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Roy A, Patra SK. Lipid Raft Facilitated Receptor Organization and Signaling: A Functional Rheostat in Embryonic Development, Stem Cell Biology and Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2-25. [PMID: 35997871 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular views of plasma membrane organization and dynamics are gradually changing over the past fifty years. Dynamics of plasma membrane instigate several signaling nexuses in eukaryotic cells. The striking feature of plasma membrane dynamics is that, it is internally transfigured into various subdomains of clustered macromolecules. Lipid rafts are nanoscale subdomains, enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, reside as floating entity mostly on the exoplasmic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. In terms of functionality, lipid rafts are unique among other membrane subdomains. Herein, advances on the roles of lipid rafts in cellular physiology and homeostasis are discussed, precisely, on how rafts dynamically harbor signaling proteins, including GPCRs, catalytic receptors, and ionotropic receptors within it and orchestrate multiple signaling pathways. In the developmental proceedings signaling are designed for patterning of overall organism and they differ from the somatic cell physiology and signaling of fully developed organisms. Some of the developmental signals are characteristic in maintenance of stemness and activated during several types of tumor development and cancer progression. The harmony between extracellular signaling and lineage specific transcriptional programs are extremely important for embryonic development. The roles of plasma membrane lipid rafts mediated signaling in lineage specificity, early embryonic development, stem cell maintenance are emerging. In view of this, we have highlighted and analyzed the roles of lipid rafts in receptor organization, cell signaling, and gene expression during embryonic development; from pre-implantation through the post-implantation phase, in stem cell and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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2
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Statins: Neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms in mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:693-708. [PMID: 34265321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) treat dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Beyond cardiovascular disease, cholesterol and inflammation appear to be components of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Statins may therefore afford some therapeutic benefit in mood disorders. In this paper, we review the pathophysiology of mood disorders with a focus on pharmacologically relevant pathways, using major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder as exemplars. Statins are discussed in the context of these disorders, with particular focus on the putative mechanisms involved in their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Recent clinical data suggest that statins may have antidepressant properties, however given their interactions with many known biological pathways, it has not been fully elucidated which of these are the major determinants of clinical outcomes in mood disorders. Moreover, it remains unclear what the appropriate dose, or appropriate patient phenotype for adjunctive treatment may be. High quality randomised control trials in concert with complementary biological investigations are needed if the potential clinical effects of statins on mood disorders, as well as their biological correlates, are to be better understood.
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Interaction of drugs with lipid raft membrane domains as a possible target. Drug Target Insights 2021; 14:34-47. [PMID: 33510571 PMCID: PMC7832984 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2020.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plasma membranes are not the homogeneous bilayers of uniformly distributed lipids but the lipid complex with laterally separated lipid raft membrane domains, which provide receptor, ion channel and enzyme proteins with a platform. The aim of this article is to review the mechanistic interaction of drugs with membrane lipid rafts and address the question whether drugs induce physicochemical changes in raft-constituting and raft-surrounding membranes. Methods Literature searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2020 were conducted to include articles published in English in internationally recognized journals. Collected articles were independently reviewed by title, abstract and text for relevance. Results The literature search indicated that pharmacologically diverse drugs interact with raft model membranes and cellular membrane lipid rafts. They could physicochemically modify functional protein-localizing membrane lipid rafts and the membranes surrounding such domains, affecting the raft organizational integrity with the resultant exhibition of pharmacological activity. Raft-acting drugs were characterized as ones to decrease membrane fluidity, induce liquid-ordered phase or order plasma membranes, leading to lipid raft formation; and ones to increase membrane fluidity, induce liquid-disordered phase or reduce phase transition temperature, leading to lipid raft disruption. Conclusion Targeting lipid raft membrane domains would open a new way for drug design and development. Since angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors which are a cell-specific target of and responsible for the cellular entry of novel coronavirus are localized in lipid rafts, agents that specifically disrupt the relevant rafts may be a drug against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Zhang J, Yang X, Zhou Y, Fox H, Xiong H. Direct contacts of microglia on myelin sheath and Ranvier's node in the corpus callosum in rats. J Biomed Res 2019; 33:192-200. [PMID: 30403198 PMCID: PMC6551421 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years, it has been found that microglia pseudopodia contact synapses, detect sick ones and prune them, even in adult animals. Myelinated nerves also carry out plasticity in which microglia remove myelin debris by phagocytosis. However, it remains unknown whether microglia explore structures on nerve fibers, such as Ranvier's node (RN) or myelin sheath, before they become debris. By double or triple staining RNs or myelin sheathes and microglia in healthy rat corpus callosum, this study unveiled direct contacts of microglia pseudopodia with RNs and with para- and inter-nodal myelin sheathes, which was then verified by electron microscopic observations. Our data indicated that microglia also explore unmyelinated nerve fibers. Furthermore, we used the animals with matured white matter; therefore, microglia may be actively involved in plasticity of matured white matter tracts as it does for synapse pruning, instead of only passively phagocytize myelin debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Clinical and Scientific Training, Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - You Zhou
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Howard Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Actin Cytoskeleton and Action Potentials: Forgotten Connections. THE CYTOSKELETON 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33528-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Marin R, Diaz M. Estrogen Interactions With Lipid Rafts Related to Neuroprotection. Impact of Brain Ageing and Menopause. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:128. [PMID: 29559883 PMCID: PMC5845729 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens (E2) exert a plethora of neuroprotective actions against aged-associated brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Part of these actions takes place through binding to estrogen receptors (ER) embedded in signalosomes, where numerous signaling proteins are clustered. Signalosomes are preferentially located in lipid rafts which are dynamic membrane microstructures characterized by a peculiar lipid composition enriched in gangliosides, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids. Rapid E2 interactions with ER-related signalosomes appear to trigger intracellular signaling ultimately leading to the activation of molecular mechanisms against AD. We have previously observed that the reduction of E2 blood levels occurring during menopause induced disruption of ER-signalosomes at frontal cortical brain areas. These molecular changes may reduce neuronal protection activities, as similar ER signalosome derangements were observed in AD brains. The molecular impairments may be associated with changes in the lipid composition of lipid rafts observed in neurons during menopause and AD. These evidences indicate that the changes in lipid raft structure during aging may be at the basis of alterations in the activity of ER and other neuroprotective proteins integrated in these membrane microstructures. Moreover, E2 is a homeostatic modulator of lipid rafts. Recent work has pointed to this relevant aspect of E2 activity to preserve brain integrity, through mechanisms affecting lipid uptake and local biosynthesis in the brain. Some evidences have demonstrated that estrogens and the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exert synergistic effects to stabilize brain lipid matrix. DHA is essential to enhance molecular fluidity at the plasma membrane, promoting functional macromolecular interactions in signaling platforms. In support of this, DHA detriment in neuronal lipid rafts has been associated with the most common age-associated neuropathologies, namely AD and Parkinson disease. Altogether, these findings indicate that E2 may participate in brain preservation through a dual membrane-related mechanism. On the one hand, E2 interacting with ER related signalosomes may protect against neurotoxic insults. On the other hand, E2 may exert lipostatic actions to preserve lipid balance in neuronal membrane microdomains. The different aspects of the emerging multifunctional role of estrogens in membrane-related signalosomes will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Marin
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Patologías Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Unidad Asociada de Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mario Diaz
- Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Patologías Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Unidad Asociada de Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain.,Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Wang M, Uchiumi O, Ogiso H, Shui Y, Zou J, Hashizume C, Taniguchi M, Okazaki T, Kato N. Stressful learning paradigm precludes manifestation of cognitive ability in sphingomyelin synthase-2 knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 319:25-30. [PMID: 27840247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthases (SMSs) are enzymes converting ceramide to sphingomyelin. The behavioral phenotype attributed to their disruption has not been well described. We examined learning ability and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in mice deficient in SMS2 (SMS2 KO). In context-dependent fear learning and novel object recognition test, no difference in learning ability was detected in SMS2 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. By contrast, achievement of the Morris water maze (MWM) test was deteriorated in SMS2 KO mice. In the hippocampal CA1, while the basic synaptic transmission was normal, both short- and long-term synaptic plasticity was moderately suppressed. We interpret that the MWM test taking place in wet environment may represent learning paradigm under more stressful condition than those performed in dry conditions, and that the learning ability of SMS2 KO mice failed to manifest itself fully in stressful situations. In agreement, forced swimming induced depression-like behavior more easily in SMS2 KO mice. Mass spectrometry suggested a slightly altered species distribution of ceramide in the hippocampus of SMS2 KO mice. These findings support the proposal that altered synthesis of ceramide, which is the substrate of SMS2 and therefore expected to be modified in SMS2 KO mice, is associated with depression-like tendency in animal models and depressive disorder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan; Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Osamu Uchiumi
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideo Ogiso
- Department of Hematology-Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuan Shui
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Jingyu Zou
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan; First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chieko Hashizume
- Department of Hematology-Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology-Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan; Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Department of Hematology-Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Baluška F, Yokawa K, Mancuso S, Baverstock K. Understanding of anesthesia - Why consciousness is essential for life and not based on genes. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1238118. [PMID: 28042377 PMCID: PMC5193047 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1238118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and consciousness represent 2 mysteries not only for biology but also for physics and philosophy. Although anesthesia was introduced to medicine more than 160 y ago, our understanding of how it works still remains a mystery. The most prevalent view is that the human brain and its neurons are necessary to impose the effects of anesthetics. However, the fact is that all life can be anesthesized. Numerous theories have been generated trying to explain the major impact of anesthetics on our human-specific consciousness; switching it off so rapidly, but no single theory resolves this enduring mystery. The speed of anesthetic actions precludes any direct involvement of genes. Lipid bilayers, cellular membranes, and critical proteins emerge as the most probable primary targets of anesthetics. Recent findings suggest, rather surprisingly, that physical forces underlie both the anesthetic actions on living organisms as well as on consciousness in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken Yokawa
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschalle, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science & LINV, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Keith Baverstock
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Worcester DL, Weinrich M. Hydrostatic Pressure Promotes Domain Formation in Model Lipid Raft Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4417-4421. [PMID: 26538052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutron diffraction measurements demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure promotes liquid-ordered (Lo) domain formation in lipid membranes prepared as both oriented multilayers and unilamellar vesicles made of a canonical ternary lipid mixture for which demixing transitions have been extensively studied. The results demonstrate an unusually large dependence of the mixing transition on hydrostatic pressure. Additionally, data at 28 °C show that the magnitude of increase in Lo caused by 10 MPa pressure is much the same as the decrease in Lo produced by twice minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of general anesthetics such as halothane, nitrous oxide, and xenon. Therefore, the results may provide a plausible explanation for the reversal of general anesthesia by hydrostatic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Worcester
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg 20899, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California , Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Michael Weinrich
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg 20899, Maryland, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Center of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , 31 Center Drive, Bethesda 20892, Maryland, United States
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Yue Z, Xie J, Yu AS, Stock J, Du J, Yue L. Role of TRP channels in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H157-82. [PMID: 25416190 PMCID: PMC4312948 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00457.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily consists of a large number of nonselective cation channels with variable degree of Ca(2+)-permeability. The 28 mammalian TRP channel proteins can be grouped into six subfamilies: canonical, vanilloid, melastatin, ankyrin, polycystic, and mucolipin TRPs. The majority of these TRP channels are expressed in different cell types including both excitable and nonexcitable cells of the cardiovascular system. Unlike voltage-gated ion channels, TRP channels do not have a typical voltage sensor, but instead can sense a variety of other stimuli including pressure, shear stress, mechanical stretch, oxidative stress, lipid environment alterations, hypertrophic signals, and inflammation products. By integrating multiple stimuli and transducing their activity to downstream cellular signal pathways via Ca(2+) entry and/or membrane depolarization, TRP channels play an essential role in regulating fundamental cell functions such as contraction, relaxation, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. With the use of targeted deletion and transgenic mouse models, recent studies have revealed that TRP channels are involved in numerous cellular functions and play an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, several TRP channels are involved in inherited diseases of the cardiovascular system. This review presents an overview of current knowledge concerning the physiological functions of TRP channels in the cardiovascular system and their contributions to cardiovascular diseases. Ultimately, TRP channels may become potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yue
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jia Xie
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Albert S Yu
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Stock
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jianyang Du
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lixia Yue
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Neishabouri A, Faisal AA. Saltatory conduction in unmyelinated axons: clustering of Na(+) channels on lipid rafts enables micro-saltatory conduction in C-fibers. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:109. [PMID: 25352785 PMCID: PMC4195365 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
THE ACTION POTENTIAL (AP), THE FUNDAMENTAL SIGNAL OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, IS CARRIED BY TWO TYPES OF AXONS: unmyelinated and myelinated fibers. In the former the action potential propagates continuously along the axon as established in large-diameter fibers. In the latter axons the AP jumps along the nodes of Ranvier-discrete, anatomically specialized regions which contain very high densities of sodium ion (Na(+)) channels. Therefore, saltatory conduction is thought as the hallmark of myelinated axons, which enables faster and more reliable propagation of signals than in unmyelinated axons of same outer diameter. Recent molecular anatomy showed that in C-fibers, the very thin (0.1 μm diameter) axons of the peripheral nervous system, Nav1.8 channels are clustered together on lipid rafts that float in the cell membrane. This localized concentration of Na(+) channels resembles in structure the ion channel organization at the nodes of Ranvier, yet it is currently unknown whether this translates into an equivalent phenomenon of saltatory conduction or related-functional benefits and efficiencies. Therefore, we modeled biophysically realistic unmyelinated axons with both conventional and lipid-raft based organization of Na(+) channels. We find that APs are reliably conducted in a micro-saltatory fashion along lipid rafts. Comparing APs in unmyelinated fibers with and without lipid rafts did not reveal any significant difference in either the metabolic cost or AP propagation velocity. By investigating the efficiency of AP propagation over Nav1.8 channels, we find however that the specific inactivation properties of these channels significantly increase the metabolic cost of signaling in C-fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Neishabouri
- Brain and Behaviour Lab, Department of Computing, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Brain and Behaviour Lab, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - A. Aldo Faisal
- Brain and Behaviour Lab, Department of Computing, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Brain and Behaviour Lab, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences CentreLondon, UK
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Tappenbeck K, Schmidt S, Feige K, Naim HY, Huber K. Lidocaine effect on flotillin-2 distribution in detergent-resistant membranes of equine jejunal smooth muscle in vitro. Vet J 2014; 200:325-7. [PMID: 24680669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lidocaine is the most commonly chosen prokinetic for treating postoperative ileus in horses, a motility disorder associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury of intestinal tissues. Despite the frequent use of lidocaine, the mechanism underlying its prokinetic effects is still unclear. Previous studies suggested that lidocaine altered cell membrane characteristics of smooth muscle cells. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate effects of lidocaine administration on characteristics of detergent-resistant membranes in equine jejunal smooth muscle. Lidocaine administration caused significant redistribution of flotillin-2, a protein marker of detergent-resistant membranes, in fractions of sucrose-density-gradients obtained from ischaemia-reperfusion injured smooth muscle solubilised with Triton X-100. It was concluded that lidocaine induced disruption of detergent-resistant membranes which might affect ion channel activity and therefore enhance smooth muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tappenbeck
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Schmidt
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
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Wang H. Lipid rafts: a signaling platform linking cholesterol metabolism to synaptic deficits in autism spectrum disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:104. [PMID: 24723866 PMCID: PMC3973904 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Madrid R, Pertusa M. Intimacies and physiological role of the polymodal cold-sensitive ion channel TRPM8. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 74:293-324. [PMID: 25366241 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800181-3.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The detection of environmental temperature is critical for the survival of the most diverse organisms. Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channels have evolved as a class of ion channels activated by a wide range of temperatures. These molecular thermal sensors are spread through the different TRP channel subfamilies. Among the Melastatin subfamily of TRP channels, the eighth member, TRPM8, is a calcium-permeable cationic ion channel activated by cold, by substances that evoke cold sensation such as menthol, and by voltage. This channel is considered the main molecular entity responsible for the sensitivity to cold of primary sensory neurons of the somatosensory system. Here we present to the readers a summary of some the most relevant biophysical properties, physiological role, and molecular intimacies of this polymodal thermoTRP channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Madrid
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Pertusa
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Loza-Huerta A, Vera-Estrella R, Darszon A, Beltrán C. Certain Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm mitochondrial proteins co-purify with low density detergent-insoluble membranes and are PKA or PKC-substrates possibly involved in sperm motility regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5305-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Khasabova IA, Holman M, Morse T, Burlakova N, Coicou L, Harding-Rose C, Simone DA, Seybold VS. Increased anandamide uptake by sensory neurons contributes to hyperalgesia in a model of cancer pain. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 58:19-28. [PMID: 23644187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids do not effectively manage pain in many patients with advanced cancer. Because anandamide (AEA) activation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R) on nociceptors reduces nociception, manipulation of AEA metabolism in the periphery may be an effective alternative or adjuvant therapy in the management of cancer pain. AEA is hydrolyzed by the intracellular enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and this enzyme activity contributes to uptake of AEA into neurons and to reduction of AEA available to activate CB1R. We used an in vitro preparation of adult murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons co-cultured with fibrosarcoma cells to investigate how tumors alter the uptake of AEA into neurons. Evidence that the uptake of [(3)H]AEA into dissociated DRG cells in the co-culture model mimicked the increase in uptake that occurred in DRG cells from tumor-bearing mice supported the utility of the in vitro model to study AEA uptake. Results with the fluorescent AEA analog CAY10455 confirmed that an increase in uptake in the co-culture model occurred in neurons. One factor that contributed to the increase in [(3)H]AEA uptake was an increase in total cellular cholesterol in the cancer condition. Treatment with the FAAH inhibitor URB597 reduced CAY10455 uptake in the co-culture model to the level observed in DRG neurons maintained in the control condition (i.e., in the absence of fibrosarcoma cells), and this effect was paralleled by OMDM-1, an inhibitor of AEA uptake, at a concentration that had no effect on FAAH activity. Maximally effective concentrations of the two drugs together produced a greater reduction than was observed with each drug alone. Treatment with BMS309403, which competes for AEA binding to fatty acid binding protein-5, mimicked the effect of OMDM-1 in vitro. Local injection of OMDM-1 reduced hyperalgesia in vivo in mice with unilateral tumors in and around the calcaneous bone. Intraplantar injection of OMDM-1 (5μg) into the tumor-bearing paw reduced mechanical hyperalgesia through a CB1R-dependent mechanism and also reduced a spontaneous nocifensive behavior. The same dose reduced withdrawal responses evoked by suprathreshold mechanical stimuli in naive mice. These data support the conclusion that OMDM-1 inhibits AEA uptake by a mechanism that is independent of inhibition of FAAH and provide a rationale for the development of peripherally restricted drugs that decrease AEA uptake for the management of cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna A Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Mencarelli C, Martinez–Martinez P. Ceramide function in the brain: when a slight tilt is enough. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:181-203. [PMID: 22729185 PMCID: PMC3535405 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide, the precursor of all complex sphingolipids, is a potent signaling molecule that mediates key events of cellular pathophysiology. In the nervous system, the sphingolipid metabolism has an important impact. Neurons are polarized cells and their normal functions, such as neuronal connectivity and synaptic transmission, rely on selective trafficking of molecules across plasma membrane. Sphingolipids are abundant on neural cellular membranes and represent potent regulators of brain homeostasis. Ceramide intracellular levels are fine-tuned and alteration of the sphingolipid-ceramide profile contributes to the development of age-related, neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to guide the reader towards a better understanding of the sphingolipid-ceramide pathway system. First, ceramide biology is presented including structure, physical properties and metabolism. Second, we describe the function of ceramide as a lipid second messenger in cell physiology. Finally, we highlight the relevance of sphingolipids and ceramide in the progression of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mencarelli
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Martinez–Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pristerà A, Baker MD, Okuse K. Association between tetrodotoxin resistant channels and lipid rafts regulates sensory neuron excitability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40079. [PMID: 22870192 PMCID: PMC3411591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play a key role in the initiation and propagation of action potentials in neurons. NaV1.8 is a tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistant VGSC expressed in nociceptors, peripheral small-diameter neurons able to detect noxious stimuli. NaV1.8 underlies the vast majority of sodium currents during action potentials. Many studies have highlighted a key role for NaV1.8 in inflammatory and chronic pain models. Lipid rafts are microdomains of the plasma membrane highly enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Lipid rafts tune the spatial and temporal organisation of proteins and lipids on the plasma membrane. They are thought to act as platforms on the membrane where proteins and lipids can be trafficked, compartmentalised and functionally clustered. In the present study we investigated NaV1.8 sub-cellular localisation and explored the idea that it is associated with lipid rafts in nociceptors. We found that NaV1.8 is distributed in clusters along the axons of DRG neurons in vitro and ex vivo. We also demonstrated, by biochemical and imaging studies, that NaV1.8 is associated with lipid rafts along the sciatic nerve ex vivo and in DRG neurons in vitro. Moreover, treatments with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) led to the dissociation between rafts and NaV1.8. By calcium imaging we demonstrated that the lack of association between rafts and NaV1.8 correlated with impaired neuronal excitability, highlighted by a reduction in the number of neurons able to conduct mechanically- and chemically-evoked depolarisations. These findings reveal the sub-cellular localisation of NaV1.8 in nociceptors and highlight the importance of the association between NaV1.8 and lipid rafts in the control of nociceptor excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pristerà
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Baker
- Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenji Okuse
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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