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Qiu S, Dai H, Wang Y, Lv Y, Yu B, Yao C. The therapeutic potential of microRNAs to ameliorate spinal cord injury by regulating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and remyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1404463. [PMID: 38812792 PMCID: PMC11135050 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1404463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury, posing a serious threat to human health and quality of life. One significant characteristic feature of pathological changes following injury in the nervous system is demyelination, which partially contributes to the long-term deficits in neural function after injury. The remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is mainly mediated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Numerous complex intracellular signaling and transcriptional factors regulate the differentiation process from OPCs to mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelination. Studies have shown the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in regulating OPC functions. In this review, we focus on the demyelination and remyelination after SCI, and summarize the progress of miRNAs on OPC functions and remyelination, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for SCI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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2
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Rivera AD, Normanton JR, Butt AM, Azim K. The Genomic Intersection of Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in Schizophrenia and Aging Unravels Novel Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4452. [PMID: 38674040 PMCID: PMC11050044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a significant worldwide health concern, affecting over 20 million individuals and contributing to a potential reduction in life expectancy by up to 14.5 years. Despite its profound impact, the precise pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia continue to remain enigmatic, with previous research yielding diverse and occasionally conflicting findings. Nonetheless, one consistently observed phenomenon in brain imaging studies of schizophrenia patients is the disruption of white matter, the bundles of myelinated axons that provide connectivity and rapid signalling between brain regions. Myelin is produced by specialised glial cells known as oligodendrocytes, which have been shown to be disrupted in post-mortem analyses of schizophrenia patients. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life by a major population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), which are essential for white matter health and plasticity. Notably, a decline in a specific subpopulation of OPC has been identified as a principal factor in oligodendrocyte disruption and white matter loss in the aging brain, suggesting this may also be a factor in schizophrenia. In this review, we analysed genomic databases to pinpoint intersections between aging and schizophrenia and identify shared mechanisms of white matter disruption and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Rivera
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35127 Padua, Italy;
| | - John R. Normanton
- GliaGenesis Limited, Orchard Lea, Horns Lane, Oxfordshire, Witney OX29 8NH, UK; (J.R.N.); (K.A.)
| | - Arthur M. Butt
- GliaGenesis Limited, Orchard Lea, Horns Lane, Oxfordshire, Witney OX29 8NH, UK; (J.R.N.); (K.A.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2UP, UK
| | - Kasum Azim
- GliaGenesis Limited, Orchard Lea, Horns Lane, Oxfordshire, Witney OX29 8NH, UK; (J.R.N.); (K.A.)
- Independent Data Lab UG, Frauenmantelanger 31, 80937 Munich, Germany
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Ikumi A, Gingery A, Toyoshima Y, Zhao C, Moran SL, Livia C, Rolland T, Peterson T, Sabbah MS, Boroumand S, Saffari TM, Behfar A, Shin AY, Amadio PC. Administration of Purified Exosome Product in a Rat Sciatic Serve Reverse Autograft Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:200e-211e. [PMID: 34153020 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nerve autograft remains the gold standard when reconstructing peripheral nerve defects. However, although autograft repair can result in useful functional recovery, poor outcomes are common, and better treatments are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of purified exosome product on functional motor recovery and nerve-related gene expression in a rat sciatic nerve reverse autograft model. METHODS Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups. In each group, a unilateral 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was created. The excised nerve was reversed and used to reconstruct the defect. Group I animals received the reversed autograft alone, group II animals received the reversed autograft with fibrin glue, and group III animals received the reversed autograft with purified exosome product suspended in the fibrin glue. The animals were killed at 3 and 7 days and 12 and 16 weeks after surgery. Evaluation included compound muscle action potentials, isometric tetanic force, tibialis anterior muscle wet weight, nerve regeneration-related gene expression, and nerve histomorphometry. RESULTS At 16 weeks, isometric tetanic force was significantly better in group III (p = 0.03). The average axon diameter of the peroneal nerve was significantly larger in group III at both 12 and 16 weeks (p = 0.015 at 12 weeks; p < 0.01 at 16 weeks). GAP43 and S100b gene expression was significantly up-regulated by purified exosome product. CONCLUSIONS Local administration of purified exosome product demonstrated improved nerve regeneration profiles in the reverse sciatic nerve autograft rat model. Thus, purified exosome product may have beneficial effects on nerve regeneration, gene profiles, and motor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ikumi
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Anne Gingery
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Yoichi Toyoshima
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Steven L Moran
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Christopher Livia
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Tyler Rolland
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Timothy Peterson
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Michael S Sabbah
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Soulmaz Boroumand
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Tiam M Saffari
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Atta Behfar
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
| | - Peter C Amadio
- From the Division of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Van Cleve Cardiac Regeneration Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
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Yang X, Zhang M, Wei M, Wang A, Deng Y, Cao H. MicroRNA-216a inhibits neuronal apoptosis in a cellular Parkinson's disease model by targeting Bax. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:627-635. [PMID: 32140823 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study found that microRNAs play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the function of MicroRNA-216a (miR-216a) in PD is unclear. Therefore, this experiment aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of miR-216a in PD. Using the toxicity of MPP+ to polyhexamine neurons, apoptosis of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was induced at different time by MPP+ to construct a stable acute PD cell model. The effects of DNA breakage, mitochondrial membrane potential (A ^ m), caspase-3 activity and nucleosome enrichment on cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, TUNEL. MPP+ increased the toxic effects of dopaminergic neurons in a PD model. The introduction of miR-216a inhibited MPP + -induced neuronal apoptosis. The main manifestations were the decreased levels of positive rate of Tunel cells, caspase 3 activity and nucleosome enrichment factor. Bax was a direct target of miR-216a. In addition, Bax overexpression reversed the effects of miR-216a on neural cells. Bax downstream factors were also involved in miR-216a regulation of MPP + -triggered neuronal apoptosis. miR-216a regulated the progression of PD by regulating Bax, and miR-216a may be a potential target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Hou J, Zhuo H, Chen X, Cheng J, Zheng W, Zhong M, Cai J. MiR-139-5p negatively regulates PMP22 to repress cell proliferation by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1218-1229. [PMID: 32174796 PMCID: PMC7053325 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is a 22-kDa tetraspan glycoprotein that is predominantly expressed by myelinating Schwann cells. However, recent studies have shown that PMP22 is closely related to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in different cancers. In this study, we discovered a new miRNA that regulates PMP22 and gastric cancer cell prolifration. Our bioinformatics analysis suggested that there is a conserved miRNA recognition site for miR-139-5p on the 3' UTR of PMP22. Interestingly, our results showed overexpression of miR-139-5p significantly suppressed growth and prolifration in GC cells and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice xenografted with GC cells. MiR-139-5p suppressed the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the PMP22-3' UTR, and the ectopic expression of PMP22 rescued the miR-139-5p-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation in GC cells. Mechanistically, miR-139-5p may negatively regulate PMP22 to repress cell proliferation by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Finally, overexpression of miR-139-5p significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice xenografted with GC cells.and the miR-139-5p levels were inversely correlated with PMP22 expression in nude mice tumor. Taken together, our data suggest an important regulatory role of miR-139-5p in gastric cancer, suggesting that miR-139-5p and PMP22 might be important diagnostic or therapeutic targets for gastric cancer and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical college of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Huiqin Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical college of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical college of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical college of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical college of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Mengya Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical college of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Jianchun Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical college of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China.,Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China
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Zhou Z, Zhang N, Shi P, Xie J. Mechanism of miR-148b inhibiting cell proliferation and migration of Schwann cells by regulating CALR. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1978-1983. [PMID: 31174435 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1609008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of miR-148b on cell proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and explore its mechanism. The miR-148b group, miR-con group and the anti-miR-148b group, anti-miR-con group, si-con group, si-CALR group, Ctrl group, CALR group were transfected into Schwann cells by liposome method; the expression of miR-148b was detected by qRT-PCR; the cell viability was detected by MTT assay; the migration of cells was detected by Transwell method; WB assay was used to detect the protein expression of CALR. Firstly, we found that compared with miR-con group and si-con group, the proliferation and migration of miR-148b group and si-CALR group were significantly down-regulated (P < .05). Moreover, compared with anti-miR-con group and Ctrl group, anti-miR-148b group and CALR group cells proliferation and migration were significantly up-regulated (P < .05). In addition, miR-148b was targeted to CALR, and silencing CALR could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-148b on Schwann cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, miR-148b can regulate the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. The mechanism may be related to the targeted negative regulation of CALR, which will provide a basis for targeted therapy of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhou
- a Department of Orthopaedics, Second Military Medical University's Jinan Clinical Medicine College , Jinan , China.,b Department of Orthaopedics, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command , Jinan , China
| | - Ning Zhang
- a Department of Orthopaedics, Second Military Medical University's Jinan Clinical Medicine College , Jinan , China.,b Department of Orthaopedics, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command , Jinan , China
| | - Peilei Shi
- c Department of Orthopaedics, Kuishan Section of Rizhao People's Hospital , Rizhao , China
| | - Jin Xie
- d Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine hospital , Guangxi , China
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Lu G, Zhang M, Wang J, Zhang K, Wu S, Zhao X. Epigenetic regulation of myelination in health and disease. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1371-1387. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Lu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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8
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Ong W, Lin J, Bechler ME, Wang K, Wang M, ffrench-Constant C, Chew SY. Microfiber drug/gene delivery platform for study of myelination. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:152-160. [PMID: 29885526 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to rescue functional deficits after demyelinating diseases or spinal cord injuries is limited by our lack of understanding of the complex remyelination process, which is crucial to functional recovery. In this study, we developed an electrospun suspended poly(ε-caprolactone) microfiber platform to enable the screening of therapeutics for remyelination. As a proof of concept, this platform employed scaffold-mediated non-viral delivery of a microRNA (miR) cocktail to promote oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation and myelination. We observed enhanced OPCs differentiation when the cells were transfected with miR-219 and miR-338 on the microfiber substrates. Moreover, miRs promoted the formation of MBP+ tubular extensions around the suspended fibers, which was indicative of myelination, instead of flat myelin membranes on 2D substrates. In addition, OPCs that were transfected with the cocktail of miRs formed significantly longer and larger amounts of MBP+ extensions. Taken together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of this functional screening platform for understanding myelination. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The lack of understanding of the complex myelination process has hindered the discovery of effective therapeutic treatments for demyelinating diseases. Hence, in vitro models that enable systematic understanding, visualization and quantification of myelination are valuable. Unfortunately, achieving reproducible in vitro myelination by oligodendrocytes (OLs) remains highly challenging. Here, we engineered a suspended microfiber platform that enables sustained non-viral drug/gene delivery to study OL differentiation and myelination. Sustained drug delivery permits the investigation of OL development, which spans several weeks. We show that promyelinogenic microRNAs promoted OL differentiation and myelination on this platform. Our engineered microfiber substrate could serve as a drug/gene screening platform and facilitate future translation into direct implantable devices for in vivo remyelination purposes.
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Sullivan TB, Robert LC, Teebagy PA, Morgan SE, Beatty EW, Cicuto BJ, Nowd PK, Rieger-Christ KM, Bryan DJ. Spatiotemporal microRNA profile in peripheral nerve regeneration: miR-138 targets vimentin and inhibits Schwann cell migration and proliferation. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1253-1262. [PMID: 30028335 PMCID: PMC6065231 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the peripheral nervous system has regenerative ability, restoration of sufficient function remains a challenge. Vimentin has been shown to be localized in axonal growth fronts and associated with nerve regeneration, including myelination, neuroplasticity, kinase signaling in nerve axoplasm, and cell migration; however, the mechanisms regulating its expression within Schwann cell (SC) remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to profile the spatial and temporal expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) in a regenerating rat sciatic nerve after transection, and explore the potential role of miR-138-5p targeting vimentin in SC proliferation and migration. A rat sciatic nerve transection model, utilizing a polyethylene nerve guide, was used to investigate miRNA expression at 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days during nerve regeneration. Relative levels of miRNA expression were determined using microarray analysis and subsequently validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vitro assays were conducted with cultured Schwann cells transfected with miRNA mimics and assessed for migratory and proliferative potential. The top seven dysregulated miRNAs reported in this study have been implicated in cell migration elsewhere, and GO and KEGG analyses predicted activities essential to wound healing. Transfection of one of these, miRNA-138-5p, into SCs reduced cell migration and proliferation. miR-138-5p has been shown to directly target vimentin in cancer cells, and the luciferase assay performed here in rat Schwann cells confirmed it. These results detail a role of miR-138-5p in rat peripheral nerve regeneration and expand on reports of it as an important regulator in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B. Sullivan
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Litchfield C. Robert
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A. Teebagy
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Shannon E. Morgan
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Evan W. Beatty
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Bryan J. Cicuto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Peter K. Nowd
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | | | - David J. Bryan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
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10
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Li T, Wang J, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang S, Huang N, Wang F, Gao X, Niu J, Li Z, Mei F, Xiao L. The deletion of dicer in mature myelinating glial cells causes progressive axonal degeneration but not overt demyelination in adult mice. Glia 2018; 66:1960-1971. [PMID: 29726608 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myelinating glial cells (MGCs), oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), generate myelin sheaths that insulate axons. After myelination is completed in adulthood, MGC functions independent from myelin are required to support axon survival, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Dicer is a key enzyme that is responsible for generating functional micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Despite the importance of Dicer in initiating myelination, the role of Dicer in mature MGCs is still unclear. Here, Dicer was specifically deleted in mature MGCs in 2-month old mice (PLP-CreERT; Dicer fl/fl) by tamoxifen administration. Progressive motor dysfunction was observed in the Dicer conditional knockout mice, which displayed hind limb ataxia at 3 months post recombination that deteriorated into paralysis within 5 months. Massive axonal degeneration/atrophy in peripheral nerves was responsible for this phenomenon, but overt demyelination was not observed in either the CNS or PNS. In contrast to the PNS, signs of axonal degeneration were not observed in the CNS of these animals. We induced a Dicer deletion in oligodendroglia at postnatal day 5 in NG2-CreERT; Dicer fl/fl mice to evaluate whether Dicer expression in OLs is essential for axonal survival. Dicer deletion in oligodendroglia did not cause motor dysfunction at the age of 7 months. Neither axonal atrophy nor demyelination was observed in the CNS. Based on our results, Dicer expression in SCs is required to maintain axon integrity in adult PNS, and Dicer is dispensable for maintaining myelin sheaths in MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Secondary Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, 541100, China
| | - Yujian Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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11
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Lin HP, Oksuz I, Svaren J, Awatramani R. Egr2-dependent microRNA-138 is dispensable for peripheral nerve myelination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3817. [PMID: 29491350 PMCID: PMC5830491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have elucidated the crucial role for microRNAs in peripheral nerve myelination by ablating components of the microRNA synthesis machinery. Few studies have focused on the role of individual microRNAs. To fill this gap, we focused this study on miR-138, which was shown to be drastically reduced in Dicer1 and Dgcr8 knockout mice with hypomyelinating phenotypes and to potentially target the negative regulators of Schwann cell differentiation. Here, we show that of two miR-138 encoding loci, mir-138-1 is the predominant locus transcribed in Schwann cells. mir-138-1 is transcriptionally upregulated during myelination and downregulated upon nerve injury. EGR2 is required for mir-138-1 transcription during development, and both SOX10 and EGR2 bind to an active enhancer near the mir-138-1 locus. Based on expression analyses, we hypothesized that miR-138 facilitates the transition between undifferentiated Schwann cells and myelinating Schwann cells. However, in conditional knockouts, we could not detect significant changes in Schwann cell proliferation, cell cycle exit, or myelination. Overall, our results demonstrate that miR-138 is an Egr2-dependent microRNA but is dispensable for Schwann cell myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pin Lin
- Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Idil Oksuz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center and Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The journey of Schwann cells from their origin in the neural crest to their ensheathment and myelination of peripheral nerves is a remarkable one. Their apparent static function in enabling saltatory conduction of mature nerve is not only vital for long-term health of peripheral nerve but also belies an innate capacity of terminally differentiated Schwann cells to radically alter their differentiation status in the face of nerve injury. The transition from migrating neural crest cells to nerve ensheathment, and then myelination of large diameter axons has been characterized extensively and several of the transcriptional networks have been identified. However, transcription factors must also modify chromatin structure during Schwann cell maturation and this review will focus on chromatin modification machinery that is involved in promoting the transition to, and maintenance of, myelinating Schwann cells. In addition, Schwann cells are known to play important regenerative roles after peripheral nerve injury, and information on epigenomic reprogramming of the Schwann cell genome has emerged. Characterization of epigenomic requirements for myelin maintenance and Schwann cell responses to injury will be vital in understanding how the various Schwann cell functions can be optimized to maintain and repair peripheral nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki H Ma
- 1 Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Svaren
- 1 Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,2 Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Oligodendroglial TNFR2 Mediates Membrane TNF-Dependent Repair in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Promoting Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Remyelination. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5128-43. [PMID: 27147664 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0211-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is associated with the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis. It exists as a transmembrane form tmTNF, signaling via TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and TNFR1, and a soluble form, solTNF, signaling via TNFR1. Multiple sclerosis is associated with the detrimental effects of solTNF acting through TNFR1, while tmTNF promotes repair and remyelination. Here we demonstrate that oligodendroglial TNFR2 is a key mediator of tmTNF-dependent protection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). CNP-cre:TNFR2(fl/fl) mice with TNFR2 ablation in oligodendrocytes show exacerbation of the disease with increased axon and myelin pathology, reduced remyelination, and increased loss of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature oligodendrocytes. The clinical course of EAE is not improved by the solTNF inhibitor XPro1595 in CNP-cre:TNFR2(fl/fl) mice, indicating that for tmTNF to promote recovery TNFR2 in oligodendrocytes is required. We show that TNFR2 drives differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, but not proliferation or survival. TNFR2 ablation leads to dysregulated expression of microRNAs, among which are regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation and inflammation, including miR-7a. Our data provide the first direct in vivo evidence that TNFR2 in oligodendrocytes is important for oligodendrocyte differentiation, thereby sustaining tmTNF-dependent repair in neuroimmune disease. Our studies identify TNFR2 in the CNS as a molecular target for the development of remyelinating agents, addressing the most pressing need in multiple sclerosis therapy nowadays. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study, using novel TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) conditional KO mice with selective TNFR2 ablation in oligodendrocytes, provides the first direct evidence that TNFR2 is an important signal for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Following activation by transmembrane TNF, TNFR2 initiates pathways that drive oligodendrocytes into a reparative mode contributing to remyelination following disease. This identifies TNFR2 as a new molecular target for the development of therapeutic agents in multiple sclerosis.
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14
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Wang H, Moyano AL, Ma Z, Deng Y, Lin Y, Zhao C, Zhang L, Jiang M, He X, Ma Z, Lu F, Xin M, Zhou W, Yoon SO, Bongarzone ER, Lu QR. miR-219 Cooperates with miR-338 in Myelination and Promotes Myelin Repair in the CNS. Dev Cell 2017; 40:566-582.e5. [PMID: 28350989 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A lack of sufficient oligodendrocyte myelination contributes to remyelination failure in demyelinating disorders. miRNAs have been implicated in oligodendrogenesis; however, their functions in myelin regeneration remained elusive. Through developmentally regulated targeted mutagenesis, we demonstrate that miR-219 alleles are critical for CNS myelination and remyelination after injury. Further deletion of miR-338 exacerbates the miR-219 mutant hypomyelination phenotype. Conversely, miR-219 overexpression promotes precocious oligodendrocyte maturation and regeneration processes in transgenic mice. Integrated transcriptome profiling and biotin-affinity miRNA pull-down approaches reveal stage-specific miR-219 targets in oligodendrocytes and further uncover a novel network for miR-219 targeting of differentiation inhibitors including Lingo1 and Etv5. Inhibition of Lingo1 and Etv5 partially rescues differentiation defects of miR-219-deficient oligodendrocyte precursors. Furthermore, miR-219 mimics enhance myelin restoration following lysolecithin-induced demyelination as well as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, principal animal models of multiple sclerosis. Together, our findings identify context-specific miRNA-regulated checkpoints that control myelinogenesis and a therapeutic role for miR-219 in CNS myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ana Lis Moyano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhangyan Ma
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yaqi Deng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Minqing Jiang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xuelian He
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhixing Ma
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Fanghui Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
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15
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Song J, Li X, Li Y, Che J, Li X, Zhao X, Chen Y, Zheng X, Yuan W. Biodegradable and biocompatible cationic polymer delivering microRNA-221/222 promotes nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crush. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4195-4208. [PMID: 28652727 PMCID: PMC5473607 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s132190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) has great potential to treat a wide range of illnesses by regulating the expression of eukaryotic genes. Biomaterials with high transfection efficiency and low toxicity are needed to deliver miRNA to target cells. In this study, a biodegradable and biocompatible cationic polymer (PDAPEI) was synthetized from low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI1.8kDa) cross-linked with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde. PDAPEI showed a lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficiency than PEI25kDa in transfecting miR-221/222 into rat Schwann cells (SCs). The upregulation of miR-221/222 in SCs promoted the expression of nerve growth factor and myelin basic protein in vitro. The mouse sciatic nerve crush injury model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of PDAPEI/miR-221/222 complexes for nerve regeneration in vivo. The results of electrophysiological tests, functional assessments, and histological and immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated that PDAPEI/miR-221/222 complexes significantly promoted nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crush, specifically enhancing remyelination. All these results show that the use of PDAPEI to deliver miR-221/222 may provide a safe therapeutic means of treating nerve crush injury and may help to overcome the barrier of biomaterial toxicity and low efficiency often encountered during medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health, Shanghai, Sixth People’s Hospital East Campus, Shanghai
| | - Xueyang Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Junyi Che
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | | | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, JinShan District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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16
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Shi Z, Zhou H, Lu L, Li X, Fu Z, Liu J, Kang Y, Wei Z, Pan B, Liu L, Kong X, Feng S. The roles of microRNAs in spinal cord injury. Int J Neurosci 2017; 127:1104-1115. [PMID: 28436759 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1323208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- 221 Laboratory, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
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17
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Remyelinating Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell miRNAs from the Sfmbt2 Cluster Promote Cell Cycle Arrest and Differentiation. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1698-710. [PMID: 26843650 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1240-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oligodendrocyte (OL) loss contributes to the functional deficits underlying diseases with a demyelinating component. Remyelination by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) can restore these deficits. To understand the role that microRNAs (miRNAs) play in remyelination, 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase-EGFP(+) mice were treated with cuprizone, and OPCs were sorted from the corpus callosum. Microarray analysis revealed that Sfmbt2 family miRNAs decreased during cuprizone treatment. One particular Sfmbt2 miRNA, miR-297c-5p, increased during mouse OPC differentiation in vitro and during callosal development in vivo. When overexpressed in both mouse embryonic fibroblasts and rat OPCs (rOPCs), cell cycle analysis revealed that miR-297c-5p promoted G1/G0 arrest. Additionally, miR-297c-5p transduction increased the number of O1(+) rOPCs during differentiation. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-297c-5p targets cyclin T2 (CCNT2), the regulatory subunit of positive transcription elongation factor b, a complex that inhibits OL maturation. Furthermore, CCNT2-specific knockdown promoted rOPC differentiation while not affecting cell cycle status. Together, these data support a dual role for miR-297c-5p as both a negative regulator of OPC proliferation and a positive regulator of OL maturation via its interaction with CCNT2. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work describes the role of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) microRNAs (miRNAs) during remyelination and development in vivo and differentiation in vitro. This work highlights the importance of miRNAs to OPC biology and describes miR-297c-5p, a novel regulator of OPC function. In addition, we identified CCNT2 as a functional target, thus providing a mechanism by which miR-297c-5p imparts its effects on differentiation. These data are important, given our lack of understanding of OPC miRNA regulatory networks and their potential clinical value. Therefore, efforts to understand the role of miR-297c-5p in pathological conditions and its potential for facilitating repair may provide future therapeutic strategies to treat demyelination.
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18
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Abstract
Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, an insulating sheath required for the saltatory conduction of electrical impulses along axons. Oligodendrocyte loss results in demyelination, which leads to impaired neurological function in a broad array of diseases ranging from pediatric leukodystrophies and cerebral palsy, to multiple sclerosis and white matter stroke. Accordingly, replacing lost oligodendrocytes, whether by transplanting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) or by mobilizing endogenous progenitors, holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for the diseases of central white matter. In this Primer, we describe the molecular events regulating oligodendrocyte development and how our understanding of this process has led to the establishment of methods for producing OPCs and oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as directly from somatic cells. In addition, we will discuss the safety of engrafted stem cell-derived OPCs, as well as approaches by which to modulate their differentiation and myelinogenesis in vivo following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Kuypers
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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19
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Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Stroke recovery is orchestrated by a set of highly interactive processes that involve the neurovascular unit and neural stem cells. Emerging data suggest that exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication by transferring exosomal protein and RNA cargo between source and target cells in the brain. Here, we review these advances and their impact on promoting coupled brain remodeling processes after stroke. The use of exosomes for therapeutic applications in stroke is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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20
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The Lin28/let-7 axis is critical for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8584. [PMID: 26466203 PMCID: PMC4634210 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, the miRNAs species involved and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We found that let-7 miRNAs are highly abundant during PNS myelination and that their levels are inversely correlated to the expression of lin28 homolog B (Lin28B), an antagonist of let-7 accumulation. Sustained expression of Lin28B and consequently reduced levels of let-7 miRNAs results in a failure of Schwann cell myelination in transgenic mouse models and in cell culture. Subsequent analyses revealed that let-7 miRNAs promote expression of the myelination-driving master transcription factor Krox20 (also known as Egr2) through suppression of myelination inhibitory Notch signalling. We conclude that the Lin28B/let-7 axis acts as a critical driver of PNS myelination, in particular by regulating myelination onset, identifying this pathway also as a potential therapeutic target in demyelinating diseases.
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21
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Zhang ZG, Chopp M. Promoting brain remodeling to aid in stroke recovery. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:543-8. [PMID: 26278490 PMCID: PMC4567429 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous brain repair after stroke involves a set of highly interactive processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, which together orchestrate neurological recovery. During the past several years, there have been advances in our understanding of miRNAs and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in brain repair processes after stroke. Emerging data indicate the important role of exosomes for intercellular communication in promoting coupled brain remodeling processes. These advances will likely have a major impact on the development of restorative therapies for ischemic brain repair, consequently leading to improvement of neurological function. In this review, we provide an update on our current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs, exosomes, and HDACs in brain restorative processes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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22
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Topographical effects on fiber-mediated microRNA delivery to control oligodendroglial precursor cells development. Biomaterials 2015; 70:105-14. [PMID: 26310106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effective remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) facilitates the reversal of disability in patients with demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Unfortunately until now, effective strategies of controlling oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and maturation remain limited. It is well known that topographical and biochemical signals play crucial roles in modulating cell fate commitment. Therefore, in this study, we explored the combined effects of scaffold topography and sustained gene silencing on oligodendroglial precursor cell (OPC) development. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs) were incorporated onto electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffolds with different fiber diameters and orientations. Regardless of fiber diameter and orientation, efficient knockdown of differentiation inhibitory factors were achieved by either topography alone (up to 70%) or fibers integrated with miR-219 and miR-338 (up to 80%, p < 0.05). Small fiber promoted OPC differentiation by inducing more RIP(+) cells (p < 0.05) while large fiber promoted OL maturation by inducing more MBP(+) cells (p < 0.05). Random fiber enhanced more RIP(+) cells than aligned fibers (p < 0.05), regardless of fiber diameter. Upon miR-219/miR-338 incorporation, 2 μm aligned fibers supported the most MBP(+) cells (∼17%). These findings indicated that the coupling of substrate topographic cues with efficient gene silencing by sustained microRNA delivery is a promising way for directing OPC maturation in neural tissue engineering and controlling remyelination in the CNS.
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23
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Lin HP, Oksuz I, Hurley E, Wrabetz L, Awatramani R. Microprocessor complex subunit DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (Dgcr8) is required for schwann cell myelination and myelin maintenance. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24294-307. [PMID: 26272614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.636407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of a key component of the Microprocessor complex, DGCR8, in the regulation of myelin formation and maintenance. We found that conditionally ablating Dgcr8 in Schwann cells (SCs) during development results in an arrest of SC differentiation. Dgcr8 conditional knock-out (cKO) SCs fail to form 1:1 relationships with axons or, having achieved this, fail to form myelin sheaths. The expression of genes normally found in immature SCs, such as sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), is increased in Dgcr8 cKO SCs, whereas the expression of myelin-related genes, including the master regulatory transcription factor early growth response 2 (Egr2), is decreased. Additionally, expression of a novel gene expression program involving sonic hedgehog (Shh), activated de novo in injured nerves, is elevated in Dgcr8 cKOs but not in Egr2 null mice, a model of SC differentiation arrest, suggesting that the injury-related gene expression program in Dgcr8 cKOs cannot be attributed to differentiation arrest. Inducible ablation of Dgcr8 in adult SCs results in gene expression changes similar to those found in cKOs, including an increase in the expression of Sox2 and Shh. Analyses of these nerves mainly reveal normal myelin thickness and axon size distribution but some dedifferentiated SCs and increased macrophage infiltration. Together our data suggest that Dgcr8 is responsible for modulation of gene expression programs underlying myelin formation and maintenance as well as suppression of an injury-related gene expression program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pin Lin
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Idil Oksuz
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Edward Hurley
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
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24
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Emery B, Lu QR. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination in the Central Nervous System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:a020461. [PMID: 26134004 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) myelination by oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a highly orchestrated process involving well-defined steps from specification of neural stem cells into proliferative OL precursors followed by terminal differentiation and subsequent maturation of these precursors into myelinating OLs. These specification and differentiation processes are mediated by profound global changes in gene expression, which are in turn subject to control by both extracellular signals and regulatory networks intrinsic to the OL lineage. Recently, basic transcriptional mechanisms that control OL differentiation and myelination have begun to be elucidated at the molecular level and on a genome scale. The interplay between transcription factors activated by differentiation-promoting signals and master regulators likely exerts a crucial role in controlling stage-specific progression of the OL lineage. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the transcription factors and the epigenetic programs including histone methylation, acetylation, chromatin remodeling, micro-RNAs, and noncoding RNAs that regulate development of OLs and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Emery
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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25
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries remain problematic to treat, with poor functional recovery commonly observed. Injuries resulting in a nerve gap create specific difficulties for axonal regeneration. Approaches to address these difficulties include autologous nerve grafts (which are currently the gold standard treatment) and synthetic conduits, with the latter option being able to be impregnated with Schwann cells or stem cells which provide an appropriate micro-environment for neuronal regeneration to occur. Transplanting stem cells, however, infers additional risk of malignant transformation as well as manufacturing difficulties and ethical concerns, and the use of autologous nerve grafts and Schwann cells requires the sacrifice of a functioning nerve. A new approach utilizing exosomes, secreted extracellular vesicles, could avoid these complications. In this review, we summarize the current literature on exosomes, and suggest how they could help to improve axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna C Ching
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden ; Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Paul J Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
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26
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Diao HJ, Low WC, Milbreta U, Lu QR, Chew SY. Nanofiber-mediated microRNA delivery to enhance differentiation and maturation of oligodendroglial precursor cells. J Control Release 2015; 208:85-92. [PMID: 25747407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is critical in the treatment of many neural pathological conditions. Unfortunately, the ability to direct and enhance oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and maturation remains limited. It is known that microenvironmental signals, such as substrate topography and biochemical signaling, regulate cell fate commitment. Therefore, in this study, we developed a nanofiber-mediated microRNA (miR) delivery method to control oligodendroglial precursor cell (OPC) differentiation through a combination of fiber topography and gene silencing. Using poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers, efficient knockdown of OL differentiation inhibitory regulators were achieved by either nanofiber alone (20-40%, p<0.05) or the synergistic integration with miR-219 and miR-338 (up to 60%, p<0.05). As compared to two-dimensional culture, nanofiber topography enhanced OPC differentiation by inducing 2-fold increase in RIP(+) cells (p<0.01) while the presence of miRs further enhanced the result to 3-fold (p<0.001). In addition, nanofiber-mediated delivery of miR-219 and miR-338 promoted OL maturation by increasing the number of MBP(+) cells significantly (p<0.01). Taken together, the results demonstrate the efficacy of nanofibers in providing topographical cues and microRNA reverse transfection to direct OPC differentiation. Such scaffolds may find useful applications in directing oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination for treatment of CNS pathological conditions that require remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jia Diao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Wei Ching Low
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Ulla Milbreta
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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27
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Stappert L, Roese-Koerner B, Brüstle O. The role of microRNAs in human neural stem cells, neuronal differentiation and subtype specification. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 359:47-64. [PMID: 25172833 PMCID: PMC4284387 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The impressive neuronal diversity found within the nervous system emerges from a limited pool of neural progenitor cells that proceed through different gene expression programs to acquire distinct cell fates. Here, we review recent evidence indicating that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critically involved in conferring neural cell identities during neural induction, neuronal differentiation and subtype specification. Several studies have shown that miRNAs act in concert with other gene regulatory factors and genetic switches to regulate the spatial and temporal expression profiles of important cell fate determinants. So far, most studies addressing the role of miRNAs during neurogenesis were conducted using animal models. With the advent of human pluripotent stem cells and the possibility to differentiate these into neural stem cells, we now have the opportunity to study miRNAs in a human context. More insight into the impact of miRNA-based regulation during neural fate choice could in the end be exploited to develop new strategies for the generation of distinct human neuronal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stappert
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Beate Roese-Koerner
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, Bonn, 53127 Germany
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28
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Svaren J. MicroRNA and transcriptional crosstalk in myelinating glia. Neurochem Int 2014; 77:50-7. [PMID: 24979526 PMCID: PMC4177339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have addressed the important role of microRNA in regulation of differentiation of myelinating glia. While Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in the peripheral and central nervous systems, respectively, exhibit significant morphological and regulatory differences, some aspects of transcriptional and microRNA regulation are shared between these two cell types. This review focuses on the intersection of microRNAs with transcriptional regulation in Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte differentiation. In particular, several microRNAs have been shown to modulate expression of critical transcription factors, and in turn, the regulation of microRNA expression is enmeshed within transcriptional networks that coordinate both coding gene and noncoding RNA profiles of myelinating cells. These hubs of regulation control both myelin gene expression as well as the cell cycle transitions of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes as they terminally differentiate. In addition, some studies have begin to highlight the combinatorial effects of different microRNAs that establish the narrow range of gene regulation required for efficient and stable myelin formation. Overall, the integration of microRNA and transcriptional aspects will help elucidate mechanistic control of the myelination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Svaren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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29
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Jafari N, Shaghaghi H, Mahmoodi D, Shirzad Z, Alibeiki F, Bohlooli S, Dogaheh HP. Overexpression of microRNA biogenesis machinery: Drosha, DGCR8 and Dicer in multiple sclerosis patients. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:200-3. [PMID: 25439752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the expression of the major components of microRNA biogenesis machinery including Drosha, Dicer and DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The expression levels of these components in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients were significantly up-regulated in comparison to healthy controls. DGCR8 was up-regulated 4.9 times in RRMS patients versus healthy controls, and Drosha was up-regulated 3.58 times. Additionally, the expression level of Dicer was 2.11 times higher in RRMS patients than the healthy controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that overexpression of Drosha, Dicer and DGCR8 may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Further investigation may introduce microRNA biogenesis machinery as MS markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Shaghaghi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Davood Mahmoodi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zohreh Shirzad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alibeiki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahab Bohlooli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri Dogaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil 55136, Iran.
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30
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Kelly S, Morris DW, Mothersill O, Rose EJ, Fahey C, O'Brien C, O'Hanlon E, Gill M, Corvin AP, Donohoe G. Genome-wide schizophrenia variant at MIR137 does not impact white matter microstructure in healthy participants. Neurosci Lett 2014; 574:6-10. [PMID: 24820543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1625579) within the micro-RNA 137 (MIR137) gene recently achieved strong genome-wide association with schizophrenia (SZ). However, the mechanisms by which SZ risk may be mediated by this variant are unknown. As miRNAs have the potential to influence oligodendrocyte development, we investigated whether this SNP was associated with variability in white matter (WM) microstructure. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted on 123 healthy participants genotyped for rs1625579. The analysis consisted of whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics and atlas-based tractography analysis of six major WM tracts known to be affected in SZ - the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the anterior thalamic radiation, the cingulum bundle and the corpus callosum. No significant differences in either whole-brain fractional anisotropy or mean diffusivity between MIR137 genotype groups were observed (p>0.05). Similarly, atlas-based tractography of particular tracts implicated in SZ failed to reveal any significant differences between MIR137 genotype groups on measures of WM connectivity (p>0.05). In the absence of WM effects comparable to those reported for other SZ associated genes, these data suggest that MIR137 alone may not confer variability in these WM measures and therefore may not act in isolation for any effects that the variant may have on WM microstructure in SZ samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Kelly
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Omar Mothersill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Jane Rose
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Transdisciplinary Science and Translational Prevention Program (TSTPP), Research Triangle Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ciara Fahey
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carol O'Brien
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aiden P Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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31
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Anderegg A, Lin HP, Chen JA, Caronia-Brown G, Cherepanova N, Yun B, Joksimovic M, Rock J, Harfe BD, Johnson R, Awatramani R. An Lmx1b-miR135a2 regulatory circuit modulates Wnt1/Wnt signaling and determines the size of the midbrain dopaminergic progenitor pool. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003973. [PMID: 24348261 PMCID: PMC3861205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression in diverse physiological scenarios. Their role in the control of morphogen related signaling pathways has been less studied, particularly in the context of embryonic Central Nervous System (CNS) development. Here, we uncover a role for microRNAs in limiting the spatiotemporal range of morphogen expression and function. Wnt1 is a key morphogen in the embryonic midbrain, and directs proliferation, survival, patterning and neurogenesis. We reveal an autoregulatory negative feedback loop between the transcription factor Lmx1b and a newly characterized microRNA, miR135a2, which modulates the extent of Wnt1/Wnt signaling and the size of the dopamine progenitor domain. Conditional gain of function studies reveal that Lmx1b promotes Wnt1/Wnt signaling, and thereby increases midbrain size and dopamine progenitor allocation. Conditional removal of Lmx1b has the opposite effect, in that expansion of the dopamine progenitor domain is severely compromised. Next, we provide evidence that microRNAs are involved in restricting dopamine progenitor allocation. Conditional loss of Dicer1 in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) results in expanded Lmx1a/b+ progenitors. In contrast, forced elevation of miR135a2 during an early window in vivo phenocopies the Lmx1b conditional knockout. When En1::Cre, but not Shh::Cre or Nes::Cre, is used for recombination, the expansion of Lmx1a/b+ progenitors is selectively reduced. Bioinformatics and luciferase assay data suggests that miR135a2 targets Lmx1b and many genes in the Wnt signaling pathway, including Ccnd1, Gsk3b, and Tcf7l2. Consistent with this, we demonstrate that this mutant displays reductions in the size of the Lmx1b/Wnt1 domain and range of canonical Wnt signaling. We posit that microRNA modulation of the Lmx1b/Wnt axis in the early midbrain/isthmus could determine midbrain size and allocation of dopamine progenitors. Since canonical Wnt activity has recently been recognized as a key ingredient for programming ESCs towards a dopaminergic fate in vitro, these studies could impact the rational design of such protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Anderegg
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Pin Lin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Giuliana Caronia-Brown
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Natalya Cherepanova
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Beth Yun
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Milan Joksimovic
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jason Rock
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Harfe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Randy Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Zhang R, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. Oligodendrogenesis after cerebral ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:201. [PMID: 24194700 PMCID: PMC3810592 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle of adult rodent brain generate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that disperse throughout the corpus callosum and striatum where some of OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. Studies in animal models of stroke demonstrate that cerebral ischemia induces oligodendrogenesis during brain repair processes. This article will review evidence of stroke-induced proliferation and differentiation of OPCs that are either resident in white matter or are derived from SVZ neural progenitor cells and of therapies that amplify endogenous oligodendrogenesis in ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI, USA
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33
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Abstract
The consequences of injuries to the CNS are profound and persistent, resulting in substantial burden to both the individual patient and society. Existing treatments for CNS injuries such as stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury have proved inadequate, partly owing to an incomplete understanding of post-injury cellular and molecular changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules composed of 20-24 nucleotides that function to inhibit mRNA translation and have key roles in normal CNS development and function, as well as in disease. However, a role for miRNAs as effectors of CNS injury has recently emerged. Use of bioinformatics to assess the mRNA targets of miRNAs enables high-order analysis of interconnected networks, and can reveal affected pathways that may not be identifiable with the use of traditional techniques such as gene knock-in or knockout approaches, or mRNA microarrays. In this Review, we discuss the findings of miRNA microarray studies of spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and stroke, as well as the use of gene ontological algorithms to discern global patterns of molecular and cellular changes following such injuries. Furthermore, we examine the current state of miRNA-based therapies and their potential to improve functional outcomes in patients with CNS injuries.
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de Monasterio-Schrader P, Jahn O, Tenzer S, Wichert SP, Patzig J, Werner HB. Systematic approaches to central nervous system myelin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2879-94. [PMID: 22441408 PMCID: PMC11114939 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid signal propagation along vertebrate axons is facilitated by their insulation with myelin, a plasma membrane specialization of glial cells. The recent application of 'omics' approaches to the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes, revealed their mRNA signatures, enhanced our understanding of how myelination is regulated, and established that the protein composition of myelin is much more complex than previously thought. This review provides a meta-analysis of the > 1,200 proteins thus far identified by mass spectrometry in biochemically purified central nervous system myelin. Contaminating proteins are surprisingly infrequent according to bioinformatic prediction of subcellular localization and comparison with the transcriptional profile of oligodendrocytes. The integration of datasets also allowed the subcategorization of the myelin proteome into functional groups comprising genes that are coregulated during oligodendroglial differentiation. An unexpectedly large number of myelin-related genes cause-when mutated in humans-hereditary diseases affecting the physiology of the white matter. Systematic approaches to oligodendrocytes and myelin thus provide valuable resources for the molecular dissection of developmental myelination, glia-axonal interactions, leukodystrophies, and demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven P. Wichert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Patzig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B. Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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35
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MicroRNAs: novel regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation and potential therapeutic targets in demyelination-related diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:200-12. [PMID: 22218763 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that consist of about 22 nucleotides and play critical roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. In recent years, some specific miRNA, such as miR-219, miR-138, miR-9, miR-23, and miR-19b were found to participate in the regulation of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin maintenance, as well as in the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and leukodystrophy). These miRNAs control their target mRNA or regulate the protein levels of some signaling pathways, and participate in OL differentiation and the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases. During pathologic processes, the expression levels of specific miRNAs are dynamically altered. Therefore, miRNAs act as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of defects in OL differentiation and demyelination-related diseases, and they can provide potential targets for therapeutic drug development.
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36
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Gokey NG, Srinivasan R, Lopez-Anido C, Krueger C, Svaren J. Developmental regulation of microRNA expression in Schwann cells. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:558-68. [PMID: 22064487 PMCID: PMC3255778 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06270-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell differentiation and subsequent myelination of the peripheral nervous system require the action of several transcription factors, including Sox10, which is vital at multiple stages of development. The transition from immature to myelinating Schwann cell is also regulated posttranscriptionally and depends upon Dicer-mediated processing of microRNAs (miRNAs). Although specific miRNA targets have begun to be identified, the mechanisms establishing the dynamic regulation of miRNA expression have not been elucidated. We performed expression profiling studies and identified 225 miRNAs differentially expressed during peripheral myelination. A subset of 9 miRNAs is positively regulated by Sox10, including miR-338 which has been implicated in oligodendrocyte maturation. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of sciatic nerve cells revealed a Sox10 binding site upstream of an alternate promoter within the Aatk gene, which hosts miR-338. Sox10 occupied this site in spinal cord ChIP experiments, suggesting a similar regulatory mechanism in oligodendrocytes. Cancer profiling studies have identified clusters of miRNAs that regulate proliferation, termed "oncomirs." In Schwann cells, the expression of many of these proproliferative miRNAs was reduced in the absence of Sox10. Finally, Schwann cells with reduced Sox10 and oncomir expression have an increase in the CDK inhibitor p21 and a concomitant reduction in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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