1
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Chemical tools for epichaperome-mediated interactome dysfunctions of the central nervous system. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4669. [PMID: 34344873 PMCID: PMC8333062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases are a manifestation of how thousands of proteins interact. In several diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, proteome-wide disturbances in protein-protein interactions are caused by alterations to chaperome scaffolds termed epichaperomes. Epichaperome-directed chemical probes may be useful for detecting and reversing defective chaperomes. Here we provide structural, biochemical, and functional insights into the discovery of epichaperome probes, with a focus on their use in central nervous system diseases. We demonstrate on-target activity and kinetic selectivity of a radiolabeled epichaperome probe in both cells and mice, together with a proof-of-principle in human patients in an exploratory single group assignment diagnostic study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03371420). The clinical study is designed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and the incidence of adverse events in patients receiving a single microdose of the radiolabeled probe administered by intravenous injection. In sum, we introduce a discovery platform for brain-directed chemical probes that specifically modulate epichaperomes and provide proof-of-principle applications in their use in the detection, quantification, and modulation of the target in complex biological systems. Here, the authors show structural, biochemical, and functional insights into the discovery of epichaperome‐ directed chemical probes for use in central nervous system diseases. Probes emerging from this work have translated to human clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease and cancer.
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2
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Banerjee M, Hatial I, Keegan BM, Blagg BSJ. Assay design and development strategies for finding Hsp90 inhibitors and their role in human diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107747. [PMID: 33245994 PMCID: PMC8744950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that facilitates the maturation of its client proteins including protein kinases, transcription factors, and steroid hormone receptors which are structurally and functionally diverse. These client proteins are involved in various cellular signaling pathways, and Hsp90 is implicated in various human diseases including cancer, inflammation, and diseases associated with protein misfolding; thus making Hsp90 a promising target for drug discovery. Some of its client proteins are well-known cancer targets. Instead of targeting these client proteins individually, however, targeting Hsp90 is more practical for cancer drug development. Efforts have been invested in recognizing potential drugs for clinical use that inhibit Hsp90 activity and result in the prevention of Hsp90 client maturation and dampening of subsequent signaling cascades. Here, we discuss current assays and technologies used to find and characterize Hsp90 inhibitors that include biophysical, biochemical, cell-based assays and computational modeling. This review highlights recent discoveries that N-terminal isoform-selective compounds and inhibitors that target the Hsp90 C-terminus that may offer the potential to overcome some of the detriments observed with pan Hsp90 inhibitors. The tools and assays summarized in this review should be used to develop Hsp90-targeting drugs with high specificity, potency, and drug-like properties that may prove immensely useful in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA
| | - Ishita Hatial
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA
| | - Bradley M Keegan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, 305 McCourtney Hall, University of Norte Dame, Norte Dame, IN 46656, USA.
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3
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Zhou W, Sun G, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Xu L, Yuan H, Li S, Dong Z, Song Y, Fang X. Proteasome-Independent Protein Knockdown by Small-Molecule Inhibitor for the Undruggable Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18492-18499. [PMID: 31657561 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic target identification and corresponding drug development is a demanding task for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, especially the most malignant proximal-proliferative subtype without druggable protein kinase mutations. Using a cell-SELEX-generated aptamer, we discovered a new tumor driver protein, leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC), which is specifically overexpressed in the most lethal subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Targeted LRPPRC protein knockdown is a promising therapeutic strategy for the undruggable LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma). Nevertheless, LRPPRC is mainly located in mitochondria and degraded by protease. Current protein knockdown approaches, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have limitations in their applications to the proteins degraded through proteasome-independent ways. Here, we designed an aptamer-assisted high-throughput method to screen small molecules that could bind to LRPPRC directly, disrupt the interaction of LRPPRC with its stabilizing chaperon protein, and lead to LRPPRC degradation by mitochondrial protease. The screened compound, gossypolacetic acid (GAA), is an old medicine that can accomplish the new function for targeted LRPPRC knockdown. It showed significant antitumor effects even with the LRPPRC-positive patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model. This work not only extended the application of aptamers to screen small-molecule inhibitors for the undruggable lung cancers, but more importantly provided a new strategy to develop protein knockdown methods beyond the proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guogui Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology , North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated People's Hospital , Tangshan 063000 , China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100021 , China
| | - Shumu Li
- Graduate School , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100021 , China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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4
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Marlowe T, Alvarado C, Rivera A, Lenzo F, Nott R, Bondugji D, Montoya J, Hurley A, Kaplan M, Capaldi A, Cance W. Development of a High-Throughput Fluorescence Polarization Assay to Detect Inhibitors of the FAK-Paxillin Interaction. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:21-32. [PMID: 31513463 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219874313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a promising cancer drug target due to its massive overexpression in multiple solid tumors and its critical role in the integration of signals that control proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and metastasis. Previous FAK drug discovery and high-throughput screening have exclusively focused on the identification of inhibitors that target the kinase domain of FAK. Because FAK is both a kinase and scaffolding protein, the development of novel screening assays that detect inhibitors of FAK protein-protein interactions remains a critical need. In this report, we describe the development of a high-throughput fluorescence polarization (FP) screening assay that measures the interactions between FAK and paxillin, a focal adhesion-associated protein. We designed a tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-tagged paxillin peptide based on the paxillin LD2 motif that binds to the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain with significant dynamic range, specificity, variability, stability, and a Z'-factor suitable for high-throughput screening. In addition, we performed a pilot screen of 1593 compounds using this FP assay, showing its feasibility for high-throughput drug screening. Finally, we identified three compounds that show dose-dependent competition of FAT-paxillin binding. This assay represents the first described high-throughput screening assay for FAK scaffold inhibitors and can accelerate drug discovery efforts for this promising drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Marlowe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Molecular Discovery Core, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Andrew Rivera
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Molecular Discovery Core, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Felicia Lenzo
- Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rohini Nott
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dena Bondugji
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Justin Montoya
- Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alana Hurley
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matt Kaplan
- Functional Genomics Core, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Capaldi
- Functional Genomics Core, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - William Cance
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
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5
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GO-amplified fluorescence polarization assay for high-sensitivity detection of aflatoxin B 1 with low dosage aptamer probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1107-1115. [PMID: 30612175 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin of the aflatoxins (AFs) and shows carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects in humans and animals. AFB1 is widely seen in cereal products such as rice and wheat. This research proposed a low-cost, high-sensitivity fluorescence polarization (FP) assay for detection of AFB1 using aptamer biosensors based on graphene oxide (GO). The aptamers labelled with fluorescein amidite (FAM) were adsorbed on the surface of GO through π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction, thus forming aptamer/GO macromolecular complexes. Under these conditions, the local rotation of fluorophores was limited and the system had a high FP value. When there was AFB1 in the system, aptamers were dissociated from the GO surface and combined with AFB1 owing to their specificity to form aptamer/AFB1 complexes. As a result, large changes were observed in the molecular weights of aptamers before, and after, the combination, therefore leading to the apparent changes in FP value. The results showed that when only 10 nM of aptamer was used, the changes in FP and the AFB1 concentration had a favourable linear relationship within 0.05 to 5 nM of AFB1, and the lowest detection limit (LOD) was 0.05 nM. In addition, the recoveries of rice sample extract ranged from 89.2% to 112%. The method is simple, highly sensitive, cost-efficient and shows potential application prospects.
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6
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Vincent J, Adura C, Gao P, Luz A, Lama L, Asano Y, Okamoto R, Imaeda T, Aida J, Rothamel K, Gogakos T, Steinberg J, Reasoner S, Aso K, Tuschl T, Patel DJ, Glickman JF, Ascano M. Small molecule inhibition of cGAS reduces interferon expression in primary macrophages from autoimmune mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:750. [PMID: 28963528 PMCID: PMC5622107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is essential for innate immunity against infection and cellular damage, serving as a sensor of DNA from pathogens or mislocalized self-DNA. Upon binding double-stranded DNA, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase synthesizes a cyclic dinucleotide that initiates an inflammatory cellular response. Mouse studies that recapitulate causative mutations in the autoimmune disease Aicardi-Goutières syndrome demonstrate that ablating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase gene abolishes the deleterious phenotype. Here, we report the discovery of a class of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase inhibitors identified by a high-throughput screen. These compounds possess defined structure-activity relationships and we present crystal structures of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, double-stranded DNA, and inhibitors within the enzymatic active site. We find that a chemically improved member, RU.521, is active and selective in cellular assays of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-mediated signaling and reduces constitutive expression of interferon in macrophages from a mouse model of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. RU.521 will be useful toward understanding the biological roles of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and can serve as a molecular scaffold for development of future autoimmune therapies.Upon DNA binding cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) produces a cyclic dinucleotide, which leads to the upregulation of inflammatory genes. Here the authors develop small molecule cGAS inhibitors, functionally characterize them and present the inhibitor and DNA bound cGAS crystal structures, which will facilitate drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vincent
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37027, USA
| | | | - Pu Gao
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Antonio Luz
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Lodoe Lama
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yasutomi Asano
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rei Okamoto
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Toshihiro Imaeda
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jumpei Aida
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | | | - Tasos Gogakos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Steinberg
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Seth Reasoner
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37027, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | | | - Manuel Ascano
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37027, USA.
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7
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Gu L, Zhang H, Liu T, Zhou S, Du Y, Xiong J, Yi S, Qu CK, Fu H, Zhou M. Discovery of Dual Inhibitors of MDM2 and XIAP for Cancer Treatment. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:623-636. [PMID: 27666947 PMCID: PMC5079537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MDM2 and XIAP are mutually regulated. Binding of MDM2 RING protein to the IRES region on XIAP mRNA results in MDM2 protein stabilization and enhanced XIAP translation. In this study, we developed a protein-RNA fluorescence polarization (FP) assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) of chemical libraries. Our FP-HTS identified eight inhibitors that blocked the MDM2 protein-XIAP RNA interaction, leading to MDM2 degradation. The compound-induced MDM2 downregulation resulted not only in inhibition of XIAP expression, but also in activation of p53, which contributed to cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vivo. Importantly, one of the MDM2/XIAP inhibitors, MX69, showed minimal inhibitory effect on normal human hematopoiesis in vitro and was very well tolerated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubing Gu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Xiong
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sha Yi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Muxiang Zhou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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8
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Mohammad RM, Muqbil I, Lowe L, Yedjou C, Hsu HY, Lin LT, Siegelin MD, Fimognari C, Kumar NB, Dou QP, Yang H, Samadi AK, Russo GL, Spagnuolo C, Ray SK, Chakrabarti M, Morre JD, Coley HM, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Helferich WG, Yang X, Boosani CS, Guha G, Bhakta D, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Bilsland A, Halicka D, Nowsheen S, Azmi AS. Broad targeting of resistance to apoptosis in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S78-S103. [PMID: 25936818 PMCID: PMC4720504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is natural way of removing aged cells from the body. Most of the anti-cancer therapies trigger apoptosis induction and related cell death networks to eliminate malignant cells. However, in cancer, de-regulated apoptotic signaling, particularly the activation of an anti-apoptotic systems, allows cancer cells to escape this program leading to uncontrolled proliferation resulting in tumor survival, therapeutic resistance and recurrence of cancer. This resistance is a complicated phenomenon that emanates from the interactions of various molecules and signaling pathways. In this comprehensive review we discuss the various factors contributing to apoptosis resistance in cancers. The key resistance targets that are discussed include (1) Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins; (2) autophagy processes; (3) necrosis and necroptosis; (4) heat shock protein signaling; (5) the proteasome pathway; (6) epigenetic mechanisms; and (7) aberrant nuclear export signaling. The shortcomings of current therapeutic modalities are highlighted and a broad spectrum strategy using approaches including (a) gossypol; (b) epigallocatechin-3-gallate; (c) UMI-77 (d) triptolide and (e) selinexor that can be used to overcome cell death resistance is presented. This review provides a roadmap for the design of successful anti-cancer strategies that overcome resistance to apoptosis for better therapeutic outcome in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Interim translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clement Yedjou
- C-SET, [Jackson, #229] State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Markus David Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Moffit Cancer Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit MI, United States
| | - Huanjie Yang
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James D Morre
- Mor-NuCo, Inc, Purdue Research Park, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Helen M Coley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
| | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine Creighton University, Omaha NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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9
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Anighoro A, Stumpfe D, Heikamp K, Beebe K, Neckers LM, Bajorath J, Rastelli G. Computational polypharmacology analysis of the heat shock protein 90 interactome. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:676-86. [PMID: 25686391 DOI: 10.1021/ci5006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The design of a single drug molecule that is able to simultaneously and specifically interact with multiple biological targets is gaining major consideration in drug discovery. However, the rational design of drugs with a desired polypharmacology profile is still a challenging task, especially when these targets are distantly related or unrelated. In this work, we present a computational approach aimed at the identification of suitable target combinations for multitarget drug design within an ensemble of biologically relevant proteins. The target selection relies on the analysis of activity annotations present in molecular databases and on ligand-based virtual screening. A few target combinations were also inspected with structure-based methods to demonstrate that the identified dual-activity compounds are able to bind target combinations characterized by remote binding site similarities. Our approach was applied to the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) interactome, which contains several targets of key importance in cancer. Promising target combinations were identified, providing a basis for the computational design of compounds with dual activity. The approach may be used on any ensemble of proteins of interest for which known inhibitors are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Anighoro
- †Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Dagmar Stumpfe
- ‡Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heikamp
- ‡Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristin Beebe
- §Urological Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- §Urological Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- ‡Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- †Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
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10
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Dutton BL, Kitson RRA, Parry-Morris S, Roe SM, Prodromou C, Moody CJ. Synthesis of macrolactam analogues of radicicol and their binding to heat shock protein Hsp90. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1328-40. [PMID: 24435512 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of macrolactam analogues of the naturally occurring resorcylic acid lactone radicicol have been synthesised from methyl orsellinate in 7 steps, involving chlorination, protection of the two phenolic groups, and hydrolysis to the benzoic acid. Formation of the dianion and quenching with a Weinreb amide results in acylation of the toluene methyl group that is followed by amide formation and ring closing metathesis to form the macrocyclic lactam. Final deprotection of the phenolic groups gives the desired macrolactams whose binding to the N-terminal domain of yeast Hsp90 was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and protein X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie L Dutton
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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11
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Cheow LF, Viswanathan R, Chin CS, Jennifer N, Jones RC, Guccione E, Quake SR, Burkholder WF. Multiplexed Analysis of Protein–Ligand Interactions by Fluorescence Anisotropy in a Microfluidic Platform. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9901-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lih Feng Cheow
- Microfluidics
Systems Biology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
| | - Ramya Viswanathan
- Microfluidics
Systems Biology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
| | - Chee-Sing Chin
- Fluidigm Corporation, Research and Development, 534413, Singapore
| | - Nancy Jennifer
- Methyltransferases
in Development and Disease, IMCB, A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
| | - Robert C. Jones
- Fluidigm Corporation, Research and Development, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Methyltransferases
in Development and Disease, IMCB, A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Microfluidics
Systems Biology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
- Department
of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - William F. Burkholder
- Microfluidics
Systems Biology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
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12
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Potential C-terminal-domain inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 derived from a C-terminal peptide helix. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3989-93. [PMID: 24984936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone implicated in many diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Most inhibitors target the ATPase site in Hsp90's N-terminal domain, with relatively few inhibitors of other domains reported to date. Here, we show that peptides derived from a short helix at the C-terminus of Hsp90 show micromolar activity as Hsp90 inhibitors in vitro. These inhibitors do not block the N-terminal domain's ATP-binding site, and thus are likely to bind at the C-terminal domain. Substitutions and helix stapling were applied to demonstrate structure-activity relationships and improve activity. These helical peptides will help guide the design of a new class of inhibitors of Hsp90's C-terminal domain.
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13
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Abstract
Trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma species which affect both human and animal populations and pose a major threat to developing countries. The incidence of animal trypanosomiasis is on the rise. Surra is a type of animal trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, and has been included in priority list B of significant diseases by the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE). Control of surra has been a challenge due to the lack of effective drugs and vaccines and emergence of resistance towards existing drugs. Our laboratory has previously implicated Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) from protozoan parasites as a potential drug target and successfully demonstrated efficacy of an Hsp90 inhibitor in cell culture as well as a pre-clinical mouse model of trypanosomiasis. This article explores the role of Hsp90 in the Trypanosoma life cycle and its potential as a drug target. It appears plausible that the repertoire of Hsp90 inhibitors available in academia and industry may have value for treatment of surra and other animal trypanosomiasis.
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14
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Schax E, Walter JG, Märzhäuser H, Stahl F, Scheper T, Agard DA, Eichner S, Kirschning A, Zeilinger C. Microarray-based screening of heat shock protein inhibitors. J Biotechnol 2014; 180:1-9. [PMID: 24667540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on the importance of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease or malaria, inhibitors of these chaperons are needed. Today's state-of-the-art techniques to identify HSP inhibitors are performed in microplate format, requiring large amounts of proteins and potential inhibitors. In contrast, we have developed a miniaturized protein microarray-based assay to identify novel inhibitors, allowing analysis with 300 pmol of protein. The assay is based on competitive binding of fluorescence-labeled ATP and potential inhibitors to the ATP-binding site of HSP. Therefore, the developed microarray enables the parallel analysis of different ATP-binding proteins on a single microarray. We have demonstrated the possibility of multiplexing by immobilizing full-length human HSP90α and HtpG of Helicobacter pylori on microarrays. Fluorescence-labeled ATP was competed by novel geldanamycin/reblastatin derivatives with IC50 values in the range of 0.5 nM to 4 μM and Z(*)-factors between 0.60 and 0.96. Our results demonstrate the potential of a target-oriented multiplexed protein microarray to identify novel inhibitors for different members of the HSP90 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Schax
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Helene Märzhäuser
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - David A Agard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Simone Eichner
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Biophysik and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Kang Y, Taldone T, Patel HJ, Patel PD, Rodina A, Gozman A, Maharaj R, Clement CC, Patel MR, Brodsky JL, Young JC, Chiosis G. Heat shock protein 70 inhibitors. 1. 2,5'-thiodipyrimidine and 5-(phenylthio)pyrimidine acrylamides as irreversible binders to an allosteric site on heat shock protein 70. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1188-207. [PMID: 24548207 PMCID: PMC3983365 DOI: 10.1021/jm401551n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is
an important emerging cancer target
whose inhibition may affect multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways
and, moreover, result in significant cancer cell apoptosis. Despite
considerable interest from both academia and pharmaceutical companies
in the discovery and development of druglike Hsp70 inhibitors, little
success has been reported so far. Here we describe structure–activity
relationship studies in the first rationally designed Hsp70 inhibitor
class that binds to a novel allosteric pocket located in the N-terminal
domain of the protein. These 2,5′-thiodipyrimidine and 5-(phenylthio)pyrimidine
acrylamides take advantage of an active cysteine embedded in the allosteric
pocket to act as covalent protein modifiers upon binding. The study
identifies derivatives 17a and 20a, which
selectively bind to Hsp70 in cancer cells. Addition of high nanomolar
to low micromolar concentrations of these inhibitors to cancer cells
leads to a reduction in the steady-state levels of Hsp70-sheltered
oncoproteins, an effect associated with inhibition of cancer cell
growth and apoptosis. In summary, the described scaffolds represent
a viable starting point for the development of druglike Hsp70 inhibitors
as novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Kang
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10021, United States
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16
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Taldone T, Kang Y, Patel HJ, Patel MR, Patel PD, Rodina A, Patel Y, Gozman A, Maharaj R, Clement CC, Lu A, Young JC, Chiosis G. Heat shock protein 70 inhibitors. 2. 2,5'-thiodipyrimidines, 5-(phenylthio)pyrimidines, 2-(pyridin-3-ylthio)pyrimidines, and 3-(phenylthio)pyridines as reversible binders to an allosteric site on heat shock protein 70. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1208-24. [PMID: 24548239 PMCID: PMC3983364 DOI: 10.1021/jm401552y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
discovery and development of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)
inhibitors is currently a hot topic in cancer. In the preceding paper
in this issue (10.1021/jm401551n), we have
described structure–activity relationship studies in the first
Hsp70 inhibitor class rationally designed to bind to a novel allosteric
pocket located in the N-terminal domain of the protein. These ligands
contained an acrylamide to take advantage of an active cysteine embedded
in the allosteric pocket and acted as covalent protein modifiers upon
binding. Here, we perform chemical modifications around the irreversible
inhibitor scaffold to demonstrate that covalent modification is not
a requirement for activity within this class of compounds. The study
identifies derivative 27c, which mimics the biological
effects of the irreversible inhibitors at comparable concentrations.
Collectively, the back-to-back manuscripts describe the first pharmacophores
that favorably and selectively interact with a never explored pocket
in Hsp70 and provide a novel blueprint for a cancer-oriented development
of Hsp70-directed ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10021, United States
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17
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Gillan V, O'Neill K, Maitland K, Sverdrup FM, Devaney E. A repurposing strategy for Hsp90 inhibitors demonstrates their potency against filarial nematodes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2699. [PMID: 24551261 PMCID: PMC3923716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs are required for the elimination of infections caused by filarial worms, as most commonly used drugs largely target the microfilariae or first stage larvae of these infections. Previous studies, conducted in vitro, have shown that inhibition of Hsp90 kills adult Brugia pahangi. As numerous small molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 have been developed for use in cancer chemotherapy, we tested the activity of several novel Hsp90 inhibitors in a fluorescence polarization assay and against microfilariae and adult worms of Brugia in vitro. The results from all three assays correlated reasonably well and one particular compound, NVP-AUY922, was shown to be particularly active, inhibiting Mf output from female worms at concentrations as low as 5.0 nanomolar after 6 days exposure to drug. NVP-AUY922 was also active on adult worms after a short 24 h exposure to drug. Based on these in vitro data, NVP-AUY922 was tested in vivo in a mouse model and was shown to significantly reduce the recovery of both adult worms and microfilariae. These studies provide proof of principle that the repurposing of currently available Hsp90 inhibitors may have potential for the development of novel agents with macrofilaricidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gillan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry O'Neill
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Maitland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francis M. Sverdrup
- Center for World Health & Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Taldone T, Patel PD, Patel M, Patel HJ, Evans CE, Rodina A, Ochiana S, Shah SK, Uddin M, Gewirth D, Chiosis G. Experimental and structural testing module to analyze paralogue-specificity and affinity in the Hsp90 inhibitors series. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6803-18. [PMID: 23965125 DOI: 10.1021/jm400619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We here describe the first reported comprehensive analysis of Hsp90 paralogue affinity and selectivity in the clinical Hsp90 inhibitor chemotypes. This has been possible through the development of a versatile experimental assay based on a new FP-probe (16a) that we both describe here. The assay can test rapidly and accurately the binding affinity of all major Hsp90 chemotypes and has a testing range that spans low nanomolar to millimolar binding affinities. We couple this assay with a computational analysis that allows for rationalization of paralogue selectivity and defines not only the major binding modes that relay pan-paralogue binding or, conversely, paralogue selectivity, but also identifies molecular characteristics that impart such features. The methods developed here provide a blueprint for parsing out the contribution of the four Hsp90 paralogues to the perceived biological activity with the current Hsp90 chemotypes and set the ground for the development of paralogue selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10021, United States
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19
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Zhang Q, Zhai S, Li L, Li X, Zhou H, Liu A, Su G, Mu Q, Du Y, Yan B. Anti-tumor selectivity of a novel Tubulin and HSP90 dual-targeting inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer models. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:351-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Kitson RRA, Moody CJ. Learning from nature: advances in geldanamycin- and radicicol-based inhibitors of Hsp90. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5117-41. [PMID: 23496136 DOI: 10.1021/jo4002849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been fundamental in the development of new therapeutic agents predicated on the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). This Perspective describes the influential role of the benzoquinone ansamycin geldanamycin and the resorcylic acid macrolactone radicicol not only in driving forward drug discovery programs but also in inspiring organic chemists to develop innovative methodology for the synthesis of natural products and analogues with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R A Kitson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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21
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Taldone T, Rodina A, DaGama Gomes EM, Riolo M, Patel HJ, Alonso-Sabadell R, Zatorska D, Patel MR, Kishinevsky S, Chiosis G. Synthesis and evaluation of cell-permeable biotinylated PU-H71 derivatives as tumor Hsp90 probes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:544-556. [PMID: 23616796 PMCID: PMC3628991 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The attachment of biotin to a small molecule provides a powerful tool in biology. Here, we present a systematic approach to identify biotinylated analogues of the Hsp90 inhibitor PU-H71 that are capable of permeating cell membranes so as to enable the investigation of Hsp90 complexes in live cells. The identified derivative 2g can isolate Hsp90 through affinity purification and, as we show, represents a unique and useful tool to probe tumor Hsp90 biology in live cells by affinity capture, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. To our knowledge, 2g is the only reported biotinylated Hsp90 probe to have such combined characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erica M DaGama Gomes
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Riolo
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hardik J Patel
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raul Alonso-Sabadell
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Danuta Zatorska
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maulik R Patel
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Kishinevsky
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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22
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Bill MA, Nicholas C, Mace TA, Etter JP, Li C, Schwartz EB, Fuchs JR, Young GS, Lin L, Lin J, He L, Phelps M, Li PK, Lesinski GB. Structurally modified curcumin analogs inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and promote apoptosis of human renal cell carcinoma and melanoma cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40724. [PMID: 22899991 PMCID: PMC3416819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-2 (Jak2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway is critical for promoting an oncogenic and metastatic phenotype in several types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and melanoma. This study describes two small molecule inhibitors of the Jak2-STAT3 pathway, FLLL32 and its more soluble analog, FLLL62. These compounds are structurally distinct curcumin analogs that bind selectively to the SH2 domain of STAT3 to inhibit its phosphorylation and dimerization. We hypothesized that FLLL32 and FLLL62 would induce apoptosis in RCC and melanoma cells and display specificity for the Jak2-STAT3 pathway. FLLL32 and FLLL62 could inhibit STAT3 dimerization in vitro. These compounds reduced basal STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3), and induced apoptosis in four separate human RCC cell lines and in human melanoma cell lines as determined by Annexin V/PI staining. Apoptosis was also confirmed by immunoblot analysis of caspase-3 processing and PARP cleavage. Pre-treatment of RCC and melanoma cell lines with FLLL32/62 did not inhibit IFN-γ-induced pSTAT1. In contrast to FLLL32, curcumin and FLLL62 reduced downstream STAT1-mediated gene expression of IRF1 as determined by Real Time PCR. FLLL32 and FLLL62 significantly reduced secretion of VEGF from RCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner as determined by ELISA. Finally, each of these compounds inhibited in vitro generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These data support further investigation of FLLL32 and FLLL62 as lead compounds for STAT3 inhibition in RCC and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Bill
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Etter
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Schwartz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James R. Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Young
- Center for Biostatistics, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Li Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lei He
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mitch Phelps
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pui-Kai Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Qian J, Holskin BP, Theroff J, Underiner T, Meyer SL, Angeles TS. Improvement of inhibitor identification for heat shock protein 90α by utilizing a red-shifted fluorescence polarization probe. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 10:375-81. [PMID: 22428803 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2011.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein-90 (HSP90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone with intrinsic ATPase activity. HSP90 is required for the stability and function of client proteins, many of which are involved in oncogenesis. Thus, identification of HSP90 inhibitors would potentially lead to the discovery of cancer therapeutics. Here, we present a high-throughput screening campaign utilizing two geldanamycin (GM)-labeled probes in a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. For the primary screen, a previously reported green BODIPY-labeled GM (GM-BODIPY) was used to evaluate a library collection of about 400,000 compounds. From this screen, 3058 compounds showed >30% inhibition. To distinguish true positives from compound interference, a confirmatory screen was deemed necessary. Accordingly, a red-shifted FP binding assay was developed using GM labeled with red BODIPY. This tool enabled reliable identification of promising HSP90α inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- Lead Discovery and Profiling, Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, USA.
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24
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Allali-Hassani A, Wasney GA, Siarheyeva A, Hajian T, Arrowsmith CH, Vedadi M. Fluorescence-based methods for screening writers and readers of histone methyl marks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:71-84. [PMID: 21972038 DOI: 10.1177/1087057111422256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase (HMT) family of proteins consists of enzymes that methylate lysine or arginine residues on histone tails as well as other proteins. Such modifications affect chromatin structure and play a significant regulatory role in gene expression. Many HMTs have been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of multiple malignancies and play essential roles in embryonic development and stem cell renewal. Overexpression of some HMTs has been observed and is correlated positively with various types of cancer. Here the authors report development of a continuous fluorescence-based methyltransferase assay in a 384-well format and its application in determining kinetic parameters for EHMT1, G9a, PRMT3, SETD7, and SUV39H2 as well as for screening against libraries of small molecules to identify enzyme inhibitors. They also report the development of a peptide displacement assay using fluorescence polarization in a 384-well format to assay and screen protein peptide interactions such as those of WDR5 and EED, components of MLL and EZH2 methyltransferase complexes. Using these high-throughput screening methods, the authors have identified potent inhibitors and ligands for some of these proteins.
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25
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Walker RG, Thomson G, Malone K, Nowicki MW, Brown E, Blake DG, Turner NJ, Walkinshaw MD, Grant KM, Mottram JC. High throughput screens yield small molecule inhibitors of Leishmania CRK3:CYC6 cyclin-dependent kinase. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1033. [PMID: 21483720 PMCID: PMC3071374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania species are parasitic protozoa that have a tightly controlled cell cycle, regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cdc2-related kinase 3 (CRK3), an essential CDK in Leishmania and functional orthologue of human CDK1, can form an active protein kinase complex with Leishmania cyclins CYCA and CYC6. Here we describe the identification and synthesis of specific small molecule inhibitors of bacterially expressed Leishmania CRK3:CYC6 using a high throughput screening assay and iterative chemistry. We also describe the biological activity of the molecules against Leishmania parasites. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to obtain an active Leishmania CRK3:CYC6 protein kinase complex, we developed a co-expression and co-purification system for Leishmania CRK3 and CYC6 proteins. This active enzyme was used in a high throughput screening (HTS) platform, utilising an IMAP fluorescence polarisation assay. We carried out two chemical library screens and identified specific inhibitors of CRK3:CYC6 that were inactive against the human cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2:CycA. Subsequently, the best inhibitors were tested against 11 other mammalian protein kinases. Twelve of the most potent hits had an azapurine core with structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis identifying the functional groups on the 2 and 9 positions as essential for CRK3:CYC6 inhibition and specificity against CDK2:CycA. Iterative chemistry allowed synthesis of a number of azapurine derivatives with one, compound 17, demonstrating anti-parasitic activity against both promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major. Following the second HTS, 11 compounds with a thiazole core (active towards CRK3:CYC6 and inactive against CDK2:CycA) were tested. Ten of these hits demonstrated anti-parasitic activity against promastigote L. major. Conclusions/Significance The pharmacophores identified from the high throughput screens, and the derivatives synthesised, selectively target the parasite enzyme and represent compounds for future hit-to-lead synthesis programs to develop therapeutics against Leishmania species. Challenges remain in identifying specific CDK inhibitors with both target selectivity and potency against the parasite. CRK3, a cdc2-related serine/threonine protein kinase of the CDK family, is essential for transition through the G2-M phase checkpoint of the Leishmania cell cycle. An expression and purification system has been developed to produce active L. major CRK3 in complex with a cyclin partner, CYC6. CRK3:CYC6 was used to develop an assay suitable for high throughput screening (HTS) using IMAP fluorescence polarization technology. Two compound chemical libraries were screened against CRK3:CYC6 and counter screened against a human cyclin-dependent kinase complex CDK2:CycA. Two main chemical families of inhibitors were identified that specifically inhibited the leishmanial cyclin-dependent kinase, the azapurines and the thiazoles. Structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the hits identified the chemical groups attached to the azapurine scaffold that are essential for the inhibition of CRK3:CYC6 protein kinase activity. The CRK3:CYC6 hits were subsequently tested against a panel of 11 mammalian kinases including human CDK1:CYCB, human CDK2:CYCA and human CDK4:CYCD1 to determine their selectivity. Compounds selective to CRK3:CYC6 were tested against Leishmania. Progress towards synthesising potent and selective derivatives of the HTS hits are discussed, with the view to evaluating their potential for the development of novel therapeutics against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick G. Walker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kirk Malone
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew W. Nowicki
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Brown
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm D. Walkinshaw
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Grant
- School of Health & Medicine, Division of Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Patel HJ, Modi S, Chiosis G, Taldone T. Advances in the discovery and development of heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:559-587. [PMID: 22400044 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.563296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Over the last 15 - 20 years, targeted anticancer strategies have focused on therapies aimed at abrogating a single malignant protein. Agents that are directed towards the inhibition of a single oncoprotein have resulted in a number of useful drugs in the treatment of cancers (i.e., Gleevec, BCR-ABL; Tarceva and Iressa, EGFR). However, such a strategy relies on the notion that a cancer cell is dependent on a single signaling pathway for its survival. The possibility that a cancer cell may mutate or switch its dependence to another signaling pathway can result in the ineffectiveness of such agents. Recent advances in the biology of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have revealed intimate details into the complexity of the chaperoning process that Hsp90 is engaged in and, at the same time, have offered those involved in drug discovery several unique ways to interfere in this process. AREAS COVERED: This review provides the current understanding of the chaperone cycle of Hsp90 and presents the multifaceted approaches used by researchers in the discovery of potential Hsp90 drugs. It discusses the phenotypic outcomes in cancer cells on Hsp90 inhibition by these several approaches and also addresses several distinctions observed among direct Hsp90 ATP-pocket competitors providing commentary on the potential biological outcomes as well as the clinical relevance of such features. EXPERT OPINION: The significantly different phenotypic outcomes observed from Hsp90 inhibition by the many inhibitors developed suggest that the clinical development of Hsp90 inhibitors would be better served by careful consideration of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of individual candidates rather than a generic approach directed towards the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik J Patel
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, NY, USA
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27
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Taldone T, Zatorska D, Patel PD, Zong H, Rodina A, Ahn JH, Moulick K, Guzman ML, Chiosis G. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of small molecule Hsp90 probes. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2603-14. [PMID: 21459002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of compounds from different chemical classes are known to bind competitively to the ATP-pocket of Hsp90 and inhibit its chaperone function. The natural product geldanamycin was the first reported inhibitor of Hsp90 and since then synthetic inhibitors from purine, isoxazole and indazol-4-one chemical classes have been discovered and are currently or soon to be in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. In spite of a similar binding mode to Hsp90, distinct biological profiles were demonstrated among these molecules, both in vitro and in vivo. To better understand the molecular basis for these dissimilarities, we report here the synthesis of chemical tools for three Hsp90 inhibitor classes. These agents will be useful for probing tumor-by-tumor the Hsp90 complexes isolated by specific inhibitors. Such information will lead to better understanding of tumor specific molecular markers to aid in their clinical development. It will also help to elucidate the molecular basis for the biological differences observed among Hsp90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
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28
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Du Y, Nikolovska-Coleska Z, Qui M, Li L, Lewis I, Dingledine R, Stuckey JA, Krajewski K, Roller PP, Wang S, Fu H. A dual-readout F2 assay that combines fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence polarization for monitoring bimolecular interactions. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 9:382-93. [PMID: 21395401 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence polarization (FP) are widely used technologies for monitoring bimolecular interactions and have been extensively used in high-throughput screening (HTS) for probe and drug discovery. Despite their popularity in HTS, it has been recognized that different assay technologies may generate different hit lists for the same biochemical interaction. Due to the high cost of large-scale HTS campaigns, one has to make a critical choice to employee one assay platform for a particular HTS. Here we report the design and development of a dual-readout HTS assay that combines two assay technologies into one system using the Mcl-1 and Noxa BH3 peptide interaction as a model system. In this system, both FP and FRET signals were simultaneously monitored from one reaction, which is termed "Dual-Readout F(2) assay" with F(2) for FP and FRET. This dual-readout technology has been optimized in a 1,536-well ultra-HTS format for the discovery of Mcl-1 protein inhibitors and achieved a robust performance. This F(2) assay was further validated by screening a library of 102,255 compounds. As two assay platforms are utilized for the same target simultaneously, hit information is enriched without increasing the screening cost. This strategy can be generally extended to other FP-based assays and is expected to enrich primary HTS information and enhance the hit quality of HTS campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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29
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Ahn JH, Luo W, Kim J, Rodina A, Clement CC, Aguirre J, Sun W, Kang Y, Maharaj R, Moulick K, Zatorska D, Kokoszka M, Brodsky JL, Chiosis G. Design of a flexible cell-based assay for the evaluation of heat shock protein 70 expression modulators. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2010; 9:236-46. [PMID: 21133677 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a chaperone protein that helps protect against cellular stress, a function that may be co-opted to fight human diseases. In particular, the upregulation of Hsp70 can suppress the neurotoxicity of misfolded proteins, suggesting possible therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases. Alternatively, in cancer cells where high levels of Hsp70 inhibit both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, a reduction in Hsp70 levels may induce apoptosis. To evaluate and identify, in a single assay format, small molecules that induce or inhibit endogenous Hsp70, we have designed and optimized a microtiter assay that relies on whole-cell immunodetection of Hsp70. The assay utilizes a minimal number of neuronal or cancer cells, yet is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible to permit quantitative determinations. We further validated the assay using a panel of Hsp70 modulators. In conclusion, we have developed an assay that is fast, robust, and cost efficient. As such, it can be implemented in most research laboratories. The assay should greatly improve the speed at which novel Hsp70 inducers and inhibitors of expression can be identified and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Ahn
- Department of Medicine and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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30
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Vedadi M, Arrowsmith CH, Allali-Hassani A, Senisterra G, Wasney GA. Biophysical characterization of recombinant proteins: a key to higher structural genomics success. J Struct Biol 2010; 172:107-19. [PMID: 20466062 PMCID: PMC2954336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of genomes have been successfully sequenced to date, and the data are publicly available. At the same time, the advances in large-scale expression and purification of recombinant proteins have paved the way for structural genomics efforts. Frequently, however, little is known about newly expressed proteins calling for large-scale protein characterization to better understand their biochemical roles and to enable structure-function relationship studies. In the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), we have established a platform to characterize large numbers of purified proteins. This includes screening for ligands, enzyme assays, peptide arrays and peptide displacement in a 384-well format. In this review, we describe this platform in more detail and report on how our approach significantly increases the success rate for structure determination. Coupled with high-resolution X-ray crystallography and structure-guided methods, this platform can also be used toward the development of chemical probes through screening families of proteins against a variety of chemical series and focused chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Room 839, MaRS Center, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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31
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Taldone T, Gillan V, Sun W, Rodina A, Patel P, Maitland K, O'Neill K, Chiosis G, Devaney E. Assay strategies for the discovery and validation of therapeutics targeting Brugia pahangi Hsp90. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e714. [PMID: 20559560 PMCID: PMC2886105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapy of lymphatic filariasis relies upon drugs such as diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin that largely target the microfilarial stages of the parasite, necessitating continued treatment over the long reproductive life span of the adult worm. The identification of compounds that target adult worms has been a long-term goal of WHO. Here we describe a fluorescence polarization assay for the identification of compounds that target Hsp90 in adult filarial worms. The assay was originally developed to identify inhibitors of Hsp90 in tumor cells, and relies upon the ability of small molecules to inhibit the binding of fluorescently labelled geldanamycin to Hsp90. We demonstrate that the assay works well with soluble extracts of Brugia, while extracts of the free-living nematode C. elegans fail to bind the probe, in agreement with data from other experiments. The assay was validated using known inhibitors of Hsp90 that compete with geldanamycin for binding to Hsp90, including members of the synthetic purine-scaffold series of compounds. The efficacy of some of these compounds against adult worms was confirmed in vitro. Moreover, the assay is sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between binding of purine-scaffold compounds to human and Brugia Hsp90. The assay is suitable for high-throughput screening and provides the first example of a format with the potential to identify novel inhibitors of Hsp90 in filarial worms and in other parasitic species where Hsp90 may be a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Victoria Gillan
- Parasitology Group, Division of Veterinary Infection and Immunity, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Rodina
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pallav Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kirsty Maitland
- Parasitology Group, Division of Veterinary Infection and Immunity, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry O'Neill
- Parasitology Group, Division of Veterinary Infection and Immunity, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eileen Devaney
- Parasitology Group, Division of Veterinary Infection and Immunity, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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32
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Li YP, Shan GZ, Peng ZG, Zhu JH, Meng S, Zhang T, Gao LY, Tao PZ, Gao RM, Li YH, Jiang JD, Li ZR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heat-Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors: Geldanamycin Derivatives with Broad Antiviral Activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 20:259-68. [DOI: 10.3851/imp1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have suggested that geldanamycin (GA) inhibits the replication of several viruses in vitro. Here, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate the antiviral activity of 17-amino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin derivatives. Methods: A series of 17-substituted and 17-,19-disubstituted GA derivatives were screened for antiviral activities against eight different viral strains, including herpesvirus, hepatitis virus, retrovirus and picornavirus. Results: Most of the tested compounds showed inhibitory activity against the viruses and showed reduced cytotoxicity in vitro as compared with the parent compound GA. In vivo efficacy evaluation results showed that compound 6 noticeably inhibited duckling hepatitis B virus DNA replication in duckling serum after oral administration. Viral rebound did not occur after termination of the treatment. The modified GA derivatives also showed median lethal dose values that were higher than that of the parent GA in mice intraperitoneally treated with the study compounds. Conclusions: Targeting heat-shock protein 90 could be a new antiviral approach that is not prone to the development of drug resistance. The 17-amino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin derivatives could be novel agents with potential antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Shan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Yan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Zhen Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Mei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Rong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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33
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Biamonte MA, Van de Water R, Arndt JW, Scannevin RH, Perret D, Lee WC. Heat Shock Protein 90: Inhibitors in Clinical Trials. J Med Chem 2009; 53:3-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Perret
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San Diego, California 92122
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34
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Ricci L, Williams KP. Development of fluorescence polarization assays for the molecular chaperone Hsp70 family members: Hsp72 and DnaK. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2008; 2:90-5. [PMID: 20161846 PMCID: PMC2803438 DOI: 10.2174/1875397300802010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of chaperones play crucial roles in protein folding and have been linked to numerous diseases. We were interested in developing a generally applicable assay format for the Hsp70 family and have developed fluorescence polarization based assays for both the mammalian Hsp72 and its bacterial counterpart, DnaK. These assays are comparable in assay set-up, incubation conditions and buffer components. Both unfolded polypeptides and synthetic peptides can be utilized as tracers to detect binding although peptides meeting the minimum seven residue length for Hsp70 binders have weaken binding when modified with fluorescein presumably due to steric effects. Although we did not identify a suitable general substrate for all Hsp70 proteins, fluorescein tagged peptide substrates that gave high affinity binding were identified for both DnaK and hsp72. We would predict that these assays will be suitable for identifying both selective chemical probes of Hsp70 family members and "pan" Hsp70 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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35
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Taldone T, Sun W, Chiosis G. Discovery and development of heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2225-35. [PMID: 19017562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an important target in cancer because of its role in maintaining transformation and has recently become the focus of several drug discovery and development efforts. While compounds with different modes of action are known, the focus of this review is on those classes of compounds which inhibit Hsp90 by binding to the N-terminal ATP pocket. These include natural product inhibitors such as geldanamycin and radicicol and synthetic inhibitors comprised of purines, pyrazoles, isoxazoles and other scaffolds. The synthetic inhibitors have been discovered either by structure-based design, high throughput screening and more recently using fragment-based design and virtual screening techniques. This review will discuss the discovery of these different classes, as well as their development as potential clinical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 482, New York, NY 10021, USA
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36
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Synthesis and SAR study of N-(4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-yl)phenyl)-arylsulfonamides: heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors with submicromolar activity in an in vitro assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4982-7. [PMID: 18762423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 is emerging as an important target in cancer chemotherapy. In a program directed toward identifying novel chemical probes for Hsp90, we found N-(4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-yl)phenyl)benzene sulfonamide as an Hsp90 inhibitor with very weak activity. In this report, we present a new and general method for the synthesis of a variety of analogs around this scaffold, and discuss their structure-activity relationships.
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37
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Ganesh T, Min J, Thepchatri P, Du Y, Li L, Lewis I, Wilson L, Fu H, Chiosis G, Dingledine R, Liotta D, Snyder JP, Sun A. Discovery of aminoquinolines as a new class of potent inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90): Synthesis, biology, and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6903-10. [PMID: 18571929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 plays important roles in maintaining malignant phenotypes. Recent studies suggest that Hsp90 exerts high-affinity interactions with multiple oncoproteins, which are essential for the growth of tumor cells. As a result, research has focused on finding Hsp90 probes as potential and selective anticancer agents. In a high-throughput screening exercise, we identified quinoline 7 as a moderate inhibitor of Hsp90. Further hit identification, SAR studies, and biological investigation revealed several synthetic analogs in this series with micromolar activities in both fluorescent polarization (FP) assay and a cell-based Western blot (WB) assay. These compounds represent a new class of Hsp90 inhibitors with simple chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Chemical Biology Discovery Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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