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Phoa PKA, Ab Razak A, Kuay HS, Ghazali AK, Ab Rahman A, Husain M, Bakar RS, Abdul Gani F. Predictors of Mental Health Literacy among Parents, Guardians, and Teachers of Adolescents in West Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:825. [PMID: 36613147 PMCID: PMC9819300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parents, guardians, and teachers are the informal sources of mental health support that adolescents rely on. Nevertheless, limited mental health knowledge limits their ability and confidence in providing appropriate assistance. This study aims to (1) evaluate the relationship between the roles of parents/guardians and teachers and their responses to discover the common misconceptions on mental health among those providing informal support to adolescents and (2) determine which demographic factors would act as the strongest predictor influencing their mental health literacy (MHL) status. The cross-sectional study recruited 867 parents, guardians, and teachers of adolescents from 24 government secondary schools' parent-teacher associations via multistage stratified random sampling. Parents, guardians, and teachers' MHL were evaluated using the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule-Malay Version (MAKS-M). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-squared test to investigate the association between the respondents' roles and responses. Multiple Regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of MHL. The score of MAKS-M for the current study sample is 73.03% (M = 43.82, SD = 4.07). Most respondents responded incorrectly on Items 1 (employment), 6 (help-seeking), 8 (stress), and 12 (grief). Teachers provided more favorable responses on several items than parents and guardians. Finally, younger age, higher income, knowing someone with mental disorders, and having experience of attending formal training on mental health first aid were the significant predictors of MHL. MHL interventions in Malaysia should cater to older adults of lower socioeconomic status and lesser experience in mental health, specifically highlighting the stigmas on mental health help-seeking behaviors, treatment, and employment concerns, plus the recognition of various mental health diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Picholas Kian Ann Phoa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Asrenee Ab Razak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hue San Kuay
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anis Kausar Ghazali
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azriani Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maruzairi Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Raishan Shafini Bakar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Abdul Gani
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital, Temerloh 28000, Pahang, Malaysia
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Phoa PKA, Razak AA, Kuay HS, Ghazali AK, Rahman AA, Husain M, Bakar RS, Gani FA. The Malay Literacy of Suicide Scale: A Rasch Model Validation and Its Correlation with Mental Health Literacy among Malaysian Parents, Caregivers and Teachers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071304. [PMID: 35885830 PMCID: PMC9317984 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The 27-item Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) is a test designed to measure the respondent’s suicide knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay-translated version of the LOSS (M-LOSS) and its association to sociodemographic factors and mental health literacy. The 27-item LOSS was forward–backward translated into Malay, and the content and face validities were assessed. The version was distributed to 750 respondents across West Malaysia. Rasch model analysis was then conducted to assess the scale’s psychometric properties. The validated M-LOSS and the Malay version of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS-M) were then distributed to 867 respondents to evaluate their level of suicide literacy, mental health literacy, and their correlation. Upon Rasch analysis, 26 items were retained. The scale was found to be unidimensional, with generally satisfying separation and reliability indexes. Sex, socio-economic status, and experience in mental health were found to significantly impact the mean score for mental health literacy. This study also found a significant mean difference for suicide literacy across school types. Furthermore, while this study observed a weak but significant negative correlation between age and suicide literacy, no correlation was found between mental health and suicide literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Picholas Kian Ann Phoa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (P.K.A.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.H.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Asrenee Ab Razak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (P.K.A.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.H.); (R.S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hue San Kuay
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (P.K.A.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.H.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Anis Kausar Ghazali
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Azriani Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Maruzairi Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (P.K.A.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.H.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Raishan Shafini Bakar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (P.K.A.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.H.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Firdaus Abdul Gani
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Hospital, Temerloh 25000, Pahang, Malaysia;
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Hellerova L, Gonzalez AE, Dayan PS, George M. Caregiver Perceptions of Mental Health and Barriers to and Facilitators of Their Child's Treatment. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e605-e610. [PMID: 34009886 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly 1 million children visit emergency departments (EDs) annually for mental health crises. Caregivers play a critical role in the outcome of mental illness in their children, yet there is limited research on effective means to engage caregivers in the ED and provide the support they need. Our aim was to determine caregivers' perceptions about mental illness in their children, specifically regarding suicidality and depression, the impact of the children's mental health on the caregiver, and barriers to and facilitators of treatment. METHODS Guided by qualitative descriptive methodology, we conducted semistructured, open-ended interviews with a purposive sample of English-speaking primary caregivers of children 6 to 17 years old who presented with suicidal ideations or behaviors to 1 urban pediatric ED. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and conventional content analysis was performed. RESULTS The participants (n = 20) were largely single ethnic-racial minority mothers. Content analysis identified 6 categories: caregivers' definitions of mental health, depression, and suicidality; perceived causes of mental illness; difficulty in identification of mental illness; the influence of the mental illness on caregivers; a complex network of communication among involved parties that resulted in the child's ED visit, as well as barriers to and facilitators of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We identified several categories that encapsulate caregivers' perceptions of mental health and mental illness in their children and its effect on them. Future research should explore how inner-city EDs might partner with schools and trusted community-based organizations to enhance caregiver knowledge, reduce obstacles to care, increase screening for at-risk youth and implement strategies to optimize outcomes for children with depression and suicidal ideations.
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Child Mental Health Literacy Among Vietnamese and Cambodian Mothers. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2021; 66:62-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-020-00590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Arora PG, Alvarez K, Huang C, Wang C. A Three-Tiered Model for Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Immigrant-Origin Youth in Schools. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:151-162. [PMID: 32691276 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To date, little research has systematically considered the ways in which schools can better address the needs of immigrant-origin youth (IOY). Further, considering the increased negative attitudes toward and policies targeting IOY and families within the U.S., there is a need to go beyond targeting just IOY at risk for mental health concerns and promote a culture of inclusion throughout the school. The goal of this paper is to address ways in which schools can best attend to the mental health needs of IOY by systematically integrating prevention and intervention efforts across three tiers of support within the school setting. Specifically, we propose a three-tiered model of school based mental health services for IOY. Based on a thorough review of current literature, we propose universal, selective, and targeted programming to support the MH needs of IOY and families. We discuss implications for implementation as well as future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna G Arora
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Columbia University, 525 W. 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Kiara Alvarez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Huang
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cixin Wang
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Dixon De Silva LE, Ponting C, Ramos G, Guevara MVC, Chavira DA. Urban Latinx parents' attitudes towards mental health: Mental health literacy and service use. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 109:104719. [PMID: 37842164 PMCID: PMC10575228 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Latinx youth report elevated internalizing symptomatology as compared to their non-Latinx White counterparts and are less likely to access mental health care for these problems. This qualitative study examined the knowledge, beliefs and perceptions that Latinx parents (86% foreign-born; 66.7% monolingual Spanish speakers) living in urban communities have about mental health and service use for anxiety and depression in children. We used thematic analysis to analyze interview data from 15 Latinx parents who expressed concerns about their child's (age 6-13) worry or sadness. Analyses revealed that Latinx parents often have difficulty identifying mental health problems, report stigma about mental health problems and help-seeking and want more information about how they can help their children. Although Latinx parents report significant mental health and treatment-seeking stigma, the majority were open to seeking mental health services for their children or were already receiving services. Findings suggest that stigma although prevalent, may not deter service utilization for some Latinx families. Implications for community health and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn Ponting
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Giovanni Ramos
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles
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Hurley D, Swann C, Allen MS, Ferguson HL, Vella SA. A Systematic Review of Parent and Caregiver Mental Health Literacy. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:2-21. [PMID: 31541315 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the current body of research on parent and caregiver mental health literacy. Electronic databases were searched in January 2018 with 21 studies meeting inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies was conducted. Findings across studies suggest that parents and caregivers had limited mental health knowledge. Factors associated with help-seeking included cultural and religious beliefs, financial and knowledge barriers, fear and mistrust of treatment services, and stigma. Notable limitations include non-representative samples, cross-sectional research designs, and use of inconsistent and non-validated study measures. Research would benefit from more diverse samples, an increased focus on prevention, and controlled trials of educational programmes targeting mental health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmuid Hurley
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia. .,Global Alliance for Mental Health and Sport, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Christian Swann
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Athlete Development, Experience & Performance, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Mark S Allen
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Helen L Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,English Institute of Sport, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Stewart A Vella
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Global Alliance for Mental Health and Sport, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Elderly Latino community members make an educational video: an academic-community collaboration to promote memory evaluations. Int Psychogeriatr 2019; 31:989-995. [PMID: 30318026 PMCID: PMC6465172 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an educational video to reach elderly Latinos in order to improve understanding and encourage evaluation of cognitive changes by 1) using focus groups to identify dementia knowledge gaps, health communication preferences and trusted advisors for health concerns; 2) collaborating with elderly Latino community members to create a video; and 3) collecting survey data regarding community response to the video. DESIGN Grounded theory qualitative approach using focus groups; collaborative community based model to create the video and anonymous survey at community screenings. SETTING Community senior centers in East Harlem, New York. PARTICIPANTS A team of low-income mono and bilingual elderly Latino community residents, researchers, clinicians, and a film professional. MEASUREMENTS Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts; three item survey. RESULTS A collaboratively produced video and initial assessment in 49 Latino elders that indicated the video had a positive effect on interest in obtaining a brief memory screening at outreach events (71%). CONCLUSIONS The project demonstrates the feasibility of this interdisciplinary partnership to create a culturally and linguistically sensitive video to promote service use concerning memory loss and cognitive evaluations among elderly Latinos. Initial survey results suggested a positive response and an increase in interest in memory screening.
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Johnco C, Salloum A, McBride NM, Cepeda SL, Guttfreund D, Novoa JC, Storch EA. Mental health literacy, treatment preferences, and barriers in Salvadorian parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2019.1629376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Johnco
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison Salloum
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicole M. McBride
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra L. Cepeda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Eric A. Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Chlebowski C, Magaña S, Wright B, Brookman-Frazee L. Implementing an intervention to address challenging behaviors for autism spectrum disorder in publicly-funded mental health services: Therapist and parent perceptions of delivery with Latinx families. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 24:552-563. [PMID: 30024185 PMCID: PMC6188834 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in publicly funded children's mental health services has become increasingly common, concerns have been raised about the appropriateness of specific EBPs to the diverse client populations served in these settings. Exploring stakeholder perspectives can provide direction for refinements of EBPs when delivered with Latinx families. The current study used qualitative methods to examine therapist and Latinx parent perceptions of therapist-parent interactions and the intervention process when therapists are trained to deliver AIM HI (An Individualized Mental Health Intervention for ASD), a structured, parent-mediated intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD Therapist and parent participants were a subset of participants from a large-scale community effectiveness trial. Perceptions were gathered through focus groups with therapists (n = 17) and semistructured interviews with Latinx parents (n = 29). Therapists were 94% female, 35% Latinx, and 47% were fluent in Spanish. Parents were 93% female, 100% Latinx, and 66% preferred Spanish. A coding, consensus, co-occurrence and comparison approach was used to analyze data. RESULTS Three primary themes emerged: (a) limited parental knowledge about ASD and the need to address knowledge gaps; (b) differing perceptions regarding parental participation in treatment; and (c) identification of influences on parent-therapist interaction, including the cultural value of respeto/deference (emphasized by therapists), and importance of personalismo/personal connection (emphasized by parents). CONCLUSIONS The themes provide specific direction for enhancements to AIM HI to maximize engagement of Latinx families. The themes also have broader implications for intervention development and community implementation including refinement of EBPs to facilitate fit and sustained implementation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Lajonchere CM, Wheeler BY, Valente TW, Kreutzer C, Munson A, Narayanan S, Kazemzadeh A, Cruz R, Martinez I, Schrager SM, Schweitzer L, Chklovski T, Hwang D. Strategies for Disseminating Information on Biomedical Research on Autism to Hispanic Parents. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:1038-50. [PMID: 26563948 PMCID: PMC5030774 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Low income Hispanic families experience multiple barriers to accessing evidence-based information on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study utilized a mixed-strategy intervention to create access to information in published bio-medical research articles on ASD by distilling the content into parent-friendly English- and Spanish-language ASD Science Briefs and presenting them to participants using two socially-oriented dissemination methods. There was a main effect for short-term knowledge gains associated with the Science Briefs but no effect for the dissemination method. After 5 months, participants reported utilizing the information learned and 90% wanted to read more Science Briefs. These preliminary findings highlight the potential benefits of distilling biomedical research articles on ASD into parent-friendly educational products for currently underserved Hispanic parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara M Lajonchere
- University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering, 3740 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA
- Autism Speaks, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Y Wheeler
- USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, MS 53, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto St, Room 302 W, Los Angeles, CA, 90032-3628, USA
| | - Cary Kreutzer
- USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, MS 53, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Aron Munson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto St, Room 302 W, Los Angeles, CA, 90032-3628, USA
- Loma Linda University Medical Center, 30554 Colina Verde, Temecula, CA, 92592, USA
| | - Shrikanth Narayanan
- University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering, 3740 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA
| | - Abe Kazemzadeh
- University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering, 3740 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA
- Vixlet, 3420 S. Sepulveda Blvd. #419, Los Angeles, CA, 90034, USA
| | - Roxana Cruz
- USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, MS 53, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Fiesta Educativa, Inc., 161 South Avenue 24, Los Angeles, CA, 90031, USA
- 1736 Family Crisis Center, 3434 Garnet St., Los Angeles, CA, 90023, USA
| | - Irene Martinez
- Fiesta Educativa, Inc., 161 South Avenue 24, Los Angeles, CA, 90031, USA
- Fiesta Educativa, Inc., P.O. Box 31285, Los Angeles, CA, 90031, USA
| | - Sheree M Schrager
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS #94, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lisa Schweitzer
- University of Southern California Price School of Public Policy, 311 RGL, Los Angeles, CA, 90016, USA
| | | | - Darryl Hwang
- University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering, 3740 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA
- Iridescent, 532 W 22nd St., Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
- USC Department of Radiology, Healthcare Consultation Center II, 1520 San Pablo St. L1600, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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