1
|
Scott LN, Fiume M, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Alkane Diols as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:70S-131S. [PMID: 38174390 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231224234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 10 alkane diol ingredients as used in cosmetics. The alkane diols are structurally related to each other as small diols, and most are reported to function in cosmetics as solvents. The Panel reviewed the relevant data for these ingredients, and concluded that seven alkane diols are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment, but that the available data are insufficient to make a determination of safety for three ingredients, namely 1,4-Butanediol, 2,3-Butanediol, and Octanediol.
Collapse
Key Words
- 1,10-Decanediol
- 1,4-Butanediol
- 1,5-Pentanediol
- 2,3-Butanediol
- Butyl Ethyl Propanediol (2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol)
- Cosmetics
- Hexanediol (1,6-hexanediol)
- Isopentyldiol (3-methyl-1,3-butanediol)
- Methylpropanediol (2-methyl-1,3-propanediol)
- Octanediol (1,8-octanediol)
- Propanediol (1,3-propanediol)
- Safety
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Scott
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scott LN, Fiume M, Zhu J, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Zinc Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:5S-69S. [PMID: 38279815 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241227124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 27 inorganic and organometallic zinc salts as used in cosmetic formulations; these salts are specifically of the 2+ (II) oxidation state cation of zinc. These ingredients included in this report have various reported functions in cosmetics, including hair conditioning agents, skin conditioning agents, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, preservatives, oral care agents, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, and viscosity increasing agents. The Panel reviewed the relevant data for these ingredients, and concluded that these 27 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Scott
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Monice Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scott LN, Fiume M, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:77-128. [PMID: 36177798 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221124809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and 5 derivatives as used in cosmetics. These ingredients named in this report are reported to function in cosmetics as hair conditioning agents, and Panthenol also is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent-humectant and a solvent. The Panel reviewed relevant data for these ingredients, and concluded that these 7 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use concentration described in this safety assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Scott
- Former Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scott LN, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethyl-3,4-Methylenedioxyaniline HCl as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:76S-90S. [PMID: 35574591 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221099897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of Hydroxyethyl-3,4-Methylenedioxyaniline HCl, which is reported to function as a hair dye ingredient. The Panel reviewed relevant data provided in this safety assessment, and concluded that Hydroxyethyl-3,4-Methylenedioxyaniline HCl is safe for use as a hair dye ingredient in the present practices of use and concentrations described in this report. The Panel cautions that this ingredient should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds can be formed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Scott
- Scientific Analyst/Writer, Former Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Safety Member, Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Safety Member, Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Safety Member, Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Safety Member, Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Safety Member, Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Safety Member, Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Safety Member, Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Safety Member, Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Safety Member, Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Executive Director, 44002Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scott LN, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Saccharide Esters as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:52S-116S. [PMID: 34514895 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211016378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This is a safety assessment of 40 saccharide ester ingredients as used in cosmetics. The saccharide esters are reported to function in cosmetics as emollients, skin-conditioning agents, fragrance ingredients, and emulsion stabilizers. The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the relevant data for these ingredients. The Panel concluded that the saccharide esters are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentrations described in this safety assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Scott
- 44002Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scott LN, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Final Amended Safety Assessment of Sodium Sulfate as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:86S-94S. [PMID: 34259063 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211015921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reopened the safety assessment of Sodium Sulfate, a cosmetic ingredient that is an inorganic salt reported to function in cosmetics as a viscosity increasing agent-aqueous. The Panel reviewed the relevant new data for the ingredient, including frequency of use and concentration of use, and considered data from the previous Panel assessment. The Panel concluded that Sodium Sulfate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentrations described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonirritating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Scott
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beeney JE, Hallquist MN, Scott LN, Ringwald WR, Stepp SD, Lazarus SA, Mattia AA, Pilkonis PA. The Emotional Bank Account and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse in Romantic Relationships of People with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Dyadic Observational Study. Clin Psychol Sci 2020; 7:1063-1077. [PMID: 32670673 DOI: 10.1177/2167702619830647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined behaviors in romantic relationships associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We assessed critical variables from marital research: the "emotional bank account" (positive-to-negative behaviors; Gottman, 1993) and the "four horsemen of the apocalypse" (criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling; Gottman & Silver, 1999; Gottman & Krokoff, 1989). Couples (N = 130, or 260 participants) engaged in a conflict task and reported relationship satisfaction at intake and 12-months. Clinician-rated BPD and avoidant PD (APD) criteria were examined. People with more BPD symptoms and their partners were less satisfied, which worsened by follow-up. Conflict behaviors partially explained these associations. Partners of people with more BPD symptoms had a worse emotional bank account, which then predicted (a) poorer satisfaction for both members and (b) worsening partner satisfaction. People with more BPD symptoms criticized more; their partners defended and stonewalled more. APD predicted worsening satisfaction. BPD appears to link specifically with relationship dysfunction, partly through associations with partner behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Beeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - M N Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University
| | - L N Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - W R Ringwald
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - S D Stepp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - S A Lazarus
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health
| | - A A Mattia
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - P A Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|