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Deaconu M, Prelipcean AM, Brezoiu AM, Mitran RA, Seciu-Grama AM, Matei C, Berger D. Design of Scaffolds Based on Zinc-Modified Marine Collagen and Bilberry Leaves Extract-Loaded Silica Nanoparticles as Wound Dressings. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7673-7689. [PMID: 39099793 PMCID: PMC11296363 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s466905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, wound dressings were designed using zinc-modified marine collagen porous scaffold as host for wild bilberry (WB) leaves extract immobilized in functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). These new composites were developed as an alternative to conventional wound dressings. In addition to the antibacterial activity of classic antibiotics, a polyphenolic extract could act as an antioxidant and/or an anti-inflammatory agent as well. Methods Wild bilberry leaves extract was prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction in ethanol and its properties were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy (radical scavenging activity, total amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and condensed tannins). The extract components were identified by HPLC, and the antidiabetic properties of the extract were evaluated via α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Spherical MSN were modified with propionic acid or proline moieties by post-synthesis method and used as carriers for the WB leaves extract. The textural and structural features of functionalized MSN were assessed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, small-angle XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. The composite porous scaffolds were prepared by freeze drying of the zinc-modified collagen suspension containing WB extract loaded silica nanoparticles. Results The properties of the new composites demonstrated enhanced properties in terms of thermal stability of the zinc-collagen scaffold, without altering the protein conformation, and stimulation of NCTC fibroblasts mobility. The results of the scratch assay showed contributions of both zinc ions from collagen and the polyphenolic extract incorporated in functionalized silica in the wound healing process. The extract encapsulated in functionalized MSN proved enhanced biological activities compared to the extract alone: better inhibition of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains, higher biocompatibility on HaCaT keratinocytes, and anti-inflammatory potential demonstrated by reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Conclusion The experimental data shows that the novel composites can be used for the development of effective wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Deaconu
- CAMPUS Research Institute, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, 011061, Romania
| | | | - Ana-Maria Brezoiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, 011061, Romania
| | - Raul-Augustin Mitran
- ‘Ilie Murgulescu’ Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, 011061, Romania
| | - Cristian Matei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, 011061, Romania
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, 011061, Romania
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2
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Scott LN, Fiume M, Zhu J, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Zinc Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:5S-69S. [PMID: 38279815 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241227124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 27 inorganic and organometallic zinc salts as used in cosmetic formulations; these salts are specifically of the 2+ (II) oxidation state cation of zinc. These ingredients included in this report have various reported functions in cosmetics, including hair conditioning agents, skin conditioning agents, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, preservatives, oral care agents, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, and viscosity increasing agents. The Panel reviewed the relevant data for these ingredients, and concluded that these 27 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Scott
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Monice Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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3
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Dosoky NS, Shah SA, Dawson JT, Banjara SS, Poudel A, Bascoul C, Satyal P. Chemical Composition, Market Survey, and Safety Assessment of Blue Lotus ( Nymphaea caerulea Savigny) Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:7014. [PMID: 37894493 PMCID: PMC10609367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue lotus, also known as Nymphaea caerulea (Nymphaeaceae), is a water lily found globally in lakes and rivers. With its long history of use in Egyptian culture, blue lotus has been associated with spiritual rituals and health benefits. Nowadays, blue lotus is still consumed as a tea or tincture to induce relaxation and heightened spiritual awareness. In this study, six authentic N. caerulea extracts from trusted sources and eleven commercial products were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Authentic blue lotus extracts were produced in industrial settings. Overall, the extracts were a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic alcohols, fatty acids, phenyl derivatives, diterpenoids, phytosterols, and stigmastanes. Apomorphine and nuciferine, which are responsible for psychoactive effects of the blue lotus flower, were virtually absent from the authentic blue lotus extract. Although blue lotus has a long history of use, the safety data on the plant and its extracts is limited; however, together with the analytical data, the available information does not indicate major safety concerns for the topical application of authentic blue lotus flower concrete or absolute when diluted as a fragrance ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S. Dosoky
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara A. Shah
- Product Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.T.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Joseph T. Dawson
- Product Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.T.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Sushant Sharma Banjara
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ambika Poudel
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Cécile Bascoul
- Product Safety, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (S.A.S.); (J.T.D.); (C.B.)
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Essential Oil Science, dōTERRA International, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA; (N.S.D.); (S.S.B.); (A.P.)
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4
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Cherian PA, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Dialkyl Dimer Dilinoleates as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2023:10915818231174437. [PMID: 37192333 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231174437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reassessed the safety of 8 dialkyl dimer dilinoleates as used in cosmetics. These ingredients are diesters formed from the reaction of straight-chained or branched alkyl alcohols and dilinoleic acid; these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents. The Panel reviewed data relevant to the safety of these ingredients and concluded that Diisopropyl Dimer Dilinoleate, Dicetearyl Dimer Dilinoleate, Diisostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate, Diethylhexyl Dimer Dilinoleate, Dioctyldodecyl Dimer Dilinoleate, Ditridecyl Dimer Dilinoleate, Di-C16-18 Alkyl Dimer Dilinoleate, and Di-C20-40 Alkyl Dimer Dilinoleate are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director
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5
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Triglycerides as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:22-68. [DOI: 10.1177/10915818221123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 51 triglycerides; 25 of these ingredients were previously reviewed by the Panel, and 26 are reviewed herein for the first time. The majority of the ingredients named in this assessment have several functions, with most reported to function as skin conditioning agents (occlusive or emollient) and/or viscosity increasing agents in cosmetics; some are also reported to function as a fragrance or solvent. The Panel reviewed relevant new data, including frequency and concentration of use, and considered the data from previous reports. The Panel concluded the 51 triglycerides reviewed in this report are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Hill
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - James G. Marks
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
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Ballell-Hosa L, González-Mira E, Santana H, Morla-Folch J, Moreno-Masip M, Martínez-Prieto Y, Revuelta A, Di Mauro PP, Veciana J, Sala S, Ferrer-Tasies L, Ventosa N. DELOS Nanovesicles-Based Hydrogels: An Advanced Formulation for Topical Use. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010199. [PMID: 35057095 PMCID: PMC8779640 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical delivery has received great attention due to its localized drug delivery, its patient compliance, and its low risk for side effects. Recent developments have focused on studying new drug delivery systems as a strategy for addressing the challenges of current topical treatments. Here we describe the advances on an innovative drug delivery platform called DELOS nanovesicles for topical drug delivery. Previously, the production of DELOS nanovesicles demonstrated potentiality for the topical treatment of complex wounds, achieving well-tolerated liquid dispersions by this route. Here, research efforts have been focused on designing these nanocarriers with the best skin tolerability to be applied even to damaged skin, and on exploring the feasibility of adapting the colloidal dispersions to a more suitable dosage form for topical application. Accordingly, these drug delivery systems have been efficiently evolved to a hydrogel using MethocelTM K4M, presenting proper stability and rheological properties. Further, the integrity of these nanocarriers when being gellified has been confirmed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy and by Förster resonance energy transfer analysis with fluorescent-labeled DELOS nanovesicles, which is a crucial characterization not widely reported in the literature. Additionally, in vitro experiments have shown that recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor (rhEGF) protein integrated into gellified DELOS nanovesicles exhibits an enhanced bioactivity compared to the liquid form. Therefore, these studies suggest that such a drug delivery system is maintained unaltered when hydrogellified, becoming the DELOS nanovesicles-based hydrogels, an advanced formulation for topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Ballell-Hosa
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (S.S.)
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet González-Mira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Santana
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (H.S.); (Y.M.-P.)
| | - Judit Morla-Folch
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Moreno-Masip
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Yaima Martínez-Prieto
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 31st Avenue between 158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba; (H.S.); (Y.M.-P.)
| | - Albert Revuelta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Primiano Pio Di Mauro
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santi Sala
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (S.S.)
| | - Lidia Ferrer-Tasies
- Nanomol Technologies S.L., 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.-T.); (N.V.)
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.M.-F.); (M.M.-M.); (A.R.); (P.P.D.M.); (J.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.F.-T.); (N.V.)
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7
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Kung CP, Sil BC, Zhang Y, Hadgraft J, Lane ME, Patel B, McCulloch R. Dermal delivery of amitriptyline for topical analgesia. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:805-815. [PMID: 33886076 PMCID: PMC8888505 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Amitriptyline, administered orally, is currently one of the treatment options for the management of neuropathic pain and migraine. Because of the physicochemical properties of the molecule, amitriptyline is also a promising candidate for delivery as a topical analgesic. Here we report the dermal delivery of amitriptyline from a range of simple formulations. The first stage of the work required the conversion of amitriptyline hydrochloride to the free base form as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Distribution coefficient values were measured at pH 6, 6.5, 7, and 7.4. Solubility and stability of amitriptyline were assessed prior to conducting in vitro permeation and mass balance studies. The compound demonstrated instability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) dependent on pH. Volatile formulations comprising of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and isopropyl myristate (IPM) or propylene glycol (PG) were evaluated in porcine skin under finite dose conditions. Compared with neat IPM, the IPM:IPA vehicles promoted 8-fold and 5-fold increases in the amount of amitriptyline that permeated at 24 h. Formulations containing PG also appear to be promising vehicles for dermal delivery of amitriptyline, typically delivering higher amounts of amitriptyline than the IPM:IPA vehicles. The results reported here suggest that further optimization of topical amitriptyline formulations should be pursued towards development of a product for clinical investigational studies. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13346-021-00982-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ping Kung
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Bruno C Sil
- London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, UK
| | - Yanling Zhang
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jonathan Hadgraft
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Majella E Lane
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Bhumik Patel
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Renée McCulloch
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
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In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation in Dermal Delivery: The Role of Excipients. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040542. [PMID: 33924434 PMCID: PMC8069833 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of topical and transdermal formulations is known to determine the rate and the extent of drug delivery to and through the skin. However, to date, the role of excipients in these formulations on skin delivery of actives has received little attention from scientists in the field. Monitoring skin absorption of both drug and vehicle may provide insights into the mechanism by which excipients promote permeation and may facilitate the design of effective and safer products. Previously, we have investigated the use of quantitative Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) to investigate the delivery of an active to the skin, and we also reported the first fully quantitative study that compared this method with the well-established in vitro permeation test (IVPT) model. To further explore the potential of quantitative CRS in assessing topical delivery, the present work investigated the effects of commonly used excipients on the percutaneous absorption of a model drug, ibuprofen (IBU). Permeation of IBU and selected solvents following finite dose applications to human skin was determined in vitro and in vivo by Franz diffusion studies and quantitative CRS, respectively. The solvents used were propylene glycol (PG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), tripropylene glycol (TPG), and polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300). Overall, the cumulative amounts of IBU that permeated at 24 h in vitro were similar for PG, DPG, and TPG (p > 0.05). These three vehicles outperformed PEG 300 (p < 0.05) in terms of drug delivery. Concerning the vehicles, the rank order for in vitro skin permeation was DPG ≥ PG > TPG, while PEG 300 did not permeate the skin. A linear relationship between maximum vehicle and IBU flux in vitro was found, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.95. When comparing in vitro with in vivo data, a positive in vitro–in vivo (IVIV) correlation between the cumulative permeation of IBU in vitro and the total amount of IBU that penetrated the stratum corneum (SC) in vivo was observed, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.90. A strong IVIV correlation, R2 = 0.82, was found following the linear regression of the cumulative number of solvents permeated in vitro and the corresponding skin uptake in vivo measured with CRS. This is the first study to correlate in vivo permeation of solvents measured by CRS with data obtained by in vitro diffusion studies. The IVIV correlations suggest that CRS is a powerful tool for profiling drug and vehicle delivery from dermal formulations. Future studies will examine additional excipients with varying physicochemical properties. Ultimately, these findings are expected to lead to new approaches for the design, evaluation, and optimization of formulations that target actives to and through the skin.
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Burnett CL, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Safety Assessment of Amino Acid Alkyl Amides as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:17S-56S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581816686048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the product use, formulation, and safety data of 115 amino acid alkyl amides, which function as skin and hair conditioning agents and as surfactants—cleansing agents in personal care products. Safety test data on dermal irritation and sensitization for the ingredients with the highest use concentrations, lauroyl lysine and sodium lauroyl glutamate, were reviewed and determined to adequately support the safe use of the ingredients in this report. The Panel concluded that amino acid alkyl amides are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, when formulated to be nonirritating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Burnett
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Chemist, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V. Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D. Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C. Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F. Alan Andersen
- Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia C, Oswald I, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Grasl-Kraupp B, Grob K, Penninks A, Binaglia M, Roldán Torres R, Vleminckx C. Scientific opinion on the evaluation of substances as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04656. [PMID: 32625253 PMCID: PMC7009818 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shipping of edible fats and oils into Europe is permitted in bulk tanks, provided that the previous cargo is included in a positive list. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate the acceptability as previous cargoes for fats and oils the substances calcium lignosulphonate, methyl acetate, ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and ammonium sulphate. The evaluation was based on the same criteria as those used for the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils. Methyl acetate and ETBE meet the criteria for acceptability as previous cargoes. Due to uncertainties, mainly with regard to the composition and toxicity of the low molecular mass fraction, and the fact that the toxicological database is limited to the 40-65 grade and does not cover all grades of calcium lignosulphonate shipped as previous cargoes, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that calcium lignosulphonate does not meet the criteria for acceptability as a previous cargo. Only food-grade ammonium sulphate meets the criteria for acceptability as a previous cargo due to uncertainties about impurities in other (non-food) grades.
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11
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Chien PJ, Ye M, Suzuki T, Toma K, Arakawa T, Iwasaki Y, Mitsubayashi K. Optical isopropanol biosensor using NADH-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH). Talanta 2016; 159:418-424. [PMID: 27474326 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isopropanol (IPA) is an important solvent used in industrial activity often found in hospitals as antiseptic alcohol rub. Also, IPA may have the potential to be a biomarker of diabetic ketoacidosis. In this study, an optical biosensor using NADH-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) for IPA measurement was constructed and evaluated. An ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED, λ=340nm) was employed as the excitation light to excite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). A photomultiplier tube (PMT) was connected to a two-way branch optical fiber for measuring the fluorescence emitted from the NADH. S-ADH was immobilized on the membrane to catalyze IPA to acetone and reduce NAD(+) to be NADH. This IPA biosensor shows highly sensitivity and selectivity, the calibration range is from 500 nmol L(-1) to 1mmolL(-1). The optimization of buffer pH, temperature, and the enzyme-immobilized method were also evaluated. The detection of IPA in nail related cosmetic using our IPA biosensor was also carried out. The results showed that large amounts of IPA were used in these kinds of cosmetics. This IPA biosensor comes with the advantages of rapid reaction, good reproducibility, and wide dynamic range, and is also expected to use for clinical IPA detections in serum or other medical and health related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Chien
- Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita-Shi, Osaka 564-0836, Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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12
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Safety assessment of Vitis vinifera (grape)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2015; 33:48S-83S. [PMID: 25297908 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814545247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 24 Vitis vinifera (grape)-derived ingredients and found them safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics. These ingredients function in cosmetics mostly as skin-conditioning agents, but some function as antioxidants, flavoring agents, and/or colorants. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Additionally, some constituents of grapes have been assessed previously for safety as cosmetic ingredients by the Panel, and others are compounds that have been discussed in previous Panel safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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