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Eliacin J, Polsinelli A, Cameron KA, Saykin AJ, Wang S. Black Americans' perceptions of Alzheimer's disease, a healthy brain, and strategies for brain health promotion. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 4:100282. [PMID: 38706495 PMCID: PMC11066679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Lack of awareness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among Black Americans may undermine their ability to identify potential AD risk. We examined Black Americans' perceptions and knowledge of AD, and views of a healthy brain, which may contribute to the development of effective and culturally sensitive strategies to address racial disparities in AD. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study, integrating a cross-sectional survey of 258 older (>55 years) Black participants and qualitative interviews with a sub-sample of N = 29. Both data sets were integrated to inform the results. Results Participants endorsed having little knowledge of AD. While most participants reported practicing a healthy lifestyle to promote a healthy brain, the range of activities listed were limited. Participants made several suggestions to increase AD awareness, which includes using AD educational materials containing information that would benefit the whole family, not only older adults. Outreach approaches that address both individual behaviors and structural factors were also encouraged. Conclusion Our findings identify ongoing needs to improve AD awareness among traditionally under-represented groups. Innovation The study utilized novel approaches to examine participants' perspectives of AD that included a diverse sample of research naïve participants, and integrated exploration of participants' views of AD and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Eliacin
- National Center for PTSD, Boston VA Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Street, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- VA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Regenstrief Institute, 1101 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10 Street, Fairbanks Hall, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, Goodman Hall, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angelina Polsinelli
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, Goodman Hall, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. 355 W 16th Street, Suite 4700, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kenzie A. Cameron
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 10 Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks Hall, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 North University Blvd. Room 0663, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 West 10th Street, HITS Building 4000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sophia Wang
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 West 16th Street, Goodman Hall, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks Hall, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Riad A, Rybakova N, Dubatouka N, Zankevich I, Klugar M, Koščík M, Drobov A. Belarusian Healthcare Professionals' Views on Monkeypox and Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1368. [PMID: 37631936 PMCID: PMC10459544 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the low transmission risk of Monkeypox (mpox) in Belarus, this study is vital as it contributes to our understanding of vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals (HCPs). It aims to assess vaccination perceptions and evaluate the willingness to pay for the vaccine among Belarusian HCPs, thereby enhancing pandemic preparedness. METHODS in October 2022, a cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among Belarusian HCPs using a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ). Invitations were disseminated via social media platforms using a snowball sampling method. The SAQ encompassed various categories, including sociodemographic details, medical history, sources of mpox information, perceived and factual mpox knowledge, and perceptions of the mpox vaccine according to the health belief model (HBM), mpox vaccine acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP). RESULTS while a large proportion of respondents had good knowledge of mpox epidemiology and its clinical manifestations, their awareness of available vaccines and treatment options was limited. Consequently, a significant correlation was found between the history of influenza vaccination and mpox-related knowledge. Furthermore, the study showed that just over half of the participants (51.4%) were willing to receive the mpox vaccine if offered for free, safely, and effectively, with their decision largely influenced by perceived benefits (Spearman's rho = 0.451) and cues to action (Spearman's rho = 0.349). However, a considerable degree of hesitancy (30.6%) and resistance (18.1%) towards the mpox vaccine was observed, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address these issues. CONCLUSIONS this study highlights a significant knowledge gap among Belarusian HCPs about mpox vaccines and treatments, despite a general awareness of the disease's epidemiology and symptoms, and it underscores the need for targeted interventions to enhance mpox knowledge and vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nadzeya Rybakova
- Medical Center of Modern Pediatrics, Chervyakova Str. 55, 220053 Minsk, Belarus; (N.R.); (N.D.)
| | - Nadzeya Dubatouka
- Medical Center of Modern Pediatrics, Chervyakova Str. 55, 220053 Minsk, Belarus; (N.R.); (N.D.)
| | - Ina Zankevich
- Bausch Health LLC, Olshevskogo Str. 22, 220073 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Koščík
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anton Drobov
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (A.D.)
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Stone ER, Parker AM, Hanks AR, Swiston RC. Thinking without knowing: Psychological and behavioral consequences of unjustified confidence regarding blackjack strategy. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1015676. [PMID: 36777209 PMCID: PMC9909440 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1015676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In two studies, we explored potential psychological and behavioral consequences of unjustified confidence, including outcome expectations, anxiety, risk taking, and information search and consideration. Study 1 employed an individual-differences approach to examine how participants' confidence regarding their knowledge of blackjack strategy, controlling for their actual knowledge, correlated with these hypothesized psychological and behavioral variables. Study 2 manipulated participants' confidence levels to examine these effects. Across the two studies, greater unjustified confidence led to larger bets (a measure of risk taking) and reduced use of hints designed to improve play (information search and consideration). Unjustified confidence also increased participants' outcome expectations and lowered anxiety levels. Implications of these findings, such as for educational interventions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Stone
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Eric R. Stone, ✉
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Riad A, Drobov A, Rozmarinová J, Drapáčová P, Klugarová J, Dušek L, Pokorná A, Klugar M. Monkeypox Knowledge and Vaccine Hesitancy of Czech Healthcare Workers: A Health Belief Model (HBM)-Based Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122022. [PMID: 36560432 PMCID: PMC9788212 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent human monkeypox virus (HMPXV) outbreak in non-endemic countries that started in May 2022 has raised concerns among public health authorities worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a decisive role during epidemics in transmitting accurate information to the public and motivating them to pursue protective behaviours, including immunisation. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in the Czech Republic in September 2022 to evaluate HMPXV-related knowledge and vaccination perceptions among HCWs. The study utilised a digital self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) to collect data from the target population. The proposed SAQ inquired about participants' sociodemographic and anamnestic characteristics, perceived knowledge of HMPXV, factual knowledge, and vaccination perceptions according to the health belief model (HBM). RESULTS A total of 341 participants were included in this study; most of them were females (88.9%), allied HCWs (89.4%), heterosexuals (87.1%), married (61.9%), and vaccinated against COVID-19 (91.2%). Only 8.8% of the participants agreed to receive vaccination against HMPXV; 44.9% rejected it, while 46.3% were hesitant. While digital news portals (47.5%) and social media (25.8%) were among the most utilised sources of information about HMPXV, the scientific journals (5.6%), ECDC (5%), and the U.S. CDC (1.5%) were the least common sources. The participants demonstrated suboptimal levels of factual knowledge, especially regarding HMPXV vaccines (1.5 ± 1.2 (0-4)) and treatments (0.9 ± 0.9 (0-4)). Additionally, several misconceptions were detectable among the participants, regarding topics such as the availability of effective vaccines and antivirals against HMPXV, the risk of vertical transmission, and homosexual stigmatisation. The HBM indicated that the cues to action and perceived susceptibility were the most important constructs to predict HMPXV vaccine acceptance. CONCLUSIONS the findings of this study call upon public health practitioners and health policymakers in the Czech Republic to act accordingly in order to determine the drivers of vaccine hesitancy among Czech HCWs. Dedicated educational campaigns should aim to counter the HCWs' misconceptions around HMPXV, and future studies should aim to explore the prevalence and drivers of HMPXV vaccine hesitancy among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Drobov
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rozmarinová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Drapáčová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kidanu AW, Shi R, Cruz-Cano R, Feldman RH, Butler J, Dyer TV, Fryer CS, Clark PI. Health Information on Waterpipe Lounge Menus to Educate Young Adults: Pilot Study Findings. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:618-628. [PMID: 34176309 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211020990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For years, tobacco risk communication has largely focused on cigarette smoking. New strategies must be developed to adapt to emerging tobacco products, such as waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS). AIMS The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the preliminary effects of health information on waterpipe lounge menus on the perceptions of harm and risk from WTS and inform future efficacy interventions for health communication (i.e., educating populations on the risks, harms, and health consequences of WTS). METHOD Participants aged 18 to 24 years (n = 213) who smoked waterpipe at least monthly were randomized to one of four waterpipe lounge menu groups using a two-by-two experimental design with "warning message" and "nicotine content" as factors. RESULTS Those who viewed waterpipe lounge menus that included a warning message had greater perceived relative harm to health and perceived risk of decreased lung function from WTS. Those who viewed waterpipe lounge menus that included nicotine content had greater perceived risk of heart attack from WTS. DISCUSSION Participants who were exposed to health warnings of WTS and information on the nicotine content of waterpipe tobacco increased on measures of perceived relative harm and risk of health consequences. CONCLUSION The pilot test results indicate promise for providing health information on waterpipe lounge menus to educate young adults on the harms and risks of WTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Shi
- Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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Does quitting intention increase by perceived risk of smoking? The effects of negative outcome expectancy, future orientation and emotional support. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Haddad C, Lahoud N, Akel M, Sacre H, Hajj A, Hallit S, Salameh P. Knowledge, attitudes, harm perception, and practice related to waterpipe smoking in Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17854-17863. [PMID: 32162227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is one of the most emerging popular trends in Lebanon, with a prevalence of 36.9%, the highest among all Middle Eastern countries. Thus, the primary objective of the study was to examine the factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) related to WPS among a representative sample of waterpipe smokers. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of KAP on cumulative waterpipe dose and dependence. This cross-sectional study was carried out between May and December 2018 and enrolled a representative sample of 1550 waterpipe smokers from all Lebanese districts. The questionnaire used was specifically designed for this study. High knowledge score (Beta = 0.02, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with higher waterpipe harm perception score. In addition, high knowledge score (Beta = 0.32, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with higher attitude score toward smoking ban. Higher waterpipe harm perception score (Beta = - 1.30, p < 0.001), higher attitude (Beta = - 0.21, p < 0.001), and higher knowledge score (Beta = - 0.11, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower waterpipe dependence. In addition, higher waterpipe dependence (Beta = 2.02, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with higher cumulative waterpipe smoking, while higher waterpipe harm perception score (Beta = - 1.96, p = 0.009) and higher knowledge score (Beta = 0.27, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower cumulative waterpipe smoking. Our main finding was that better knowledge and perception of the harmful effects of waterpipe were related to a better attitude toward smoking bans and a lower waterpipe smoking. Therefore, health care providers and policymakers should join efforts to make awareness campaigns across Lebanon and develop adequate interventions to curb the use of waterpipe among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France.
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, UMR 1094, GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France.
- CH Esquirol, Department of Psychiatry, 87025, Limoges, France.
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- CERIPH, Center for Research in Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Quality Control of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé (PTS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
- , Building 560, Street 8, Biakout, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Bashirian S, Barati M, Sharma M, Abasi H, Karami M. Predicting to reduce water pipe smoking in male adolescents: using multi theory model (MTM). JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1664653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Behavioral & Environmental Health School of Public Health, Jackson State University (Challenging Minds, Changing Lives), Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hamid Abasi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Arshad A, Matharoo J, Arshad E, Sadhra SS, Norton-Wangford R, Jawad M. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards waterpipe tobacco smoking amongst college or university students: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:439. [PMID: 31029118 PMCID: PMC6487066 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence for the harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), its use is increasing amongst college and university students worldwide. This systematic review aims to assess the knowledge of, attitudes towards and perceptions of WTS among college or university students. METHODS We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PSYCHINFO and ISI the Web of Science in October 2018, restricting our search to studies published since January 1990. We included studies among university or college students that used qualitative or quantitative methods, and addressed either knowledge, attitudes, or perceptions towards WTS. We excluded studies where WTS could not be distinguished from other forms of tobacco use and studies reported as abstracts where the full text could not be identified. Data were synthesised qualitatively and analysed data by region (global north/ south), and by reasons for use, knowledge of health hazards, how knowledge influences use, perceptions towards dependence, and policy knowledge. RESULTS Eighty-six studies were included; 45 from the global north and 41 from the global south. Socio-cultural and peer influences were major contributing factors that encouraged students to initiate WTS. Furthermore, WTS dependence had two components: psychological and social. This was compounded by the general perception that WTS is a less harmful, less addictive and more sociable alternative to cigarette smoking. Knowledge of WTS harms failed to correlate with a reduced risk of WTS use, and some students reported symptoms of WTS addiction. A large proportion of students believed that quitting WTS was easy, yet few were able to do so successfully. Finally, students believed current public health campaigns to educate on WTS harms were inadequate and, particularly in the global north, were not required. CONCLUSION Reasons for WTS amongst university students are multi-faceted. Overall, interventions at both the individual and community level, but also policy measures to portray a message of increased harm amongst students, are required. Additional studies are necessitated to understand temporal changes in students' beliefs, thus allowing for better targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Arshad
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jaideep Matharoo
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Ebrahim Arshad
- University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Simardeep Singh Sadhra
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Rosemary Norton-Wangford
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Mohammed Jawad
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Bashirian S, Barati M, Sharma M, Abasi H, Karami M. Water Pipe Smoking Reduction in the Male Adolescent Students: An Educational Intervention Using Multi-Theory Model. J Res Health Sci 2019; 19:e00438. [PMID: 31133627 PMCID: PMC6941630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water pipe smoking (WPS) has increased and is becoming a major leisure pastime among young people in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine of efficacy of an educational intervention based on Multi-Theory Model (MTM) to reduce WPS in the male adolescent students in Iran. STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. METHODS Overall, 94 male adolescent students (grades 10, 11) smoked water pipe (WP) in the past month (current WP smokers) were selected, allocated randomly in two groups (47 students in intervention group and 47 students in control group), in two different schools in 2018 in Hamadan City, western Iran. Data were collected utilizing a valid and reliable questionnaire based on MTM constructs and demographic variables. Educational intervention was designed in five 45-min sessions. Two groups were followed-up three-months after completion of intervention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software through Chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test, and Friedman test. RESULTS There were significant differences between the mean score of participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence, emotional transformation and practice for change in the intervention group compared with the control group after the intervention (P<0.001). In addition, significant reductions in the frequency of WPS (from 14.9% to 4.3%) were observed in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The developed educational intervention based on MTM constructs was efficacious and can be replicated for effectiveness studies to reduce WPS in the male adolescent students in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- 1 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- 1 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoj Sharma
- 2 Behavioral & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hamid Abasi
- 3 Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
,Correspondence: Hamid Abasi (MSc) Tel: +98 81 38380360 Fax: +98 81 38380360 E-mail:
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- 4 Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Comparing harm beliefs and risk perceptions among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: Implications for cessation and prevention. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:103-110. [PMID: 29892704 PMCID: PMC5993879 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Very little is known about how waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers compare on harm beliefs about waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and how these beliefs are related to risk appraisals and intentions to engage in WTS. We investigated these issues among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and non-susceptible nonsmokers. Methods Young adults ages 18 to 30 who smoked waterpipe tobacco during the last 30 days or never used waterpipe tobacco were recruited online through Turkprime. Nonsmokers were grouped as susceptible or not. Participants completed measures of harm beliefs, risk appraisals (i.e., perceived risks and worry), and desire to quit among smokers or willingness/curiosity to try waterpipe among nonsmokers. Results Analyses were based on 247 smokers and 418 nonsmokers. Smokers endorsed most strongly harm beliefs that portrayed WTS as safe, followed by susceptible and then non-susceptible nonsmokers. Most harm beliefs were significantly related to risk appraisals, yet weakly associated with desire to quit or willingness/curiosity to try waterpipe tobacco, except among susceptible nonsmokers. Conclusions Greater efforts are needed to correct maladaptive beliefs about WTS harms, especially among smokers. Among susceptible nonsmokers, harm beliefs may be more influential in predicting willingness to try WTS than risk appraisals. Waterpipe tobacco smokers view waterpipe tobacco smoking as safer than nonsmokers. Perceived risk correlates with many harm beliefs about waterpipe tobacco smoking. Among smokers, desire to quit is related more with perceived risk than harm beliefs. Among susceptible nonsmokers, intent to try waterpipe relates to many harm beliefs.
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Rayens MK, Ickes MJ, Butler KM, Wiggins AT, Anderson DG, Hahn EJ. University students' perceived risk of and intention to use waterpipe tobacco. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2017; 32:306-317. [PMID: 28854575 PMCID: PMC5914365 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging tobacco product use is increasing. We evaluated factors associated with perceived risk of and intention to use waterpipe tobacco by surveying students at a large university in the southeastern U.S. (N = 667). Proportional odds modeling assessed whether demographic characteristics and social acceptability are associated with perceived risk of waterpipe tobacco use; and if these factors and perceived risk are related to intention to use waterpipe tobacco. Participants who perceived waterpipe tobacco to be more socially acceptable had lower odds of perceiving it as risky (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.68). Compared with never users, former tobacco users and current users had lower odds of perceiving waterpipe tobacco use as risky (95% CI 0.38-0.80 and 0.28-0.63, respectively). Similarly, students with greater perceived social acceptability scores had higher odds of intending to use waterpipe tobacco (95% CI 1.41-2.63), while those who perceived greater risk had lower odds of intending to use it (95% CI 0.34-0.64). Compared with never users, former users had higher odds of intending to use waterpipe tobacco (95% CI 1.42-7.21). Among those who had ever used waterpipe tobacco, 90% reported 'to socialize' as the most frequent reason for deciding to do so. Findings underscore the need for future prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Rayens
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 543 CON, 751 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA
| | - Melinda J. Ickes
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, 111 Seaton Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0219, USA
| | - Karen M. Butler
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 423 CON, 751 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA
| | - Amanda T. Wiggins
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 501 E2 CON, 751 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40526-0232, USA
| | - Debra G. Anderson
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 551 CON, 751 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40526-0232, USA
| | - Ellen J. Hahn
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 2265 Harrodsburg Road, Suite 202, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
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Eshah NF, Froelicher ES. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and patterns of waterpipe use among Jordanian adults who exclusively smoke waterpipes. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2017; 17:85-92. [PMID: 28671481 DOI: 10.1177/1474515117719592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread waterpipe smoking (WPS) is reported worldwide. Although remarkable numbers of waterpipe smokers do not smoke cigarettes, very few studies have explored the phenomenon of WPS in people who smoke water pipes exclusively. The aim of this study was to assess levels of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and patterns of WPS among Jordanian waterpipe-only smokers. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive design was used; with 247 participants who were recruited through convenience sampling from 23 cafés offering waterpipes. An interview and self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULTS The average age for starting WPS was 19.4 ± 5.6 years, of whom 71% started as teenagers. Participants like WPS because they like its flavor and social environment (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). The majority of participants reported that they smoked a waterpipe for the first time with their friends (66.8%), they usually smoke in the company of others (63.2%), and believe that quitting cigarettes smoking is harder than quitting WPS (61.6%). More than half (56.7%) of participants have extremely poor knowledge about the health effects of WPS. Participants who had smoked cigarettes in the past, were more knowledgeable than those who had never smoked cigarettes. The majority of participants, and specifically women, have high positive feelings and emotions (attitude) toward WPS, and 88.3% of them reported that it is a socially acceptable behavior. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe smoking participants started WPS at an early age, and are attracted to the social environment that accompanies WPS. Participants have high positive attitude about WPS however they lack knowledge about harmful health effects of WPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika S Froelicher
- 2 Department of Physiological Nursing, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schools of Nursing & Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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Majeed BA, Sterling KL, Weaver SR, Pechacek TF, Eriksen MP. Prevalence and harm perceptions of hookah smoking among U.S. adults, 2014-2015. Addict Behav 2017; 69:78-86. [PMID: 28161620 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hookah smoking and perceptions of harm among U.S. adults. Data were pooled from the Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Surveys conducted separately in the summers of 2014 and 2015, among a probability sample selected from an online research panel. Descriptive, logistic regression, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. In 2014/2015, prevalence of ever and past 30-day hookah smoking among U.S. adults were 15.8% (95% C.I.: 15.0%, 16.7%) and 1.5% (95% C.I.: 1.2%, 1.8%), respectively. Adults who used other alternative tobacco products had a higher odds of hookah smoking than those who did not. Adults with some college education (AOR, 1.53) and with a college degree or more (AOR, 2.21), those identified as non-Hispanic other (AOR, 1.38) were more likely to be ever hookah smokers. Being a young adult (AOR, 2.7), college-educated (AOR, 2.3), never smoker (AOR, 2.1), and an ever hookah smoker (AOR, 2.8) were associated with lower perceptions of harm. Findings suggest that young college students are at higher risk of smoking hookah and that hookah smoking is more prevalent among individuals who use other tobacco products, such as little cigars and cigarillos, traditional cigars, and e-cigarettes, indicating a distinct group of users of alternative tobacco products. Regarding potential harm of hookah, the study highlights a knowledge gap and misperception especially among young, college-educated, and never smokers. Public health interventions should target these subpopulations to provide them with accurate information on hookah smoking.
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Kearney AL, White KM. Examining the psychosocial determinants of women's decisions to delay childbearing. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1776-87. [PMID: 27240695 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the psychosocial determinants of women's intentions to delay childbearing until after 35 years? SUMMARY ANSWER Attitudes, pressure from important others, perceived self-confidence and anticipated regret all influence the decision-making process of women aged 18-30 years to defer their attempts to conceive their first child until 35+ years. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Research has consistently demonstrated that, for many women, the decision to delay childbearing can lead to 'unintentional childlessness' due to a failure to consider the impact of age-related fertility decline. A large body of literature has also found strong links between age-related involuntary infertility and negative psychological impacts, including an increased prevalence of anxiety, depression, guilt, stigma and poor mental health. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study initially conducted focus groups designed to ascertain important beliefs informing participants' intentions to delay childbearing. A subsequent larger-scale quantitative questionnaire followed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants (n = 358) were female, aged between 18 and 30 years, lived in Australia, identified as being open to the idea of having children, were heterosexual, had not already had children, were not already pregnant, and had not received a diagnosis of medical infertility prior to participating. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed strong support for psychosocial predictors of attitude, pressure from others and perceived self-confidence as predictors of women's intentions to delay childbearing, accounting for 59% of total variance. The extended model that included anticipated regret, accounted for a significant additional 4.4% variance in intention to delay childbearing past the age of 35 years. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Proportionally more participants were younger, Caucasian, and were university students, thus limiting the generalizability of results to the wider Australian community. Future research in this domain is recommended to adopt a prospective design and incorporate a measure of behaviour to investigate the link between intentions to delay childbearing and future fertility behaviour. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This research augments our understanding of the decision-making process and key beliefs underlying the decision to delay childbearing. Further efforts are needed to advise young women to investigate their fertility options during the peak of their reproductive years in order to prevent negative psychological consequences associated with unintentional childlessness. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Kearney
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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Lipkus IM, Noonan D. Association between felt ambivalence and the desire to quit waterpipe use among college students. J Health Psychol 2016; 22:1780-1788. [PMID: 27020085 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316636948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
College waterpipe tobacco smokers who feel more ambivalence, that is, conflicted about its use, may have a stronger desire to quit. Using baseline survey data of 315 college waterpipe smokers, we examined this relationship. While frequency of feeling ambivalence was low, greater ambivalence was related with desire to quit ( r = .46, p < .001). This relationship remained significant after accounting for several correlates of desire to quit (e.g. perceived risk and worries about harm and addiction). Findings suggest that ambivalence may be an important independent variable linked with desire to quit and should be explored further as a factor influencing waterpipe tobacco use.
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Müller BC, Ritter SM, Glock S, Dijksterhuis A, Engels RC, van Baaren RB. Smoking-related warning messages formulated as questions positively influence short-term smoking behaviour. J Health Psychol 2014; 21:60-8. [PMID: 24567301 DOI: 10.1177/1359105314522083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research demonstrated that by reformulating smoking warnings into questions, defensive responses in smokers are reduced and smoking-related risk perception increases. We explored whether these positive outcomes can be generalised to actual behaviour. Participants saw either a movie presenting subheadings with smoking-related questions or statements. Afterwards, the time was measured until participants lit their first cigarette. Smokers who were presented with questions about the harms of smoking waited longer before lighting up a cigarette than smokers who were presented with statements. Presenting questions instead of the statements seems to be an effective means to prolonging smokers' abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cn Müller
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone M Ritter
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ap Dijksterhuis
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Cme Engels
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick B van Baaren
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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