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Hamidi SH, Etebar N, Rahimzadegan M, Zali A, Roodsari SR, Niknazar S. Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in multiple sclerosis disease: from paper to practice. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1643-1671. [PMID: 38977625 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current medicines are not sufficient to control the inflammation and progressive damage to the CNS that is known in MS. These drawbacks highlight the need for novel treatment options. Cell therapy can now be used to treat complex diseases when conventional therapies are ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a diverse group of multipotential non-hematopoietic stromal cells which have immunomodulatory, neurogenesis, and remyelinating capacity. Their advantageous effects mainly rely on paracrine, cell-cell communication and differentiation properties which introduced them as excellent candidates for MS therapy. Exosomes, as one of the MSCs secretomes, have unique properties that make them highly promising candidates for innovative approach in regenerative medicine. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their derived exosomes as a novel treatment for MS, highlighting the differences between these two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hootan Hamidi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Acharya BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Negar Etebar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahmati Roodsari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vaheb S, Afshin S, Ghoshouni H, Ghaffary EM, Farzan M, Shaygannejad V, Thapa S, Zabeti A, Mirmosayyeb O. Neurological efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS): An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 87:105681. [PMID: 38838423 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis (MS) aim to suppress the immune response and reduce relapse rates. As alternative treatments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored. MSCs show promise in repairing nerve tissue and reducing autoimmune responses in people with MS (pwMS). OBJECTIVE This review delves into the literature on the efficacy and safety of MSC therapy for pwMS. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant articles from five databases until January 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed interventional studies. Efficacy and safety data concerning MSC therapy in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and primary progressive MS (PPMS) groups were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis encompassing 30 studies revealed that individuals who underwent intrathecal (IT) protocol-based transplantation of MSCs experienced a noteworthy improvement in their expanded disability status scale (EDSS) compared to the placebo group. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was -0.28; 95 % CI -0.53 to -0.03, I2 = 0 %, p-value = 0.028); however, the intravenous (IV) group did not show significant changes in EDSS scores. The annualized relapse rate (ARR) did not significantly decrease among pwMS (WMD = -0.34; 95 % CI -1.05 to 0.38, I2 = 98 %, p-value = 0.357). Favorable results were observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with only 19.11 % of pwMS showing contrast-enhanced lesions (CEL) in the short term and no long-term MRI activity. The most common complications in both short-term and long-term follow-ups were infection, back pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the safety potential of MSC therapy for pwMS. While MRI-based neural regeneration shows significant treatment potential, the effectiveness of MSC therapy remains uncertain due to study limitations and ineffective outcome measures. Further research is needed to establish efficacy and optimize evaluation methods for MSC therapy on pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Vaheb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahra Afshin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghoshouni
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Moases Ghaffary
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahour Farzan
- Students Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sangharsha Thapa
- Jacobs School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Department of Neurology, Buffalo, USA
| | - Aram Zabeti
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Harris VK, Stark J, Williams A, Roche M, Malin M, Kumar A, Carlson AL, Kizilbash C, Wollowitz J, Andy C, Gerber LM, Sadiq SA. Efficacy of intrathecal mesenchymal stem cell-neural progenitor therapy in progressive MS: results from a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:151. [PMID: 38783390 PMCID: PMC11119709 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell-neural progenitors (MSC-NPs) are a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ex vivo manipulated cell product with therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to determine efficacy of intrathecal (IT) MSC-NP treatment in patients with progressive MS. METHODS The study is a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a compassionate crossover design conducted at a single site. Subjects were stratified according to baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (3.0-6.5) and disease subtype (secondary or primary progressive MS) and randomized into either treatment or placebo group to receive six IT injections of autologous MSC-NPs or saline every two months. The primary outcome was EDSS Plus, defined by improvement in EDSS, timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) or nine-hole peg test. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of EDSS Plus, the six-minute walk test (6MWT), urodynamics testing, and brain atrophy measurement. RESULTS Subjects were randomized into MSC-NP (n = 27) or saline (n = 27) groups. There was no difference in EDSS Plus improvement between the MSC-NP (33%) and saline (37%) groups. Exploratory subgroup analysis demonstrated that in subjects who require assistance for ambulation (EDSS 6.0-6.5) there was a significantly higher percentage of improvement in T25FW and 6MWT in the MSC-NP group (3.7% ± 23.1% and - 9.2% ± 18.2%) compared to the saline group (-54.4% ± 70.5% and - 32.1% ± 30.0%), (p = 0.030 and p = 0.036, respectively). IT-MSC-NP treatment was also associated with improved bladder function and reduced rate of grey matter atrophy on brain MRI. Biomarker analysis demonstrated increased MMP9 and decreased CCL2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid following treatment. CONCLUSION Results from exploratory outcomes suggest that IT-MSC-NP treatment may be associated with a therapeutic response in a subgroup of MS patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03355365, registered November 14, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03355365?term=NCT03355365&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine K Harris
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - James Stark
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Armistead Williams
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Morgan Roche
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Michaela Malin
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Anjali Kumar
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Alyssa L Carlson
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Cara Kizilbash
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Jaina Wollowitz
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Caroline Andy
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda M Gerber
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saud A Sadiq
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA.
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Alkhazaali-Ali Z, Sahab-Negah S, Boroumand AR, Farkhad NK, Khodadoust MA, Tavakol-Afshari J. Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantations in ALS Patients by Investigating Patients' Specific Immunological and Biochemical Biomarkers. Diseases 2024; 12:99. [PMID: 38785754 PMCID: PMC11120501 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease. There are vigorous attempts to develop treatments to reduce the effects of this disease, and among these treatments is the transplantation of stem cells. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy cohort as a promising novel treatment modality by estimating some additional new parameters, such as immunological and biochemical factors. METHODS This study was designed as an open-label, one-arm cohort retrospective study to evaluate potential diagnostic biomarkers of repeated infusions of autologous-bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in 15 confirmed patients with ALS, administered at a dose of 1 × 106 cells/kg BW with a one-month interval, in equal amounts in both an intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) capacity simultaneously, via various biochemical (iron (Fe), ferritin, total-iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, and creatine kinase (CK)) and immunological parameters (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels, evaluated during the three-month follow-up period in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS Our study indicated that, in the case of immunological biomarkers, TNF-α levels in the CSF showed a significant decrease at month three after transplantation compared with levels at month zero, and the p-value was p < 0.01. No statistically significant changes were observed for other immunological as well as biochemical parameters and a p-value of p > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These results can indicate the potential benefit of stem cell transfusion in patients with ALS and suggest some diagnostic biomarkers. Several studies are required to approve these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alkhazaali-Ali
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (S.S.-N.); (A.R.B.)
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1708310, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Boroumand
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (S.S.-N.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Khodadoust
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Jalil Tavakol-Afshari
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
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Siwek T, Zwiernik B, Jezierska-Woźniak K, Jezierska K, Mycko MP, Selmaj KW. Intrathecal administration of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with adrenomyeloneuropathy. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1345503. [PMID: 38370525 PMCID: PMC10869536 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1345503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives X-linked adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with mutations in the ABCD1 gene and the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLFCAs) in plasma and tissues. Currently, there is no effective treatment for AMN. We have aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in patients with AMN. Methods This is a small cohort open-label study with patients with AMN diagnosed and treated at the University Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland. All patients met clinical, biochemical, MRI, and neuropsychological criteria for AMN. MSCs derived from Wharton jelly, 20 × 106 cells, were administered intrathecally three times every 2 months, and patients were followed up for an additional 3 months. The primary outcome measures included a blinded assessment of lower limb muscle strength with the Medical Research Council Manual Muscle Testing scale at baseline and on every month visits until the end of the study. Additional outcomes included measurements of the timed 25-feet walk (T25FW) and VLFCA serum ratio. Results Three male patients with AMN with an age range of 26-37 years participated in this study. All patients experienced increased muscle strength in the lower limbs at the end of the study versus baseline. The power grade increased by 25-43% at the baseline. In addition, all patients showed an improvement trend in walking speed measured with the T25FW test. Treatment with MSCs in patients with AMN appeared to be safe and well tolerated. Discussion The results of this study demonstrated that intrathecal administration of WJ-MSC improves motor symptoms in patients with AMN. The current findings lend support to the safety and feasibility of MSC therapy as a potentially viable treatment option for patients with AMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Siwek
- Department of Neurology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- University Hospital, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Zwiernik
- Department of Neurology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- University Hospital, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jezierska-Woźniak
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamila Jezierska
- University Hospital, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin P. Mycko
- Department of Neurology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- University Hospital, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof W. Selmaj
- Department of Neurology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Center of Neurology, Lodz, Poland
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Gavasso S, Kråkenes T, Olsen H, Evjenth EC, Ytterdal M, Haugsøen JB, Kvistad CE. The Therapeutic Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in MS-A Review Focusing on Neuroprotective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1365. [PMID: 38338644 PMCID: PMC10855165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a great need for treatment with the ability to suppress compartmentalized inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) and to promote remyelination and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapeutic option, as they have been shown to migrate to the site of CNS injury and exert neuroprotective properties, including immunomodulation, neurotrophic factor secretion, and endogenous neural stem cell stimulation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms and discusses the translation of MSC transplantation and their derivatives from pre-clinical demyelinating models to clinical trials with MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Kråkenes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Claire Evjenth
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Ytterdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonas Bull Haugsøen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher Elnan Kvistad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (T.K.); (H.O.); (E.C.E.); (J.B.H.); (C.E.K.)
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Islam MA, Alam SS, Kundu S, Ahmed S, Sultana S, Patar A, Hossan T. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6311. [PMID: 37834955 PMCID: PMC10573670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The assurance of safety and effectiveness is a significant focal point in all therapeutic approaches. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis (MS), existing evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of this strategy remains inconclusive. Thus, the primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of MSC therapy in individuals diagnosed with MS. A comprehensive search was conducted using appropriate keywords in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to determine the eligible studies. The change in the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score from baseline to follow-up was used to assess MSC efficacy. The effectiveness of the therapy was assessed using a random-effects model, which calculated the combined prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MS patients who experienced improvement, stability, or worsening of their condition. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020209671). The findings indicate that 40.4% (95% CI: 30.6-50.2) of MS patients exhibited improvements following MSC therapy, 32.8% (95% CI: 25.5-40.1) remained stable, and 18.1% (95% CI: 12.0-24.2) experienced a worsening of their condition. Although no major complications were observed, headaches 57.6 [37.9-77.3] and fever 53.1 [20.7-85.4] were commonly reported as minor adverse events. All of the results reported in this meta-analysis are consistent and credible according to the sensitivity analyses. Regardless of different individual studies, our meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview showing the potential of MSC therapy as a possible effective treatment strategy for patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asiful Islam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sayeda Sadia Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shoumik Kundu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway St, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shabiha Sultana
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Azim Patar
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Tareq Hossan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Vasileiou ES, Fitzgerald KC. Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Updates in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:481-496. [PMID: 37402064 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on current scientific advances and emerging therapeutic approaches in the field of multiple sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). MS is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in the young adult population. Through ongoing research, an improved understanding of the disease underlying mechanisms and contributing factors has been achieved. As a result, therapeutic advancements and interventions have been developed specifically targeting the inflammatory components that influence disease outcome. Recently, a new type of immunomodulatory treatment, known as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, has surfaced as a promising tool to combat disease outcomes. Additionally, there is a renewed interested in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a major potentiator of MS. Current research efforts are focused on addressing the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, particularly with respect to non-inflammatory drivers. Significant and compelling evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MS is complex and requires a comprehensive, multilevel intervention strategy. This review aims to provide an overview of MS pathophysiology and highlights the most recent advances in disease-modifying therapies and other therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni S Vasileiou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Chitnis T. Multiple sclerosis in 2022: old players, new insights. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:19-21. [PMID: 36517159 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Chitnis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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