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Cheong Y, Zhu Q, Wang C, Patel A, Ye Y. The roles of parenting, resilience, and interpersonal relationships on adolescents' mental health and stress-related growth during COVID-19. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1641-1652. [PMID: 37583052 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present longitudinal study investigated parenting style as a precursor for Chinese adolescents' stress-related growth and mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating roles of intrapersonal resilience and interpersonal relationships (i.e., peer and parent-adolescent). METHODS Chinese adolescents in a middle school (7th grade) and their parents in Beijing, China, were invited to complete a survey at two time points (T1: September 2020, T2: June 2021). A total of 206 adolescents (52.9% boys; Mage = 12.90 years, SDage = 0.33) and parents (17.5% fathers, 82.4% mothers; Mage = 43.50 years, SDage = 4.76 years) were included in this study. RESULTS Results showed that Chinese parents' authoritarian, not authoritative parenting, predicted adolescents' mental health difficulties nine months later. In addition, parent-adolescent relationships, but not peer relationships nor resilience, mediated the relations between parenting style and stress-related growth. Adolescents' resilience predicted fewer mental health difficulties. CONCLUSION It is important to target multiple ecologies (e.g., family) of adolescents for promoting positive adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeram Cheong
- Asian American Studies Program, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Qianyu Zhu
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Cixin Wang
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Yijun Ye
- TsingHua University High School, Beijing, China
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Senol-Durak E, Di Tella M, Romeo A. Editorial: Post-traumatic growth. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227892. [PMID: 37564313 PMCID: PMC10411343 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Senol-Durak
- Department of Psychology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Türkiye
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Primgaard AR, Bennett KK, Wilson EJ, Harry KM, Eways KR, Smith MA, Bergland DS, Smith AJ. Finding benefits in a cardiac event: Direct links with positive affect and healthy dietary behaviors during cardiac rehabilitation. Health Psychol Open 2023; 10:20551029231186137. [PMID: 37426943 PMCID: PMC10328029 DOI: 10.1177/20551029231186137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefit finding (BF) may be a coping strategy that positively influences outcomes after a stressful event, but previous studies provide an inconsistent pattern of results across several different patient populations. This study aimed to reconcile these inconsistencies by testing whether positive affect related to a cardiac event (PA) mediates the relationship between BF and healthy dietary behaviors, and whether this mediating relationship is stronger for participants high in disease severity. Participants were patients with cardiovascular disease in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Results supported partial mediation, but the interaction was not as predicted: participants low in disease severity showed a stronger relationship between BF and PA than their counterparts high in disease severity. Additionally, the PA/healthy dietary behaviors relationship was negative. Health providers may encourage patients in CR to engage in BF, but also to make thoughtful food decisions when in a positive mood, especially for patients low in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahi R Primgaard
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kymberley K Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Kadie M Harry
- Saint Luke’s Cancer Institute and Koontz Center for Advanced Breast Cancer, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kalon R Eways
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew J Smith
- Department of Cardiology, University Health, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Popa CO, Predatu R, Lee WC, Blaga P, Sirbu E, Rus AV, Clark A, Cojocaru C, Schenk A, Vacaras V, Szasz S, Muresan S, Bredicean C. Thought Suppression in Primary Psychotic Disorders and Substance/Medication Induced Psychotic Disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:ijerph18010116. [PMID: 33375300 PMCID: PMC7795668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: First episode-psychosis (FEP) represents a stressful/traumatic event for patients. To our knowledge, no study to date has investigated thought suppression involved in FEP in a Romanian population. Our objective was to investigate thought suppression occurring during FEP within primary psychotic disorders (PPD) and substance/medication induced psychotic disorders (SMIPD). Further, we examined the relationship between thought suppression and negative automatic thoughts within PPD and SMIPD. Methods: The study included 30 participants (17 females) with PPD and 25 participants (10 females) with SMIPD. Psychological scales were administered to assess psychotic symptoms and negative automatic thoughts, along a psychiatric clinical interview and a biochemical drug test. Results: Participants in the PPD group reported higher thought suppression compared to SMIPD group. For the PPD group, results showed a positive correlation between thought suppression and automatic thoughts. For the SMIPD group, results also showed a positive correlation between thought suppression and automatic thoughts. Conclusions: Patients with PPD rely more on thought suppression, as opposed to SMIPD patients. Thought suppression may be viewed as an unhealthy reaction to FEP, which is associated with the experience of negative automatic thoughts and might be especially problematic in patients with PPD. Cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended to decrease thought suppression and improve patients’ functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin O. Popa
- Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Tirgu-Mures, Romania;
| | - Razvan Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Wesley C. Lee
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Southwestern Christian University, Bethany, OK 73008, USA; (W.C.L.); (A.V.R.)
| | - Petronela Blaga
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Doctoral School “Evidence-based Assessment and Psychological Interventions”, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eliza Sirbu
- Doctoral School of George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Tirgu-Mures, Romania; (E.S.); (C.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian V. Rus
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Southwestern Christian University, Bethany, OK 73008, USA; (W.C.L.); (A.V.R.)
| | - Alexander Clark
- College of Education and Professional Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA;
| | - Cristiana Cojocaru
- Doctoral School of George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Tirgu-Mures, Romania; (E.S.); (C.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Schenk
- Doctoral School of George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Tirgu-Mures, Romania; (E.S.); (C.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Vitalie Vacaras
- Neurology Department, Cluj Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Szasz
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Tirgu-Mures, Romania;
| | - Simona Muresan
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Tirgu-Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Cristina Bredicean
- Department of Neuroscience, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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Layous K, Nelson-Coffey SK. The Effect of Perceived Social Support on Personal Resources Following Minor Adversity: An Experimental Investigation of Belonging Affirmation. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2020; 47:1152-1168. [PMID: 33016219 DOI: 10.1177/0146167220961270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People rely on their social relationships to help them cope with many stressors over the course of their lives. Across three experiments, we randomly assigned people to experience minor adversity or not and then to experience perceived social support (via belonging affirmation) or not. We found that those who underwent adversity without perceived social support had lower scores on personal resources (e.g., gratitude, connectedness) than the other conditions. In addition, we tested whether perceived social support helps people grow following adversity or simply buffers them from adversity-related declines in personal resources. Our findings comparing growth and buffering hypotheses were mixed; however, the evidence for buffering was slightly stronger than the evidence for growth. Thus, more research is needed to determine whether perceived social support buffers decrements in personal resources following adversity or actually promotes growth. Nevertheless, perceived social support is an important source of resilience when facing life's inevitable challenges.
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Li T, Wang SW, Zhou JJ, Ren QZ, Gao YL. The direct and indirect effect of event severity, social support, and optimism on stress-related growth in emerging adults. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:1241-1247. [PMID: 32779477 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1804066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related growth (SRG) can be understood as stressful experiences that act as catalysts for positive life changes. Although less severe than typical 'trauma,' some daily obstacles may nevertheless derail faith and intentions, produce distress, result in a demand for reflection, and provide a possibility for SRG. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of event severity, social support, and optimism on SRG among emerging adults attending college in China. A convenience sample of 365 college students, ranging from 18 to 24 years old, completed surveys on event severity, social support, optimism, and SRG. We applied structural equation modeling and bootstrapping to explore optimism in the mediation model. Results demonstrated that event severity and social support have direct and indirect effects on SRG through a partial mediation effect of optimism. The results indicate that interventions targeting optimism might be an effective approach to improving SRG among college students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Wei Wang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Zhuo Ren
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Gao
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Antebi-Gruszka N, Mor Z, Shilo G. Mental Distress, Well-Being, and Stress-Related Growth following an Anti-LGBQ Hate Crime among LGBQ Young Adults in Israel: The Effect of Familiarity with the Victims and the Mediating Role of Emotional Support. J Homosex 2020; 67:1145-1163. [PMID: 31081482 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1607682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using data from 696 Israeli LGBQ individuals aged 13-30, this study explored the negative (mental distress) and positive changes (well-being and stress-related growth) following the deadliest anti-LGBQ hate crime in Israel to date (the Bar-Noar Massacre), while examining differences in these outcomes between those who did and did not know hate crime victims. Furthermore, the mediating role of emotional support in facilitating better mental health and stress-related growth was tested. Results suggested that compared to those who did not know any victims, those who personally knew the victims sought emotional support from more sources, had higher scores of mental distress, but also of well-being and stress-related growth. Emotional support indeed mediated the relationship between familiarity with hate crime victims and better mental health and higher levels of growth. Increasing access to emotional support may be particularly helpful in addressing the needs of LGBQ young adults following an anti-LGBQ hate crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Antebi-Gruszka
- Mental Health Counseling, Department of Psychology, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zohar Mor
- School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Guy Shilo
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Bahari A, Hasani J, Mashhadi Akbar Boojar M. Childhood trauma and type D personality: The endocrine and cardiovascular effects on stress reactivity. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2861-2875. [PMID: 32588643 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320934181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both exaggerated and blunted cardiovascular stress reactions are associated with health problems. Moreover, early life experiences and personality traits affect stress responses. Regarding the childhood traumas and type D personality, this study aimed to compare the endocrine and cardiovascular reactions against acute laboratory stress. Results showed that the simultaneous existence of childhood traumatic experiences and type D personality leads to exaggerated stress reactivity, while each factor results in a blunted cardiovascular response. Although the cardiovascular responses are dampened in type D personality people, their endocrine reactions are exaggerated. The underlying mechanisms of blunted cardiovascular reactivity differ between childhood trauma and type D personality groups.
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Kilby CJ, Sherman KA, Wuthrich V. How do you think about stress? A qualitative analysis of beliefs about stress. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2756-2767. [PMID: 32529841 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320926543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to identify common stress beliefs. Undergraduate psychology students (N = 35) completed semi-structured interviews discussing the sensations, causes, purpose, valence, consequences, control, and timeline of stress. Interviews were analysed via double-coded thematic analysis employing a latent, inductive, and realist framework. Five themes (cognition, emotion, physical health, interpersonal relations, and behaviour) and 17 subthemes were identified. Themes and subthemes were validated in a Delphi study of experts in stress research (N = 14). Many of these identified beliefs have not been incorporated into current measures of stress beliefs, suggesting the need for new approaches to measuring this construct.
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Jones DR, Johnson JA, Graham-Engeland JE, Park CL, Smyth JM. Is Perceived Growth Associated with Momentary Indicators of Health and Well-Being in People with Asthma or Rheumatoid Arthritis? Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2018; 10:254-271. [PMID: 29673088 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived growth (PG) refers to perceptions of positive changes that unfold over time after experiencing trauma. Higher PG is often associated with positive long-term health, but the processes through which PG may influence health are unclear. The present study examines two potential pathways among individuals living with asthma or RA: (1) by promoting momentary indicators of health and well-being in everyday life, and (2) by buffering against stress. METHOD In a micro-longitudinal design, 128 participants with asthma (n = 97) or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 31) reported perceived growth using the Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) Inventory and subsequently completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) for one week. Participants were signaled five times a day to report on health-related indicators, including affect, disease interference, social interactions, and stress. RESULTS Multilevel modeling revealed that higher PTG was associated with significantly less negative affect and greater positive affect in everyday life. There were no significant associations between PTG and momentary disease interference, pleasantness of social interactions, or stress, nor evidence that PTG buffered against effects of stress on health-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This research highlights the utility of examining PG in everyday life. Results suggest that closer examination of momentary affect as a process by which PG may facilitate positive health outcomes is warranted.
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Solomon D, McAbee J, Åsberg K, McGee A. Coming Out and the Potential for Growth in Sexual Minorities: The Role of Social Reactions and Internalized Homonegativity. J Homosex 2015; 62:1512-1538. [PMID: 26182185 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1073032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coming out is a significant and sometimes difficult process in the lives of sexual minorities, but disclosure can also affect wellbeing in positive ways, including reduced distress and greater relationship satisfaction. This study investigates the possibility of stress-related growth and depreciation following coming out. To obtain a diverse sample with varying coming-out experiences, data were collected from undergraduate students as well as from online sources, including lesbian, gay, and bisexual support groups and Pride groups. Regression analyses indicated that negative social reactions to coming out predicted both growth and depreciation, although they more strongly predicted depreciation. Positive social reactions were positively related to stress-related growth, while internalized homonegativity was inversely associated with growth. Although the two sample sources (online and campus) differed in some ways, sample source was not a significant predictor in the regressions, nor was it indicated as a moderator in exploratory ANOVA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Solomon
- a Department of Psychology , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , Michigan , USA
| | - James McAbee
- b Department of Psychology , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama , USA
| | - Kia Åsberg
- c Department of Psychology , Western Carolina University , Cullowhee , North Carolina , USA
| | - Ashley McGee
- d School of Leadership and Educational Studies , University of San Diego , San Diego , California , USA
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Yu Y, Peng L, Liu B, Liu Y, Li M, Chen L, Xie J, Li J, Li J. The effects of anxiety and depression on stress-related growth among Chinese army recruits: Resilience and coping as mediators. J Health Psychol 2015; 21:1884-95. [PMID: 25631664 DOI: 10.1177/1359105314567769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related growth can occur after various traumas or stressful events. In order to investigate how anxiety and depression relate to stress-related growth, this study was conducted with 443 Chinese army recruits who had just finished a 3-month recruit training program. Path analyses revealed that resilience and positive/negative coping partially mediated the effect of anxiety on perceived stress-related growth, while negative coping fully mediated the relationship between depression and perceived stress-related growth. Moreover, positive coping partially carried the influence of resilience on perceived stress-related growth. Anxiety and depression may be potential targets for intervention to enhance the development of stress-related growth among Chinese army recruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Yu
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Li Peng
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Botao Liu
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Yunbo Liu
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Min Li
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Long Chen
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Junrun Xie
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Jing Li
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Third Military Medical University, China
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Abstract
Although stress-related growth had been documented in bereaved individuals, it is still not clear to what extent it can be experienced by suicide survivors or which psychological processes facilitate it. The current study examined the role of interpersonal factors-self disclosure and social supports as well as cognitive coping strategies in stress-related growth among suicide survivors. The sample consisted of 135 suicide survivors (104 women and 31 men) aged 18-70. All participants completed the stress-related growth questionnaire as well as instruments measuring interpersonal activities, cognitive strategies, and demographic characteristics concerning the bereavement. The findings showed significant positive correlations between time elapsed since death, self-disclosure, social support, adaptive cognitive strategies, and stress-related growth. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis revealed that together these variables accounted for over 38% of the variance in stress-related growth. Interpersonal activities such as talking and interacting with others, as well as a cognitive focus on planning for the future emerged as important factors in personal transformation after suicide loss.
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Aldwin CM. How can Developmental Systems Theories Cope with Free Will? The importance of stress-related growth and mindfulness. Res Hum Dev 2015; 12:189-195. [PMID: 29051712 DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2015.1068042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Science is in the midst of a Kuhnian paradigm shift, from causal, deterministic models to more probabilistic ones that emphasize systems approaches. However, systems theory is still primarily deterministic and does not readily integrate the construct of free will. In the developmental sciences, this shift has been manifesting in relational developmental systems theories (RSDTs) which highlight multi-level analyses, interindividual differences in intraindividual change, and co-action with the context. While agency is an important component in RSDTs, it is unclear how it develops. We argue that free will is a developmental construct, and that the process of the development of free will can arise in two ways: from life-changing encounters with major stressors which result in recognizing limiting influences on one's life and the development of greater self-awareness; and purposive development to increase self-regulation and mindfulness. Through purposive, mindful co-action, the individual and the network can co-evolve in positive ways.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttrauma adjustment theories postulate that intense stressors violate people's beliefs about the world and perceived ability to achieve valued goals. Failure to make meaning from traumatic events exacerbates negative adjustment (e.g., PTSD), whereas success facilitates positive adjustment (e.g., stress-related growth). The current study aimed to test this model of direct and indirect effects among a sample of veterans. METHOD Vietnam veterans (N = 130) completed assessment measures in an online survey format. Participants were largely male (91%) and Caucasian (93%) with a mean age of 61 years. RESULTS Results supported basic model tenets, linking military stress severity to violations of beliefs and goals. In the final model, only goal violations carried indirect effects of severity on PTSD symptoms. Presence of and search for meaning carried a portion of the indirect effects between goal violations and both PTSD and stress-related growth. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that traumatic stress may disrupt people's goals and meaning-making may center on these disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Steger
- Colorado State University; North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Abstract
Previous literature has mainly focused on the positive effects of stress associated with disability and illness, called stress-related growth. Little research has explored positive changes as a result of acculturative stress among a group of immigrants. In particular, older Asian immigrants may experience a high level of stress related to acculturation because they may face more challenges to adapt to and navigate a new culture. This study was designed to capture the characteristics of stress-related growth associated with acculturative stress. Using in-depth interviews among 13 older Korean immigrants, three main themes associated with the stress-coping strategies were identified: (a) the development of mental toughness, (b) engagement in meaningful activities, and (c) promotion of cultural understanding. These themes indicate that by following the stressful acculturation process, participants developed a better understanding of the new culture, engaged in various leisure activities, and enhanced mental strength. This finding provides information on how immigrants deal with acculturative stress and have positive psychological changes, which results in a sense of happiness and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services Administration, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Hakjun Kim
- Department of Tourism and Leisure Management, Kyung Hee Cyber University, Seoul, South Korea
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Duran B. Posttraumatic growth as experienced by childhood cancer survivors and their families: a narrative synthesis of qualitative and quantitative research. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2013; 30:179-97. [PMID: 23657991 DOI: 10.1177/1043454213487433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Confronting with a life-threatening illness may serve as an opportunity for self-renewal and spiritual and personal growth. Posttraumatic growth refers to the experience of positive change resulting from the struggle and/or cognitive engagement with the existential challenges of life events. The more stressful a life situation is, the more potential it provides for personal growth. This article is a report of a narrative synthesis of empirical research reporting the positive effects of cancer perceived by the childhood cancer survivors and their families. A total of 35 studies included 20 quantitative, 12 qualitative, and 3 mixed studies (involving 2087 childhood cancer survivors, 1115 parents, and 159 healthy siblings). They were published between 1975 and 2010 and conducted in 9 countries. Five themes were identified: (1) meaning-making, (2) appreciation of life, (3) self-awareness, (4) closeness and family togetherness, and (5) a desire to pay back society. The findings suggest that illness becomes our best teacher to get to know ourselves at a deeper level and the world in a new dimension with new meaning. Working through an illness brings out our best, teaching us what life is all about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Duran
- Medical Oncology Multispecialty Outpatient Clinic, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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