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Saintila J, Pizarro-Ramírez EL, Acosta Enríquez ME, Zanga-Céspedes M, Calizaya-Milla YE. Religious Involvement, Vegetarian Diet, and Mental Well-Being Among Seventh-day Adventists in Peru. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02071-y. [PMID: 38831207 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental well-being is conditioned by several factors, including religious involvement and diet. However, this evidence does not exist among members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) in Latin America, particularly Peru. This study evaluated the association between religious involvement and vegetarian diet with mental well-being in members of the SDA Church in Peru. In this cross-sectional study, the sample included 767 participants, aged 18 to 59 years. A face-to-face and online survey was administered that included information on the dietary regimen and sociodemographic characteristics. Religious involvement and mental well-being were measured using the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), respectively. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the factors associated with mental well-being. Being female (β = 1.80, p < 0.001), coming from the highland region (β = 1.98, p < 0.001), having a basic educational degree (β = 1.85, p < 0.001), a higher level of religious involvement (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), and being vegetarian (β = 1.21, p < 0.001) were associated with greater mental well-being. This evidence highlights the implication of religious participation and a vegetarian diet in mental health, not only among SDA church members but also in a broader context. However, it should be recognized that direct transfer of church-based health promotion interventions and strategies to the general population can present challenges; therefore, it is suggested that these strategies should be adapted and adjusted to consider differences in the community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Research Group for Nutrition and Healthy Behaviors, School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Km 5, Carretera a Pimentel, 14001, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru.
| | | | | | | | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, School of Human Nutrition, Universidad Peruana Unión, Chosica, Lima 15, Peru.
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Saintila J, Carranza-Cubas SP, Serpa-Barrientos A, Carranza Esteban RF, Cunza-Aranzábal DF, Calizaya-Milla YE. Depression, Anxiety, Emotional Eating, and Body Mass Index among Self-Reported Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peruvian Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1663. [PMID: 38892596 PMCID: PMC11174459 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vegetarianism is commonly associated with various health benefits. However, the association between this dietary regimen and aspects of mental health remains ambiguous. This study compared the symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional eating (EmE), and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 768 Peruvian adults, of whom 284 (37%) were vegetarians and 484 (63%) were non-vegetarians. The Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), and an EmE questionnaire were applied; additionally, the BMI was calculated. Simple and multiple linear regression and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, EmE, and BMI with dietary patterns. Results: The vegetarians (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.31; p < 0.001) reported more depressive symptoms than the non-vegetarians. This trend persisted for anxiety, with an adjusted PR of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.01-0.29; p = 0.012). However, the vegetarians (adjusted PR = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.61--0.14; p < 0.001) reported lower EmE scores compared to the non-vegetarians. Likewise, the vegetarians had a lower mean BMI than the non-vegetarians (B = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.21--0.08; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vegetarian diets are associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as lower EmE and BMI scores. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate these associations and determine causality and the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renzo Felipe Carranza Esteban
- Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru;
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Saintila J, Ruiz Mamani PG, Ramos-Vera C, Serpa-Barrientos A, Oblitas-Guerrero SM, Lizarraga-De-Maguiña IG, Calizaya-Milla YE. Intake of foods high in saturated fats, vegetarian dietary pattern, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with body weight in Peruvian university students. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1361091. [PMID: 38571749 PMCID: PMC10987770 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1361091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity continues to increase among university students and the general population. Consumption of a diet high in saturated fats could be one of the risk factors. Objective The consumption of foods high in saturated fats, the vegetarian diet pattern, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with excess body weight (overweight/obesity) were evaluated in Peruvian university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out selecting 5,608 Peruvian university students through no probabilistic convenience sampling. The survey was carried out during the months of February and April 2022. The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between diet (saturated fats intake and dietary pattern) and sociodemographic factors with excess body weight in a cross-sectional analysis. Results It was observed that students who reported high consumption of foods high in saturated fats (ORB = 1.14) and those who had a non-vegetarian dietary pattern (ORB = 2.76) were found to be more likely to have excess body weight. On the contrary, students who reported adherence to the vegetarian diet pattern for more than 5 years were less likely to be overweight or obese (ORB = 0.84). Being ≥26 years of age (ORB = 3.28), living in urban areas (ORB = 1.68) and coastal areas of the country (ORB = 1.17), and enrolled in the engineering faculty (ORB = 1.19), were significantly associated with excess body weight. Conclusion The findings of the current study evidenced several factors associated with excess body weight in university students. Therefore, it is necessary to promote and implement healthy lifestyle programs, considering sociodemographic and dietary aspects such as age and dietary intake to control and prevent obesity in university students.
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Saintila J, Rojas-Humpire R, Newball-Noriega EE, Huancahuire-Vega S, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Calizaya-Milla YE. Analysis of adherence to a healthy lifestyle among vegetarian and non-vegetarian Peruvian university students: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299317. [PMID: 38394083 PMCID: PMC10889614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that a healthy lifestyle can promote physical and mental well-being in the general population. However, there are few studies that assess the adherence to a healthy lifestyle in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in adherence to a healthy lifestyle between vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out considering data from 6,846 students selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Peruvian validation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI), was used. In addition, sociodemographic and anthropometric data such as weight and height were collected. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. RESULTS Semi-vegetarian and vegetarian students had a high healthy lifestyle score compared to non-vegetarians. In addition, vegetarian diets showed a significantly higher proportion among students with a lower BMI (normal and underweight). Students with excess body weight (overweight and obesity) were less likely to report healthy lifestyle. In the overall population analyzed, it was observed that the levels of health and lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise and sunlight exposure, were mostly moderate and low. Additionally, sweets intake was high, while healthy food consumption such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains was low. CONCLUSION The current findings show that although vegetarians had better adherence to a healthy lifestyle, interventions in the university setting are needed to improve healthy lifestyle in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Doctorado en Nutrición y Alimentos, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad San Ignacio De Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, School of Human Nutrition, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
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Soh BXP, Smith NW, R von Hurst P, McNabb WC. Evaluation of Protein Adequacy From Plant-Based Dietary Scenarios in Simulation Studies: A Narrative Review. J Nutr 2024; 154:300-313. [PMID: 38000662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a diet high in plant foods can provide beneficial nutritional outcomes, unbalanced and restrictive plant-based diets may cause nutrient deficiencies. Protein intake from these diets is widely discussed, but the comparison of animal and plant proteins often disregards amino acid composition and digestibility as measurements of protein quality. Poor provision of high-quality protein may result in adverse outcomes, especially for individuals with increased nutrient requirements. Several dietary modeling studies have examined protein adequacy when animal-sourced proteins are replaced with traditional and novel plant proteins, but no review consolidating these findings are available. This narrative review aimed to summarize the approaches of modeling studies for protein intake and protein quality when animal-sourced proteins are replaced with plant foods in diet simulations and examine how these factors vary across age groups. A total of 23 studies using dietary models to predict protein contribution from plant proteins were consolidated and categorized into the following themes-protein intake, protein quality, novel plant-based alternatives, and plant-based diets in special populations. Protein intake from plant-based diet simulations was lower than from diets with animal-sourced foods but met country-specific nutrient requirements. However, protein adequacy from some plant-sourced foods were not met for simulated diets of children and older adults. Reduced amino acid adequacy was observed with increasing intake of plant foods in some scenarios. Protein adequacy was generally dependent on the choice of substitution with legumes, nuts, and seeds providing greater protein intake and quality than cereals. Complete replacement of animal to plant-sourced foods reduced protein adequacy when compared with baseline diets and partial replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Xue Patricia Soh
- Sustainable Nutrition Initiative, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Smith
- Sustainable Nutrition Initiative, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pamela R von Hurst
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Sustainable Nutrition Initiative, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Vilchez-Chavez AF, Bernal Altamirano E, Morales-García WC, Sairitupa-Sanchez L, Morales-García SB, Saintila J. Healthy Habits Factors and Stress Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in a Peruvian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:2691-2700. [PMID: 37720270 PMCID: PMC10505026 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s412962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy habits contribute to the prevention of diseases and, therefore, improve the health-related quality of life of people. However, stress is one of the main risk factors associated with serious health problems in the individual. Therefore, the literature suggests a relationship between healthy habits, stress, and health-related quality of life. Objective To assess the factors of healthy habits and stress associated with health-related quality of life in a Peruvian adult population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 540 Peruvian citizens aged between 18 and 60 years. A questionnaire was applied on the Google Forms platform to be completed online, using the "Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire" and the PSS-4 to assess healthy habits and stress, respectively. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQol-5D. Results In the multivariate analysis, stress was the most associated factor with quality of life. Physical activity, drug consumption, tobacco consumption, rest habits, and a balanced diet were healthy habits associated with quality of life. Conclusion Physical activity, rest habits, and a balanced diet improve health-related quality of life, while drug or tobacco consumption and stress are associated with a lower health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacksaint Saintila
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Señor de Sipan University, Chiclayo, Peru
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Ramirez Luque DB, Rocha Huaman NL, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Ramos-Vera C, Saintila J. Body Self-Perception, Dietary Self-Efficacy, and Body Mass Index in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:193-202. [PMID: 36699341 PMCID: PMC9869799 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s395281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Body self-perception and dietary self-efficacy may represent an important factor in the prevention of excess body weight. Purpose This study evaluated body self-perception, dietary self-efficacy, and body mass index (BMI) in the Peruvian population. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 190 men and 210 women. Each participant was shown 9 Stunkard anatomical silhouettes corresponding to BMI values. The results obtained were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. The Dieting Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE) was also applied. Chi-square statistic, Kruskal-Wallis, Student t-test, and ANOVA were used to explore differences in means and proportions. Results Age was significantly higher in those who underestimated their weight and who were dissatisfied with their body (p = 0.000). BMI was higher in men, most were dissatisfied with their body (p<0.05), and were more likely to underestimate their weight compared to women (p = 0.000). Those participants who were dissatisfied with their body and who underestimated their weight were more likely to have an elevated BMI compared to those who were satisfied and who did not underestimate their weight. All participants had low dietary self-efficacy (LDSE), with a little higher proportion in men compared to women (62.6% vs 61.4%). The majority (45.9%) reported little confidence to resist high-calorie food temptations. More than half of the participants reported body dissatisfaction and LDSE, this was more frequent in men compared to women. Conclusion It is necessary to develop and implement preventive measures to improve self-perception of the body, taking into account factors such as gender, age, and eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacksaint Saintila
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú,Correspondence: Jacksaint Saintila, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, 14001, Lambayeque, Perú, Email
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Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Elejabo-Pacheco AA, Sandoval-Valentin GA, Rodriguez-Panta SG. Association Between Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Regimen, and Excess Body Weight in Primary School Teachers. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2331-2339. [PMID: 36267850 PMCID: PMC9578462 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s385713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peru is one of the developing countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America and Caribbean region. Primary school teachers are identified as a high-risk group for overweight and obesity. However, studies conducted in this population group are limited. This study evaluated the association between nutritional knowledge, dietary regimen, and excess body weight in primary school teachers. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 151 teachers from two state schools in the eastern region of Lima, Peru. The level of nutritional knowledge was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Dietary regimen was also determined. The body mass index (BMI) was determined through self-reported weight and height. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between possible risk factors with excess body weight among teachers. Results Inadequate nutritional knowledge level (AOR = 5.21, 95% CI: 1.31–20.93), being male teachers (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.13–4.45), and being married (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.17–5.30) were the significant predictors of excess body weight. In contrast, vegetarian teachers were less likely to have excess body weight (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97). Conclusion Future intervention programs should include improving nutritional knowledge with greater attention to male and married teachers to decrease the risk of excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Medical School, Señor De Sipán University, Chiclayo, Peru,Correspondence: Jacksaint Saintila, Medical School, Señor De Sipán University, Km 5, Carretera a Pimentel, Chiclayo, 14001, Peru, Email
| | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru,Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla, Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Km 19, Carretera Central, Lima, 15033, Peru, Email
| | - Sergio E Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Ashly A Elejabo-Pacheco
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Shirley G Rodriguez-Panta
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Human Nutrition School, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
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Koeder C, Perez-Cueto FJA. Vegan nutrition: a preliminary guide for health professionals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:670-707. [PMID: 35959711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
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Dietary Regimen, Overweight, and Obesity in Human Nutrition Students and Other Majors: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:9957690. [PMID: 35371567 PMCID: PMC8967553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9957690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Choosing a healthy diet is an increasingly a challenge for university students. The objective of this study was to compare diet and overweight/obesity in human nutrition students (HNS) and students of other careers (SOC) from a university located in Lima, Peru. Methods It was a cross-sectional study consisting of 158 students out of an initial sample of 170. Information was collected on the sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics of the participants and a validated questionnaire was applied to evaluate the frequency of food consumption. Results There was no significant difference in diet between HNS and SOC (p > 0.05). HNS most frequently consumed yellow/orange vegetables (p = 0.020), purple vegetables (p = 0.049), citrus fruits (p = 0.029), eggs (p = 0.002), whole milk (p = 0.013), yogurt (p = 0.017), tofu (p = 0.003), olive oil (p = 0.003), other vegetable oils (p < 0.001), and alcoholic beverages (p = 0.037) than SOC. In contrast, HNS had a lower frequency of nonfried tuber intake (p = 0.039), fried tubers (p < 0.001), milk desserts (p = 0.048), flour fritters (p = 0.027), cookies with chocolate (p = 0.050), croissants (p = 0.030), cookies with filling (p = 0.024), candies (p = 0.006), and soda (p = 0.016) than SOC. Overweight/obesity was not different between HNS and SOC (p > 0.05). Conclusions This study found significant differences in the consumption of some foods between HNS and SOC. However, it found no significant difference in diet and overweight/obesity between HNS and SOC.
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Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Brañes-Ruiz DE, Nunura-Figueroa PR, Chávez-Hernández TC, Bautista-Mayuri VA, Santisteban-Murga LNR, Calizaya-Milla SE, Baquedano-Santana LE. Relationship Between Dietary Self-Efficacy and Religiosity Among Seventh-Day Adventists in Peru. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:259-269. [PMID: 35210784 PMCID: PMC8860354 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s350990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most of the studies involving members of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church (SDA) have been conducted in the United States and Canada. Aim The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between dietary self-efficacy and religiosity among SDA members in Peru. Methods In this online cross-sectional study, 403 participants aged 18 to 59 years selected by convenience were included. The data collected included sociodemographic information. In addition, the Dietary Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE) and the Duke University Index of Religion (DUREL) were administered. A correlation analysis was performed and multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between religiosity, dietary self-efficacy, and sociodemographic variables. Results Dietary self-efficacy was significantly negatively correlated with all dimensions of religiosity, ie, organized religious activities (ORA), non-organized religious activities (NORA), and intrinsic religiosity (IR). In addition, participants had high dietary self-efficacy and religiosity. Conclusion Although religiosity dimensions did not significantly predict dietary self-efficacy, however, the non-organized religious activities dimension was the strongest predictor of dietary self-efficacy among Adventists in Peru. The present study will serve as a basis for future research to further investigate the potential positive effect of religiosity on the improvement a healthy diet and possible changes in the physical and mental health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
- Correspondence: Jacksaint Saintila, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Chosica, Lima, 15, Perú, Tel +51 991 354 542, Email
| | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Digna E Brañes-Ruiz
- Departamento de capellanía, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Pedro R Nunura-Figueroa
- Departamento de capellanía, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Treisy C Chávez-Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Vasthy A Bautista-Mayuri
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Luz N R Santisteban-Murga
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Sergio E Calizaya-Milla
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Laura E Baquedano-Santana
- Escuela de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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Nuñez-Leyva RE, Lozano-López TE, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Saintila J. Excess Weight and Body Fat Percentage Associated with Waist Circumference as a Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in University Students. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:1310030. [PMID: 35036024 PMCID: PMC8754593 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1310030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most important public health problems for university students. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF) with waist circumference (WC) as a cardiometabolic risk factor (CMR) among university students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2,048 students from a private university located in Lima, Peru. Anthropometric data (weight, height, %BF, and WC) were collected. Chi-square test was used. Association analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The findings indicated that 36.9% and 61.1% of men were overweight and had higher %BF, respectively, compared to women. Women (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.29), Peruvian students (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39, 0.90), and students enrolled in the faculty of health sciences (OR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62, 0.94) are less likely to manifest CMR. Also, excess body weight (OR, 17.28; 95% CI, 13.21, 22.59) and a high %BF (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 3.55, 5.84) were strongly associated with CMR. CONCLUSION CMRs are a public health problem among university students. Therefore, it is important to carry out healthy lifestyle programs to promote better control and prevention, particularly among male students and those who have excess weight and body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto E. Nuñez-Leyva
- Escuela de Posgrado, Unidad de Posgrado Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Tabita E. Lozano-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio E. Calizaya-Milla
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Jacksaint Saintila
- Escuela de Posgrado, Unidad de Posgrado Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida, Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
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