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Lawrence TI, Wojciechowski TW, Allen JP, Tolentino M, Hajovsky DB. Longitudinal examination of marijuana use and physical teen dating violence: Antisocial peers and impulsivity as mediators. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 156:107016. [PMID: 39216439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown that marijuana use is often associated with physical teen dating violence. However, few studies have examined the longitudinal mediating effects of associating with antisocial peers and impulsivity on this relationship. Also, few studies have estimated the cascading developmental impact of marijuana use and antisocial peer association, predicting the continued marijuana use and antisocial peer associations while considering the risk of impulsivity in physical teen dating violence. Thus, the current study utilized the problem behavior theory and an alternative path to physical dating violence to address these limitations. OBJECTIVE The current study tested the longitudinal effects of marijuana use on physical teen dating violence and the indirect effects of antisocial peer association and impulsivity on this relationship (M = 12.29); 52.1 % of males and 47.9 % of females participated. METHODS Adolescents completed questionnaires at baseline and were assessed six months later (n = 836). Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) and cross-lagged mediation models were used first to analyze the direct effect of lifetime marijuana use on physical dating violence and antisocial peer association and impulsivity as potential mediators of this relationship. Then, the cross-lagged mediation models were used to estimate the alternative path to physical teen dating violence using lifetime marijuana use and antisocial peer association as predictors at baseline and continued antisocial peer association, marijuana use, and impulsivity at the subsequent wave as mediators. RESULTS Results suggested that marijuana use at baseline was not positively associated with physical teen dating violence over time. The association with antisocial peers but not impulsivity mediated the relationship between marijuana use and physical dating violence. Cross-lagged mediation results suggested that marijuana use at baseline positively predicted antisocial peer association in the subsequent wave, which led to an increase in physical teen dating violence. Further, antisocial peer association at baseline is positively associated with continued antisocial peer association at the subsequent wave; thus, antisocial peer association is positively related to physical teen dating violence when controlling for depressive symptoms, family support, number of dates, and parental monitoring. CONCLUSION These results suggest though marijuana use alone is not statistically associated with physical teen dating violence, it does increase the risk of antisocial social peer associations that could increase adolescents' likelihood to engage in physical teen dating violence. Further, the onset of antisocial peer association could persist over time, thus serving as a risk factor for physical teen dating violence over time.
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Zhong L, Ying Y, Zeng C, Li J, Li Y. Exploring the interplay of parenting styles, basic empathy, domestic violence, and bystander behavior in adolescent school bullying: a moderated mediation analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1452396. [PMID: 39315324 PMCID: PMC11416980 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1452396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates how parental styles, basic empathy, and family violence influence adolescents' bystander behaviors in school bullying. Methods A survey was conducted with 1,067 students from three middle schools in southern China. Multifactor logistic regression and a moderated mediation model were employed to analyze the relationships between positive and negative parental styles, basic empathy, and bystander behaviors. Results The study found significant correlations and predictive relationships: Positive parental styles were strongly associated with increased basic empathy (r = 0.29, p < 0.01) and behaviors that protect victims (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). In contrast, negative parental styles correlated positively with behaviors that support bullying (r = 0.12, p < 0.01) and instances of family violence (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). Basic empathy negatively predicted behaviors that promote bullying (β = -0.098, p < 0.01) and positively predicted protective behaviors toward victims (β = 0.249, p < 0.001). Furthermore, family violence weakened the positive effects of positive parental styles on both empathy (β = -0.075, p < 0.001) and protective behaviors (β = -0.025, p < 0.01). Conclusion The findings indicate that positive parental styles indirectly promote adolescents' victim protector behaviors by enhancing their basic empathy, underscoring the importance of emotional cultivation. Meanwhile, family violence weakens the positive impact of these parental styles on basic empathy and protective behaviors, harming adolescents' emotional security and behavioral norms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun Li
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kuskoff E, Parsell C. Bystander Intervention in Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review of Experiences and Outcomes. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1799-1813. [PMID: 37650242 PMCID: PMC11155209 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231195886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Governments across the globe are increasingly implementing policies that encourage bystanders to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) by intervening in violent or potentially violent situations. While a wealth of research examines the most effective mechanisms for increasing potential bystanders' feelings of self-efficacy and rates of intervention, there is significantly less evidence demonstrating how effective bystander intervention is at preventing or interrupting IPV. This article thus presents a scoping review of the literature examining the experiences and outcomes of bystander intervention in IPV. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, six databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2001 and 2021. A total of 13 articles were ultimately included in the review. The review highlights that although current knowledge on the topic is highly limited, the combined findings of the studies indicate that immediate responses to bystander intervention are heavily context dependent: victims (and perpetrators) tend to react differently to bystander intervention depending on the type of intervention, the type of violence being used, and their relationship to the bystander. However, we have little to no understanding of the outcomes of bystander intervention, or how these outcomes might vary across different contexts. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of the immediate and long-term implications of bystander intervention across different contexts is crucial if we are to maximize the effectiveness and minimize the potential for harm resulting from bystander interventions in IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Kuskoff
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Barroso-Corroto E, Laredo-Aguilera JA, Cobo-Cuenca AI, Carmona-Torres JM. Experiences of nursing students who are victims of dating violence: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 38195560 PMCID: PMC10775457 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dating Violence (DV) is a type of Intimate Partner Violence that occurs between young people, and they are those behaviours that cause physical, sexual or psychological harm. OBJECTIVE/AIM To know the experience of university students around dating violence. DESIGN AND METHODS Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted through semi-structured individual interviews with nursing students' victims of dating violence with the same starting categories. The public involve in this study were nursing students who freely agreed to participate in the interviews and gave their informed consent. RESULTS Eleven nursing students participated, the sample was heterogeneous for gender and sexual diversity. Obtaining results about their experience with dating violence, manifestations of dating violence and cyber violence in their relationships, consequences, formal and informal help seeking and proposals for help as nursing students, among others. CONCLUSION Dating violence is a serious problem that seriously affects the victims and requires the creation of prevention programs. The experiences of university students about DV are mainly painful experiences, with serious consequences for those involved, needing help from their close environment and professional help to overcome the problems generated by their partners. IMPLICATIONS It is important due to the high prevalence of this phenomenon, also among nursing students, to provide key points to future health professionals and victims of dating violence on the correct way to act against violence due to lack of knowledge on the subject. This study clarifies the experiences of dating violence and how to offer help to victims from the informal and professional sphere. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of the Health Area of Talavera de la Reina (Toledo) with code 01/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Barroso-Corroto
- Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, 45007, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain.
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
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Sabina C, Cardenas I, Vásquez D, Mariscal S, Cuevas CA. The longitudinal relationship between social support and victimization among latino teens. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1603-1616. [PMID: 37583064 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the relationship between social support and victimization of Latino youth over time, utilizing the stress prevention and support deterioration models. METHODS To address the research questions we utilized data from Waves 1 and 2 (n = 574) of the Dating Violence among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA) study, a national bilingual phone survey of self-identified Latino youth and their caregiver. Cross-lagged panel modeling was used to assess the fit of the two theoretical models to observed patterns of covariance among the victimization and social support variables specified. RESULTS Results show that victimization at Wave 1 was positively and strongly related to victimization at Wave 2 and social support at Wave 1 was positively and moderately associated with social support at Wave 2. As hypothesized, higher levels of victimization at Wave 1 were significantly related to decreases in social support at Wave 2 (β = -.15). Wave 1 social support was not significantly related to victimization at Wave 2. CONCLUSIONS We did not find support for the stress prevention model but did find support for the support deterioration model. Teens who were victimized tended to have lower levels of subsequent social support, highlighting the need to equip peers, family, and significant others to adequately respond to victimization disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sabina
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Iris Cardenas
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Desi Vásquez
- Department of Psychology & Communication, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas, USA
| | - Susana Mariscal
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carlos A Cuevas
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Park S, Ko Y. Social marketing program for dating violence bystander intervention on university campus: analyzing its effectiveness and sociocultural feasibility. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2319-2328. [PMID: 34415824 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1967361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness and sociocultural feasibility of a dating violence (DV) bystander intervention program, called With-Us, implemented on university campus in South Korea. Participants were recruited from two universities, some as part of an intervention group (n = 99) and the others as part a comparison group (n = 67). The participants were assessed pre- and post-interventions in terms of their readiness and intention to help, as well as their efficacy. Analyses show that the program increased the readiness in bystanders to help victims. Contrarily, it was observed that older participants, males, and those having higher patriarchal gender stereotypes, were less likely to pay attention to the program. Based on the findings, we provided several suggestions to promote its effectiveness and sociocultural feasibility so that it could be efficiently applied in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyun Park
- College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yejung Ko
- Department of Nursing, Gwangju University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Mainwaring C, Gabbert F, Scott AJ. A Systematic Review Exploring Variables Related to Bystander Intervention in Sexual Violence Contexts. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1727-1742. [PMID: 35343337 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221079660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a systematic review of the available literature which has investigated the role of key variables in facilitating or inhibiting bystander intervention (including direct intervention, tertiary and secondary prevention) in sexual violence (SV) contexts. Studies exploring the role of individual, situational and contextual variables were grouped to provide a narrative overview of bystanders' personal characteristics as well as the immediate and wider contexts which may be influencing their bystander behaviour. A systematic search of published literature from four electronic databases identified 2526 articles that were screened, of which 85 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused upon the role of individual variables, in particular gender of bystander. This body of work finds females are more likely to intervene than males; however, not all studies report these differences and in some cases, this is influenced by the type of intervention behaviour being considered. Regarding situational variables, the most commonly researched variable was the presence of other bystanders, although the role of this variable as inhibiting or facilitating was not clear. Finally, the most commonly researched contextual variable was social norms towards intervention, which has consistently shown greater bystander intervention when there is a belief that peers support such behaviour. Very few studies considered the interaction between these variables. Therefore, it is important for future research to consider this gap in the literature so that we can obtain a more well-rounded understanding of variables that can inhibit and facilitate bystander intervention in SV contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Gabbert
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Adrian J Scott
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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Brar P, Boat AA, Brady SS. But He Loves Me: Teens' Comments about Healthy and Unhealthy Romantic Relationships. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2023; 38:632-665. [PMID: 38108018 PMCID: PMC10723266 DOI: 10.1177/07435584221079726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Romantic relationships can positively affect adolescent development. However, adolescents may not always have a clear understanding of what healthy dating looks like, which may place some adolescents at risk for dating violence. The present study examined the following research questions: (1) What are adolescents' perceptions of healthy and unhealthy attributes of romantic relationships? (2) How do adolescents perceive jealousy and potentially controlling behaviors? (3) What is the relationship between adolescents' attitudes towards jealousy and controlling behaviors and their willingness to intervene in a peer's unhealthy romantic relationship? The study included a predominantly female, ethnically diverse sample of 72 adolescents (M = 17.5 years) who participated in an internet-based health promotion intervention that allowed peers and health educators to interact. Adolescents commented on message boards and completed a survey. Findings showed that adolescents can articulate both healthy and unhealthy romantic relationship attributes. Some adolescents struggled to understand relationship attributes including jealousy and possessiveness, as these behaviors can be perceived as expressions of strong romantic interest. Adolescents may benefit from programs that strengthen healthy dating behaviors, teach youth to distinguish healthy from unhealthy behaviors, address conflict in respectful ways, and tactfully intervene when they witness abusive behaviors in the relationships of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Brar
- Department of Family Studies and Community Development, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | | | - Sonya S. Brady
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Lawrence D, Elliott MA. Evaluating Mentors in Violence Prevention: A Longitudinal, Multilevel Assessment of Outcome Changes. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1390-1404. [PMID: 37097430 PMCID: PMC10127949 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to increase understanding of the effectiveness of bystander programmes targeting gender-based violence in the United Kingdom. There is also a need to utilise a robust theoretical models of decision-making while doing so. Changes were examined in bystanders' attitudes, beliefs, motivations towards intervening, and intervention behavior in situations of gender-based violence. To achieve this, a quantitative examination of Mentors in Violence Prevention was conducted. There were 1396 participants (50% female, 50% male) who were aged 11 to 14 years old (M = 12.25, SD = 0.84) attending high school at the first time point. Participants were attending 17 schools (53% Mentors in Violence Prevention and 47% control) in Scotland. Outcome variables were assessed approximately one year apart using questionnaires. Multilevel linear regressions revealed that Mentors in Violence Prevention did not change outcomes reflecting bystanders' attitudes, beliefs, motivations towards intervening, or intervention behavior in gender-based violence. Discrepancies between the current findings and those of other evaluations may be due to other studies including small numbers of schools that may be more motivated to implement the program. This study also identified two key issues that need to be addressed at stakeholder level before concluding that Mentors in Violence Prevention is ineffective at targeting gender-based violence. That the program has moved towards a more gender-neutral approach in the United Kingdom could explain the null results of this study. Furthermore, the current findings could be attributed to a failure to adequately address the theoretical model underpinning the program in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagani
- University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Simon C Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
- University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Lawrence
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Mark A Elliott
- University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
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Mainwaring C, Scott AJ, Gabbert F. Behavioral Intentions of Bystanders to Image-Based Sexual Abuse: A Preliminary Focus Group Study with a University Student Sample. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2023; 32:318-339. [PMID: 36921125 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2023.2190734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) represents a form of technology-facilitated sexual abuse that encompasses the taking, creating, and/or sharing (including threats to share) of nude or sexual images without consent. Unlike physical sexual violence contexts, little is known regarding if and how bystanders intervene in IBSA contexts. The current preliminary study aimed to address this gap in the literature. Specifically, seven focus groups with a sample of 35 university students (31 females, 4 males) were conducted to explore how they think they would behave (i.e., their behavioral intentions) if they were bystanders to three different IBSA scenarios: non-consensual taking, non-consensual sharing, and threatening to share nude or sexual images. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and the following themes were identified: perpetrator-centered action, victim-centered action, justice-centered action, and intervention as a well-informed and controlled process. Participants discussed how they would intervene by approaching the perpetrator, either in a confrontational or non-confrontational way, or approach the victim to inform them of what was happening, provide advice, or to support them. They also discussed involving the police. However, some group members were against these forms of intervention, particularly approaching the perpetrator and involving the police. Finally, many participants indicated that their actions need to be well-informed. These findings highlight a wide range of bystander actions in IBSA contexts that have implications for the development of policies, educational materials, and measures of bystander intervention behavior in future research.
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Elliott MA. Evaluating the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program: A Process Examination of How Implementation Can Affect Gender-Based Violence Outcomes. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:4390-4415. [PMID: 35904283 PMCID: PMC9850381 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence is a global public health issue and major human rights concern. It is also a type of violence that is disproportionately experienced by women and girls. This study is the first to examine multiple implementation process (dosage, fidelity, and adaptation) effects on changes in anticipated outcomes of a school-based bystander program targeting gender-based violence, Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP). Data were collected from two participant groups: mentees (students receiving MVP) and mentors (students delivering MVP), across nine participating high schools. The mentee sample comprised 698 students (about 48.9% males and 49.7% females), aged 11 to 14 years old (M = 11.86, SD = 0.64). The mentor sample comprised 118 students (17.80% males, 82.20% females), aged 15 to 18 years old (M = 16.42, SD = 0.60). Anticipated outcomes were changes in bystanders' attitudes, social influences, control perceptions, intentions, willingness, and intervention behavior, measured using mentees' self-reports at two time points approximately 1 year apart. Implementation processes were measured using mentors' self-reports. Analyses revealed no effects for any of the implementation variables across changes in any of the outcomes measured. These results highlight important implications for the implementation of the MVP program going forward, given its widespread implementation in the United Kingdom. Possible ways that MVP may be enhanced in future are discussed. For example, furthering understanding into how gender-based violence and bystander intervention are addressed and framed during MVP lessons would give more insight into how the current implementation of the program can be improved to maximize its potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow,
UK
- University of Western Australia,
Crawley WA, Australia
- Simon C. Hunter, Glasgow Caledonian
University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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12
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Elliott MA. Bystander intervention among secondary school pupils: Testing an augmented Prototype Willingness Model. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:1221-1244. [PMID: 35322436 PMCID: PMC9790461 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study augmented the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to assess reactive and deliberative decision-making underpinning bystander intervention in gender-based violence contexts. There were 2079 participants (50% male, 49% female, and 1% unreported), aged 11-15 years old (M = 12.32, SD = 0.91), attending 19 secondary schools across Scotland. Participants self-reported the augmented PWM variables, then their intervention behaviour approximately 1 month later. Path analyses mostly supported the predicted relationships between positive and negative bidimensional attitudes, subjective norms, prototype perceptions, perceived behavioural control, and self-efficacy on intentions and willingness. Willingness predicted positive (speaking with a teacher) and negative (doing nothing) intervention in less serious violence. Self-efficacy predicted negative intervention in more serious violence. Subjective norms positively moderated the attitudes-intentions relationship. Overall, the results suggested that reactive (willingness) more so than deliberative (intention) decision-making account for intervention when young people witness gender-based violence. Additionally, the findings highlight the complexity of bystander intervention decision-making, where adding control perceptions, bidimensional attitudes, and moderators have independent contributions. Furthermore, self-comparison to the typical bystander who positively intervenes (prototype perceptions) was the strongest predictor of intentions and willingness, highlighting in a novel way the importance of image and group membership on decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK,University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
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McKenzie M, Hegarty KL, Palmer VJ, Tarzia L. "Walking on Eggshells:" A Qualitative Study of How Friends of Young Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Perceive Their Role. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP7502-NP7527. [PMID: 33118455 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520969238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Young women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) are most likely to turn to their friends for help. Although friends can play a critical role in providing support, there is little research that examines friends' experiences. In this qualitative study, we explored how friends of young women experiencing IPV perceived their role in responding to IPV in the context of friendship. We held in-depth interviews with 15 friends of young women who had experienced IPV and used reflexive thematic analysis to develop key themes from the data. We developed two overarching themes that reflected participants' perceptions of the roles they had played or considered as a friend in responding to IPV: "taking action" (which included "providing an outsider's view," "being an advisor or coach," "being a protector," and "taking a stand"); and "being there" (which included "being a listener," "being a companion" and "being an ally"). Their perceptions were shaped by friendship expectations, as well as by understandings of IPV. However, deciding what role to play in supporting their friend was constructed as challenging due to conflicting expectations that arose in the context of friendship. It involved balancing a perceived responsibility to do what they thought was best for their friend's well-being, a need to promote honesty and mutuality in the friendship, along with a competing obligation to respect their friend's choices, maintain her trust and ensure equality in the friendship. Being friends with the abuser as well as with the victim created additional complexities. Based on our findings, we identify key areas to address in developing interventions to assist friends to respond to young women experiencing IPV. These could guide friends on how to play an effective support role while also maintaining the friendship and managing the significant emotional impacts of providing help.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Tarzia
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Cusano J, Wood L, O'Connor J, McMahon S. What Helps and Hinders Students' Intervening in Incidents of Dating Violence On Campus? an Exploratory Study Using Focus Groups. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP6211-NP6235. [PMID: 33054511 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520966670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence is a problem occurring on college campuses that requires unique prevention and intervention needs. Despite the widespread prevalence and pervasive impact of dating violence victimization, formal disclosure and utilization of on-campus support services for student survivors remain low and often survivors who do tell someone disclose to an informal source of support, most often a friend. Many current educational efforts on college campuses regarding dating violence, including bystander intervention programming, fail to increase students' understanding of how to safely address a situation where a peer is experiencing an abusive relationship or to provide students with information about their role as potential responders to disclosures of violence from friends. In the present exploratory study, a series of qualitative focus groups were conducted to better understand students' perspectives on dating violence on campus. Data were analyzed according to processes of thematic analysis to examine how students' understanding and knowledge of dating violence impact their decision about whether to intervene as prosocial bystanders within their social networks using focus groups. Emergent findings reveal that students undergo a multistage process of intervening that relies heavily on their existing knowledge and attitudes toward dating violence. The findings from this article are consistent with Banyard's Action Coils model. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Wood
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, TX, USA
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Waterman EA, Banyard VL, Mitchell KJ, Edwards KM. High School Students' Perceptions of School Personnel's Intentions to Help Prevent Teen Sexual and Dating Violence: Associations with Attitudes and Intended Behaviors . JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5471-NP5494. [PMID: 35369777 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520960115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are at high risk for sexual and dating violence (SDV) at school, indicating need for both adolescents and school personnel to engage in bystander behavior to prevent SDV. Adolescents' perceptions of social norms about bystander behavior, including their perceptions about social norms among school personnel, may impact adolescents' own SDV attitudes and intended bystander behavior. Based on social norms theory, the current research examines adolescents who underestimate, accurately perceive, and overestimate school personnel's reactive (responding to a current situation) and proactive (spreading messaging about prevention) bystander behaviors. High school students (N = 3,404; mean age = 15.7; 87.2% White; 87% heterosexual) and school personnel (N = 1,150) from 25 schools completed surveys. Adolescents who underestimated school personnel's reactive and proactive bystander behavior had more accepting attitudes towards violence and less bystander behavior intentions. Correcting misperceived norms about bystander behavior may improve students' own bystander behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria L Banyard
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ,USA
| | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Departments of Psychology, Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Katie M Edwards
- Nebraska Center for Research on Child, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Sanz-Barbero B, Ayala A, Ieracitano F, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Bowes N, De Claire K, Mocanu V, Anton-Paduraru DT, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, das Neves ASA, da Silva Queirós AS, Jankowiak B, Waszyńska K, Vives-Cases C. Effect of the Lights4Violence intervention on the sexism of adolescents in European countries. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:547. [PMID: 35305589 PMCID: PMC8933881 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexism results in a number of attitudes and behaviors that contribute to gender inequalities in social structure and interpersonal relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lights4Violence, an intervention program based on promoting health assets to reduce sexist attitudes in young European people. Methods We carried out a quasi-experimental study in a non-probabilistic population of 1146 students, aged 12–17 years. The dependent variables were the difference in the wave 1 and wave 2 values in the subscales of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: benevolent sexism (BS) and hostile sexism (HS). The effect of the intervention was evaluated through linear regression analyses stratified by sex. The models were adjusted by baseline subscales scores, socio-demographic and psychological variables. Results In girls, we observed a decrease in BS in the intervention group compared to the control group (β = − 0.101; p = 0.006). In the wave2,, BS decreased more in the intervention group compared to the control group in girls with mothers with a low level of education (β = − 0.338; p = 0.001), with a high level of social support (β = − 0.251; p < 0.001), with greater capacity for conflict resolution (β = − 0.201; p < 0.001) and lower levels of aggressiveness (β = − 0.232, p < 0.001). In boys, the mean levels of HS and BH decreased in wave 2 in both the control and intervention groups. The changes observed after the wave 2 were the same in the control group and in the intervention group. No significant differences were identified between both groups. Conclusions The implementation of the Lights4Violence was associated with a significant reduction in BS in girls, which highlights the potential of interventions aimed at supporting the personal competencies and social support. It is necessary to reinforce the inclusion of educational contents that promote reflection among boys about the role of gender and the meaning of the attributes of masculinity. Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov
: NCT03411564. Unique Protocol ID: 776905. Date registered: 26-01-2018.
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Cerda-Smith J, Gönültaş S, Mulvey KL. Adolescent peer aggression judgments and expected bystander intervention in teen dating violence. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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