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Peivasteh-Roudsari L, Karami M, Barzegar-Bafrouei R, Samiee S, Karami H, Tajdar-Oranj B, Mahdavi V, Alizadeh AM, Sadighara P, Oliveri Conti G, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Toxicity, metabolism, and mitigation strategies of acrylamide: a comprehensive review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1-29. [PMID: 36161963 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2123907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide, a food-borne chemical toxicant, has raised global concern in recent decades. It mainly originated from reducing sugar and free amino acid interactions in the carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs heated at high temperatures. Due to the neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity of AA, the mechanism of formation, toxic effects on health, and mitigation strategies, including conventional approaches and innovative technologies, have been of great interest since its discovery in food. Potato products (especially French fries and crisps), coffee, and cereals(bread and biscuit) are renowned contributors to AA's daily intake. The best preventive methods discussed in the literature include time/temperature optimization, blanching, enzymatic treatment, yeast treatment, additives, pulsed electric fields, ultrasound, vacuum roasting, air frying, and irradiation, exhibiting a high efficacy in AA elimination in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marziyeh Karami
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Barzegar-Bafrouei
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Samane Samiee
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Karami
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-Oranj
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia," Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Delatour T, Stadler RH. Two decades of research in dietary acrylamide: What do we know today. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12169-12177. [PMID: 35852101 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2099344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
After nearly two decades since acrylamide was first raised as a potential safety issue in foods, significant progress has been made in understanding its formation during cooking, how to reduce levels in the most concerned foods, and the possible cancer risk to humans. Despite the huge wealth of knowledge gathered on this topic over the past years, a few new discoveries in occurrence, mitigation, analysis and risk assessment are worthy to note. This short review highlights the salient novelties pertaining to acrylamide, particularly in the areas of formation & analysis, existing and possible future regulations in the European Union, and finally considerations that may lead to possibly revisiting the toxicity of acrylamide and the main metabolite, glycidamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Delatour
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Richard H Stadler
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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3
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Fan M, Xu X, Lang W, Wang W, Wang X, Xin A, Zhou F, Ding Z, Ye X, Zhu B. Toxicity, formation, contamination, determination and mitigation of acrylamide in thermally processed plant-based foods and herbal medicines: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115059. [PMID: 37257344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermal processing is one of the important techniques for most of the plant-based food and herb medicines before consumption and application in order to meet the specific requirement. The plant and herbs are rich in amino acids and reducing sugars, and thermal processing may lead to Maillard reaction, resulting as a high risk of acrylamide pollution. Acrylamide, an organic pollutant that can be absorbed by the body through the respiratory tract, digestive tract, skin and mucous membranes, has potential carcinogenicity, neurological, genetic, reproductive and developmental toxicity. Therefore, it is significant to conduct pollution determination and risk assessment for quality assurance and security of medication. This review demonstrates state-of-the-art research of acrylamide focusing on the toxicity, formation, contamination, determination, and mitigation in taking food and herb medicine, to provide reference for scientific processing and ensure the security of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China; Wenshui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luliang City, Shanxi Province 032100 PR China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Wenjun Lang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Angjun Xin
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China.
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China.
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4
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Guth S, Baum M, Cartus AT, Diel P, Engel KH, Engeli B, Epe B, Grune T, Haller D, Heinz V, Hellwig M, Hengstler JG, Henle T, Humpf HU, Jäger H, Joost HG, Kulling SE, Lachenmeier DW, Lampen A, Leist M, Mally A, Marko D, Nöthlings U, Röhrdanz E, Roth A, Spranger J, Stadler R, Steinberg P, Vieths S, Wätjen W, Eisenbrand G. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of acrylamide: Arguments for the derivation of a tolerable daily intake (TDI value). Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113632. [PMID: 36708862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) presents arguments for an updated risk assessment of diet-related exposure to acrylamide (AA), based on a critical review of scientific evidence relevant to low dose exposure. The SKLM arrives at the conclusion that as long as an appropriate exposure limit for AA is not exceeded, genotoxic effects resulting in carcinogenicity are unlikely to occur. Based on the totality of the evidence, the SKLM considers it scientifically justified to derive a tolerable daily intake (TDI) as a health-based guidance value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Guth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Matthias Baum
- Solenis Germany Industries GmbH, Fütingsweg 20, 47805 Krefeld, Germany.
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Barbara Engeli
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), Risk Assessment Division, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Volker Heinz
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL), Prof.-von-Klitzing-Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany.
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Thomas Henle
- Department of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, Weißenburger Str. 3, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Box 657, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elke Röhrdanz
- Unit Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Angelika Roth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Richard Stadler
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Centre, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, 26, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Wim Wätjen
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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5
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Benford D, Bignami M, Chipman JK, Ramos Bordajandi L. Assessment of the genotoxicity of acrylamide. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07293. [PMID: 35540797 PMCID: PMC9069548 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA was requested to deliver a statement on a recent publication revisiting the evidence for genotoxicity of acrylamide (AA). The statement was prepared by a Working Group and was endorsed by the CONTAM Panel before its final approval. In interpreting the Terms of Reference, the statement considered the modes of action underlying the carcinogenicity of AA including genotoxic and non‐genotoxic effects. Relevant publications since the 2015 CONTAM Panel Opinion on AA in food were reviewed. Several new studies reported positive results on the clastogenic and mutagenic properties of AA and its active metabolite glycidamide (GA). DNA adducts of GA were induced by AA exposure in experimental animals and have also been observed in humans. In addition to the genotoxicity of AA, there is evidence for both secondary DNA oxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species and for non‐genotoxic effects which may contribute to carcinogenesis by AA. These studies extend the information assessed by the CONTAM Panel in its 2015 Opinion, and support its conclusions. That Opinion applied the margin of exposure (MOE) approach, as recommended in the EFSA Guidance for substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic, for risk characterisation of the neoplastic effects of AA. Based on the new data evaluated, the MOE approach is still considered appropriate, and an update of the 2015 Opinion is not required at the present time.
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Comprehensive interpretation of in vitro micronucleus test results for 292 chemicals: from hazard identification to risk assessment application. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2067-2085. [PMID: 35445829 PMCID: PMC9151546 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessments are increasingly reliant on information from in vitro assays. The in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) is a genotoxicity test that detects chromosomal abnormalities, including chromosome breakage (clastogenicity) and/or whole chromosome loss (aneugenicity). In this study, MNvit datasets for 292 chemicals, generated by the US EPA’s ToxCast program, were evaluated using a decision tree-based pipeline for hazard identification. Chemicals were tested with 19 concentrations (n = 1) up to 200 µM, in the presence and absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9. To identify clastogenic chemicals, %MN values at each concentration were compared to a distribution of batch-specific solvent controls; this was followed by cytotoxicity assessment and benchmark concentration (BMC) analyses. The approach classified 157 substances as positives, 25 as negatives, and 110 as inconclusive. Using the approach described in Bryce et al. (Environ Mol Mutagen 52:280–286, 2011), we identified 15 (5%) aneugens. IVIVE (in vitro to in vivo extrapolation) was employed to convert BMCs into administered equivalent doses (AEDs). Where possible, AEDs were compared to points of departure (PODs) for traditional genotoxicity endpoints; AEDs were generally lower than PODs based on in vivo endpoints. To facilitate interpretation of in vitro MN assay concentration–response data for risk assessment, exposure estimates were utilized to calculate bioactivity exposure ratio (BER) values. BERs for 50 clastogens and two aneugens had AEDs that approached exposure estimates (i.e., BER < 100); these chemicals might be considered priorities for additional testing. This work provides a framework for the use of high-throughput in vitro genotoxicity testing for priority setting and chemical risk assessment.
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Quesada-Valverde M, Artavia G, Granados-Chinchilla F, Cortés-Herrera C. Acrylamide in foods: from regulation and registered levels to chromatographic analysis, nutritional relevance, exposure, mitigation approaches, and health effects. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2018611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Quesada-Valverde
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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R. R. LIMA T, P. SOUZA N, FERRAGUT CARDOSO AP, M. GOMIDE LM, G. NASCIMENTO E PONTES M, A. MIOT H, L. ARNOLD L, M. COHEN S, V. DE CAMARGO JL. Testicular alterations in cryptorchid/orchiopexic rats chronically exposed to acrylamide or di-butyl-phthalate. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:159-170. [PMID: 35516837 PMCID: PMC9018398 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thania R. R. LIMA
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália P. SOUZA
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. FERRAGUT CARDOSO
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Maria M. GOMIDE
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Merielen G. NASCIMENTO E PONTES
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio A. MIOT
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Botucatu, 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lora L. ARNOLD
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Omaha, 68105, NE, USA
| | - Samuel M. COHEN
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Omaha, 68105, NE, USA
| | - João Lauro V. DE CAMARGO
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guibourdenche M, Haug J, Chevalier N, Spatz M, Barbezier N, Gay-Quéheillard J, Anton PM. Food Contaminants Effects on an In Vitro Model of Human Intestinal Epithelium. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060135. [PMID: 34207749 PMCID: PMC8227186 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues represent an important category of food contaminants. Furthermore, during food processing, some advanced glycation end-products resulting from the Maillard reaction can be formed. They may have adverse health effects, in particular on the digestive tract function, alone and combined. We sought to validate an in vitro model of the human intestinal barrier to mimic the effects of these food contaminants on the epithelium. A co-culture of Caco-2/TC7 cells and HT29-MTX was stimulated for 6 h with chlorpyrifos (300 μM), acrylamide (5 mM), Nε-Carboxymethyllysine (300 μM) alone or in cocktail with a mix of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of those contaminants on the integrity of the gut barrier and the inflammatory response were analyzed. Since the co-culture responded to inflammatory stimulation, we investigated whether this model could be used to evaluate the effects of food contaminants on the human intestinal epithelium. CPF alone affected tight junctions’ gene expression, without inducing any inflammation or alteration of intestinal permeability. CML and acrylamide decreased mucins gene expression in the intestinal mucosa, but did not affect paracellular intestinal permeability. CML exposure activated the gene expression of MAPK pathways. The co-culture response was stable over time. This cocktail of food contaminants may thus alter the gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Guibourdenche
- PériTox—Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.G.); (J.G.-Q.)
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France; (J.H.); (N.C.); (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Johanna Haug
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France; (J.H.); (N.C.); (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Noëllie Chevalier
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France; (J.H.); (N.C.); (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Madeleine Spatz
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France; (J.H.); (N.C.); (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Barbezier
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France; (J.H.); (N.C.); (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard
- PériTox—Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.G.); (J.G.-Q.)
| | - Pauline M. Anton
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France; (J.H.); (N.C.); (M.S.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-4406-3868
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Revisiting the evidence for genotoxicity of acrylamide (AA), key to risk assessment of dietary AA exposure. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2939-2950. [PMID: 32494932 PMCID: PMC7415744 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The weight of evidence pro/contra classifying the process-related food contaminant (PRC) acrylamide (AA) as a genotoxic carcinogen is reviewed. Current dietary AA exposure estimates reflect margins of exposure (MOEs) < 500. Several arguments support the view that AA may not act as a genotoxic carcinogen, especially not at consumer-relevant exposure levels: Biotransformation of AA into genotoxic glycidamide (GA) in primary rat hepatocytes is markedly slower than detoxifying coupling to glutathione (GS). Repeated feeding of rats with AA containing foods, bringing about uptake of 100 µg/kg/day of AA, resulted in dose x time-related buildup of AA-hemoglobin (Hb) adducts, whereas GA-Hb adducts remained within the background. Since hepatic oxidative biotransformation of AA into GA was proven by simultaneous urinary mercapturic acid monitoring it can be concluded that at this nutritional intake level any GA formed in the liver from AA is quantitatively coupled to GS to be excreted as mercapturic acid in urine. In an oral single dose–response study in rats, AA induced DNA N7-GA-Gua adducts dose-dependently in the high dose range (> 100 µg/kg b w). At variance, in the dose range below 100 µg/kg b.w. down to levels of average consumers exposure, DNA N7 -Gua lesions were found only sporadically, without dose dependence, and at levels close to the lower bound of similar human background DNA N7-Gua lesions. No DNA damage was detected by the comet assay within this low dose range. GA is a very weak mutagen, known to predominantly induce DNA N7-GA-Gua adducts, especially in the lower dose range. There is consensus that DNA N7-GA-Gua adducts exhibit rather low mutagenic potency. The low mutagenic potential of GA has further been evidenced by comparison to preactivated forms of other process-related contaminants, such as N-Nitroso compounds or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, potent food borne mutagens/carcinogens. Toxicogenomic studies provide no evidence supporting a genotoxic mode of action (MOA), rather indicate effects on calcium signalling and cytoskeletal functions in rodent target organs. Rodent carcinogenicity studies show induction of strain- and species-specific neoplasms, with MOAs not considered likely predictive for human cancer risk. In summary, the overall evidence clearly argues for a nongenotoxic/nonmutagenic MOA underlying the neoplastic effects of AA in rodents. In consequence, a tolerable intake level (TDI) may be defined, guided by mechanistic elucidation of key adverse effects and supported by biomarker-based dosimetry in experimental systems and humans.
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Hartwig A, Arand M, Epe B, Guth S, Jahnke G, Lampen A, Martus HJ, Monien B, Rietjens IMCM, Schmitz-Spanke S, Schriever-Schwemmer G, Steinberg P, Eisenbrand G. Mode of action-based risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1787-1877. [PMID: 32542409 PMCID: PMC7303094 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk assessment of chemical carcinogens is one major task in toxicology. Even though exposure has been mitigated effectively during the last decades, low levels of carcinogenic substances in food and at the workplace are still present and often not completely avoidable. The distinction between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens has traditionally been regarded as particularly relevant for risk assessment, with the assumption of the existence of no-effect concentrations (threshold levels) in case of the latter group. In contrast, genotoxic carcinogens, their metabolic precursors and DNA reactive metabolites are considered to represent risk factors at all concentrations since even one or a few DNA lesions may in principle result in mutations and, thus, increase tumour risk. Within the current document, an updated risk evaluation for genotoxic carcinogens is proposed, based on mechanistic knowledge regarding the substance (group) under investigation, and taking into account recent improvements in analytical techniques used to quantify DNA lesions and mutations as well as "omics" approaches. Furthermore, wherever possible and appropriate, special attention is given to the integration of background levels of the same or comparable DNA lesions. Within part A, fundamental considerations highlight the terms hazard and risk with respect to DNA reactivity of genotoxic agents, as compared to non-genotoxic agents. Also, current methodologies used in genetic toxicology as well as in dosimetry of exposure are described. Special focus is given on the elucidation of modes of action (MOA) and on the relation between DNA damage and cancer risk. Part B addresses specific examples of genotoxic carcinogens, including those humans are exposed to exogenously and endogenously, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the corresponding alcohols as well as some alkylating agents, ethylene oxide, and acrylamide, but also examples resulting from exogenous sources like aflatoxin B1, allylalkoxybenzenes, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), benzo[a]pyrene and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Additionally, special attention is given to some carcinogenic metal compounds, which are considered indirect genotoxins, by accelerating mutagenicity via interactions with the cellular response to DNA damage even at low exposure conditions. Part C finally encompasses conclusions and perspectives, suggesting a refined strategy for the assessment of the carcinogenic risk associated with an exposure to genotoxic compounds and addressing research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jahnke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Martus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Schriever-Schwemmer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Retired Senior Professor for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Souza NP, Arnold LL, Pennington KL, Nascimento E Pontes MG, Miot HA, de Camargo JLV, Cohen SM. Isolation and molecular characterization of spermatogonia from male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed in utero and postnatally to dibutyl phthalate or acrylamide. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:488-498. [PMID: 31050326 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1611981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of testicular disorders in young men and the possible influence of environmental chemicals, such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and acrylamide (AA), requires experimental models for identifying modes of action. Most published reproductive toxicologic studies use RNA samples from the total testis to evaluate testicular gene expression; however, analyses of isolated cell types could provide a more specific tool. Among testicular germ cells, spermatogonia are critical since they represent the onset of spermatogenesis. This study aimed, (1) to establish a technique for spermatogonia isolation; (2) to apply this isolation technique to verify possible gene expression alterations (Pou5f1, Kitlg, Mki-67, Bak1 and Spry4) in prepubertal post-natal day, (PND24) and pubertal (PND45) testes after in utero and postnatal exposure to DBP or AA. The technique was efficient for isolation of a majority of spermatogonia. In utero DBP exposure led to reduced litter body weight at birth, reduced anogenital distance of male pups on PND4, and increased frequency of male nipple retention on PND14 compared to controls. DBP-exposed relative testes weights were reduced only at PND24 compared to control but they did not differ at PND45. DBP-exposed animals showed reduced expression levels of Pou5f1 and Mki67 on PND24, and reduced expression of Pou5f1 and Spry4 on PND45. AA exposure reduced expression of Pou5f1, Mki67, and Spry4 at PND45 although not significantly. Our results suggest that DBP acts by reducing cell proliferation and impairing differentiation in prepubertal and pubertal testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália P Souza
- a Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Department of Pathology, Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM) , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Lora L Arnold
- b Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Karen L Pennington
- b Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Merielen G Nascimento E Pontes
- a Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Department of Pathology, Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM) , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Helio A Miot
- a Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Department of Pathology, Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM) , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - João Lauro V de Camargo
- a Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Department of Pathology, Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM) , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- b Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,c Havlik - Wall Professor of Oncologyan endowed chair at the University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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13
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Harrill J, Shah I, Setzer RW, Haggard D, Auerbach S, Judson R, Thomas RS. Considerations for Strategic Use of High-Throughput Transcriptomics Chemical Screening Data in Regulatory Decisions. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019; 15:64-75. [PMID: 31501805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, numerous organizations, including governmental regulatory agencies in the U.S. and abroad, have proposed using data from New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for augmenting and increasing the pace of chemical assessments. NAMs are broadly defined as any technology, methodology, approach or combination thereof that can be used to provide information on chemical hazard and risk assessment that avoids the use of intact animals. High-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) is a type of NAM that uses gene expression profiling as an endpoint for rapidly evaluating the effects of large numbers of chemicals on in vitro cell culture systems. As compared to targeted high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches that measure the effect of chemical X on target Y, HTTr is a non-targeted approach that allows researchers to more broadly characterize the integrated response of an intact biological system to chemicals that may affect a specific biological target or many biological targets under a defined set of treatment conditions (time, concentration, etc.). HTTr screening performed in concentration-response mode can provide potency estimates for the concentrations of chemicals that produce perturbations in cellular response pathways. Here, we discuss study design considerations for HTTr concentration-response screening and present a framework for the use of HTTr-based biological pathway-altering concentrations (BPACs) in a screening-level, risk-based chemical prioritization approach. The framework involves concentration-response modeling of HTTr data, mapping gene level responses to biological pathways, determination of BPACs, in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and comparison to human exposure predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Harrill
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Imran Shah
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R Woodrow Setzer
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Derik Haggard
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Scott Auerbach
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard Judson
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Russell S Thomas
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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14
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de Souza NP, Cardoso AF, Gomide L, Lima T, Miot HA, Martino-Andrade AJ, Arnold LL, Pennington KL, Cohen SM, de Camargo J, Nascimento E Pontes MG. Experimental cryptorchidism enhances testicular susceptibility to dibutyl phthalate or acrylamide in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:899-913. [PMID: 30995857 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119845040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism (CPT), the most common male congenital abnormality, is variably associated with other male reproductive tract problems. We evaluated if cryptorchid rats develop enhanced testicular susceptibility to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or acrylamide (AA) after extended exposure. Three studies with rats were performed: (1) in utero and postnatal exposure to DBP or AA; (2) establishment of CPT and orchiopexy; and (3) in utero and postnatal exposures to DBP or AA associated with CPT/orchiopexy. Seminiferous tubules were histologically scored according to the severity of lesions: (1) Rats exposed to DBP (score 1.5) or AA (score 1.1) presented mostly preserved spermatogenesis. Some seminiferous tubules showed vacuolated germinative epithelium, germ cell apoptosis, and a Sertoli cell-only (SCO) pattern. (2) CPT (score 3.3) resulted in decreased absolute testes weights, degenerated and SCO tubules, and spermatogenesis arrest that were reversed by orchiopexy (score 1.1). (3) Exposure to DBP or AA with CPT/orchiopexy led to atrophic testes, spermatogenesis arrest, germ cell exfoliation/multinucleation, and SCO tubules (both chemicals score 2.5). Exposure to chemicals such as DBP or AA prevented the recovery of cryptorchid testes by orchiopexy. The possible role of environmental contaminants should be considered when looking for factors that modulate human testicular disorders associated with CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P de Souza
- 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ap Ferragut Cardoso
- 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lmm Gomide
- 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Trr Lima
- 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H A Miot
- 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J Martino-Andrade
- 2 Department of Physiology, Polytechnic Centre, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - L L Arnold
- 3 Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - K L Pennington
- 3 Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S M Cohen
- 3 Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,4 Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jlv de Camargo
- 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M G Nascimento E Pontes
- 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Evaluation of the Impact of the Environmental on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines, acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acrolein, chloropropanols and chloroesters are generated toxicants formed in some foodstuffs, mainly starchy and protein-rich food during thermal treatment such as frying, roasting and baking. The formation of these chemical compounds is associated with development of aromas, colors and flavors. One of the challenges facing the food industry today is to minimize these toxicants without adversely affecting the positive attributes of thermal processing. To achieve this objective, it is essential to have a detailed understanding of the mechanism of formation of these toxicants in processed foods. All reviewed toxicants in that paper are classified as probable, possible or potential human carcinogens and have been proven to be carcinogenic in animal studies. The purpose of that review is to summarize some of the most frequent occurring heat-generated food toxicants during conventional heating, their metabolism and carcinogenicity. Moreover, conventional and microwave heating were also compared as two different heat treatment methods, especially how they change food chemical composition and which thermal food toxicants are formed during specific method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Koszucka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Wang J, Zhang MY, Xu SQ, Cheng J, Yu ZJ, Hu XM. Down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase-related anti-apoptotic function in a rat model of acrylamide induced neurobehavioral deficits. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:512-518. [PMID: 29926741 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1471523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the precise mechanism is unknown, neuron apoptosis is believed to participate in neuropathy caused by acrylamide (ACR). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) exhibits an anti-apoptotic function, but its contribution to the pathogenesis of ACR neurotoxicity is unclear. We investigated adult male rats that were given 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg ACR three times/week for 4 weeks. We found that ACR treatment caused significant deficits in sensory/motor function as measured by gait score, landing foot spread distance, movement initiation test and tail immersion test. Histological examination showed that the cerebral cortex in all ACR treated animals exhibited fewer neurons and more condensed nuclei than normal cortex. A significant increase in apoptosis was found in the cerebral cortex of rat brains subjected to ACR treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of TERT in the brain was significantly reduced by ACR treatment. The pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 protein level was increased, while the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein level was decreased by 30 - 50 mg/kg ACR. Our findings indicate that TERT and its downstream regulators of neuron apoptosis, including Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3, were involved in ACR neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - M Y Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - S Q Xu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - J Cheng
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - Z J Yu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - X M Hu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,c College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences , Shanghai , China
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17
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Chepelev NL, Gagné R, Maynor T, Kuo B, Hobbs CA, Recio L, Yauk CL. Transcriptional profiling of male CD-1 mouse lungs and Harderian glands supports the involvement of calcium signaling in acrylamide-induced tumors. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:75-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Kumar J, Das S, Teoh SL. Dietary Acrylamide and the Risks of Developing Cancer: Facts to Ponder. Front Nutr 2018; 5:14. [PMID: 29541638 PMCID: PMC5835509 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a water soluble white crystalline solid commonly used in industries. It was listed as an industrial chemical with potential carcinogenic properties. However to date, AA was used to produce polyacrylamide polymer, which was widely used as a coagulant in water treatment; additives during papermaking; grouting material for dams, tunnels, and other underground building constructions. AA in food could be formed during high-temperature cooking via several mechanisms, i.e., formation via acrylic acid which may be derived from the degradation of lipid, carbohydrates, or free amino acids; formation via the dehydration/decarboxylation of organic acids (malic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid); and direct formation from amino acids. The big debate is whether this compound is toxic to human beings or not. In the present review, we discuss the formation of AA in food products, its consumption, and possible link to the development of any cancers. We discuss the body enzymatic influence on AA and mechanism of action of AA on hormone, calcium signaling pathways, and cytoskeletal filaments. We also highlight the deleterious effects of AA on nervous system, reproductive system, immune system, and the liver. The present and future mitigation strategies are also discussed. The present review on AA may be beneficial for researchers, food industry, and also medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Rietjens IMCM, Dussort P, Günther H, Hanlon P, Honda H, Mally A, O'Hagan S, Scholz G, Seidel A, Swenberg J, Teeguarden J, Eisenbrand G. Exposure assessment of process-related contaminants in food by biomarker monitoring. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:15-40. [PMID: 29302712 PMCID: PMC5773647 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure assessment is a fundamental part of the risk assessment paradigm, but can often present a number of challenges and uncertainties. This is especially the case for process contaminants formed during the processing, e.g. heating of food, since they are in part highly reactive and/or volatile, thus making exposure assessment by analysing contents in food unreliable. New approaches are therefore required to accurately assess consumer exposure and thus better inform the risk assessment. Such novel approaches may include the use of biomarkers, physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling-facilitated reverse dosimetry, and/or duplicate diet studies. This review focuses on the state of the art with respect to the use of biomarkers of exposure for the process contaminants acrylamide, 3-MCPD esters, glycidyl esters, furan and acrolein. From the overview presented, it becomes clear that the field of assessing human exposure to process-related contaminants in food by biomarker monitoring is promising and strongly developing. The current state of the art as well as the existing data gaps and challenges for the future were defined. They include (1) using PBK modelling and duplicate diet studies to establish, preferably in humans, correlations between external exposure and biomarkers; (2) elucidation of the possible endogenous formation of the process-related contaminants and the resulting biomarker levels; (3) the influence of inter-individual variations and how to include that in the biomarker-based exposure predictions; (4) the correction for confounding factors; (5) the value of the different biomarkers in relation to exposure scenario's and risk assessment, and (6) the possibilities of novel methodologies. In spite of these challenges it can be concluded that biomarker-based exposure assessment provides a unique opportunity to more accurately assess consumer exposure to process-related contaminants in food and thus to better inform risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Dussort
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Helmut Günther
- Mondelēz International, Postfach 10 78 40, 28078, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paul Hanlon
- Abbott Nutrition, 3300 Stelzer Road, Dept. 104070, Bldg. RP3-2, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA
| | - Hiroshi Honda
- KAO Corporation, R&D Safety Science Research, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321 3497, Japan
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sue O'Hagan
- PepsiCo Europe, 4 Leycroft Road, Leicester, LE4 1ET, UK
| | - Gabriele Scholz
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO Box 44, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, Lurup 4, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - James Swenberg
- Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill Cancer Genetics, 253c Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin Teeguarden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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20
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Transcriptional profiling of male F344 rats suggests the involvement of calcium signaling in the mode of action of acrylamide-induced thyroid cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:186-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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