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Boesch M, Baty F, Rassouli F, Brutsche MH. What is disease modification and is this concept even helpful? Eur J Intern Med 2024; 124:1-4. [PMID: 38555252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florent Baty
- Lung Center, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Frank Rassouli
- Lung Center, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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Murugesan P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chenggong Zong N, Youn JY, Chen W, Wang C, Loscalzo J, Cai H. Reversal of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Human-Like Model: Therapeutic Targeting of Endothelial DHFR. Circ Res 2024; 134:351-370. [PMID: 38299369 PMCID: PMC10880947 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in right heart failure. METHODS Here, we show that direct targeting of the endothelium to uncouple eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) with DAHP (2,4-diamino 6-hydroxypyrimidine; an inhibitor of GTP cyclohydrolase 1, the rate-limiting synthetic enzyme for the critical eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin) induces human-like, time-dependent progression of PH phenotypes in mice. RESULTS Critical phenotypic features include progressive elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular systolic blood pressure, and right ventricle (RV)/left ventricle plus septum (LV+S) weight ratio; extensive vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterioles with increased medial thickness/perivascular collagen deposition and increased expression of PCNA (proliferative cell nuclear antigen) and alpha-actin; markedly increased total and mitochondrial superoxide production, substantially reduced tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide bioavailabilities; and formation of an array of human-like vascular lesions. Intriguingly, novel in-house generated endothelial-specific dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) transgenic mice (tg-EC-DHFR) were completely protected from the pathophysiological and molecular features of PH upon DAHP treatment or hypoxia exposure. Furthermore, DHFR overexpression with a pCMV-DHFR plasmid transfection in mice after initiation of DAHP treatment completely reversed PH phenotypes. DHFR knockout mice spontaneously developed PH at baseline and had no additional deterioration in response to hypoxia, indicating an intrinsic role of DHFR deficiency in causing PH. RNA-sequencing experiments indicated great similarity in gene regulation profiles between the DAHP model and human patients with PH. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results establish a novel human-like murine model of PH that has long been lacking in the field, which can be broadly used for future mechanistic and translational studies. These data also indicate that targeting endothelial DHFR deficiency represents a novel and robust therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Murugesan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Yuanli Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Nobel Chenggong Zong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (W.C., C.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (W.C., C.W.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
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3
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Knight H, Abis G, Kaur M, Green HL, Krasemann S, Hartmann K, Lynham S, Clark J, Zhao L, Ruppert C, Weiss A, Schermuly RT, Eaton P, Rudyk O. Cyclin D-CDK4 Disulfide Bond Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Cell Proliferation. Circ Res 2023; 133:966-988. [PMID: 37955182 PMCID: PMC10699508 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic vascular disease characterized, among other abnormalities, by hyperproliferative smooth muscle cells and a perturbed cellular redox and metabolic balance. Oxidants induce cell cycle arrest to halt proliferation; however, little is known about the redox-regulated effector proteins that mediate these processes. Here, we report a novel kinase-inhibitory disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and investigate its role in cell proliferation and PH. METHODS Oxidative modifications of cyclin D-CDK4 were detected in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Site-directed mutagenesis, tandem mass-spectrometry, cell-based experiments, in vitro kinase activity assays, in silico structural modeling, and a novel redox-dead constitutive knock-in mouse were utilized to investigate the nature and definitively establish the importance of CDK4 cysteine modification in pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. Furthermore, the cyclin D-CDK4 oxidation was assessed in vivo in the pulmonary arteries and isolated human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in 3 preclinical models of PH. RESULTS Cyclin D-CDK4 forms a reversible oxidant-induced heterodimeric disulfide dimer between C7/8 and C135, respectively, in cells in vitro and in pulmonary arteries in vivo to inhibit cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity, decrease Rb (retinoblastoma) protein phosphorylation, and induce cell cycle arrest. Mutation of CDK4 C135 causes a kinase-impaired phenotype, which decreases cell proliferation rate and alleviates disease phenotype in an experimental mouse PH model, suggesting this cysteine is indispensable for cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity. Pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension display a decreased level of CDK4 disulfide, consistent with CDK4 being hyperactive in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, auranofin treatment, which induces the cyclin D-CDK4 disulfide, attenuates disease severity in experimental PH models by mitigating pulmonary vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS A novel disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 acts as a rapid switch to inhibit kinase activity and halt cell proliferation. This oxidative modification forms at a critical cysteine residue, which is unique to CDK4, offering the potential for the design of a selective covalent inhibitor predicted to be beneficial in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Knight
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Abis
- Division of Biosciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, United Kingdom (G.A.)
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L.H. Green
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (S.K., K.H.)
| | - Kristin Hartmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (S.K., K.H.)
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry (S.L.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - James Clark
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.Z.)
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Giessen Biobank, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany (C.R.)
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany (A.W., R.T.S.)
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany (A.W., R.T.S.)
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.E.)
| | - Olena Rudyk
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (H.K., M.K., H.L.H.G., J.C., O.R.), King’s College London, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Yang Y, Liu K, Zhang C. Traditional Chinese medicine monomers: Targeting pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation to treat pulmonary hypertension. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14916. [PMID: 37128338 PMCID: PMC10147991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR), with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. The abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the main pathological change causing PVR. At present, clinical treatment drugs for PH are limited, which can only improve symptoms and reduce hospitalization but cannot delay disease progression and reduce survival rate. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine monomers (TCMs) inhibit excessive proliferation of PASMCs resulting in alleviating PVR through multiple channels and multiple targets, which has attracted more and more attention in the treatment of PH. In this paper, the experimental evidence of inhibiting PASMCs proliferation by TCMs was summarized to provide some directions for the future development of these mentioned TCMs as anti-PH drugs in clinical.
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Bousseau S, Sobrano Fais R, Gu S, Frump A, Lahm T. Pathophysiology and new advances in pulmonary hypertension. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000137. [PMID: 37051026 PMCID: PMC10083754 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and often fatal cardiopulmonary condition characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure, structural changes in the pulmonary circulation, and the formation of vaso-occlusive lesions. These changes lead to increased right ventricular afterload, which often progresses to maladaptive right ventricular remodelling and eventually death. Pulmonary arterial hypertension represents one of the most severe and best studied types of pulmonary hypertension and is consistently targeted by drug treatments. The underlying molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is a complex and multifactorial process, but can be characterised by several hallmarks: inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, metabolic alterations, genetic or epigenetic abnormalities, influence of sex and sex hormones, and abnormalities in the right ventricle. Current treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension and some other types of pulmonary hypertension target pathways involved in the control of pulmonary vascular tone and proliferation; however, these treatments have limited efficacy on patient outcomes. This review describes key features of pulmonary hypertension, discusses current and emerging therapeutic interventions, and points to future directions for research and patient care. Because most progress in the specialty has been made in pulmonary arterial hypertension, this review focuses on this type of pulmonary hypertension. The review highlights key pathophysiological concepts and emerging therapeutic directions, targeting inflammation, cellular metabolism, genetics and epigenetics, sex hormone signalling, bone morphogenetic protein signalling, and inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bousseau
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rafael Sobrano Fais
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sue Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea Frump
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Type II BMP and activin receptors BMPR2 and ACVR2A share a conserved mode of growth factor recognition. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102076. [PMID: 35643319 PMCID: PMC9234707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BMPR2 is a type II Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β family receptor that is fundamentally associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in humans. BMPR2 shares functional similarities with the type II activin receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B, as it interacts with an overlapping group of TGF-β family growth factors (GFs). However, how BMPR2 recognizes GFs remains poorly understood. Here, we solved crystal structures of BMPR2 in complex with the GF activin B and of ACVR2A in complex with the related GF activin A. We show that both BMPR2 and ACVR2A bind GFs with nearly identical geometry using a conserved hydrophobic hot spot, while differences in contacting residues are predominantly found in loop areas. Upon further exploration of the GF-binding spectrum of the two receptors, we found that although many GFs bind both receptors, the high-affinity BMPR2 GFs comprise BMP15, BMP10, and Nodal, whereas those of ACVR2A are activin A, activin B, and GDF11. Lastly, we evaluated GF-binding domain BMPR2 variants found in human PAH patients. We demonstrate that mutations within the GF-binding interface resulted in loss of GF binding, while mutations in loop areas allowed BMPR2 to retain the ability to bind cognate GFs with high affinity. In conclusion, the in vitro activities of BMPR2 variants and the crystal structures reported here indicate biochemically relevant complexes that explain how some GF-binding domain variants can lead to PAH.
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Tanreqing Injection Regulates Cell Function of Hypoxia-Induced Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (HPASMCs) through TRPC1/CX3CL1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235102. [PMID: 35186183 PMCID: PMC8856792 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is due to hypoxia caused by vascular endothelial cell remolding and damage. Previous studies have suggested that CX3CL1 plays an important role in HPAH which is affected by oxidative stress. Ca2+ channel activation correlated with increasing NF-κB levels induced by ROS. Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for acute upper respiratory tract infection and acute pneumonia. In the present study, we explored the effect of TRQ on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) undergoing hypoxia and feasible molecular mechanisms involved in. Cell proliferation was assayed using CCK8 kits. Immunofluorescence and western blotting along with ELISA assay were performed to investigate the effect of TRQ on hypoxia-induced ROS, Ca2+, hydroxyl free radicals, and the expression of Ca2+ channel protein TRPC1, CX3CR1, HIF-1α, NF-κBp65, and p-NF-κBp65 in HPASMCs. Human CX3CL1 and the inhibitor of TRPC1 as SKF96365 were used for further investigation. TRQ inhibited hypoxia-induced increasing cell adhesion, ROS, Ca2+, hydroxyl free radicals, CX3CR1, HIF-1α, NF-κBp65 activation, and even on TRPC1 expression in HPASMC which tended to be attenuated even reversed by CX3CL1. Our results suggested that TRQ might help to attenuate remodeling of HPASMC through inhibiting the ROS and TRPC1/CX3CL1 signaling pathway.
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Simon MA, Hanrott K, Budd DC, Torres F, Grünig E, Escribano‐Subias P, Meseguer ML, Halank M, Opitz C, Hall DA, Hewens D, Powley WM, Siederer S, Bayliffe A, Lazaar AL, Cahn A, Rosenkranz S. An open‐label, dose‐escalation study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single doses of GSK2586881 in participants with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12024. [PMID: 35506108 PMCID: PMC9053011 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that angiotensin‐converting enzyme type 2 activity may be impaired in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); therefore, administration of exogenous angiotensin‐converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) may be beneficial. This Phase IIa, multi‐center, open‐label, exploratory, single‐dose, dose‐escalation study (NCT03177603) assessed the potential vasodilatory effects of single doses of GSK2586881 (a recombinant human ACE2) on acute cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in hemodynamically stable adults with documented PAH who were receiving background PAH therapy. Successive cohorts of participants were administered a single intravenous dose of GSK2586881 of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg. Dose escalation occurred after four or more participants per cohort were dosed and a review of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and hemodynamic data up to 24 h postdose was undertaken. The primary endpoint was a change in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics (pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac index, and mean pulmonary artery pressure) from baseline. Secondary/exploratory objectives included safety and tolerability, effect on renin‐angiotensin system peptides, and pharmacokinetics. GSK2586881 demonstrated no consistent or sustained effect on acute cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in participants with PAH receiving background PAH therapy (N = 23). All doses of GSK2586881 were well tolerated. GSK2586881 was quantifiable in plasma for up to 4 h poststart of infusion in all participants and caused a consistent and sustained reduction in angiotensin II and a corresponding increase in angiotensin (1–7) and angiotensin (1–5). While there does not appear to be a consistent acute vasodilatory response to single doses of GSK2586881 in participants with PAH, the potential benefits in terms of chronic vascular remodeling remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco California USA
| | - Kate Hanrott
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
| | - David C. Budd
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
| | | | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH at Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Pilar Escribano‐Subias
- CIBER‐CV Cardiology Department, Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel L. Meseguer
- Lung Transplant and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Spain
| | - Michael Halank
- Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Opitz
- Department of Cardiology DRK Kliniken Berlin Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Berlin Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - David A. Hall
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
| | - Deborah Hewens
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
| | - William M. Powley
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
| | - Sarah Siederer
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
| | - Andrew Bayliffe
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
- Marengo Therapeutics and Apple Tree Partners Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Aili L. Lazaar
- Discovery Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine GlaxoSmithKline plc. Collegeville Pennsylvania USA
| | - Anthony Cahn
- Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre GlaxoSmithKline plc. Stevenage UK
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC) Cologne University Heart Center Cologne Germany
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Dunshee LC, Sullivan MO, Kiick KL. Therapeutic nanocarriers comprising extracellular matrix-inspired peptides and polysaccharides. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1723-1740. [PMID: 34696691 PMCID: PMC8601199 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1988925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extracellular matrix (ECM) is vital for cell and tissue development. Given its importance, extensive work has been conducted to develop biomaterials and drug delivery vehicles that capture features of ECM structure and function. AREAS COVERED This review highlights recent developments of ECM-inspired nanocarriers and their exploration for drug and gene delivery applications. Nanocarriers that are inspired by or created from primary components of the ECM (e.g. elastin, collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), or combinations of these) are explicitly covered. An update on current clinical trials employing elastin-like proteins is also included. EXPERT OPINION Novel ECM-inspired nanoscale structures and conjugates continue to be of great interest in the materials science and bioengineering communities. Hyaluronic acid nanocarrier systems in particular are widely employed due to the functional activity of HA in mediating a large number of disease states. In contrast, collagen-like peptide nanocarriers are an emerging drug delivery platform with potential relevance to a myriad of ECM-related diseases, making their continued study most pertinent. Elastin-like peptide nanocarriers have a well-established tolerability and efficacy track record in preclinical analyses that has motivated their recent advancement into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Dunshee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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10
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Gu M, Donato M, Guo M, Wary N, Miao Y, Mao S, Saito T, Otsuki S, Wang L, Harper RL, Sa S, Khatri P, Rabinovitch M. iPSC-endothelial cell phenotypic drug screening and in silico analyses identify tyrphostin-AG1296 for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/592/eaba6480. [PMID: 33952674 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder leading to occlusive vascular remodeling. Current PAH therapies improve quality of life but do not reverse structural abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature. Here, we used high-throughput drug screening combined with in silico analyses of existing transcriptomic datasets to identify a promising lead compound to reverse PAH. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells generated from six patients with PAH were exposed to 4500 compounds and assayed for improved cell survival after serum withdrawal using a chemiluminescent caspase assay. Subsequent validation of caspase activity and improved angiogenesis combined with data analyses using the Gene Expression Omnibus and Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures databases revealed that the lead compound AG1296 was positively associated with an anti-PAH gene signature. AG1296 increased abundance of bone morphogenetic protein receptors, downstream signaling, and gene expression and suppressed PAH smooth muscle cell proliferation. AG1296 induced regression of PA neointimal lesions in lung organ culture and PA occlusive changes in the Sugen/hypoxia rat model and reduced right ventricular systolic pressure. Moreover, AG1296 improved vascular function and BMPR2 signaling and showed better correlation with the anti-PAH gene signature than other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Specifically, AG1296 up-regulated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 1/5 coactivators, cAMP response element-binding protein 3 (CREB3), and CREB5: CREB3 induced inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and downstream genes that improved vascular function. Thus, drug discovery for PAH can be accelerated by combining phenotypic screening with in silico analyses of publicly available datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Gu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics) and Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Neil Wary
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yifei Miao
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shuai Mao
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshie Saito
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shoichiro Otsuki
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lingli Wang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca L Harper
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Silin Sa
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics) and Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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11
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Pedro Ferreira J, Pitt B, Zannad F. Histone deacetylase inhibitors for cardiovascular conditions and healthy longevity. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2021; 2:e371-e379. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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12
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Jasińska-Stroschein M. A review of rodent models for metabolic syndromes and pulmonary hypertension. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 425:115599. [PMID: 34081939 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, may affect the pathogenesis and development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and therefore some treatments could be beneficial for both disorders. The present study investigates whether such metabolic diseases increase susceptibility to PH in rodent models, and identifies which models are suitable for research on PH and its potential therapeutic candidates. It also explores whether particular PH model can worsen the metabolic parameters. RESULTS A review of 200 interventions on a variety of animal models was performed. The advantages of various diabetes (obesity)-related procedures, including dietary and genetic modifications, intended to provoke 'spontaneous' PH were reviewed, as well as the effects of combinations of such procedures with common PH models, with the aim of exacerbating pulmonary artery remodeling, right ventricle hypertrophy and hemodynamics. The paper describes the efficacy of particular agents toward PH-related lesions, according to particular study protocols (animal model, dosage schedule). CONCLUSIONS A wide range of diabetes (obesity)-related animal models are used for pre-clinical studies on PH and several factors should be considered when planning research; special attention should be paid to the linkage between the molecular background of the disease, the rationale for a particular animal model and the molecular activity of the tested agent.
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13
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Li M, Riddle S, Kumar S, Poczobutt J, McKeon BA, Frid MG, Ostaff M, Reisz JA, Nemkov T, Fini MA, Laux A, Hu CJ, El Kasmi KC, D’Alessandro A, Brown RD, Zhang H, Stenmark KR. Microenvironmental Regulation of Macrophage Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles in Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640718. [PMID: 33868271 PMCID: PMC8044406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment and subsequent polarization of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in the perivascular regions of pulmonary arteries is a key feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the mechanisms driving macrophage polarization within the adventitial microenvironment during PH progression remain unclear. We previously established that reciprocal interactions between fibroblasts and macrophages are essential in driving the activated phenotype of both cell types although the signals involved in these interactions remain undefined. We sought to test the hypothesis that adventitial fibroblasts produce a complex array of metabolites and proteins that coordinately direct metabolomic and transcriptomic re-programming of naïve macrophages to recapitulate the pathophysiologic phenotype observed in PH. Media conditioned by pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts isolated from pulmonary hypertensive (PH-CM) or age-matched control (CO-CM) calves were used to activate bone marrow derived macrophages. RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analyses were performed. Fibroblast conditioned medium from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension or controls were used to validate transcriptional findings. The microenvironment was targeted in vitro using a fibroblast-macrophage co-culture system and in vivo in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced PH. Both CO-CM and PH-CM actively, yet distinctly regulated macrophage transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. Network integration revealed coordinated rewiring of pro-inflammatory and pro-remodeling gene regulation in concert with altered mitochondrial and intermediary metabolism in response to PH-CM. Pro-inflammation and metabolism are key regulators of macrophage phenotype in vitro, and are closely related to in vivo flow sorted lung interstitial/perivascular macrophages from hypoxic mice. Metabolic changes are accompanied by increased free NADH levels and increased expression of a metabolic sensor and transcriptional co-repressor, C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), a mechanism shared with adventitial PH-fibroblasts. Targeting the microenvironment created by both cell types with the CtBP1 inhibitor MTOB, inhibited macrophage pro-inflammatory and metabolic re-programming both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming is a critical mechanism regulating macrophage polarization in response to the complex adventitial microenvironment in PH. Targeting the adventitial microenvironment can return activated macrophages toward quiescence and attenuate pathological remodeling that drives PH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joanna Poczobutt
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - B. Alexandre McKeon
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maria G. Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maureen Ostaff
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mehdi A. Fini
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aya Laux
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cheng-Jun Hu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - R. Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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14
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Xu X, Feng H, Dai C, Lu W, Zhang J, Guo X, Yin Q, Wang J, Cui X, Jiang F. Therapeutic efficacy of the novel selective RNA polymerase I inhibitor CX-5461 on pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated vascular remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1605-1619. [PMID: 33486761 PMCID: PMC9328314 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose CX‐5461 is a novel selective RNA polymerase I (Pol I) inhibitor. Previously, we found that CX‐5461 could inhibit pathological arterial remodelling caused by angioplasty and transplantation. In the present study, we explored the pharmacological effects of CX‐5461 on experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PAH‐associated vascular remodelling. Experimental Approach PAH was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by monocrotaline or Sugen/hypoxia. Key Results We demonstrated that CX‐5461 was well tolerated for in vivo treatments. CX‐5461 prevented the development of pulmonary arterial remodelling, perivascular inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, and improved survival. More importantly, CX‐5461 partly reversed established pulmonary hypertension. In vitro, CX‐5461 induced cell cycle arrest in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. The beneficial effects of CX‐5461 in vivo and in vitro were associated with increased activation (phosphorylation) of p53. Conclusion and Implications Our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of Pol I may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat otherwise drug‐resistant PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chaochao Dai
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weida Lu
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qihui Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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15
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Woodcock CSC, Hafeez N, Handen A, Tang Y, Harvey LD, Estephan LE, Speyer G, Kim S, Bertero T, Chan SY. Matrix stiffening induces a pathogenic QKI-miR-7-SRSF1 signaling axis in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L726-L738. [PMID: 33565360 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00407.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) refers to a set of heterogeneous vascular diseases defined by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), leading to right ventricular (RV) remodeling and often death. Early increases in pulmonary artery stiffness in PAH drive pathogenic alterations of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), leading to vascular remodeling. Dysregulation of microRNAs can drive PAEC dysfunction. However, the role of vascular stiffness in regulating pathogenic microRNAs in PAH is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrated that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening downregulated miR-7 levels in PAECs. The RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) has been implicated in the biogenesis of miR-7. Correspondingly, we found that ECM stiffness upregulated QKI, and QKI knockdown led to increased miR-7. Downstream of the QKI-miR-7 axis, the serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) was identified as a direct target of miR-7. Correspondingly, SRSF1 was reciprocally upregulated in PAECs exposed to stiff ECM and was negatively correlated with miR-7. Decreased miR-7 and increased QKI and SRSF1 were observed in lungs from patients with PAH and PAH rats exposed to SU5416/hypoxia. Lastly, miR-7 upregulation inhibited human PAEC migration, whereas forced SRSF1 expression reversed this phenotype, proving that miR-7 depended upon SRSF1 to control migration. In aggregate, these results define the QKI-miR-7-SRSF1 axis as a mechanosensitive mechanism linking pulmonary arterial vascular stiffness to pathogenic endothelial function. These findings emphasize implications relevant to PAH and suggest the potential benefit of developing therapies that target this miRNA-dependent axis in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shan Chen Woodcock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Neha Hafeez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Handen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lloyd D Harvey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard E Estephan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gil Speyer
- Research Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Computational Systems Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas
| | - Thomas Bertero
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Veeroju S, Kojonazarov B, Weiss A, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Novoyatleva T, Schermuly RT. Therapeutic Potential of Regorafenib-A Multikinase Inhibitor in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031502. [PMID: 33540939 PMCID: PMC7867319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a progressive elevation of mean arterial pressure followed by right ventricular failure and death. Previous studies have indicated that numerous inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling could be either beneficial or detrimental for the treatment of PH. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of the multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) for the treatment of PH. A peptide-based kinase activity assay was performed using the PamStation®12 platform. The 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine proliferation and transwell migration assays were utilized in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Regorafenib was administered to monocrotaline- and hypoxia-induced PH in rats and mice, respectively. Functional parameters were analyzed by hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements. The kinase activity assay revealed upregulation of twenty-nine kinases in PASMCs from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH), of which fifteen were established as potential targets of regorafenib. Regorafenib showed strong anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in IPAH-PASMCs compared to the control PASMCs. Both experimental models indicated improved cardiac function and reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling upon regorafenib treatment. In lungs from monocrotaline (MCT) rats, regorafenib reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Overall, our data indicated that regorafenib plays a beneficial role in experimental PH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypoxia/complications
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mice
- Monocrotaline/toxicity
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Veeroju
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Institute for Lung Health, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Institute for Lung Health, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +49-641-994-2421 (R.T.S.); Fax: +49-641-994-2419 (R.T.S.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.V.); (B.K.); (A.W.); (H.A.G.); (N.W.); (F.G.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +49-641-994-2421 (R.T.S.); Fax: +49-641-994-2419 (R.T.S.)
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17
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Yerabolu D, Weiss A, Kojonazarov B, Boehm M, Schlueter BC, Ruppert C, Günther A, Jonigk D, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Weissmann N, Schermuly RT. Targeting Jak-Stat Signaling in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:100-114. [PMID: 33052714 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0431oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), progressive structural remodeling accounts for the pulmonary vasculopathy including the obliteration of the lung vasculature that causes an increase in vascular resistance and mean blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries ultimately leading to right heart failure-mediated death. Deciphering the molecular details of aberrant signaling of pulmonary vascular cells in PAH is fundamental for the development of new therapeutic strategies. We aimed to identify kinases as new potential drug targets that are dysregulated in PAH by means of a peptide-based kinase activity assay. We performed a tyrosine kinase-dependent phosphorylation assay using 144 selected microarrayed substrate peptides. The differential signature of phosphopeptides was used to predict alterations in tyrosine kinase activities in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) compared with healthy control cells. Thereby, we observed an overactivation and an increased expression of Jak2 (Janus kinase 2) in HPASMCs from patients with IPAH as compared with controls. In vitro, IL-6-induced proliferation and migration of HPASMCs from healthy individuals as well as from patients with IPAH were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved Jak1 and Jak2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. In vivo, ruxolitinib therapy in two experimental models of pulmonary arterial hypertension dose-dependently attenuated the elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure, partially reduced right ventricular hypertrophy, and almost completely restored cardiac index without signs of adverse events on cardiac function. Therefore, we propose that ruxolitinib may present a novel therapeutic option for patients with PAH by reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling through effectively blocking Jak2-Stat3 (signal transducer of activators of transcription)-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Yerabolu
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mario Boehm
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Beate Christiane Schlueter
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Giessen Biobank, Part of the German Center for Lung Research Biobank, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Giessen Biobank, Part of the German Center for Lung Research Biobank, Giessen, Germany.,Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
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18
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Dannewitz Prosseda S, Ali MK, Spiekerkoetter E. Novel Advances in Modifying BMPR2 Signaling in PAH. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010008. [PMID: 33374819 PMCID: PMC7824173 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the pulmonary arteries, that is characterized by progressive narrowing of the pulmonary arterial lumen and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right ventricular dysfunction, heart failure and premature death. Current treatments mainly target pulmonary vasodilation and leave the progressive vascular remodeling unchecked resulting in persistent high morbidity and mortality in PAH even with treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Loss of function mutations of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMPR2) are the most common genetic factor in hereditary forms of PAH, suggesting that the BMPR2 pathway is fundamentally important in the pathogenesis. Dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling recapitulates the cellular abnormalities in PAH as well as the pathobiology in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). Approaches to restore BMPR2 signaling by increasing the expression of BMPR2 or its downstream signaling targets are currently actively explored as novel ways to prevent and improve experimental PH as well as PAH in patients. Here, we summarize existing as well as novel potential treatment strategies for PAH that activate the BMPR2 receptor pharmaceutically or genetically, increase the receptor availability at the cell surface, or reconstitute downstream BMPR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Dannewitz Prosseda
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Martinez-Hackert E, Sundan A, Holien T. Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-β family action. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:39-54. [PMID: 33087301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related, multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development, regulation, and maintenance of animal tissues. In humans, the family counts over 33 members. These secreted ligands typically form multimeric complexes with two type I and two type II receptors to activate one of two distinct signal transduction branches. A striking feature of the family is its promiscuity, i.e., many ligands bind the same receptors and compete with each other for binding to these receptors. Although several explanations for this feature have been considered, its functional significance has remained puzzling. However, several recent reports have promoted the idea that ligand-receptor binding promiscuity and competition are critical features of the TGF-β family that provide an essential regulating function. Namely, they allow a cell to read and process multi-ligand inputs. This capability may be necessary for producing subtle, distinctive, or adaptive responses and, possibly, for facilitating developmental plasticity. Here, we review the molecular basis for ligand competition, with emphasis on molecular structures and binding affinities. We give an overview of methods that were used to establish experimentally ligand competition. Finally, we discuss how the concept of ligand competition may be fundamentally tied to human physiology, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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20
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PPARγ is a gatekeeper for extracellular matrix and vascular cell homeostasis: beneficial role in pulmonary hypertension and renal/cardiac/pulmonary fibrosis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 29:171-179. [PMID: 31815758 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and apoptosis, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and metabolic disturbances that include disrupted bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) axis and DNA damage. Activation of PPARγ improves many of these mechanisms, although erroneous reports on potential adverse effects of thiazolidinedione (TZD)-class PPARγ agonists reduced their clinical use in the past decade. Here, we review recent findings in heart, lung, and kidney research related to the pathobiology of vascular remodeling and tissue fibrosis, and also potential therapeutic effects of the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone. RECENT FINDINGS Independent of its metabolic effects (improved insulin sensitivity and fatty acid handling), PPARγ activation rescues BMPR2 dysfunction, inhibits TGFβ/Smad3/CTGF and TGFβ/pSTAT3/pFoxO1 pathways, and induces the PPARγ/apoE axis, inhibiting vascular remodeling. PPARγ activation dampens mtDNA damage via PPARγ/UBR5/ATM pathway, improves function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and decrease renal fibrosis by repressing TGFβ/pSTAT3 and TGFβ/EGR1. SUMMARY Pharmacological PPARγ activation improves many hallmarks of PAH, including dysfunction of BMPR2-PPARγ axis, PAEC, PASMC, EPC, mitochondria/metabolism, and inflammation. Recent randomized controlled trials, including IRIS (Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke Trial), emphasize the beneficial effects of PPARγ agonists in PAH patients, leading to recent revival for clinical use.
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21
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Kang Y, Zhang G, Huang EC, Huang J, Cai J, Cai L, Wang S, Keller BB. Sulforaphane prevents right ventricular injury and reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H853-H866. [PMID: 32108526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00321.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is the main determinant of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and while inflammation is pathogenic in PAH, there is limited information on the role of RV inflammation in PAH. Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent Nrf2 activator, has significant anti-inflammatory effects and facilitates cardiac protection in preclinical diabetic models. Therefore, we hypothesized that SFN might play a comparable role in reducing RV and pulmonary inflammation and injury in a murine PAH model. We induced PAH using SU5416 and 10% hypoxia (SuHx) for 4 wk in male mice randomized to SFN at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg 5 days per week for 4 wk or to vehicle control. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to characterize chamber-specific ventricular function during PAH induction. At 4 wk, we measured RV pressure and relevant measures of histology and protein and gene expression. SuHx induced progressive RV, but not LV, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and RV and pulmonary remodeling, fibrosis, and inflammation. SFN prevented SuHx-induced RV dysfunction and remodeling, reduced RV inflammation and fibrosis, upregulated Nrf2 expression and its downstream gene NQO1, and reduced the inflammatory mediator leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). SFN also reduced SuHx-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. SFN alone had no effect on the heart or lungs. Thus, SuHx-induced RV and pulmonary dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis can be attenuated or prevented by SFN, supporting the rationale for further studies to investigate SFN and the role of Nrf2 and NLRP3 pathways in preclinical and clinical PAH studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in this murine model (SU5416 + hypoxia) is associated with early changes in right ventricular (RV) diastolic and systolic function. RV and lung injury in the SU5416 + hypoxia model are associated with markers for fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Sulforaphane (SFN) alone for 4 wk has no effect on the murine heart or lungs. Sulforaphane (SFN) attenuates or prevents the RV and lung injury in the SUF5416 + hypoxia model of PAH, suggesting that Nrf2 may be a candidate target for strategies to prevent or reverse PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kang
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Emma C Huang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Department of Anesthesiology, Jewish Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhang C, Sheng J, Li S, Li W, Yang X, Wang X, He S, Bai J, Zhu D. Puerarin prevents progression of experimental hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension via inhibition of autophagy. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 141:97-105. [PMID: 31640920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined as elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure to ≥25 mmHg within the low pressure pulmonary circulatory system. PAH is characterized by obstructive vascular remodeling, partially due to excessive pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Puerarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from the herb Radix puerariae, which has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders and diabetes. However, how puerarin mediates autophagy in the progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling is unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of puerarin in a hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH) rat model using immunohistochemistry, and morphometric analyses of right ventricle. In addition, cell counting kit 8 assay, western blotting and flow cytometry were employed to test cell proliferation in PASMCs, and then autophagy was tested with mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence microscopy and Western blot. We found that puerarin could alleviate hypoxia-induced PH in rats and improved pulmonary histopathology, and also reduced the expression of autophagy markers in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, puerarin also ameliorated hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation in an autophagy-dependent manner. Overall, these findings demonstrated that puerarin could prevent hypoxia-induced PH in rats, possibly via reducing autophagy and suppressing cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Jiejing Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Songlin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Wendi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Xinying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, PR China.
| | - Siyu He
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, PR China.
| | - June Bai
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, PR China.
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China; State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
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