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Versace J, Tazrin S, O'Connor E, Sekibo J, Morey E, Kasinopoulou A, O'Donoghue D, Simblett SK. The role of spirituality and identity formation in personal recovery from traumatic brain injury: A qualitative analysis through the personal experiences of survivors. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2024; 34:1110-1140. [PMID: 38006578 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2023.2274624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of acquired brain injury (ABI) that happens when a sudden, external, physical assault damages the brain. TBI can cause long-term cognitive impairments and other lifestyle changes that may affect psychological wellbeing. Among the psychological challenges people recovering from TBI often face is the subjective loss of their pre-injury identity. Quantitative and qualitative research suggests that spirituality can play a positive role in recovery from TBI, increasing the quality of life and overall mental health. However, thus far, the research into this topic has not directly addressed the relationship between identity and spirituality after TBI. The present study sought to do this by thematically analyzing 22 public podcasts featuring interviews of people recovering from TBI telling their stories. The authors review the spiritual themes discussed in the podcasts and then propose a hypothesis about how, through a sense of connection to something self-transcendent, spirituality may enable people to test new meanings and identities, relatively free from the consequences of discrepancy in meaning and identity after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Versace
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Tazrin
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Sekibo
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Morey
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Kasinopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D O'Donoghue
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S K Simblett
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Dong S, Bray E, Clifton S, McCabe R, Siddall P. A qualitative exploration of the experiences of individuals with spinal cord injury participating in a community-based online intervention to support posttraumatic growth. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39164999 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2392035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, no evidence-based, community-based online group intervention has been designed specifically to enhance posttraumatic growth (PTG), quality of life (QoL), sense of meaning and purpose, and satisfaction with life following a spinal cord injury (SCI). This qualitative study aims to describe participants' experiences of participating in such a program. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 people with SCI and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Five major themes were identified: longing for connection; empowerment through education and participation; journeying through common experiences; connecting to the program content; and continuing to contemplate PTG and meaning and purpose. The themes represent how participants were drawn to the program because they longed to connect with others in similar situations. Participants engaged in a shared group process of learning and reflection as well as an individual journey in which they connected with different elements of the program. As a result, PTG was seen as a continuous and individual process that evolved out of shared group processes. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of addressing psychological needs alongside physical rehabilitation for individuals with SCI. Shared experiences and strength-based approaches can be valuable tools in promoting positive psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Dong
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Bray
- Spinal Cord Injuries Australia, Matraville, Australia
| | - Shane Clifton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Philip Siddall
- Hammondcare, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mair L, Moses J. Adaptations to adult attachment and intimacy following spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1962-1978. [PMID: 37326037 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2218650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experiencing spinal cord injury (SCI) can be life-changing for individuals and their families. Previous reviews have focused on coping and psychological adjustment, sexual function and sexuality, or factors facilitating or impeding interpersonal relationships after SCI. However, there is a very little synthesis of research focusing on changes to adult attachment and emotional intimacy post-SCI. This review aims to examine the mechanisms of change in adult attachment and intimacy in romantic relationships following SCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four online databases (Psycinfo, Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus) were searched for qualitative papers concerning romantic relationships, attachments, and intimacy post-SCI. Sixteen of the 692 papers met the inclusion criteria. These were quality assessed and analysed using meta-ethnography. RESULTS Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (a) strengthening and maintaining adult attachment; (b) changes in roles; and (c) changing views of intimacy. CONCLUSION Many couples face significant changes to adult attachment and intimacy following SCI. Systematic ethnographic analysis of their negotiations enabled the identification of underlying relational processes and adaptation strategies associated with changes to inter-dependence, communication, role revision, and re-definition of intimacy. The findings indicate that healthcare providers should assess and respond to challenges faced by couples post-SCI using evidence consistent with adult attachment theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luned Mair
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jenny Moses
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Austin PD, Siddall PJ, Lovell MR. Posttraumatic growth in palliative care settings: A scoping review of prevalence, characteristics and interventions. Palliat Med 2024; 38:200-212. [PMID: 38229018 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231222773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological change following trauma. However, there is a need to better understand the experience of posttraumatic growth in the palliative care setting as well as the availability and efficacy of interventions that target this phenomenon. AIMS To provide a review of the prevalence, characteristics and interventions involving posttraumatic growth in adults receiving palliative care and to collate recommendations for future development and utilisation of interventions promoting posttraumatic growth. DESIGN We performed a systematic scoping review of studies investigating posttraumatic growth in palliative care settings using the Arksey and O'Malley six-step scoping review criteria. We used the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. DATA SOURCES Articles in all languages available on Ovid Medline [1946-2022], Embase [1947-2022], APA PsycINFO [1947-2022] and CINAHL [1981-2022] in November 2022. RESULTS Of 2167 articles located, 17 were included for review. These reported that most people report low to moderate levels of posttraumatic growth with a decline towards end-of-life as distress and symptom burden increase. Associations include a relationship between posttraumatic growth, acceptance and greater quality-of-life. A limited number of interventions have been evaluated and found to foster posttraumatic growth and promote significant psychological growth. CONCLUSION Posttraumatic growth is an emerging concept in palliative care where although the number of studies is small, early indications suggest that interventions fostering posttraumatic growth may contribute to improvements in psychological wellbeing in people receiving palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Austin
- Department of Palliative Care, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Siddall
- Department of Pain Management, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie R Lovell
- Department of Palliative Care, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Clifton S, Bray E, Dong S, McCabe R, Siddall P. Co-design of an intervention exploring meaning and purpose after spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38258447 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2300655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rebuilding a strong sense of meaning and purpose following trauma is a vital contributor to post-traumatic growth and adapting well to a spinal cord injury. This project aimed to develop an intervention that used the concept of post-traumatic growth to foster a stronger sense of meaning and purpose in people with a spinal cord injury. METHODS Using participatory action research methodology, the intervention was designed in an iterative process with health professionals and people with lived experience of spinal cord injury. We developed a ten-week online group program and delivered two pilot programs to 13 participants. We used their feedback to further refine the program before finalisation. RESULTS A participatory action research approach resulted in a positive intervention well received by participants and consumer organisations. Feedback suggests the intervention shows promise for improvements in functional and psychosocial outcomes and has long-term viability. CONCLUSIONS The project successfully developed and delivered a novel program that uses the concept of post-traumatic growth to foster a stronger sense of meaning and purpose. Further implementation of the program with larger numbers will allow for evaluation of the program's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Clifton
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Emily Bray
- Spinal Cord Injuries Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Skye Dong
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Wollstonecraft, Australia
| | | | - Philip Siddall
- Hammondcare, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Nazari S, Moradi M, Danyali Z, Ahmadi Marzaleh M, Hadi V, Hadi S. Lifestyle assessment in individuals with spinal cord injuries caused by accidents and disasters in qualitative studies published from 1990 to 2020: A meta-synthesis of qualitative study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1328. [PMID: 37334044 PMCID: PMC10268575 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims As a debilitating disorder, spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can bring about a range of physical, psychological, and social consequences in individuals and even have effects on their lifestyle indicators. The present study was thus to reflect on lifestyles among people with SCIs developing from accidents and disasters. Methods Using a meta-synthesis of qualitative research, all articles recruiting qualitative methods to examine patients with SCIs, published from 1990 to 2020, were retrieved by the researchers, good at the Persian and English languages, from the databases of ScienceDirect, MD Consult, Pedro, ProQuest, PubMed, SID, MedLib, Magiran, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, the Cochran Library, CINAHL, and Blackwell, tapping the keywords of "spinal cord injury, SCI, manmade disaster, natural disaster, content analysis, concept analysis, thematic analysis, lifestyle, quality of life, QoL, grounded theory, meta-synthesis, mixed-methods research, historical research, ethnography, and phenomenology" in both languages for their inclusion in this study and further analyses. Results With reference to the inclusion criteria, 18 articles were extracted, and after all 10 studies in line with the research topic were reviewed and analyzed. Ultimately, six main themes, namely, compromise, self-reliance, income-generating activities, mental status, inability, and issues of sexuality were extracted, demonstrating their importance to individuals suffering from SCIs. Conclusion During the initial stages following SCIs, the abilities to engage in participatory practices and individual's power of decision-making diminish because of physical, social, psychological, and environmental constraints. It was accordingly recommended to have a holistic perspective and respect all aspects of life in individuals with SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nazari
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of NursingAJA University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Moradi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of NursingAJA University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zeinab Danyali
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Master of NursingAJA University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineAJA University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineAJA University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Bryngeirsdottir HS, Arnault DS, Halldorsdottir S. The Post-Traumatic Growth Journey of Women Who Have Survived Intimate Partner Violence: A Synthesized Theory Emphasizing Obstacles and Facilitating Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8653. [PMID: 35886504 PMCID: PMC9321137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suffering intimate partner violence (IPV) is a devastating personal experience and post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive, psychological change in a person, following trauma such as IPV. There is a gap in the literature when it comes to theories on PTG after surviving IPV. The aim of this theory development was to synthesize an approach to understanding the PTG journey of female IPV survivors. According to our theory, their PTG journey includes eight main components: 1. The women's early experience of trauma, 2. The consequences of that trauma, 3. Their experiences of IPV, 4. The consequences of IPV, 5. The facilitating factors to PTG, 6. The hindering factors to PTG, 7. Their experience of PTG, and 8. The lingering effects of IPV. According to our findings, PTG is a real possibility for female IPV survivors, and it is likely to improve their mental health, well-being, and quality of life, as well as that of their children, loved ones, and communities, thereby decreasing the damaging effects of IPV. The theory can be useful for professionals when guiding female survivors of IPV to promote their recovery and healing. Due to the lack of research in this field, additional research is needed to further develop this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulda S. Bryngeirsdottir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Solborg v/Nordurslod, 600 Akureyri, Iceland; (D.S.A.); (S.H.)
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Gökalp ZŞ, Koç H, Kozan HİÖ. Coping and Post-traumatic Growth Among COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2022; 29:228-239. [PMID: 35308045 PMCID: PMC8921436 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-022-09398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pandemic diseases have caused dramatic changes in people's lives throughout history. Today, the COVID-19 virus spreads rapidly and affects human beings around the globe. This study aimed to discover the coping strategies and post-traumatic growth (PTG) experiences of persons who were infected by the COVID-19 virus using the qualitative research method. The research involved 17 individuals, nine of whom were female. All had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Face-to-face and online interviews were conducted with participants. In the analysis of the data, the thematic analysis method was performed by developing themes and sub-themes. The created themes include coping strategies, existential growth, lessons learned from disease, new opportunities, and social growth. These themes indicated positive changes in the lives of persons who were infected by the COVID-19 virus after the COVID-19 disease. Findings and implications for the practice were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Şimşir Gökalp
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hayri Koç
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice İrem Özteke Kozan
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Ashrafizadeh H, Gheibizadeh M, Rassouli M, Hajibabaee F, Rostami S. Explain the Experience of Family Caregivers Regarding Care of Alzheimer's Patients: A Qualitative Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:699959. [PMID: 34248803 PMCID: PMC8264438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the long-term and progressive nature of Alzheimer's disease, these patients need caregivers who will be responsible for their long-term care and who may then experience an increasing burden related to the progressive disease course, so it is important to understand the experiences of caregivers. The aim of this study was to explain the experience of family caregivers regarding care of Alzheimer's patients. Methods: The present qualitative study employed a conventional content analysis approach and was conducted in Iran in 2020. This research was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 11 qualified caregivers enrolled in a purposive sampling method. Interviews continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman style content analysis and data management was done with MAXQDA software. In order to achieve the accuracy and validity of the study, the Four-Dimensions Criteria (FDC) by Lincoln and Guba, credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transformability were considered and used. Results: A total of 11 caregivers with mean age and standard deviation 48, ±26.12 participated in the study. The acquired data were put in two main categories of "burnout and exhaustion" with six subcategories and "excellence and personal growth" with three subcategories. Conclusion: In this study, we found that perceptions of caregivers' role were not the same among study participants, who experienced both positive and negative dimensions of care provision to AD patients. The care experience has a spectrum that, in some people, leads to positive outcomes such as growth. A major part of caregiver challenges is related to the burden of caregiving strain and the erosive nature of the disease. Therefore, health planners should identify the challenges, pain and suffering of caregivers and seek to address them through appropriate strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Ashrafizadeh
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Gheibizadeh
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajibabaee
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Rostami
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kim J, Kim K, Park SH, Han S. The Experience of Stress-Related Growth among Maternal Caregivers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2021.1891487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kiboum Kim
- Department of Human Services Studies, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Se-Hyuk Park
- Department of Sports Sciences, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sua Han
- School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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11
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Profiles of Psychological Adaptation Outcomes at Discharge From Spinal Cord Injury Inpatient Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:401-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.08.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Byra S. Basic hope and posttraumatic growth in people with traumatic paraplegia- the mediating effect of acceptance of disability. Spinal Cord 2018; 57:301-307. [PMID: 30374064 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-018-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES Investigating the correlations between basic hope, acceptance of disability, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in people with traumatic paraplegia, exploring the mediating effect of acceptance of disability. SETTING Community-dwelling people with traumatic paraplegia in Poland. METHODS Data were obtained from 281 individuals with paraplegia. The set of questionnaires included: The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI); Basic Hope Inventory (BHI); and The Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale. Four dimensions of disability acceptance were measured: subordinating physique relative to other values, enlarging the scope of values, transforming comparative-status values into asset values, and containing the effects of disability. Mediation was tested with the Baron and Kenny's approach. RESULTS A positive and statistically significant correlation between basic hope, acceptance of disability, and posttraumatic growth was found. Using a hierarchical regression analysis, a mediating effect of acceptance of disability was found for explaining the relationship between basic hope and posttraumatic growth in people with paraplegia. Only two dimensions of disability acceptance, subordinating physique relative to other values and transforming comparative-status values into asset values, were found to play a mediating role. CONCLUSION Beliefs about the world and the transformation of values that constitute acceptance of disability are important for explaining PTG in people with paraplegia. Correlations between these variables are complex. The correlation between basic hope and posttraumatic growth in individuals with paraplegia may be understood better by taking into account the mediating role of acceptance of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisława Byra
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Pedagogy, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland, Narutowicza 12, 20-004, Lublin, Poland.
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Jones KF, Dorsett P, Briggs L, Simpson GK. The role of spirituality in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation: exploring health professional perspectives. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018; 4:54. [PMID: 29951279 PMCID: PMC6018788 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Descriptive, qualitative study. OBJECTIVES To explore the perspectives of health professionals (HPs) regarding the role of spirituality in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. SETTING Single centre rehabilitation hospital, NSW, Australia. METHODS Two focus groups (n = 12) were conducted with HPs (e.g., nursing, allied health, medical) working in SCI inpatient rehabilitation. A semi-structured interview was employed, consisting of questions about spirituality and its role in SCI rehabilitation. The groups were audio recorded and transcribed. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Six themes were identified from the focus group data: (i) the meaning of spirituality; (ii) spirituality as a help; (iii) spirituality as a hindrance; (iv) how spirituality is indirectly addressed in practice; (v) perceived barriers to incorporating spirituality into practice; (vi) how spirituality can be better integrated into practice. HPs recognised that spirituality played an important role in the adjustment of many individuals and their families after SCI. However, spirituality was not proactively addressed during SCI rehabilitation, and most often arose during informal interactions with clients. Spirituality, and specifically religious belief, was perceived to sometimes raise difficulties for clients and staff. The use of physical space and a review of rehabilitation processes were suggested by HPs as two ways spirituality could be better incorporated into practice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal that spiritual needs of clients and their family members during SCI rehabilitation are important and could be better addressed. A range of initiatives are proposed, including staff training and the use of standardised spiritual assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Fiona Jones
- Royal Rehab, Sydney, NSW Australia
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD Australia
| | - Pat Dorsett
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD Australia
- The Hopkins Centre: Research for Rehabilitation & Resilience, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD Australia
| | - Lynne Briggs
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD Australia
- The Hopkins Centre: Research for Rehabilitation & Resilience, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD Australia
| | - Grahame Kenneth Simpson
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD Australia
- Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Bibi S, Rasmussen P, McLiesh P. The lived experience: Nurses' experience of caring for patients with a traumatic spinal cord injury. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2018; 30:31-38. [PMID: 29934253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are involved in delivering care for patients following acute traumatic spinal cord injury throughout the entire care journey. An injury of this type is significant for the individual and their family and can be challenging for nurses delivering care for patients with life changing injuries, especially for nurses new to this setting. There is a lack of research that examines the experience of nurses caring for these patients in the acute setting. METHOD A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to understand the experience of nurses caring for patients in the acute setting who had sustained a traumatic spinal injury with associated neurological deficit. Using the phenomenological approach guided by the insight of Gadamer and Max Van Manen, participants with a broad range of experience were recruited and interviewed. The responses were transcribed into a text and subjected to hermeneutic analysis. Burnard's (1991) 14-step process and the hermeneutic approach were used to interpret and understand the phenomenon of interest. CONCLUSION The study highlights the experience and challenges of providing care to these individuals. Although patients had significant physical disabilities and were often dependent physically, the nurses' concerns were directed more towards fulfilling their psychological needs. Nurses identified grieving patients and felt their role was to provide realistic hope to motivate them. They felt an internal tension regarding desensitisation towards their patients, but this was often an internal protective mechanism to deal with the significance of the events surrounding these patients. Nurses new to this setting took time to learn the routines and manage the unique challenges effectively. Caring for these patients gave the nurses the opportunity to understand their patients and their families, and appreciate that both groups will fluctuate in their behavior throughout the acute process, as they adjust to grief and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareena Bibi
- Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - P Rasmussen
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - P McLiesh
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Hammer C, Podlog L, Wadey R, Galli N, Forber-Pratt AJ, Newton M. From core belief challenge to posttraumatic growth in para sport athletes: moderated mediation by needs satisfaction and deliberate rumination. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2403-2411. [PMID: 29693460 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1466203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine how deliberate rumination and psychological need satisfaction interact to facilitate posttraumatic growth for para sport athletes with acquired disability. Methods: Utilizing a sample of 70 para sport athletes, the hypothesized mediating role of deliberate rumination was examined via a simple mediation model. The interaction between needs satisfaction and deliberate rumination and their effect on posttraumatic growth was examined utilizing a moderated mediation procedure. Results: Disruption to one's core beliefs was significantly associated with posttraumatic growth. This relationship, was in part, explained by the deliberate rumination engaged in soon after the trauma. Needs satisfaction, while a significant predictor of posttraumatic growth, did not moderate the indirect effect. Conclusions: Although deliberate rumination at both timeframes and needs satisfaction were independently associated with posttraumatic growth, they did not interact in the hypothesized manner to influence posttraumatic growth. There remains a need to better understand how the experience of posttraumatic growth is achieved amongst individuals with acquired disability, and the role that para sport may play in this process. Implications for rehabilitation The disruption to one's core beliefs caused by acquiring a physical disability is not only a natural experience but also a necessary antecedent to posttraumatic growth. As such, rehabilitation practitioners ought to normalize these types of challenges when working with individuals with acquired disability. Practitioners may help to facilitate growth outcomes by encouraging individuals to deliberately ruminate about their acquired disability. That is, practitioners can help those with acquired disability to seek meaning and understanding about their disability or the precipitating event. For those who struggle to deliberately ruminate in the immediate disability aftermath, practitioners may encourage para sport participation to potentially prompt constructive cognitive processing. Individuals with acquired disabilities would also be well served by rehabilitation practitioners and para sport organizations that provide opportunities for basic psychological needs satisfaction. Specifically, individuals with acquired disabilities should be given the opportunity to demonstrate physical competence, make meaningful relationships, and feel a sense of volitional control over their rehabilitation or para sport participation. For example, practitioners and para sport organizations could establish mentorship programs wherein individuals with more recent disabilities can be mentored by those with greater disability experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hammer
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,b Department of Sport Science,Davis and Elkins College , Elkins , WV , USA
| | - Leslie Podlog
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Ross Wadey
- c School of Sport, Health and Applied Science , St. Mary's University , London , UK
| | - Nick Galli
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Anjali J Forber-Pratt
- d Department of Human and Organizational Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Maria Newton
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore health benefits through leisure engagement among Korean adolescents with visual impairments. METHOD Using semi-structured interviews, a total of 14 adolescents with visual impairments participated in this study. RESULTS Two salient themes were captured as health benefits as a result of leisure engagement: psychological wellbeing and personal growth. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that leisure provides a venue for the development of self-expression, leisure skills, perseverance, and positive affects. It also indicates that leisure can serve as a vehicle for promoting health and life satisfaction among Korean adolescents with visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- a Department of Health and Human Performance , Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , USA
| | - Se-Hyuk Park
- b Department of Sports Sciences , Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul , South Korea
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Wang Y, Xie H, Zhao X. Psychological morbidities and positive psychological outcomes in people with traumatic spinal cord injury in Mainland China. Spinal Cord 2018; 56:704-711. [PMID: 29426946 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-017-0044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalences of three psychological morbidities (posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression) and two positive psychological outcomes (resilience and posttraumatic growth) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). To examine the relationships between the five aforementioned variables and to determine the predictors of the three psychological morbidities. SETTING Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, Mainland China. METHODS Participants included 300 adults with SCI in one rehabilitation center in Shanghai. Standardized self-report measures were used. Sociodemographic, injury, and psychological variables were assessed. Descriptive analyses were used to calculate the prevalences of five psychological outcome variables. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the five psychological variables and regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. RESULTS Of the 300 respondents, 35%, 29%, and 27% exceeded the clinical cutoff score for PTSD, anxiety, and depression, respectively. About 32% reported good resilience, and 51% reported moderate to high levels of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Three psychological morbidities showed positive correlations between each other while significant negative relationships with the resilience and PTG. Hierarchical regressions indicated that both the extent of environmental barriers and resilience were the significant predictors of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSION High prevalences of psychological morbidities were found in the SCI population in Mainland China. They should be identified and intervened early in the rehabilitation process. Some positive psychological techniques that focus on increasing resilience and promoting PTG would likely be beneficial for the SCI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haixia Xie
- Department of Occupational and Social Rehabilitation, Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Mantulak A, Cadell S. Mothers' Experience of Post-Traumatic Growth in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN END-OF-LIFE & PALLIATIVE CARE 2018; 14:110-123. [PMID: 29482461 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2018.1437587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parenting a child with chronic kidney disease has a profound impact on the parental caregivers across social, emotional, and physical functioning. As the survival rates for children with chronic kidney disease increase, the demands on parents caring for these children intensify. The aim of this study was to understand the lived experience of being a mother of a child who has undergone kidney transplantation. Seven mothers caring for children with chronic kidney disease in Ontario, Canada participated in in-depth interviews that were analyzed according to the principles of hermeneutic phenomenology. The present study presents the findings concerning post-traumatic growth: personal strength, new possibilities, enhanced relationships, appreciation of life and spiritual change. Recognizing positive aspects of stressful situations and the potential for growth can impact the practice of social workers and other health-care professionals. Ultimately the assistance that is provided to parent caregivers can be improved with a better understanding of the whole experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mantulak
- a School of Social Work , King's University College , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Susan Cadell
- b School of Social Work , Renison University College - University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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Roden-Foreman K, Robinson R, Bennett M, Roaten K, Petrey L, Powers MB, Warren AM. Posttraumatic growth in a heterogeneous sample of traumatically injured patients 1 year postinjury. J Clin Psychol 2017; 74:989-1003. [PMID: 29193058 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic growth (PTG) describes positive change resulting from challenging life events. The current study examined factors associated with PTG in traumatically injured patients 1 year postinjury. METHOD Participants (N = 221) in this prospective cohort study included adults admitted to a Level I trauma center. Over half the participants (60%) were male, with a mean age of 47. Participants completed baseline measures during hospitalization. PTG was assessed at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Greater PTG was associated with minority race/ethnicity, lower income, automotive collision, and premorbid psychological disorder other than depression or posttraumatic stress (PTS). These variables are also known to predict PTS in trauma patients. Analysis confirmed that greater PTS at follow-up was associated with more growth. CONCLUSION Participants with the most growth also experienced the most distress. This finding demonstrates the importance of implementing psychological screening and intervention for trauma patients in the acute care setting to reduce PTS and facilitate growth.
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21
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Hammer C, Podlog L, Wadey R, Galli N, Forber-Pratt AJ, Newton M, Hall M, Greviskes L. Understanding posttraumatic growth of paratriathletes with acquired disability. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 41:674-682. [PMID: 29141464 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1402961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relevance of key components of Organismic Valuing Theory of Growth through Adversity in understanding posttraumatic growth amongst paratriathletes with acquired disability. METHODS Semi-structured interviews informed by organismic valuing theory of growth through adversity were conducted with 14 elite paratriathletes (eight male, six female). To increase the likelihood that participants had experienced posttraumatic growth, a short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory was completed prior to interview participation. Interview data were analyzed using directed content analysis. RESULTS Although the initial response to disability was largely negative, paratriathlon experiences were reported to be a mechanism through which growth was facilitated. In particular, participants suggested that social, competence, empowerment, and identity development processes were instrumental in facilitating posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSIONS Analysis identified themes largely consistent with the main tenets of organismic valuing theory of growth through adversity, supporting its utility in understanding response to a traumatic event and subsequent growth. These findings also suggest that para sport may be an efficacious means for promoting posttraumatic growth, especially for individuals with severe initial reactions to their disability. Lastly, findings suggest that fostering perceptions of competence, autonomy, and social connection may promote posttraumatic growth. Implications for Rehabilitation Acquiring a physical disability may have a detrimental impact on the satisfaction of an individual's fundamental psychological needs. In order to foster posttraumatic growth, the para sport environment should allow for participants to feel competent, autonomous, and to have meaningful interactions with fellow athletes and coaches. Para sport may be particularly beneficial for individuals with previous sporting backgrounds and for those with severe initial reactions to their disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hammer
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Leslie Podlog
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Ross Wadey
- b School of Sport, Health and Applied Science , St. Mary's University , Twickenham, London , UK
| | - Nick Galli
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Anjali J Forber-Pratt
- c Department of Human and Organizational Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Maria Newton
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Morgan Hall
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Lindsey Greviskes
- a Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation , The University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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22
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Factors Which Facilitate or Impede Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships after Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review with Suggestions for Rehabilitation. Rehabil Res Pract 2017; 2016:9373786. [PMID: 28127471 PMCID: PMC5227179 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9373786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal interactions and relationships can influence an individual's perceptions of health and quality of life in the presence of disability. In the case of people with spinal cord injury (SCI), positive interpersonal interactions and relationships have been shown to contribute to resilience and adaptability. Understanding factors which facilitate or impede the development and maintenance of relationships after SCI may form the basis for proactive relationship support for people with SCI. To gain a broad insight into these factors, a scoping review was undertaken. Databases were searched for English language studies published between 2000 and 2015 that informed the review question. Sixty-two (62) studies were identified. Thematic analysis was conducted on data extracted from the studies and 51 factors which may facilitate relationships and 38 factors which may impede relationships after SCI were noted. The majority of factors could be categorized as environmental or personal according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The facilitating factors included partner and social support, reciprocity in relationships, and presenting oneself positively. Impeding factors included physical environmental barriers, real and perceived social biases, and poor self-image. Factors identified may inform the provision of supportive, holistic rehabilitation for people with SCI.
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Khanjani MS, Younesi SJ, Khankeh HR, Azkhosh M. Exploring Facilitators of Post-traumatic Growth in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Study. Electron Physician 2017; 9:3544-3553. [PMID: 28243405 PMCID: PMC5308493 DOI: 10.19082/3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is increasing evidence regarding people’s reactions to life stressors in which people also may show positive experiences following a traumatic event. The aim of the present study was to explain the facilitators of post-traumatic growth based on the experiences of patients with a spinal cord injury. Methods This was a qualitative study conducted on 16 Iranian patients with a spinal cord injury using semistructured, in-depth interviews, and content analysis in 2015. These participants, despite their spinal cord injury, were successful in their lives and were considered successful members of society. A purposive sampling method was used until reaching data saturation, and then the collected data were analyzed using a content analysis method. Results The study revealed several factors as facilitators of post-traumatic growth in the patients. The extracted facilitators were put into seven categories of main concepts, including existence of support resources, contact with spinal cord injury associations, spiritual beliefs, positive attitude toward injury, access to proper facilities, enhancement of knowledge and awareness, and active presence in society. Conclusion Different factors may facilitate post-traumatic growth in patients with a spinal cord injury. Understanding these facilitators may help us in designing educational, support, and consulting programs for patients and their families as well as to the correct the support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeed Khanjani
- Ph.D. of Rehabilitation Counseling, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Younesi
- Ph.D. of Clinical Psychology, Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khankeh
- Ph.D. of Nursing, Professor, Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster and Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Azkhosh
- Ph.D. of Clinical Psychology, Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Five fathers' experience of an adult son sustaining a cervical spinal cord injury: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2017; 2:16015. [PMID: 28053759 DOI: 10.1038/scsandc.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents an in-depth idiographic study exploring the experience of fathers who have an adult son with a cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Five participants were recruited and individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two superordinate themes are presented highlighting. First, the ongoing negative impact of their sons' injury on the participants' role as fathers'. This comprises the negative impact on emotions with guilt common for failing in their perceived role as a father. The dissonance experienced between wanting to help encourage their sons' independence. Concern experienced due to their sons altered life trajectory and anxiety because they would not be alive to protect their son in the future. Second, how participants cope and adjust to their son's SCI are presented. Comprising of how positive thinking, such as focusing on their son surviving the trauma and the influence of seeing their son cope well affects how participants cope. Also, reflecting on how the injury has changed their life helps participants, to an extent, make sense of the trauma. The results are discussed in relation to the relevant extant literature to give a unique perspective about how SCI impacts their perceived role as fathers and the struggle to cope and adjust to the trauma. Future research investigating the impact of SCI on the family is warranted to better understand the wider implications.
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Kim J, Han A, Park SH. Stress-Related Growth Experience: Listening to Korean Adolescents who have Visual Impairments. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2016.1246991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services Administration, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Areum Han
- Korea University Center for Curriculum and Institute of Studies, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyuk Park
- Department of Sports Sciences, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Kim J, Kim M, Park SH. Exploring the Relationship Among Posttraumatic Growth, Life Satisfaction, and Happiness Among Korean Individuals With Physical Disabilities. Psychol Rep 2016; 119:312-27. [PMID: 27297452 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116653954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of empirical evidence has demonstrated that individuals who experience traumatic and stressful life events can experience positive psychological changes as a result of their struggles with adversity, stress, and trauma. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship among five domains (e.g., as relating to others, recognition of new possibilities, a feeling of personal strength, and spiritual change) of posttraumatic growth, happiness, and life satisfaction among Korean individuals with physical disabilities. The results of this study show that three factors (i.e., recognition of new possibilities, experience of spiritual growth, and an appreciation of life) served as predictors of life satisfaction, and two factors (i.e., recognition of new possibilities and personal strength) predicted happiness. This result suggests that certain factors of posttraumatic growth can lead to particular health benefits and influence these benefits to varied extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - May Kim
- Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyuk Park
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Heo J, Chun S, Lee S, Kim J. Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being of Older Adults With Cancer Experience: The Role of Optimism and Volunteering. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2016; 83:274-89. [PMID: 27273518 DOI: 10.1177/0091415016652406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Promoting health and well-being among individuals of advancing age is a significant issue due to increased incidence of cancer among older adults. This study demonstrates the benefits of expecting positive outcomes and participating in volunteer activities among older adults with cancer. We used a nationally representative sample of 2,670 individuals who have experienced cancer from the 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. We constructed a structural equation model to explore the associations of optimism, volunteerism, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being. The level of optimism was a significant predictor of volunteerism, which in turn affected life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The level of engagement in volunteer activities was found to have significant path coefficients toward both life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Our study provides evidence that older adults who have experienced cancer and maintained a positive outlook on their lives and engaged in personally meaningful activities tended to experience psychological well-being and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunwoo Lee
- Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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28
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Littooij E, Widdershoven GA, Stolwijk-Swüste JM, Doodeman S, Leget CJ, Dekker J. Global meaning in people with spinal cord injury: Content and changes. J Spinal Cord Med 2016; 39:197-205. [PMID: 25615571 PMCID: PMC5072500 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After spinal cord injury (SCI), people are confronted with abrupt discontinuity in almost all areas of life, leading to questions on how to live a meaningful life again. Global meaning refers to basic ideas and goals that guide people in giving meaning to their lives, in specific situations. Little is known about global meaning relating to SCI and whether global meaning changes after SCI. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to explore the content of global meaning of people with SCI, and (ii) to explore whether or not global meaning changes after SCI. METHODS In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 people with SCI. Interviews were analyzed according to the method of grounded theory. RESULTS (i) Five aspects of global meaning were found: core values, relationships, worldview, identity and inner posture. (ii) Overall, little change in the content of global meaning was found after SCI; specific aspects of global meaning were foregrounded after SCI. CONCLUSION Five aspects of global meaning were found in people with SCI. Global meaning seems hardly subject to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsbeth Littooij
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, The Netherlands,Correspondence to: Elsbeth Littooij, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, PO Box 58271, 1040 HG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Guy A.M. Widdershoven
- Department of Medical Humanities, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Suzan Doodeman
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo J.W. Leget
- Department of Care and Welfare, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Dekker
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Kim J, Park SH, Youn YS, Han A, Kim M. Stress and Coping Associated With Acculturation Among North Korean Defectors. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022167816631107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While adapting to a new culture, North Korean defectors may develop their own coping strategies and utilize coping resources to deal with acculturative stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the stress-coping strategies utilized by North Korean defectors. Using semistructured in-depth interviews, three salient themes as the major coping strategies were identified: (a) engagement in meaningful activities, (b) emotional and social support, and (c) personal growth. This study suggested that leisure professionals in South Korea create and provide a variety of recreational programs through which North Korean defectors can engage with host individuals in order to increase their health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Se-Hyuk Park
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Areum Han
- Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - May Kim
- Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Byra S. Posttraumatic growth in people with traumatic long-term spinal cord injury: predictive role of basic hope and coping. Spinal Cord 2015; 54:478-82. [PMID: 26643986 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) sustained at least 15 years before the study completed questionnaires measuring posttraumatic growth (PTG), basic hope and coping strategies. OBJECTIVES To determine contribution of basic hope and coping strategies to accounting for PTG variability in participants with traumatic long-term SCI. SETTING Polish rehabilitation centres, foundations and associations implementing social inclusion and professional activation programmes. Participants were enrolled based on their medical history by trained rehabilitation specialists and psychologists. METHODS The set of questionnaires included the following: The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory; The Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE); and Basic Hope Inventory. RESULTS A study of 169 individuals with paraplegia in the range of PTG showed the highest degree of positive changes in appreciation of life (AL) and the lowest in self-perception. Regression analysis showed that coping strategies such as religion (REL), focus on the problem, humour, alcohol/drug use ideation and basic hope jointly account for 60% of variance of PTG. The highest contribution to accounting for this variability had REL. Also, it was found that coping strategies and basic hope allow to predict variance of individual growth aspects. Age at trauma exposure positively correlated with changes in AL and spiritual change. No significant relationship between growth and age of participants was confirmed. CONCLUSION PTG occurring in people with long-term traumatic SCI is primarily manifested in increased AL. Specific coping strategies and basic hope have a significant role in fostering positive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Byra
- Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Institute of Pedagogy, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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31
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January AM, Zebracki K, Chlan KM, Vogel LC. Understanding post-traumatic growth following pediatric-onset spinal cord injury: the critical role of coping strategies for facilitating positive psychological outcomes. Dev Med Child Neurol 2015; 57:1143-9. [PMID: 26095798 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore positive psychological growth in individuals who had sustained spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in childhood, and to identify factors correlating with such growth. METHOD Data were drawn from ongoing research aimed at assessing the long-term outcomes of pediatric-onset SCIs in adults. Participants were assessed using measures of demographics, coping ability, post-traumatic growth, life satisfaction, happiness, and mental health. The study sample included 161 adults with a mean age of 33 years and 2 months (SD 7y 3mo, range 19-50y). The participants had sustained SCIs between the ages of 7 years and 18 years (mean 14y 10mo, SD 2y 6mo) and were injured for an average of 17 years and 9 months (SD 7y 7mo, range 1-36y). Sixty-four percent of participants were male, 81% were white, 63% had tetraplegia, and 70% had complete injuries. RESULTS The vast majority of participants (99%) recognized that at least one positive change had occurred in their life as a result of their SCI. Post-traumatic growth was significantly associated with behavioral (r=0.29, p<0.001) and cognitive (r=0.39, p<0.001) coping strategies, as well as with increased life satisfaction (r=0.18, p=0.024) and happiness (r=0.27, p=0.001), but was unrelated to psychological distress. Additional analyses indicated that post-traumatic growth mediated effects of cognitive coping on happiness, but not on life satisfaction. INTERPRETATION The majority of individuals with pediatric-onset SCIs experienced positive psychological growth. Coping strategies are crucial to this growth process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M January
- Department of Clinical Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.,Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kathy Zebracki
- Department of Psychology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen M Chlan
- Department of Clinical Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence C Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Cheng CHK, Ho SMY, Rochelle TL. Examining the psychometric properties of the Chinese Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory for patients suffering from chronic diseases. J Health Psychol 2015; 22:874-885. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105315617330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory among Hong Kong chronic disease patients. Using a cross-sectional design and multistage stratification sampling, 265 chronic disease patients were recruited from a selection of non-governmental organizations and patient self-help groups across Hong Kong. The Chinese Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory total scale and subscales showed satisfactory internal consistency, reliability and concurrent validity. The factor structure of the Chinese Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory fit well with a higher-order intrapersonal factor (self, spiritual and life orientation) and a first-order interpersonal factor. The Chinese Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory was predictive of hope and positive coping but negatively predictive of anxiety. The five Chinese Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory subscales can help practitioners identify meaningful health outcomes for Chinese chronic disease patients.
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Taku K, Oshio A. An item-level analysis of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Relationships with an examination of core beliefs and deliberate rumination. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Xie H, Shi J, Zhao X. The process of posttraumatic growth in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury in Mainland China: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol 2015; 22:637-649. [PMID: 26466850 DOI: 10.1177/1359105315610812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the process of posttraumatic growth for individuals who have sustained a traumatic spinal cord injury. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants with spinal cord injury from the local community. Interviews were recorded on audiotape and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three superordinate themes emerged: struggling in hopelessness, disentangling from disability, facing challenge, and achieving positive growth. Our findings reveal how individuals with spinal cord injury overcome their disability to achieve personal growth, and can contribute to clinicians' understanding of psychological responses to spinal cord injury while promoting physical and psychological recovery in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- 1 School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | | | | | - Haixia Xie
- 3 Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- 1 School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- 1 School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
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Stutts LA, Stanaland AW. Posttraumatic growth in individuals with amputations. Disabil Health J 2015; 9:167-71. [PMID: 26298804 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying positive outcomes post-amputation is an important area of research in order to help individuals recover with the optimal quality of life possible. OBJECTIVE To examine posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the understudied population of individuals with amputations. Our main aim was to assess the effect of gender, veteran status, age, and time since amputation on PTG. Our secondary aim was to examine the role support group participation on PTG. METHODS Sixty-six adults with amputations completed an online survey consisting of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and free response questions about experiences with support groups. T-tests and correlations were the main statistical analyses. RESULTS There were no gender differences in PTGI scores. Veterans had significantly lower PTGI scores than civilians, t(64) = 2.63, p < 0.05, Cohen's d = .41. Age was negatively correlated with PTGI score, r = -.27, p < 0.05. Participants who indicated consistent engagement in a support group had significantly higher PTGI scores than participants without support group engagement, t(64) = 3.49, p < 0.01, Cohen's d = .89. CONCLUSIONS Veterans may be a specific population to target for PTG. Support groups appear to be a venue associated with higher levels of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Stutts
- Medical Humanities Department, Davidson College, Preyer 114, P.O. Box 7135, Davidson, NC 28035, USA.
| | - A W Stanaland
- Davidson College, P.O. Box 7135, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
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Grace JJ, Kinsella EL, Muldoon OT, Fortune DG. Post-traumatic growth following acquired brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1162. [PMID: 26321983 PMCID: PMC4536376 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that acquired brain injury (ABI) caused by stroke, hemorrhage, infection or traumatic insult to the brain can result in post-traumatic growth (PTG) for individuals is increasingly attracting psychological attention. However, PTG also attracts controversy as a result of ambiguous empirical findings. The extent that demographic variables, injury factors, subjective beliefs, and psychological health are associated with PTG following ABI is not clear. Consequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis explores the correlates of variables within these four broad areas and PTG. From a total of 744 published studies addressing PTG in people with ABI, eight studies met inclusion criteria for detailed examination. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated that growth was related to employment, longer education, subjective beliefs about change post-injury, relationship status, older age, longer time since injury, and lower levels of depression. Results from homogeneity analyses indicated significant inter-study heterogeneity across variables. There is general support for the idea that people with ABI can experience growth, and that various demographics, injury-related variables, subjective beliefs and psychological health are related to growth. The contribution of social integration and the forming of new identities post-ABI to the experience of PTG is explored. These meta-analytic findings are however constrained by methodological limitations prevalent in the literature. Clinical and research implications are discussed with specific reference to community and collective factors that enable PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine L Kinsella
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Orla T Muldoon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dónal G Fortune
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
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Jones K, Simpson GK, Briggs L, Dorsett P. Does spirituality facilitate adjustment and resilience among individuals and families after SCI? Disabil Rehabil 2015; 38:921-35. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1066884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhou X, Wu X. Longitudinal relationships between gratitude, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth in adolescents following the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Scand J Psychol 2015; 56:567-72. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- School of Psychology; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- School of Psychology; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
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Kim J, Kim JH. A facilitator of leisure activities for stress-related growth experience among middle-aged Korean women with depression. Health Care Women Int 2014; 35:1245-66. [PMID: 25372946 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2014.946508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leisure may serve as a coping resource following negative life events that facilitate positive changes. Previous studies on leisure have mainly focused on stress-related growth among individuals living in Western cultures. This study aimed to capture the role of leisure involvement as a facilitator of stress-related growth among middle-aged Korean women with depression. Three main themes were identified as an outcome of participation in leisure activities: (a) strengthening meaningful relationships, (b) improving positive emotions, and (c) facilitating personal strength. By participating in leisure activities, individuals with depression may develop the ability to cope with stress and experience positive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- a Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services Administration, Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , Michigan , USA
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Audulv Å, Packer T, Versnel J. Identifying gaps in knowledge: A map of the qualitative literature concerning life with a neurological condition. Chronic Illn 2014; 10:192-243. [PMID: 25085905 DOI: 10.1177/1742395313516133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe patterns in the qualitative literature regarding the everyday experience of living with a neurological condition; to identify areas of depth as well as gaps in the existing knowledge base. METHODS An extensive search of the literature yielded 474 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction, based on scrutiny of both abstract and full text article included country of origin, diagnosis, stated aim, methodological framework/design, participants, and data collection method(s). Studies were categorized into 27 topics within four broad foci. RESULTS Four broad foci describe the field: impact and management, daily activities and occupations, impact on family, and the healthcare experience. Overall the research is unevenly distributed by diagnosis; some are well represented while others are the subject of little research. Even diagnoses well represented in quantity can be limited in breadth. DISCUSSION Possible explanations for the patterns of emphasis include: a focus on issues and problems, highlighted points of contact between patients and healthcare providers, and ability of participants to voice their views. The literature is also characterized by limited across diagnoses research or that comparing the experience of people with different diagnoses. There is a need for more research in particular diagnoses; more varied data collection methods and acknowledgement of ethnicity, gender, discrimination, and social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Audulv
- Department of Nursing, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Tanya Packer
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Joan Versnel
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Dong C, Gong S, Jiang L, Deng G, Liu X. Posttraumatic growth within the first three months after accidental injury in China: the role of self-disclosure, cognitive processing, and psychosocial resources. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2014; 20:154-64. [PMID: 24819014 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2014.913795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary goals of this study, were to identify the posttraumatic growth (PTG) level of accidentally injured Chinese patients shortly after an accident occurred and to determine whether cognitive processing, self-disclosure, and psychosocial resources predicted PTG. A total of 232 patients were recruited from two public hospitals in Shanghai within the first three months of an accidental injury. Patients completed self-report questionnaires to assess severity of injury, cognitive processing, self-disclosure, psychosocial resources, and PTG. Patients reported a mid-low level of PTG (M = 50.38, SD = 18.12) in the short length of time post-injury. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that subjective accident severity, deliberate rumination, perceived social support, and attitude towards disclosure were strong predictors of PTG. A moderating role of self-disclosure between intrusive rumination and PTG was identified. These findings support an interaction effect of rumination and self-disclosure on PTG and have implications for early intervention of accidentally injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- a School of Nursing , Secondary Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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Kalpakjian CZ, McCullumsmith CB, Fann JR, Richards JS, Stoelb BL, Heinemann AW, Bombardier CH. Post-traumatic growth following spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2014; 37:218-25. [PMID: 24559420 PMCID: PMC4066431 DOI: 10.1179/2045772313y.0000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship of post-traumatic psychological growth (PTG), depression, and personal and injury characteristics in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred and twenty-four adults with SCI. INTERVENTIONS None. OUTCOME MEASURES Five items from the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, reflecting positive change after injury in life priorities, closeness to others, new opportunities being available, stronger faith, and personal strength. RESULTS Initial structural equation model testing of a conceptual model of personal and injury characteristics, violent etiology, depression, and PTG resulted in a poor fit. Model modifications resulted in an improved fit, but explained only 5% of the variance in PTG. Being female, younger, having less formal education, and less time since injury had significant relationships with PTG, whereas depression, violent etiology, and injury level/severity did not. In each PTG domain, between 54 and 79% of the sample reported at least some positive change after injury. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study, while promising, explained only a small portion of the variance in PTG. A majority of the sample experienced some positive change after injury, with the greatest change in discovering that they were stronger than they thought they were. Comparing means previously reported in a non-SCI sample of those who experienced trauma, positive change after injury was comparable for each PTG item except for new opportunities being available, which was significantly lower for those with SCI. Future directions of research include the development of theoretical models of PTG after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Z. Kalpakjian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Correspondence to: Claire Z. Kalpakjian, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 325 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | | | - Jesse R. Fann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John S. Richards
- Spain Rehabilitation Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Allen W. Heinemann
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles H. Bombardier
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim J, Kim H. The experience of acculturative stress-related growth from immigrants' perspectives. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2013; 8:21355. [PMID: 24070225 PMCID: PMC3784669 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v8i0.21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has mainly focused on the positive effects of stress associated with disability and illness, called stress-related growth. Little research has explored positive changes as a result of acculturative stress among a group of immigrants. In particular, older Asian immigrants may experience a high level of stress related to acculturation because they may face more challenges to adapt to and navigate a new culture. This study was designed to capture the characteristics of stress-related growth associated with acculturative stress. Using in-depth interviews among 13 older Korean immigrants, three main themes associated with the stress-coping strategies were identified: (a) the development of mental toughness, (b) engagement in meaningful activities, and (c) promotion of cultural understanding. These themes indicate that by following the stressful acculturation process, participants developed a better understanding of the new culture, engaged in various leisure activities, and enhanced mental strength. This finding provides information on how immigrants deal with acculturative stress and have positive psychological changes, which results in a sense of happiness and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services Administration, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Hakjun Kim
- Department of Tourism and Leisure Management, Kyung Hee Cyber University, Seoul, South Korea
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Min JA, Lee CU, Hwang SI, Shin JI, Lee BS, Han SH, Ju HI, Lee CY, Lee C, Chae JH. The moderation of resilience on the negative effect of pain on depression and post-traumatic growth in individuals with spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 36:1196-202. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.834985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kennedy P, Lude P, Elfström ML, Cox A. Perceptions of gain following spinal cord injury: a qualitative analysis. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2013; 19:202-10. [PMID: 23960704 DOI: 10.1310/sci1903-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant research has focused on psychological difficulties following spinal cord injury (SCI), and there is a small prevalence of individuals who experience distress after injury. However, the converse is that many adjust well to injury and rate their quality of life highly. Despite this, there has been a comparative dearth of research investigating positive psychological outcomes after SCI, perceived by individuals living with this disability. OBJECTIVE To explore individuals' perceptions of gain following the experience of SCI. METHODS Participants, who had sustained an SCI between the ages 16 and 83, responded to an open-ended written question: "What do you think you have gained from the experience of spinal cord injury?" This was administered at 4 time points post injury: 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. RESULTS Participants' responses were analyzed qualitatively using the framework of thematic analysis. Thirteen themes were identified: relationships, appreciation of relationships, perspective and appreciation of life, new goals or priorities, understanding of SCI or disability, appreciation of health or health care, changed personality, opportunity or challenge, knowledge of SCI or body, newly acquired skills, spirituality, acceptance, and nothing. Descriptive statistics were incorporated in the presentation of the data. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that a broad range of positive as well as negative psychological outcomes are possible following SCI. More research is needed to better understand the process through which these outcomes arise and to inform how such outcomes may be communicated to persons experiencing this type of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kennedy
- Oxford Doctoral Course in Clinical Psychology, University of Oxford , UK ; Department of Clinical Psychology, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital , Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire , UK
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Verdonck M, Steggles E, Nolan M, Chard G. Experiences of using an Environmental Control System (ECS) for persons with high cervical spinal cord injury: the interplay between hassle and engagement. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2013; 9:70-8. [DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2013.823572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Griffiths HC, Clinpsy D, Kennedy P. Continuing with life as normal:: positive psychological outcomes following spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2013; 18:241-52. [PMID: 23459265 DOI: 10.1310/sci1803-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into the psychological sequelae of spinal cord injury (SCI) has focused on reports of psychological distress, despite the low prevalence rates of mental health difficulties. Positive psychological frameworks have begun to explore how some individuals do not report psychological distress, while appraisals have been posited as possible mediators of psychological outcome. Research into positive psychological outcomes in people with SCI is still in its infancy. OBJECTIVE To provide a description of the positive psychological outcomes experienced by people reporting low levels of psychological distress, to generate an understanding of how these individuals explain their positive outcomes, and to consider the implications for research, theory, and practice. METHOD Six participants (2 female, 4 male) reporting low levels of psychological distress were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule exploring their experiences. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze data. RESULTS THREE SUPERORDINATE THEMES WERE IDENTIFIED: "living a normal life, just doing things differently," "overcoming challenges: determination to succeed," and "using the resources available to me." The description and explanation of a positive psychological outcome was complex. For participants, positive psychological outcomes did not exclude experiencing psychological difficulty; moreover, they described an ability to overcome difficulty. Challenge-focused appraisals, social support, and meaningful activity were identified by participants as being important to psychological outcome. CONCLUSIONS Positive psychological outcomes following SCI are complex, and research and theory need to better understand the experience of individuals following SCI in order to inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Griffiths
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, The Hillingdon Hospital , Uxbridge, London , UK
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Glad KA, Jensen TK, Holt T, Ormhaug SM. Exploring self-perceived growth in a clinical sample of severely traumatized youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2013; 37:331-342. [PMID: 23548683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were threefold: (1) examine the prevalence of Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) among severely traumatized youth, (2) systematically describe the PTG reported, and (3) study the course of PTG from pre- to post-treatment. METHOD The sample consisted of 148 severely traumatized Norwegian youth (M age=15, SD=2.2, 79.1% girls) receiving treatment in child mental health clinics. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for Children (CAPS) was used to assess level of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) pre- and post-treatment. One of the questions in CAPS: "How do you think (traumatic event) has affected your life?" formed the basis for our analysis of PTG. Words and phrases indicative of PTG were identified using the Consensual Qualitative Research method. RESULTS Pre-treatment, the prevalence rate of PTG was low compared to previous findings, and reports of PTG were not related to levels of PTSS. The main PTG themes identified were: personal growth, relational growth, and changed philosophy of life. A sub-theme of personal growth; greater maturity/wisdom, was the most salient theme identified both pre- and post-treatment. Age was significantly related to reports of PTG; older participants reported more growth. Reports of PTG increased significantly from pre- to post-treatment, but were not related to decrease in PTSS. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that PTG is not only possible for youth, but quite similar to that observed among adults. However, we need to carefully consider whether reports of self-perceived positive change among traumatized youth actually are indicative of growth, or simply indicative of increased vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Alve Glad
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
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Teixeira RJ, Pereira MG. Factors Contributing to Posttraumatic Growth and Its Buffering Effect in Adult Children of Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment. J Psychosoc Oncol 2013; 31:235-65. [DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2013.778932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Spinal Cord Injury, Sport, and the Narrative Possibilities of Posttraumatic Growth. REFRAMING DISABILITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-3018-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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