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Gómez-Morales A, Coon DW, Joseph RP, Pipe T. Through Alzheimer's Eyes: A Virtual Pilot Intervention for Family Caregivers of People with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39012787 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2378774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a virtually delivered psychoeducational skill-building intervention for ADRD caregivers. METHODS A single-arm, pre-posttest pilot study design was employed to evaluate the intervention. Four 90-min group-based weekly sessions were combined with four individual coaching sessions via Zoom. Intervention components covered topics designed to reduce caregiver stress and distress, and a VR experience to help caregivers understand dementia. Data was gathered via REDCap pre- and post-intervention and through post-intervention interviews via Zoom. RESULTS Results (N = 20) from individual interviews, surveys, and treatment implementation strategies suggest strong feasibility and acceptability. Key change exploration indicated medium effect sizes and statistical significance in preparedness for caregiving (t(19) = 2.69, p = .015, d = 63), communication (t(19) = 2.45, p = .024, d = 0.55), and a medium effect size for the mindful attention awareness scale (t(19) = 0.48, p = (0.637, d = 0.54). Further, participants reported their perceptions of improvement in outcomes such as the ability to care, increased understanding of memory loss, and confidence. CONCLUSIONS Through Alzheimer's Eyes is a feasible and acceptable intervention that blends technology with skill-building strategies to help caregivers manage their stress and distress regardless of their location. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There is potential for interventions including VR to assist family caregivers in managing caregiving challenges and improve well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Gómez-Morales
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - David W Coon
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Rodney P Joseph
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Kokorelias KM, Chiu M, Paul S, Zhu L, Choudhury N, Craven CG, Dubrowski A, Redublo T, Kapralos B, Smith MSD, Shnall A, Sadavoy J, Burhan A. Use of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Technologies to Support Resilience and Skill-Building in Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e64082. [PMID: 39114214 PMCID: PMC11305335 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia presents a growing public health challenge with most affected individuals living at home, placing significant responsibility on their caregivers. Various interventions, from traditional support groups and education programs to emerging technologies, and more specifically virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), aim to enhance caregiver skills. While VR/AR shows promise in educating and fostering empathy among caregivers and healthcare professionals, its overall effectiveness and practicality in older adults and dementia care warrant further exploration. This review aimed to summarize currently available VR and AR interventions tailored for family caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD) in home or clinical settings, including their level of effectiveness, and to compile a summary of features that contributed to technology acceptance in family caregivers of PLWD. We conducted a systematic search in OVID PsychInfo, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and ERIC, as well as CADTH's Grey Matters, OpenGrey, National Technical Information Service, OAIster, and Health Quality Ontario, to comprehensively summarize the existing evidence underscoring the role of VR and AR in supporting education, resilience-building, and skills training for family caregivers of PLWD. The search terms were built with the assistance of a research librarian and involved synonyms for VR, AR, and dementia. Two screeners conducted a rigorous screening and data extraction to analyze and summarize findings. Studies were included if they focused on family caregivers engaging in interventions utilizing a three-dimensional VR environment and/or Metaverse for group learning in psychotherapeutic modalities such as psychoeducation, therapy, communication, and skill-building. The primary outcome of the studies was assessing measures of well-being (e.g., quality of life, communication, interaction, personhood) and learning outcomes for caregivers, while the secondary outcomes focused on identifying barriers and facilitators influencing the acceptability of VR/AR among dementia caregivers. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to summarize key trends in technology and evidence effectiveness and acceptability. Of the 1,641 articles found, 112 were included, with six articles meeting inclusion for analysis. Studies differed in duration and frequency of data collection, with interventions varying from single events to months-long programs, often employing home-based approaches using VR or online platforms. No study used AR. Usability issues and unclear benefits of use were identified as factors that hinder technology acceptance for dementia caregivers. However, technologies demonstrated engaging user experiences, fostering skill-building, confidence, and competence among caregivers. Positive psychological effects were also observed, facilitated by immersive VR and AR interventions, resulting in improved caregiver empathy and reduced stress, depression, and loneliness. VR and AR interventions for family caregivers of PLWD show the potential to enhance empathy and skills and reduce stress. Challenges such as technological limitations and user inexperience issues persist. Home-based VR training aligns with caregiver comfort but lacks focus on financial aspects and cultural competencies. Co-design approaches offer solutions by addressing user concerns and promoting end-user engagement or empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Kokorelias
- Section of Geriatrics, Sinai Health and University Health Network, Toronto, CAN
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CAN
| | - Mary Chiu
- Research & Academics, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, CAN
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, CAN
| | - Sayani Paul
- Research & Academics, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, CAN
| | - Lynn Zhu
- Research & Academics, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, CAN
| | - Nusrat Choudhury
- Medical Devices, National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, CAN
| | - Cole G Craven
- Computer Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, CAN
| | - Adam Dubrowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, CAN
- maxSIMhealth Group, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, CAN
| | - Tyler Redublo
- Translational Research Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CAN
| | - Bill Kapralos
- Software Informatics Research Centre, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, CAN
- maxSIMhealth Group, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, CAN
| | | | - Adriana Shnall
- The Koschitzky Centre for Innovations in Caregiving, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, CAN
- Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, CAN
| | - Joel Sadavoy
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, CAN
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Unviersity of Toronto, Toronto, CAN
| | - Amer Burhan
- Applied Mental Health, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Toronto, CAN
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CAN
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Folder N, Power E, Rietdijk R, Christensen I, Togher L, Parker D. The Effectiveness and Characteristics of Communication Partner Training Programs for Families of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad095. [PMID: 37439771 PMCID: PMC10949353 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Communication partner training (CPT) is essential in dementia care. Despite families being the largest group of community carers, previous reviews primarily focused on formal carers. This study aimed to understand the characteristics and effectiveness of CPT for families of people with dementia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The systematic review included intervention/protocol studies on dementia CPT for families, excluding formal carers and programs not focused on communication. CINAHL, PsycINFO, SpeechBITE, Medline, SCOPUS, and Embase were searched between November 30 and December 6, 2021. After deduplication, 3,172 records were screened. Quality assessment used JBI Critical Appraisal tools and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis utilized three reporting tools, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, and content analysis. RESULTS Of 30 studies (27 programs), there were 10 quasi-experimental, 5 RCTs, 4 mixed methods, 4 case studies, 4 qualitative, and 2 protocols. Studies were published between 1998 and 2021 and included 671 family members. Characteristics varied with 7/27 programs including consumers during creation and one program including telehealth. One study included all reporting tool criteria. Programs typically used 4 intervention functions, with 12/27 programs addressing 3 behavior change areas. 33/74 outcome measures targeted the "Environment" of the person with dementia. Studies showed positive improvements in communication skills and knowledge, with mixed results on behavior/psychosocial outcomes. Qualitative results identified improvements in conversation and attitudes. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS CPT for families improves communication outcomes, however, quality of studies varied significantly. Future research should address gaps in telehealth, consumer involvement, and intervention descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Folder
- Faculty of Health, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Power
- Faculty of Health, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachael Rietdijk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iben Christensen
- Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Leanne Togher
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Parker
- Faculty of Health, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
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Williams KN, Coleman CK, Hu J. Determining Evidence for Family Caregiver Communication: Associating Communication Behaviors With Breakdown and Repair. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2023; 63:1395-1404. [PMID: 36574501 PMCID: PMC10474591 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Communication is fundamental for dementia care. The trouble source repair (TSR) framework can identify strategies that facilitate or impede communication in dyadic interactions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A secondary analysis of videos (N = 221) from a clinical trial of a family caregiver telehealth intervention was analyzed using sequential behavioral coding of communication behaviors and breakdowns for 53 caregiver and person with dementia dyads. Coded data from 3,642 30-s observations were analyzed using penalized regression for feature selection followed by Bayesian mixed-effects modeling to identify communication strategies associated with communication breakdown and repair. RESULTS Breakdown (coded as 0) was associated with caregivers changing topic (median = -11.45, 95% credibility interval [CrI; -24.34, -4.37]), ignoring (median = -11.49, 95% CrI [-24.49, -4.72]), giving commands (median = -10.74, 95% CrI [-24.22, -3.38]), and taking over the task (median = -4.06, 95% CrI [-7.28, -1.77]). Successful repair of breakdown was associated with verbalizing understanding (median = 0.46, 95% CrI [0.09, 0.86]), tag questions, (median = 2.4, 95% CrI [0.33, 5.35]), and silence (median = 0.78, 95% CrI [0.42, 1.15]) and negatively associated with ignoring and changing topic (median = -3.63, 95% CrI [-4.81, -2.57] and -2.51 [-3.78, -1.33], respectively). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The TSR was effective in identifying specific communication strategies to avoid (changing topic, ignoring, commands, and taking over the task) and to use to repair breakdown (verbalize understanding, tag questions, and silence). Future research is needed to test these strategies and explore the potential effects of dementia stage, diagnosis, and dyad characteristics in additional samples. Behavioral coding provides evidence of communication best practices as a basis for family caregiver communication training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine N Williams
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - Carissa K Coleman
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Chesneau S, Mekary M, Chayer N, Le Dorze G. A pilot study of AID-COMp: An innovative speech-language intervention for patients with early-stage major neurocognitive disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2022; 57:524-538. [PMID: 35098609 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major neurocognitive disorder (MND) alters cognition, memory and language, and consequently affects communication. Speech-language therapy (SLT) may alleviate communication difficulties. AIMS This pilot study explored the effects of intensive SLT emphasizing memory, language, and discourse impairment and complementary communication strategies, called Aid for Communication-For Persons Who Live with MND (AID-COMp). METHODS & PROCEDURES We employed a mixed design using quantitative and qualitative methods with four dyads, including a person living with MND (PwMND) and a family carer. The design included a control period, and we tested participants before (T1) and after 2 months without therapy (T2). AID-COMp was then provided intensively three times per week for 10 sessions and participants were tested again (T3). Participants were also involved in an individual qualitative interview after therapy ended, probing their experience and possible effects on their lives. AID-COMp included: (1) spaced retrieval to teach the use of a memory book; (2) semantic and phonological therapy for lexical access; (3) discourse treatment based on the analysis of the macrostructure and microstructure of stories in pictures and texts; and (4) PACE therapy for generalization. Carers were not included in treatment, did not attend sessions and were only involved in the evaluations. Measures included language, communication, cognitive and well-being tests. Paired t-tests (one-tailed) compared scores for the control period, that is, T1 versus T2. We compared scores after therapy (T3) with those at T2. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed qualitatively. OUTCOMES & RESULTS For the control period, only text comprehension scores significantly decreased in PwMND. After therapy, improvements occurred on the Boston Naming Test (BNT), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the well-being measure for the PwMND. Carer scores were unchanged after therapy except for their perception of the PwMND's communication which improved. Qualitative findings comprised three themes: (1) understanding therapy; (2) recovering abilities and relationships; and (3) naming further needs. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS We hypothesize that AID-COMp addressed the underlying impairments associated with MND and provided various tools to PwMND for composing effectively with them. Indeed, AID-COMp appears to provoke some degree of improvement of language skills, cognition and emotional well-being. These improvements may lead to more confidence in conversation and the recovery of relationships between the PwMND and their entourage. It is also possible that improvements acted positively on one another. These preliminary findings warrant further controlled studies with more participants, including a qualitative exploration of participant experiences. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject MND affects cognition and communication, which are crucial to a good relationship between a carer and a person with MND. Interventions involving only PwMND have been shown to be effective, but do not address all the communication impairments in the mild stage of MND. These interventions may require many therapy sessions. Generally, SLT interventions do not examine the potential effects of an intervention on carers. What this paper adds to existing knowledge AID-COMp, an intensive intervention of 10 sessions over 1 month, was provided to people living with MND in the community. It included training the person with MND in using a memory notebook combined with semantic and phonological therapy, a new discourse therapy and PACE therapy, addressing several communication deficits. After a control period of 2 months without intervention and a 1-month intensive intervention, the results showed significant improvement in naming, cognition and communication, and PwMND well-being. Moreover, the carers witnessed the impacts of therapy in their everyday life interactions with the PwMND. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work AID-COMp can provide communication support for PwMND that has further benefits reported by both PwMND and carers. We described AID-COMp in detail to inspire clinicians in providing SLT for unserved PwMND. Future research studies should use controlled designs, more participants and a qualitative component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chesneau
- Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
| | - Michelle Mekary
- Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadége Chayer
- Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Guylaine Le Dorze
- Faculté de médecine, École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Perkins L, Felstead C, Stott J, Spector A. Communication training programmes for informal caregivers of people living with dementia: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:2737-2753. [PMID: 34927300 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Current research suggests that communication training programmes for caregivers of people living with dementia can benefit both parties by improving communication, quality of life and stress. Previous reviews in this area focus on mixed samples of formal and informal caregivers. This review aimed to evaluate current research for trainings specifically for informal caregivers, including the research quality and the key training components. DESIGN AND METHODS The review followed the PRISMA research reporting checklist. The electronic databases CINAHL, Embase, Medline and Psychinfo and reference lists of included literature were searched for studies relevant to the aims. Of the 45 identified studies, 36 were excluded based on pre-specified criteria. Nine studies were included in the final review and subject to quality appraisal using the Qualsyst tool. RESULTS The included studies' programmes averaged 5 to 6 hours in length over four to five sessions, were mostly face to face in both group and individual settings and were developed using various communication and psychological theories. Studies demonstrated variable quality and outcomes, making it difficult to identify optimal components. However, careful consideration of different factors enabled some suggestions for training dose, delivery method, content and outcomes to measure. CONCLUSIONS Communication training programmes can benefit people living with dementia and their informal caregivers in outcomes such as communication skills and quality of life. Suggestions are made on the training components that optimise these benefits. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Given the clear benefits on outcomes such as quality of life, there is a need for communication trainings to be offered in clinical contexts. However, given the limited pool of variable quality research and lack of accessible manuals, it is unlikely that this is the case. Consolidating and widening the evidence through further research is essential in making these trainings more widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Perkins
- School of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cerne Felstead
- School of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Stott
- School of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aimee Spector
- School of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Seike A. [How can the well-being of family caregivers of people with dementia be identified?]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2021; 58:353-362. [PMID: 34483157 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.58.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses what well-being means to caregivers and how it can be measured to confirm its acquisition by using previous research on theoretical and practical aspects.Within the field of psychology, the two types of well-being (subjective and psychological well-being) are combined to form "feeling good and functioning well", which refers to "pleasant subjective experiences, meaningful activities and the realization of human potential in an individual's life".On the other hands, a review study reported on the Global Measure of well-being, that is, depressive symptoms, mental health, QOL, satisfaction with life and health, also on caregiver-specific well-being measures that are burden, role strain, personal strain, stress, competence and self-efficacy. The majority of measures focused on the negative aspects of well-being.If there is no simple measurement tool that captures both the positive and negative aspects of well-being, a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of dementia care, so for the present there is no alternative but to using multiple tools for evaluation.The Eco-map of the Ecological Social Work method, which was used in a psycho-educational intervention for caregivers, was shown to provide a hint as to how to take a macroscopic and comprehensive view of dementia care and how to easily grasp an understanding of the well-being of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Seike
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University.,Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
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Seike A, Sumigaki C, Takeuchi S, Hagihara J, Takeda A, Becker C, Toba K, Sakurai T. Efficacy of group-based multi-component psycho-education for caregivers of people with dementia: A randomized controlled study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:561-567. [PMID: 33949065 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the ability of a group-based multi-component psycho-educational intervention (GMC-PEI) to reduce depression, and improve caregiving appraisals, coping skills of informal caregivers and the condition of people with dementia. METHODS In this randomized controlled and blinded trial, we enrolled 54 informal caregivers of people with dementia visiting the Japan National Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, and divided them into GMC-PEI and control groups. The intervention group received a 12-week GMC-PEI program that included six 2-h structured sessions to enhance their knowledge of dementia, caregiving skills and coping skills. The control group received leaflets containing information about dementia. We evaluated caregivers' depression, caregiving time, subjective burden, caregiving appraisal and care coping skills. We also evaluated people with dementia at baseline and 12 weeks, and reassessed 20 participants from the intervention group at 24 and 48 weeks. RESULTS The GMC-PEI significantly improved depression, positive appraisals of fulfillment in caregiving, affection for care recipients, self-growth and coping skills, such as seeking formal support. Depression, fulfillment and affection for people with dementia showed a peak improvement at 24 weeks; formal support-seeking showed a linear improvement throughout the 48-week follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS The group-based multi-component psycho-educational intervention reduced depression, improved self-appraisal and enhanced coping skills in caregivers. However, emotional enhancements dissipated sooner than support-seeking skills, suggesting that caregivers should be reviewed every 12-24 weeks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 561-567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Seike
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chieko Sumigaki
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takeuchi
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Hagihara
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akinori Takeda
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Carl Becker
- Unit for Science and Technology in the Public Sphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Toba
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Leavey G, Corry DS, Waterhouse-Bradley B, Curran E, Todd S, McIlfatrick S, Coates V, Watson M, Abbott A, McCrory B, McCormack B. Acceptability and use of a patient-held communication tool for people living with dementia: a longitudinal qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036249. [PMID: 32376757 PMCID: PMC7223142 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the acceptability and use of a low-cost patient-held communication tool. DESIGN Longitudinal qualitative interviews at three time points over 18 months and document content analysis. SETTING Primary and community services. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight dyads: People living with dementia in Northern Ireland and their informal carers. INTERVENTIONS A patient-held healthcare 'passport' for people living with dementia. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Acceptability and use of the passport-barriers and facilitators to successful engagement. RESULTS There was a qualified appreciation of the healthcare passport and a much more nuanced, individualistic or personalised approach to its desirability and use. How people perceive it and what they actually do with it are strongly determined by individual contexts, dementia stage and other health problems, social and family needs and capacities. We noted concerns about privacy and ambivalence about engaging with health professionals. CONCLUSION Such tools may be of use but there is a need for demanding, thoughtful and nuanced programme delivery for future implementation in dementia care. The incentivisation and commitment of general practitioners is crucial. Altering the asymmetrical relationship between professionals and patients requires more extensive attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Leavey
- Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Dagmar Suzanna Corry
- Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Emma Curran
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Stephen Todd
- Geriatrics, Altnagelvin Hospitals Health and Social Services Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | | | - Vivien Coates
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine, UK
| | - Max Watson
- Nursing and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Aine Abbott
- Integrated Care Clinic, Western Health & Social Care NHS Trust, Derry, UK
| | - Bernadine McCrory
- Chief Executive Officer, Alzheimer's Society Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
| | - Brendan McCormack
- Centre for Person-centred Practice Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Resciniti NV, Tang W, Tabassum M, Pearson JL, Spencer SM, Lohman MC, Ehlers DK, Al-Hasan D, Miller MC, Teixeira A, Friedman DB. Knowledge evaluation instruments for dementia caregiver education programs: A scoping review. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:397-413. [PMID: 32133754 PMCID: PMC7748382 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in our older adult population, there is a need for dementia training for informal and formal dementia caregivers. The objective of this scoping study is to assess dementia knowledge instruments utilized in educational programs and interventions intended for formal and informal dementia caregivers. Scoping review methodology was used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Web of Science with tailored database search terms. The search yielded 8101 results, with 35 studies meeting inclusion. Studies were conducted in eight countries, had varying study designs (randomized controlled trials [RCTs] = 9, non-RCTs = 6, one-group study design = 20) and utilized previously published (19) and author developed (16) instruments. Furthermore, the studies were internationally diverse, conducted in the United States (n = 18), Australia (n = 7), UK (n = 3), China (n = 2), Canada (n = 2), Taiwan (n = 1), Brazil (n = 1) and multi-country (n = 1). Only two studies focused on minority populations. While author-developed instruments may be more relevant and timesaving, studies should strive to validate instruments or use previously published instruments to help standardize findings across studies and understand better the effects of educational programs on caregiver knowledge. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 397-413.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V Resciniti
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Weizhou Tang
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Masroora Tabassum
- Department of Health Services Policy & Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Joseph Lee Pearson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sharon Melinda Spencer
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Matthew C Lohman
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Diane K Ehlers
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dana Al-Hasan
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Maggi C Miller
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ana Teixeira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daniela B Friedman
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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11
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Chesneau S, Faucher C, Morin G, Le Dorze G. Evaluation of AID-COM, a communication-focused program for family carers of people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study (innovative practice). DEMENTIA 2019; 20:779-790. [PMID: 31744329 DOI: 10.1177/1471301219887038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Families providing care to relatives with Alzheimer's disease are quickly destabilized by changes that disrupt communication. This pilot mixed-design study aimed to provide a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a communication-based training program for carers of people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Five participants received three training sessions. The use of communication strategies by participants and their effectiveness were evaluated before and after the training, and a focus group was conducted to gather participants' impressions about the impacts of the training on communication with the person they cared for. The AID-COM (AID for COMmunication) program appears to have met expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chesneau
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Gabrielle Morin
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Guylaine Le Dorze
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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12
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Nguyen H, Terry D, Phan H, Vickers J, McInerney F. Communication training and its effects on carer and care-receiver outcomes in dementia settings: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2018; 28:1050-1069. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nguyen
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre; College of Health and Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Daniel Terry
- Faculty of Health; Federation University; Ballarat Victoria Australia
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research; College of Health and Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - James Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre; College of Health and Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Fran McInerney
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre; College of Health and Medicine; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
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13
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Jütten LH, Mark RE, Wicherts JM, Sitskoorn MM. The Effectiveness of Psychosocial and Behavioral Interventions for Informal Dementia Caregivers: Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regressions. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:149-172. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Helena Jütten
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Elaine Mark
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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14
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Barnes CJ, Markham C. A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized and cognitive behavioural communication intervention for informal carers of people with dementia: The Talking Sense programme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2018; 53:615-627. [PMID: 29460337 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with dementia and family carers often experience difficulties communicating together. These difficulties are considered to contribute significantly to the depression, anxiety and negative feelings such as guilt often reported by dementia family carers. AIMS To develop and contribute to the theory and evidence base for single-component, psychosocial interventions that address these difficulties by evaluating the effectiveness of the Talking Sense programme which was designed to reflect existing best evidence. METHODS & PROCEDURES Talking Sense was delivered as an individualized, one to one, cognitive behavioural approach for developing knowledge, skills, thinking and behaviour of dementia family carers in managing communication difficulties. In this study, a randomized controlled trial compared 27 carers who completed three one-to-one individualized sessions using Talking Sense with 25 carers who received a single, knowledge-only, control discussion. OUTCOMES & RESULTS There were no significant differences for the primary outcome measure of carer anxiety and depression as well as carer quality of life and general self-efficacy. Statistically significant results suggested carers receiving the Talking Sense intervention had fewer communication difficulties happening (p = 0.046) and felt more valued by their relatives (p = 0.046). A score close to significance (p = 0.052) suggested they perceived their relatives to be more communicatively competent. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The intervention and research design were shown to be effective with low attrition and high adherence to treatment. A non-significant finding for the primary outcome measure does not support the potential for this intervention to effect carer anxiety and depression. The potential for perceived change in the person with dementia, with statistically fewer communication difficulties happening and the carer feeling more valued by their relative, was the most significant finding from this programme of research. Recommendations for further research are made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Markham
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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15
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Piersol CV, Jensen L, Lieberman D, Arbesman M. Occupational Therapy Interventions for People With Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Occup Ther 2018; 72:7201390010p1-7201390010p6. [PMID: 29280729 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2018.721001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence Connection articles provide a clinical application of systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA's) Evidence-Based Practice Project. In this Evidence Connection article, we describe a case report of a person with Alzheimer's disease. The occupational therapy assessment and intervention process in the home setting is described. Findings from the systematic reviews on this topic were published in the November/December 2017 issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and in AOTA's Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Major Neurocognitive Disorders. Each article in this series summarizes the evidence from the published reviews on a given topic and presents an application of the evidence to a related clinical case. Evidence Connection articles illustrate how the research evidence from the reviews can be used to inform and guide clinical reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Verrier Piersol
- Catherine Verrier Piersol, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, and Director, Jefferson Elder Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA;
| | - Lou Jensen
- Lou Jensen, OTD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Deborah Lieberman
- Deborah Lieberman, MSHA, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Director, Evidence-Based Practice Project, and Staff Liaison, Commission on Practice, American Occupational Therapy Association, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marian Arbesman
- Marian Arbesman, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, was Methodology Consultant, Evidence-Based Practice Project, American Occupational Therapy Association, Bethesda, MD. She is now President, ArbesIdeas, Williamsville, NY, and Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, NY
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16
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Williams CL, Newman D, Hammar LM. Preliminary study of a communication intervention for family caregivers and spouses with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:e343-e349. [PMID: 29105129 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to designed to examine the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of CARE: Caring About Relationships and Emotions, a 10-week, home-based, intervention to support married couples affected by dementia. METHODS Fifteen older couples participated in a single group repeated measures feasibility study. Weekly, video-recorded conversations over 10 weeks were used to rate communication using the Verbal/Nonverbal Interaction Scale for caregivers and care receivers. RESULTS Accounting for mental status of care recipients, the ratio of social to unsocial communication showed a significant improvement across sessions-an average of 4.46 points per session [β = 4.46, t(10) = 1.96, p = .039]. Spouse caregiver (CG) communication showed a significant decrease in the number of disabling communications with approximately .65 decreased comments per session [β = 0.654, t(11) = -2.61, p = .024]. CONCLUSIONS At home dyadic, relationship-focused psychoeducational intervention to improve communication in spouses affected by dementia has the potential to improve communication outcomes. Creative ways of working with couples are needed to help them sustain their relationships and maintain their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Newman
- College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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17
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Piersol CV, Canton K, Connor SE, Giller I, Lipman S, Sager S. Effectiveness of Interventions for Caregivers of People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Major Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review. Am J Occup Ther 2017; 71:7105180020p1-7105180020p10. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2017.027581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The goal of the evidence review was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease and related major neurocognitive disorders that facilitate the ability to maintain participation in the caregiver role.
METHOD. Scientific literature published in English between January 2006 and April 2014 was reviewed. Databases included MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
RESULTS. Of 2,476 records screened, 43 studies met inclusion criteria. Strong evidence shows that multicomponent psychoeducational interventions improve caregiver quality of life (QOL), confidence, and self-efficacy and reduce burden; cognitive reframing reduces caregiver anxiety, depression, and stress; communication skills training improves caregiver skill and QOL in persons with dementia; mindfulness-based training improves caregiver mental health and reduces stress and burden; and professionally led support groups enhance caregiver QOL.
CONCLUSION. Strong evidence exists for a spectrum of caregiver interventions. Translation of effective interventions into practice and evaluation of sustainability is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Verrier Piersol
- Catherine Verrier Piersol, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, and Director, Jefferson Elder Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA;
| | - Kerry Canton
- Kerry Canton, MS, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Beaumont Hospital, Taylor, MI. At the time of the systematic review, she was Student, Entry-Level Master's Program in Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan E. Connor
- Susan E. Connor, OTD, OTR/L, CCHP, is Occupational Therapist, Rutgers University Correctional Health Care, Newark, NJ. At the time of the systematic review, she was Student, Postprofessional Doctoral Program in Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ilana Giller
- Ilana Giller, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Ellicott City Healthcare Center, Ellicott City, MD. At the time of the systematic review, she was Student, Occupational Therapy Doctoral Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stacy Lipman
- Stacy Lipman, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC. At the time of the systematic review, she was Student, Postprofessional Doctoral Program in Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Suzanne Sager
- Suzanne Sager, MS, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Exceptional Rehab, Lexington, KY. At the time of the systematic review, she was Student, Entry-Level BSMS Program in Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Leavey G, Abbott A, Watson M, Todd S, Coates V, McIlfactrick S, McCormack B, Waterhouse-Bradley B, Curran E. The evaluation of a healthcare passport to improve quality of care and communication for people living with dementia (EQuIP): a protocol paper for a qualitative, longitudinal study. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:363. [PMID: 27507250 PMCID: PMC4977852 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need for the development of simple communication tools that convey the strengths, assets, and healthcare needs of people living with dementia. A Healthcare Passport may improve communication with range of health and social support services, enhancing quality and continuity of care, and to permit a consideration of the challenges and how these might be managed effectively and compassionately. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability and use of this type of intervention for people living with dementia and their carers. Methods/Design This is a qualitative longitudinal study informed by a critical realist review. The participants will be individuals identified as having mild-moderate dementia and informal carers. The in-depth interviews will occur at three points over the course of 18 months as they use the passport. This will be supplemented by analysis of the content of the passports and information from health and social care providers on the daily practicalities of using the passport in a range of healthcare settings. Discussion By using a critical realist review and a qualitative, longitudinal approach, the study allows for the assessment of a complex intervention in a manner which goes beyond evaluating the basic efficacy of the passport, but looking more deeply at how it worked, for whom, and in what context. It has the potential to develop new data on how interventions improve communication across a range of service providers, while encouraging health and social care professionals to respect and encourage the development of self-management and retention of personhood throughout the progression of life-limiting illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Leavey
- The Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland.
| | - Aine Abbott
- Royal College of Practitioners, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Max Watson
- Northern Ireland Hospice, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen Todd
- Western Health and Social Care Trust, Derry-Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Vivien Coates
- The Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Sonja McIlfactrick
- The Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Bethany Waterhouse-Bradley
- The Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Emma Curran
- The Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Craig SL, Doiron C, Dillon F. Cultivating Professional Allies for Sexual Minority Youth: A Community-Based Educational Intervention. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2015; 62:1703-21. [PMID: 26305479 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1078208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority youth (SMY) face multiple risks in their daily lives that may influence their need for supportive care. Health and social service providers have unique opportunities to provide culturally competent services to these youth. This article describes a community-based educational intervention created to increase providers' knowledge, skills, and intention to support SMY. Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, this pilot study found that for a diverse sample of multidisciplinary professionals (n = 2,850), the odds of behavioral intention (BI) to support SMY were significantly higher when trainings were relevant to the professionals' experience (OR = 1.3), were sensitive (OR = 1.3), developed skills (OR = 1.1), and incorporated policy (OR = 1.2). Implications for the delivery of community-based trainings are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley L Craig
- a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Christopher Doiron
- a Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Frank Dillon
- b Division of Counseling Psychology, Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology , University at Albany-State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
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20
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Gústafsdóttir M. The Family's Experience of Sharing the Care of a Person with Dementia with the Services in Specialized Day-Care Units. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2014; 4:344-54. [PMID: 25337077 PMCID: PMC4202610 DOI: 10.1159/000358823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Services in specialized day-care units for individuals with dementia are set up to enable these persons to live in their own home. The purpose of this paper is to discern the experiences of families with these services while caring for a close relative with dementia. METHOD Longitudinal interviews with 8 family members were conducted. In total, 25 interviews were carried out over a period of 5 years. RESULTS The experience of these families of looking after a close person with dementia appeared to be influenced by (a) the multifaceted meaning of ties, (b) the perception of purposeful relief of the day-care services and (c) the progress of the disease. CONCLUSION All families found the services of specialized day-care units both useful and pleasant. This kind of resource was shown to make everyday life much more manageable for all persons involved, most importantly for the patient with dementia.
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21
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Milne A, Guss R, Russ A. Psycho-educational support for relatives of people with a recent diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia: An evaluation of a ‘Course for Carers’. DEMENTIA 2013; 13:768-87. [DOI: 10.1177/1471301213485233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently there are 820,000 people with dementia in the UK, a figure projected to reach 1.7 million by 2050. Policy and practice emphasis on early intervention in dementia and support of family carers foreground a need to explore service efficacy for relatives of those with a recent diagnosis. Existing evidence suggests that psycho-educational interventions can significantly enhance carer well being especially when well targeted and group based. A rolling programme of seven psycho-educational Courses for ‘new carers’ in one area of England was the subject of a systematic evaluation incorporating a quantitative rating scale and qualitative data. Findings suggest that the Courses achieved a number of intersecting aims: they provided psychological support; offered advice; enhanced coping skills; boosted confidence; increased knowledge; and prepared the carer for the future. That the Courses were designed and delivered by specialist staff – primarily psychologists, offered a social dimension, were time limited and free are noteworthy features. The evaluation suggests that as a model the Course has considerable short and longer term preventive potential; also that it could be replicated elsewhere in the country and achieve similar outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reinhard Guss
- Psychology Services for Older People, Kent, UK; Kent and Medway NHS Partnership Trust, UK
- University of Kent, UK
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