice may form from the lack of amelogenin cleavage products, which appear necessary to form ordered hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mike Strauss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Ya-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda H Trout
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David W McComb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca C Freeman
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA.
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
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