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Nguyen V, Montout C, Mura T, Purper-Ouakil D, Lopez-Castroman J. Concordance and validity between versions of the ADHD Conners scale for Parents. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:373-379. [PMID: 37718199 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Conners Scale for Parents (CRS-P) is one of the reference tools for the diagnostic assessment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). It is commonly used in both research and clinical practice. The latest edition of the Conners Parents Scale Long Version (CRS-P3L) has undergone extensive modifications but has never been compared with the 2nd edition (CRS-P2L). We aim to study the concordance between the last two editions of the CRS-P, their internal consistency, and their validity against the criteria of the ADHD-RS. METHODS The study population was a cohort of 30 children diagnosed with ADHD participating in a clinical trial. The parents of these children completed both editions of the CRS (P2L and P3L), as well as a DSM-IV ADHD Diagnostic Criteria Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). A linear regression model with the calculation of Lin's concordance coefficient (LCC) was used to study the concordance between the scales. Internal validity was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and inter-criteria validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The internal consistency found was "correct" to "good" for both editions (Cronbach alpha 0.85 and 0.77), their correlation with the ADHD-RS was medium to low (Spearman's coefficient 0.25 and 0.09). Concordance between the overall score and the sub-scores of the two editions of the same Conners scale (CRS-P2L and CRS-P3L) was fair to medium (LCC 0.29 to 0.69). CONCLUSIONS The third edition of the long version of the CRS-P showed very poor concordance with the previous edition. The diagnostic profile of the children seems to have evolved with the new edition, which appears to affect the interpretation of the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Montout
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; BESPIM, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Thibaut Mura
- BESPIM, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; University of Montpellier, INSERM, INM (Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- CHU de Montpellier; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (MPEA1), Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1018 CESP University Paris Saclay, Psychiatry, Development and Trajectories, France
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; BESPIM, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Inserm & University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain.
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Slobodin O, Davidovitch M. Primary School Children’s Self-Reports of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Related Symptoms and Their Associations With Subjective and Objective Measures of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:806047. [PMID: 35250516 PMCID: PMC8888855 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.806047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe diagnosis of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is primarily dependent on parents’ and teachers’ reports, while children’s own perspectives on their difficulties and strengths are often overlooked.GoalTo further increase our insight into children’s ability to reliably report about their ADHD-related symptoms, the current study examined the associations between children’s self-reports, parents’ and teachers’ reports, and standardized continuous performance test (CPT) data. We also examined whether the addition of children’s perceptions of ADHD-symptoms to parents’ and teachers’ reports would be reflected by objective and standardized data.MethodsThe study included 190 children with ADHD, aged 7–10 years, who were referred to a pediatric neurologic clinic. A retrospective analysis was conducted using records of a clinical database. Obtained data included children’s self-reports of their attention level and ADHD-related symptoms, parent, and teacher forms of the Conners ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher’s Report Form (TRF), and CPT scores.ResultsChildren’s self-evaluations of their functioning were globally associated with their teachers’ and parents’ evaluations, but not uniquely. Children’s self-reports of ADHD symptoms were not uniquely linked to a specific CPT impairment index, but to a general likelihood of having an impaired CPT. The CPT performance successfully distinguished between the group of children who defined themselves as inattentive and those who did not.ConclusionPrimary school children with ADHD are able to identify their limitations and needs difficulties and that their perspectives should inform clinical practice and research. The clinical and ethical imperative of taking children’s perspectives into account during ADHD diagnosis and treatment is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Slobodin
- The Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ortal Slobodin,
| | - Michael Davidovitch
- Child Development North District, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Institute, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Bünger A, Urfer-Maurer N, Grob A. Multimethod Assessment of Attention, Executive Functions, and Motor Skills in Children With and Without ADHD: Children's Performance and Parents' Perceptions. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:596-606. [PMID: 30700232 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718824985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We examined whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from children without ADHD in attention, executive functions, and motor skills and whether measures of parents' perceptions and children's performance reveal comparable results. Method: About 52 children with ADHD and 52 children without ADHD aged 6 to 13 years completed performance-based measures of attention, executive functions, and motor skills. Parents completed questionnaires to rate their children's skills. Results: Parent questionnaires but not performance-based measures revealed higher inattention and lower executive function skills in children with ADHD compared to controls. For motor skills, both measurement methods revealed lower mean values and a higher number of children showing an impairment in the ADHD group. Parent-reported difficulties but not performance-based measures were related to the presence of an ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that considering both parent questionnaires and performance-based measures will lead to a comprehensive picture of a child's strengths and difficulties.
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Hamidzadeh A, Kharatha M, Bazghaleh M, Basirinejad H, Aghdam NF, Ebrahimi H. The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its related risk factors among children at elementary school in Shahroud. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:341. [PMID: 34761027 PMCID: PMC8552256 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_46_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common reasons for visiting psychiatrists and psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and its related risk factors among children at elementary schools. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study focused on teachers and parents of 779 elementary students who were selected through stratified cluster random sampling; Conners Parent and Teacher Questionnaires were used to collecting data. The data were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), independent samples t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. The significant level was set at 0.05. RESULTS According to teachers' responses, the prevalence of ADHD among students in elementary schools was 4.4%, whereas parents reported a prevalence of 0.5%. There was a significant relationship between childhood ADHD and marital status of parents, fathers' smoking habits, previous experience of living in rural areas, children's previous history of having diseases and using the medicine, previous history of ADHD, and psychological problems in the family. CONCLUSIONS According to the study, teachers and parents suffer from a lack of knowledge about ADHD. Thus, the educational workshops and programs should be held for teachers, parents, and counselors to inform them about the procedures for timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hamidzadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Kharatha
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Milad Bazghaleh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hassan Basirinejad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Fadae Aghdam
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Hossein Ebrahimi, Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. E-mail:
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Fumeaux P, Mercier C, Roche S, Iwaz J, Stéphan P, Revol O. Validation of the French Version of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Short Form in ADHD-Diagnosed Children and Comparison With Control Children. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:124-133. [PMID: 29562852 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718763908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine measurement invariance and discriminant validity of the French Lausanne version (FLV) of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Short Form (CPRS-R:S) and assess its convergent validity against the ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale (ADHD-SRS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Method: A confirmatory factor analysis and Tobit models were used in 108 ADHD children (aged 6-17) vs. 794 controls (aged 9-15) and score correlations were examined between FLV and ADHD-SRS then CBCL. Results: The factorial structure and reliability of the FLV is confirmed in ADHD children. The FLV showed configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance. FLV scores were significantly higher in ADHD than in control children in all three dimensions (p < .001). There were strong correlations between FLV Hyperactivity and Cognitive problems/Inattention scores and ADHD-SRS scores of Impulsivity/Hyperactivity (r = .90) and Inattention (r = .68) and also strong correlations between FLV Opposition score and the CBCL scores of Aggressive behavior (r = .84) and Rule-breaking behavior (r = .66). Conclusion: The study brings support for validation of the FLV regarding invariance in ADHD children, discriminant validity, and convergent validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fumeaux
- Service de neuropsychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Cabinet de Pédopsychiatrie et de Neuropsychologie, enfants et adolescents / Dr P. FUMEAUX & S. COUSIN, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Roche
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Iwaz
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Stéphan
- Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Revol
- Service de neuropsychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Fumeaux P, Roche S, Mercier C, Iwaz J, Bader M, Stéphan P, Écochard R, Revol O. Validation of the French Version of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Short Version (CPRS-R:S): Scale Measurement Invariance by Sex and Age. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1693-1700. [PMID: 29584532 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717696767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: ADHD is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition to clinical assessment, its diagnosis requires the use of validated and reliable behavior questionnaires such as the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R:S). Though various French versions of the CPRS-R:S have been already put to use in clinical practice and research, only a few have undergone a stringent validation process. After a previous validation of the factorial structure of Lausanne French version, we sought here for the analysis of its invariance across sex and age. Method: This validation step was carried out in a rather homogeneous French population of 365 boys and 374 girls from a single school. Two-age classes were considered: children (boys and girls) aged 9 to 11 years (n = 258) and adolescents aged 12 to 15 years (n = 481). Results: Regarding age, dimension Oppositional showed a strong invariance whereas dimensions Hyperactivity and Cognitive problems/Inattention showed a partially strong invariance. Regarding sex, dimensions Oppositional and Hyperactivity showed a partially strong invariance whereas dimension Cognitive problems/Inattention showed a partially weak invariance. The distribution of the CPRS-R:S scores is given by sex and age class. Conclusion: The Lausanne French version of the CPRS-R:S, already validated regarding its factorial structure, internal consistency, and reliability, is here validated regarding its invariance across sex and age. Caution should be taken in using dimension Cognitive problems/Inattention in comparisons between boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fumeaux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Bron, France.,Cabinet de Pédopsychiatrie et Neuropsychologie, enfants et adolescents / Dr P. FUMEAUX & S. COUSIN, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Roche
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Iwaz
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Bader
- Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Stéphan
- Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Écochard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Revol
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Bron, France
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Takahashi F, Ishizu K, Matsubara K, Ohtsuki T, Shimoda Y. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a school-based group intervention for adolescents: An open-label trial. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Marín-Méndez JJ, Borra-Ruiz MC, Álvarez-Gómez MJ, McGoey KE, Soutullo C. Normative ADHD-RS-Preschool Data in a Community Sample in Spain. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:615-623. [PMID: 26838554 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715625300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to obtain normalized data from the ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Preschool Version (ADHD-RS-IV-P) in a Spanish sample. METHOD We translated and adapted the ADHD-RS-IV to our culture to obtain normalized data from a random representative sample of 1,426 Spanish preschool children (3 to <7 years old; 49.7% males). To analyze differences between evaluators, we used MANOVA. Internal consistency was assessed via Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS The mean age was 4.7 years old. There was a significant sex effect. The questionnaire had an internal consistency between .86 and .96 according to subscale and evaluator. CONCLUSION To evaluate ADHD in preschool children, it is necessary to use scores standardized by sex. Using a validated scale in schools and primary care centers may be useful for early detection of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Jesús Marín-Méndez
- 1 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Kara E McGoey
- 4 School of Psychology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - César Soutullo
- 1 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
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Mesrobian SK, Villa AEP, Bader M, Götte L, Lintas A. Event-Related Potentials during a Gambling Task in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:79. [PMID: 29535621 PMCID: PMC5835343 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by deficits in executive functions and decision making during childhood and adolescence. Contradictory results exist whether altered event-related potentials (ERPs) in adults are associated with the tendency of ADHD patients toward risky behavior. Clinically diagnosed ADHD patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 18), aged between 18 and 29 (median 22 Yo), were screened with the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales and assessed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, and by the 60-item HEXACO Personality Inventory. The characteristic personality traits of ADHD patients were the high level of impulsiveness associated with lower values of agreeableness. All participants performed a probability gambling task (PGT) with two frequencies of the feedback information of the outcome. For each trial, ERPs were triggered by the self-paced trial onset and by the gamble selection. After trial onset, N2-P3a ERP component associated with the attentional load peaked earlier in the ADHD group than in controls. An N500 component related to the feedback frequency condition after trial onset and an N400-like component after gamble selection suggest a large affective stake of the decision making and an emphasized post-decisional evaluation of the choice made by the ADHD participants. By combining ERPs, related to the emotions associated with the feedback frequency condition, and behavioral analyses during completion of PGT, this study provides new findings on the neural dynamics that differentiate controls and young ADHD adults. In the patients' group, we raise the hypothesis that the activity of frontocentral and centroparietal neural circuits drive the decision-making processes dictated by an impaired cognitive workload followed by the build-up of large emotional feelings generated by the conflict toward the outcome of the gambling choice. Our results can be used for new investigations aimed at studying the fine spatiotemporal distribution of cortical activity, and the neural circuits that underly the generation of that activity, associated with the behavioral deficits characteristic of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Mesrobian
- Neuroheuristic Research Group, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro E. P. Villa
- Neuroheuristic Research Group, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LABEX, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Bader
- Research Unit of the University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (SUPEA), CHUV University Hospital and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Götte
- Institute for Applied Microeconomics and Bonn Graduate School of Economics of the University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandra Lintas
- Neuroheuristic Research Group, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LABEX, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Olivier E, Archambault I. Hyperactivity, inattention, and student engagement: The protective role of relationships with teachers and peers. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Pihet S, De Ridder J, Suter M. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Goes to Jail. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) involves the repeated collection of data in everyday life. This method has helped uncover underlying mechanisms in several mental disorders. EMA studies are still scarce in adolescent patients and particularly incarcerated juvenile offenders (IJO), possibly due to their frequent rule-breaking and high impulsivity. This study evaluated the feasibility and reliability of EMA in IJO. One hundred three antisocial adolescents (mean age 14.8, 78% boys, including 52 IJO and 51 institutionalized antisocial adolescents, IAA) answered four times a day during 8 days questions about their antisocial behavior, negative affect, impulsivity, and fear of punishment, on a handheld computer. Staff members also regularly reported on each participant’s antisocial behavior. This first application of EMA in IJO overall supported its feasibility, with an excellent participation rate (95%) and a good compliance in completers (84%). About one-third of IJO participants dropped out, with no evidence of sampling bias across a wide range of indicators, while 96% of IAA completed EMA. No reactivity or lack of objectivity was observed. One- to two-thirds of the variance was within-person and reliability was acceptable to good. EMA can thus be reliably used in IJO to study the dynamics of daily antisocial behavior as it naturally unfolds in its context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Pihet
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, School of Nursing, Fribourg, Switzerland
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Switzerland
| | - Jill De Ridder
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, School of Nursing, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maya Suter
- University of Lausanne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Predictive validity of parent- and self-rated ADHD symptoms in adolescence on adverse socioeconomic and health outcomes. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:857-867. [PMID: 28185096 PMCID: PMC5489641 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is scarcity of research investigating the validity of self-report of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms compared to other informants, such as parents. This study aimed to compare the predictive associations of ADHD symptoms rated by parents and their children across adolescence on a range of adverse socioeconomic and health outcomes in early adulthood. Parent- and self-rated ADHD symptoms were assessed in 2960 individuals in early (13-14 years) and late adolescence (16-17 years). Logistic regression analyses were used to compare the associations between parent- and self-rated ADHD symptoms at both time points and adverse life outcomes in young adulthood obtained from Swedish national registries. Both parent- and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms were associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, although associations of parent-ratings were more often statistically significant and were generally stronger (OR = 1.12-1.49, p < 0.05) than self-ratings (OR = 1.07-1.17, p < 0.05). After controlling for the other informant, parent-ratings of ADHD symptoms in both early and late adolescence significantly predicted academic and occupational failure, criminal convictions and traffic-related injuries, while self-ratings of ADHD symptoms only in late adolescence predicted substance use disorder and academic failure. Our findings suggest that both parent- and self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in adolescence provides valuable information on risk of future adverse socioeconomic and health outcomes, however, self-ratings are not valuable once parent-ratings have been taken into account in predicting most outcomes. Thus, clinicians and researchers should prioritize parent-ratings over self-ratings.
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Du Rietz E, Cheung CHM, McLoughlin G, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Self-report of ADHD shows limited agreement with objective markers of persistence and remittance. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:91-9. [PMID: 27478936 PMCID: PMC5036506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A controversial issue is whether self-report of symptoms and impairment is sufficient for diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and adults in the absence of other informants, such as parents. The present study investigated how well self-report is reflected by cognitive-neurophysiological and actigraph measures, which we have previously shown to discriminate between ADHD persisters, remitters and controls using parent-report (Cheung et al., 2015; Brit J Psychiat http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.145185). METHOD Parent- and self-reported ADHD symptoms and impairment, together with cognitive, electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency, event-related potential (ERP) and actigraph measures were obtained from 108 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD and 167 controls. RESULTS Participants reported lower levels of ADHD symptoms and impairments than parents (p < 0.05) and the ADHD persistence rate based on self-report was low at 44%, compared to the persistence rate of 79% previously reported based on parent-report. Regression analyses showed that the objective measures distinguished poorly between ADHD persistent and remittent groups based on self-report, in contrast to findings based on parent-report (Cheung et al., 2015), although the measures differentiated well between ADHD persisters and controls. Correlation analyses revealed that self-reported impairment significantly correlated with fewer of the objective measures, despite parent- and self-reported symptoms showing similar correlations with the measures. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that self-reported ADHD outcome is not as well reflected by cognitive-neurophysiological and movement correlates as we previously found for parent-reported ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Du Rietz
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Celeste H M Cheung
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Torrington Square, London WC1E 7JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Y17 H03, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
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Hartman CA, Geurts HM, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Rommelse NNJ. Changing ASD-ADHD symptom co-occurrence across the lifespan with adolescence as crucial time window: Illustrating the need to go beyond childhood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:529-541. [PMID: 27629802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Literature on the co-occurrence between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is strongly biased by a focus on childhood age. A review of the adolescent and adult literature was made on core and related symptoms of ADHD and ASD. In addition, an empirical approach was used including 17,173 ASD-ADHD symptom ratings from participants aged 0 to 84 years. Results indicate that ASD/ADHD constellations peak during adolescence and are lower in early childhood and old age. We hypothesize that on the border of the expected transition to independent adulthood, ASD and ADHD co-occur most because social adaptation and EF skills matter most. Lower correlations in childhood and older age may be due to more diffuse symptoms reflecting respectively still differentiating and de-differentiating EF functions. We plea for a strong research focus in adolescence which may -after early childhood- be a second crucial time window for catching-up pattern explaining more optimal outcomes. We discuss obstacles and oppportunities of a full lifespan approach into old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE) & Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde M Geurts
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition, d'Arc, & Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Autism Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda N J Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Fumeaux P, Mercier C, Roche S, Iwaz J, Bader M, Stéphan P, Ecochard R, Revol O. Validation of the French Version of Conners' Parent Rating Scale Revised, Short Version: Factorial Structure and Reliability. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:236-42. [PMID: 27254416 PMCID: PMC4794960 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716635549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders. Its diagnosis requires reference questionnaires such as the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Presently, in French-speaking countries, a few translations of the revised short CPRS have been put to use without previous formal validation. We sought here for the validation of a French version (Lausanne, Switzerland) of the revised short CPRS regarding construct validity, internal consistency, and item reliability in a sample of French schoolchildren. METHOD The study involved 795 children and adolescents aged 9 to 19 years from a single school. The factorial structure and item reliability were assessed with a confirmatory factor analysis for ordered categorical variables. The dimension internal consistency was assessed with Guttman's lambda 6 coefficient. RESULTS The results confirmed the original and strong 3-dimensional factorial structure (Oppositional, Cognitive Problems/Inattention, and Hyperactivity), showed satisfactory item reliability, and indicated a good dimension internal consistency (Guttman's lambda 6 coefficient: 0.87, 0.90, and 0.82, respectively, to the 3 dimensions). CONCLUSIONS Thus, the Lausanne French version of the revised short CPRS may be considered validated regarding construct validity and item and dimension reliability; it can be now more confidently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fumeaux
- Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA), Département de Psychiatrie (DP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Roche
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Iwaz
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Bader
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA), Département de Psychiatrie (DP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Stéphan
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA), Département de Psychiatrie (DP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Ecochard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Revol
- Service de Neuropsychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Wan Salwina WI, Baharudin A, Nik Ruzyanei NJ, Midin M, Rahman FNA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms reporting in Malaysian adolescents: do adolescents, parents and teachers agree with each other? Asian J Psychiatr 2013; 6:483-7. [PMID: 24309858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a clinical diagnosis relying on persistence of symptoms across different settings. Information are gathered from different informants including adolescents, parents and teachers. In this cross-sectional study involving 410 twelve-year old adolescents, 37 teachers and 367 parents from seven schools in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, reliability of ADHD symptoms among the various informants were reported. ADHD symptoms (i.e. predominantly hyperactive, predominantly inattentive and combined symptoms) were assessed by adolescents, teachers and parents, using Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-report Scale (CASS), Conner's Teachers Rating Scale (CTRS) and Conner's Parents Rating Scale (CPRS) respectively. For predominantly hyperactive symptoms, there were statistically significant, weak positive correlations between parents and teachers reporting (r=0.241, p<0.01). Statistically significant, weak positive correlations were found between adolescents and parents for predominantly inattentive symptoms (r=0.283, p<0.01). Correlations between adolescents and parents reporting were statistically significant but weak (r=0.294, p<0.01). Weak correlations exist between the different informants reporting ADHD symptoms among Malaysian adolescents. While multiple informant ratings are required to facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD, effort should be taken to minimize the disagreement in reporting and better utilize the information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ismail Wan Salwina
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Kaner S. ADHD symptoms in national samples of Turkish adolescents: parent, and teacher reports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gumy C, Huissoud T, Dubois-Arber F. Prevalence of methylphenidate prescription among school-aged children in a Swiss population: increase in the number of prescriptions in the Swiss Canton of Vaud, from 2002 to 2005, and changes in patient demographics. J Atten Disord 2010; 14:267-72. [PMID: 20484708 DOI: 10.1177/1087054709356386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylphenidate is prescribed for children and adolescents to treat ADHD. As in many Western countries, the increase in methylphenidate consumption is a public concern in Switzerland. The article discusses the authors' assessment of prescription prevalence in 2002 and 2005 for school-aged children in the canton of Vaud. METHOD Pharmacy prescription information is available from the regional public health authority. Descriptive analyses are conducted on an anonymized database of the years 2002 and 2005. Data for each year are compared to assess trends in methylphenidate prescription prevalence. RESULTS The findings show an increase from 0.74% to 1.02% in the number of prescriptions for 5- to 14-year-old children, particularly in prescriptions for girls. Data also show important geographical differences in prescription. CONCLUSION The prevalence of methylphenidate prescription is lower in Switzerland than other Western countries, particularly the United States. However, some aspects of prevalence are similar, including the increase per year, demographics, and geographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Gumy
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Re AM, Cornoldi C. Two new rating scales for assessment of ADHD symptoms in italian preschool children: a comparison between parent and teacher ratings. J Atten Disord 2009; 12:532-9. [PMID: 18725657 DOI: 10.1177/1087054708323001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two new rating scales are presented for the assessment of ADHD symptoms in Italian preschool children, and the agreement between parents and teachers on the presence of an ADHD profile is examined. METHOD The scales were administered to parents and teachers of 180 children with a mean age of 5 years and 9 months, attending final year of the Italian preschool system (kindergarten). RESULTS Despite the good psychometric properties of the scales, parent and teacher agreement was poor and parents endorsed more symptomatic behaviors in their children than the teachers, especially for the hyperactive dimension, although they did not necessarily associate these with the presence of a potential problem. CONCLUSIONS The low correspondence between teachers and parents shows that ADHD rating scales, although useful screening instruments, are not sufficient for diagnosis and must be combined with other tools.
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Soma Y, Nakamura K, Oyama M, Tsuchiya Y, Yamamoto M. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in preschool children: discrepancy between parent and teacher evaluations. Environ Health Prev Med 2009; 14:150-4. [PMID: 19568859 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-008-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clarifying the characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood is important for the prevention and management of this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in Japanese preschool children based on evaluations performed by parents or teachers. METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate the estimated prevalence of ADHD symptoms in preschool children in Niigata City, Japan. The first survey, conducted in 2003, involved an evaluation of ADHD symptoms by their school teachers. The second survey, conducted in 2006, involved an evaluation of the symptoms by parents. The teacher survey included 9,956 children, and the parent survey included 7,566 children. Parents and teachers assessed ADHD symptoms in children using a 14-item questionnaire based on DSM-III-R. Children with a score of 8 or higher were classified as having ADHD symptoms. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ADHD symptoms was 2,349/7,566 (31.1%) in the parent survey and 431/9,956 (4.3%) in the teacher survey, with a prevalence ratio of 7.2 (95% CI: 6.5-7.9). Likelihood ratio test indicated that variables significantly associated with the presence of ADHD symptoms were gender, age, school type, interaction between gender and observer, and interaction between school type and observer (each with P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The large difference between the estimated prevalence of ADHD symptoms in Japanese preschool children from teacher and parent surveys suggests that compared to teachers, parents consider their children's symptoms much more serious. Thus, parental evaluation of ADHD symptoms using DSM criteria may be inappropriate for ADHD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Soma
- Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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