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Remmers MCC, Reijs RP, Hoebe CJPA. Defining and distinguishing early life stress, trauma, adversity, toxic and chronic stress and allostatic load: a descriptive review. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241260105. [PMID: 39087715 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241260105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Various concepts are used to study the impact of stress on childhood development. These concepts are often used inconsistently or interchangeably. Our main objectives were to determine how selected stress concepts (chronic stress, toxic stress, allostatic load, early life stress, childhood adversity, childhood trauma and adverse childhood experiences; ACEs) are defined, operationalized and described, and to provide a theoretical context to aid the choice for a preferred concept in public health research. METHODS For this descriptive review, we systematically searched for literature published before 4 August 2021, on PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo. Two independent reviewers included studies. Exclusion criteria were: no systematic review, not peer reviewed, not published in English, selected stress concepts were no predetermined variable or a substantial topic in the discussion, full text was unobtainable or study described non-human or non-childhood populations. Data extraction forms were used. Descriptives were gathered, publication fields were identified through Journal Citation Reports categories, and verbatim descriptions were ordered in text and Venn diagrams. RESULTS Of 264 screened studies, 124 were included. ACEs, childhood adversity and childhood trauma were used most. ACEs were the main concept used most frequently (47.6%). A total of 11 of 14 public and environmental health journals used ACEs. All concepts refer to prolonged, repeated, interpersonal stress from 0 to 18 years, that can alter physiological systems. Four concepts were stressor oriented, two concepts focused on stress response and effect and one on the state of challenged homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS ACEs seem most fitting for public health setting, due to their operationalizability, large set of core experiences and widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten C C Remmers
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Youth Health Care, Public Health Service Limburg-North, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Rianne P Reijs
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Youth Health Care, Living Lab Public Health Mosa, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health Mosa, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Allen AK, Ravi KE, Haselschwerdt M, Niederhauser V. The experiences and perceptions of campus resource utilization by college students with childhood domestic violence exposure histories. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38592941 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2337010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the campus resource utilization experiences of university students with childhood domestic violence exposure (CDV) histories. Participants: 368 students attending a large, flagship, land-grant, predominantly White university in the Southeastern United States. Methods: Participants completed a web-based survey with variables including CDV, campus resource utilization and perceptions of said resources, and participant resource suggestions. Results: Most students utilized at least one health-related campus resource, with the student health and counseling centers being the most common and helpful. Suggested areas for institutional and service provider growth include enhanced advertisement and accessibility for existing resources and added support groups. Conclusions: College campuses provide unique opportunities to support young adults with CDV histories. Tailoring programming to students with CDV histories has the potential to improve student's success in and beyond college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie K Allen
- The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen E Ravi
- The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Mo H, Wang C, Li Y. Recent tobacco smoking, restaurant and in-car secondhand smoke exposure are associated with depressive symptoms among young adults: a population-based cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5290. [PMID: 38438445 PMCID: PMC10912083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between recent tobacco smoking, household secondhand smoke exposure, confined space secondhand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms in young adults after adjustments for each other. Data from NHANES 2013-2018 were extracted. A total of 4129 young adults age 18-35 years (mean age 26.11 ± 5.39 years, 2021 males and 2108 females) were included. Depressive symptoms were screened by PHQ-9. Recent tobacco smoking was assessed through question "smoked tobacco in the last 5 days?". Household secondhand smoke exposure was assessed through question "living with a smoker who smoked inside the house?". Confined space secondhand smoke exposure was assessed by SSEQ. Binary logistic regression models were performed to analyze the associations. Significant association were observed in recent tobacco smoking (OR = 1.593, 95% CI 1.318-1.926) and confined space secondhand smoke exposure (OR = 1.399, 95% CI 1.185-1.651), but not in household secondhand smoke exposure (P = 0.108). Among the different settings of confined space secondhand smoke exposure, restaurant (OR = 1.732, 95% CI 1.120-2.678) and in-car (OR = 1.350, 95% CI 1.102-1.652) exposure were significantly associated with depressive symptom after after fully adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Mo
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Leung DYL, Lee CT, Chu SYJ, Ng F, Wen P, Fan J, Cheung DSK, Seto Nielsen L, Guruge S, Wong J. Chinese family care partners of older adults in Canada have grit: A qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:1018-1029. [PMID: 37828729 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explain the process taken by Chinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, to access health and social services in their communities. The research question was: What mechanisms and structures impact the agency of Chinese family care partners of older adults, in the process of assisting them to access health and social services? DESIGN This qualitative study was informed by critical realism. METHODS Chinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, were interviewed from August 2020 to June 2021. Transcripts underwent thematic analysis. FINDINGS Twenty-eight Chinese family care partners expressed a firm commitment to maintain caregiving conditions and to judiciously access health and social services. Their commitment was made up of three parts: (a) legislative and cultural norms of family, work, and society; (b) their perseverance to fill gaps with limited social and financial resources; (c) the quality of their relationship to, and illness trajectory of the older adults. The social structures created tension in how Chinese family care partners made decisions, negotiated resources, and ultimately monitored and coordinated timely access with older adults. CONCLUSION Participants' commitment and perseverance were conceptualized as "grit," central to their agency to conform to legislative and cultural norms. Moreover, findings support grit's power to motivate and sustain family caregiving, in order for older adults to age in place as long as possible with finite resources. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION This study highlights the importance of cultural awareness education for nurses, enabling continuity of care at a systems level and for a more resilient healthcare system. IMPACT Family care partners' grit may be crucial for nurses to harness when together, they face limited access to culturally appropriate health and social services in a system grounded in values of equity and inclusion, as in Canada. REPORTING METHOD When writing this manuscript, we adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT No patient or public involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y L Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C T Lee
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Y J Chu
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Ng
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Wen
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Fan
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D S K Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Seto Nielsen
- School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Guruge
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Wong
- Stronach Regional Cancer Centre at Southlake, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Menon D. The Bumble motivations framework- exploring a dating App's uses by emerging adults in India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24819. [PMID: 38317995 PMCID: PMC10839884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers have called for a better understanding of the differing motivations of dating app users. Whereas these have been described for Tinder, Grinder and Hinge in the Anglosphere, no research examples could be found for Indian users of Bumble. In response, this paper's pathfinder study helps close the gap by developing a Bumble motivation scale. Six primary motivations for using Bumble were identified through the exploratory factor analysis: Love, Socialisation, Ease of communication, Distraction, Trendiness, and Sexual experience. Notably, socialisation and love motivations emerged as more significant drivers for Bumble usage than sexual experiences, which contrasted with prior findings on dating apps. Additionally, age and biological sex differences were observed in the motivations reported by the participants. Men were more likely to use Bumble for sexual experiences, while women were more motivated by ease of communication. Furthermore, age was found to positively relate to motivations linked to love, distraction, trendiness, and sexual experiences. Moreover, the motivations of Love, socialisation, and trendiness were found to positively predict the frequency of Bumble usage. Among these motivations, Love, socialisation, and trendiness emerged as significant predictors of offline dating behaviour among the participants. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing the adoption and engagement with Bumble among emerging adults in India. The implications of these findings may aid in refining dating app features and marketing strategies targeted at this specific demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devadas Menon
- Development and Educational Communication Unit, Gujarat- 380056, India
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Dadi D, Bonilla Z, Beckstrand MJ, Frazier P, Gerlach A, Huber KA, Kaubrys M, Laska MN, Mason SM. Emerging adult college students' descriptions of exposure to childhood emotional abuse and associated factors: A qualitative exploration. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106516. [PMID: 37922619 PMCID: PMC10842179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence on the long-term deleterious impacts of emotional abuse highlights the need to further understand childhood emotional abuse and its context to strengthen prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE To describe emerging adults' experiences of emotional abuse in their childhoods and the household context surrounding that abuse. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Fifty-eight interviews were conducted with emerging adults, ages 18-25, recruited from four 2- and 4-year institutions of higher education. METHODS Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and describe patterns in the data. A cyclical approach to codebook development and data analysis was followed by a team of four coders. RESULTS Themes related to participants' experiences of emotional abuse included: inability to meet parent expectations; parent attacks on the child's character; parent negative comparisons to siblings and others; parent invalidation of the child's emotions and mental health needs; and evolution over time in the parent-child relationship. Aspects of childhood family environments contemporaneous with the childhood emotional abuse included: financial stress; parent mental illness; parent divorce, separation, or volatile relationship; parent adversity or trauma; physical abuse; and young parent age. Many participants identified these aspects of their family environment, most of which could potentially be improved with sufficient support, as playing causal roles in the emotional abuse they experienced. CONCLUSION This descriptive qualitative study provides additional insight into child emotional abuse and its associated factors, providing invaluable insights that can enhance current measurement and intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Dadi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zobeida Bonilla
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael J Beckstrand
- Liberal Arts Technologies and Innovation Services, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 101 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Patricia Frazier
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anne Gerlach
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kayla A Huber
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - McKenzie Kaubrys
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Sikorski C, Mavromanoli AC, Manji K, Behzad D, Kreatsoulas C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Primary Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Application of a Biological Theory. Neurology 2023; 101:e2151-e2161. [PMID: 37879940 PMCID: PMC10663032 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Headache disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. While an association between adverse childhood experiences and primary headaches has been reported, the pooled magnitude across studies and pathways of the association are unknown. Our objectives were (1) to estimate the pooled effect of ≥1 adverse childhood experience (ACE) on primary headache disorders in adulthood and (2) to test the hypothesis that ACEs categorized as "threat" traumas or "deprivation" traumas have distinct effects on primary headaches based on a selected theory from our narrative review of how ACEs affect human development along the life course. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Biological Psychiatry, and gray literature were searched up to March 16, 2023 (PROSPERO, CRD42020223403). Selected articles included (1) observational studies with a comparator group, (2) ACEs that occurred before 18 years of age, and (3) primary headaches occurring at or after 21 years of age. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multilevel linear random-effects modeling. The narrative review included theories that describe how ACEs affect human development and disease across the life course. We selected a theory from our narrative review and tested ACEs categorized according to this theory for any modification of point estimates. RESULTS Our search identified 32 studies, of which 28 were eligible for meta-analysis (n = 154,739 participants, 19 countries). The occurrence of ≥1 adverse childhood experience(s) was associated with primary headaches (pooled OR = 1.48 [95% CI 1.36-1.61]; high-quality evidence, 134,696 participants). As the number of ACEs increased, the odds of primary headaches increased (range: 1 ACE OR = 1.24 [95% CI 1.14-1.35] to ≥4 ACEs OR = 2.09 [95% CI 1.83-2.38], p for trend <0.0001). From the narrative review, a neurodevelopmental theory that categorizes ACEs into threat or deprivation was tested, and both were independently associated with primary headaches (threat OR = 1.46 [95% CI 1.32-1.60] and deprivation OR = 1.35 [95% CI 1.23-1.49], respectively), accounting for heterogeneity (p = 0.021). DISCUSSION This systematic review and meta-analysis confirm that ACEs are important risk factors of primary headache disorders in adulthood. Our findings provide epidemiologic support that ACEs categorized as threat and deprivation may manifest as distinct pathways of early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sikorski
- From the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (C.S.), McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (A.C.M.), Mainz, Germany; Department of Family and Community Medicine (K.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences (D.B.), Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada; and Health Policy and Management (C.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - Anna C Mavromanoli
- From the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (C.S.), McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (A.C.M.), Mainz, Germany; Department of Family and Community Medicine (K.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences (D.B.), Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada; and Health Policy and Management (C.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Karishma Manji
- From the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (C.S.), McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (A.C.M.), Mainz, Germany; Department of Family and Community Medicine (K.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences (D.B.), Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada; and Health Policy and Management (C.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Danial Behzad
- From the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (C.S.), McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (A.C.M.), Mainz, Germany; Department of Family and Community Medicine (K.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences (D.B.), Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada; and Health Policy and Management (C.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine Kreatsoulas
- From the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (C.S.), McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (A.C.M.), Mainz, Germany; Department of Family and Community Medicine (K.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences (D.B.), Brock University St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada; and Health Policy and Management (C.K.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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8
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Bryan RH, Beitz JM. Trauma-Informed Care: Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences and WOC Nursing: An Integrative Review. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2023; 50:276-284. [PMID: 37467405 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Bryan
- Rebecca Bryan, DNP, AGPCNP, APN, New Jersey Department of Children and Families, Trenton, and School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN-AP, CRNP, ANEF, FNAP, FAAN, School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Janice M Beitz
- Rebecca Bryan, DNP, AGPCNP, APN, New Jersey Department of Children and Families, Trenton, and School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
- Janice M. Beitz, PhD, RN, CS, CNOR, CWOCN-AP, CRNP, ANEF, FNAP, FAAN, School of Nursing, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey
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Schneiderman JU, Mennen FE, Palmer Molina AC, Cederbaum JA. Adults with a child maltreatment history: Narratives describing individual strengths that promote positive wellbeing. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106133. [PMID: 36921502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment often has negative impacts, but some individuals have strengths that lead to better outcomes. OBJECTIVE Describe the narratives of adults who experienced childhood maltreatment, all of whom had positive psychosocial wellbeing at average age 18 years. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A purposive sample of 21 adults (mean age 27.8 years SD = 1.0) who were part of a longitudinal study on the effects of childhood maltreatment. The sample was self-described as 85.7 % female, 14.3 % male, 42.9 % Black, 33.3 % Latinx, 19.0 % White, and 4.8 % multiracial. METHODS This descriptive qualitative study, which is part of a sequential mixed method study, used semi-structured interviews and a narrative analysis approach. Four coders completed: (1) initial reading of sample interviews (2) generating codes independently and discussion, (3) creating a codebook, (4) reviewing 10-11 transcripts each (5) reconvening to discuss/resolve differences in coding, (6) identifying themes. RESULTS There were four themes. The first theme was seeing oneself in a good light, highlighting self-worth and helper roles. The second theme, moving forward, included letting go of their past and a future orientation. Coping with life, the third theme, included boundaries for people around them, routines, and self-sufficiency. Meaning making, the fourth theme, included insights on the effect of their maltreatment and foster care, and reflections on appreciating life and adapting to changing circumstances. CONCLUSIONS Findings describe varied strengths that promote positive functioning after childhood maltreatment. Study themes highlight how these strengths allow adults to make meaning of their experiences and move forward successfully in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet U Schneiderman
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, MRF 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Ferol E Mennen
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, MRF 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | | | - Julie A Cederbaum
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, MRF 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Cui T, Wang C, Xu J. Validation of Academic Resilience Scales Adapted in a Collective Culture. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1114285. [PMID: 36968698 PMCID: PMC10034376 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1114285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to adapt and validate two popular instruments on academic resilience in a collectivistic culture. One is a brief unidimensional scale (ARS_SCV), and another is a context-specific multidimensional scale (ARS_MCV). The participants were 569 high school students in China. Based on Messick's validity framework, we provided evidence to support the construct validity of the newly developed scales. Results first indicated that both scales were reliable with high internal consistency and construct reliability. Then, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFAs) showed that ARS_SCV had a unidimensional factor structure and ARS_MCV had a four-factor structure. Multi-group CFAs then showed that both models were invariant across gender and socio-economic status (SES) levels. Results of correlations demonstrated that both scales significantly correlated with each other and with other external constructs (grit, academic self-efficacy, and learning engagement). The findings of this study contribute to the literature by proposing two instruments, which provide practitioners with options for specific assessments to measure academic resilience in a collectivist culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Cui
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Foundations, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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11
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Leung D, Lee C, Wang AH, Guruge S. Immigrants' and refugees' experiences of access to health and social services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto, Canada. J Health Serv Res Policy 2023; 28:34-41. [PMID: 35971256 PMCID: PMC9382571 DOI: 10.1177/13558196221109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2020, the World Health Organization reported that immigrants were the most vulnerable to contracting COVID, due to a confluence of personal and structural barriers. This study explored how immigrants and refugees experienced access to health and social services during the first wave of COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada. METHODS This study analyzed secondary data from a qualitative study that was conducted between May and September 2020 in Toronto that involved semi-structured interviews with 72 immigrants and refugees from 21 different countries. The secondary data analysis was informed by critical realism. RESULTS The vast majority of participants experienced fear and anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak but through a combination of self-reliance and community support came to terms with the realities of the pandemic. Some even found the lifestyle changes engendered by the pandemic a positive experience. CONCLUSIONS Self-reliance may hinder help-seeking and augment the threat of COVID-19. This is particularly a concern for the most vulnerable immigrants, who experience multiple disruptions in their health care, have limited material resources and social supports, and perhaps are still dealing with the challenges of settling in the new country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Leung
- School of Nursing,
The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon,
Hong Kong
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing,
Toronto
Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Angel He Wang
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing,
Toronto
Metropolitan University, Canada
| | - Sepali Guruge
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing,
Toronto
Metropolitan University, Canada,Sepali Guruge, The Daphne Cockwell Health
Sciences Complex, Toronto Metropolitan University, Room DCC-579C, 288 Church St,
Toronto, OA M5B 2K3, Canada.
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Alhowaymel FM, Alenezi A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health in Rural Areas of Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2502. [PMID: 36554025 PMCID: PMC9777989 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their consequences are a worldwide problem. ACEs are primary stressors that have a long-term impact on the body and mind during development. They are linked to a variety of chronic illnesses in adults. Information about ACEs and health and risk behaviors is scarce among rural populations. The study aimed to examine ACEs, chronic diseases, and risk behaviors, as well as to explore the relationship between them and number of sociodemographic factors among adults living in rural areas in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method were utilized to collect information. A self-reported questionnaire, including an ACEs questionnaire as well as direct health and risk behaviors questions, was used. In total, 68.2% of the respondents reported at least one ACE, and 34.2% reported four or more ACEs. Emotional and physical abuse were the most reported forms. Hypertension and chronic respiratory disease were the most reported chronic diseases. Depression and anxiety were associated with ACEs, indicating that those who reported four or more ACEs were more likely to develop depression and anxiety. ACEs contribute to many negative health outcomes; thus, identifying the prevalence of ACEs among the rural population is essential for future health-related actions. It is also important that chronic diseases and risk behaviors be specifically identified among the rural population in order to prioritize these actions. Future research should further investigate ACEs and other determinants of health among the rural population, taking into consideration the inclusion of more diverse people, such as older adults and those from other rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad M. Alhowaymel
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia
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Chen M, Tian N, Chang Q. Adverse childhood experiences, sexual orientation, and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students: An ecological framework analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105881. [PMID: 36152533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive evidence has demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict a high risk of negative health and behavioral outcomes in later life. However, the influence of individuals' psychosocial characteristics and environmental stressors have been mostly omitted in previous research. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence of ACEs among LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) and heterosexual emerging adults, and the associations between different patterns of ACE exposure and depressive symptoms after adjusting for factors at different levels. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A representative sample of 928 college students in Xiamen city, China was recruited. METHODS Latent class analysis was applied to identify the patterns of ACEs. A series of regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between ACEs and depression and whether ACEs interacted with sexual identity to influence depression, after controlling for individual characteristics, family, school, and society-level factors. RESULTS Over 35 % of the participants reported they had experienced at least one type of moderate to extreme childhood maltreatment, and those who identified as LGB reported a higher level of ACE exposure. Higher levels of ACE exposure based on score and clustering approaches were associated with higher risks of depression among Chinese emerging adults. However, the associations between ACEs and depression were not significantly moderated by sexual identity. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlighted the importance of early screening for ACEs particularly among sexual minorities and of delivering tailored interventions based on ecological backgrounds. Both the traditional scoring approach and a data-driven approach can be effective in detecting the cumulative effect of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Naiqi Tian
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qingsong Chang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Landry J, Asokumar A, Crump C, Anisman H, Matheson K. Early life adverse experiences and loneliness among young adults: The mediating role of social processes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:968383. [PMID: 36204733 PMCID: PMC9530052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.968383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness has been described as endemic among young people. Such feelings of social isolation 'even in a crowd' are likely linked to adverse early life experiences that serve to diminish perceptions of social support and intensify negative social interactions. It was suggested in the present series of survey studies that childhood abuse, which compromises a child's sense of safety in relationships, may affect social processes that contribute to loneliness in young adulthood. Study 1 assessed different adverse childhood and adult experiences in relation to loneliness among young adults (N = 171). Linear regression analyses indicated that childhood abuse was uniquely associated with greater loneliness, and this relationship was partially mediated by the perceived availability of social support. Study 2 (N = 289) assessed different forms of childhood abuse and demonstrated that early life emotional abuse was a unique predictor of loneliness, and this relationship was fully mediated by lower perceived support or value in social connections (social connectedness) and more frequent unsupportive interactions with friends. Study 3 evaluated the implications of the age of occurrence of abuse (N = 566). Both emotional and sexual abuse predicted young adult loneliness regardless of age; abuse that was recalled to have occurred at very early ages (0-5 years) was not predictive of loneliness over and above consideration of events that happened in older childhood. These relationships were at least partially mediated by perceived social support, social connectedness, and in the case of emotional abuse, unsupportive interactions with friends. Our results add to mounting evidence pointing to the prevalence of loneliness among young adults and the links to adverse early life experiences that may serve to shape appraisals of safety, value, and personal worth in social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyllenna Landry
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ajani Asokumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carly Crump
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberly Matheson
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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López-Madrigal C, García-Manglano J, de la Fuente Arias J. A Path Analysis Model of Self- vs. Educational-Context- Regulation as Combined Predictors of Well-Being in Spanish College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610223. [PMID: 36011857 PMCID: PMC9408051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature has established the importance of personal and contextual factors in college students' trajectories. Following the Self- vs. External-Regulation Behavior Theory (2021) and the 3P Biggs Model, the present study aimed at analyzing a structural linear model that validates the joint effect of self-regulation, educational context, age, and gender (as personal and contextual presage variables) with other meta-abilities, such as coping strategies, resilience, and positivity (process variables), and specific well-being outcomes, such as flourishing and health (product variables). A sample of 1310 Spanish college students was analyzed, aged 17 to 25, and a cross-sectional study with an ex post facto design was performed. Association and structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using SPSS software (v.26) and AMOS (v.23). Results show that individual and contextual factors have an important role in the acquisition of psychological competencies in young adults. Self-regulation was proven to be an important meta-ability that predicts personal well-being and behavioral health outcomes. Complementarily, educational context was shown to be an external predictor of other skills, such as problem-focused strategies, and positive outcomes such as flourishing and behavioral health. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López-Madrigal
- Institute of Culture and Society, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jesús de la Fuente Arias
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Mushonga S. Better-than-expected Outcomes through Sharing Experiences by Students Raised by alcohol-misusing Caregivers in Lesotho. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2022.2101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simbai Mushonga
- Department of Social Work & Community Development, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wisdom AC, Govindu M, Liu SJ, Meyers CM, Mellerson JL, Gervin DW, DePadilla L, Holland KM. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Overdose: Lessons From Overdose Data to Action. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:S40-S46. [PMID: 35597582 PMCID: PMC9761611 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse childhood experiences and overdose are linked in a cycle that affects individuals and communities across generations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Overdose Data to Action cooperative agreement supports a comprehensive public health approach to overdose prevention and response activities across the U.S. Exposure to traumatic events during childhood can increase the risk for myriad health outcomes, including overdose; therefore, many Overdose Data to Action recipients leveraged funds to address adverse childhood experiences. METHODS In 2021, an inventory of Overdose Data to Action‒funded activities implemented in 2019 and 2020 showed that 34 of the 66 recipients proposed overdose prevention activities that support people who have experienced adverse childhood experiences or that focus on preventing the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences. Activities were coded by adverse childhood experience prevention strategy, level of the social ecology, and whether they focused on neonatal abstinence syndrome. RESULTS Most activities among Overdose Data to Action recipients occurred at the community level of the social‒ecologic model and under the intervene to lessen harms adverse childhood experience prevention strategy. Of the 84 adverse childhood experience‒related activities taking place across 34 jurisdictions, 44 are focused on neonatal abstinence syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Study results highlight the opportunities to expand the breadth of adverse childhood experience prevention strategies across the social ecology. Implementing cross-cutting overdose and adverse childhood experience‒related activities that span the social‒ecologic model are critical for population-level change and have the potential for the broadest impact. Focusing on neonatal abstinence syndrome also offers a unique intervention opportunity for both adverse childhood experience and overdose prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C Wisdom
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Madhumita Govindu
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen J Liu
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina M Meyers
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jenelle L Mellerson
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Derrick W Gervin
- Extramural Research Operations, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, National Center for Environmental Health, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lara DePadilla
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristin M Holland
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Soboti JM. Building Resilience: Helping Emerging Adults Cope During the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic. CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL 2022; 51:24-33. [PMID: 35463832 PMCID: PMC9017725 DOI: 10.1007/s10615-022-00845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 led to, among other things, confusion in news coverage and public health safety. In academe, university leaders were pressured to quickly construct new plans for holding university classes while integrating the safety protocols required by government officials. Though this sudden shift may have been necessary, it also disrupted the biopsychosocial needs, developmental norms, and milestones of emerging adults on college campuses. Current research on emerging adults' biopsychosocial needs during COVID-19 is scant, and research efforts may have been diverted due to the suddenness of campus shutdowns. Social work clinicians nonetheless need a theoretical framework that primarily focuses on emerging adults' needs during and post pandemic. Therapeutic settings create platforms for emerging adults to share their stories and for clinicians to understand their clients' lived experiences during a pandemic such as COVID-19. An awareness of how the experience of shared trauma can affect the therapeutic relationship is crucial to the wellbeing of both client and clinician. This composite case study illustrates a treatment intervention constructed from resilience theory that included narrating what unfolded, learning emotional regulation, building sources of support, and making meaning of the experience. The framework in this paper suggests that resilience theory can be an effective therapeutic approach for emerging adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and recommends further attention to the role of social workers in higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Soboti
- DSW Program, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 390 George Street, 08901 New Brunswick, NJ USA
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Jang S, Choi SW, Ahn R, Lee JY, Kim J, Seok JH. Relationship of Resilience Factors With Biopsychosocial Markers Using a Comprehensive Home Evaluation Kit for Depression and Suicide Risk: A Real-World Data Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:847498. [PMID: 35711598 PMCID: PMC9196636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.847498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are fundamental factors in developing depression with increased suicide risk. Resilience is considered an important protective factor that can prevent trauma survivors from developing depression. We developed a home evaluation kit for a comprehensive assessment of bio-psycho-social factors related to depression and suicide. This kit contained a psycho-social evaluation battery, named the Protective and Vulnerable factors battery questionnaire (PROVE) comprising depressive symptoms and suicide risk, as well as various depression-related psychosocial factors, such as ACE, resilience, mentalization capacity, and attachment, via online survey tools. Furthermore, salivary cortisol levels were used as biological indicators to assess the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function. METHODS Real-world data analysis was made out of data collected from participants who visited CHEEU Counseling center or Gangnam Severance hospital for mental health check-ups. The participants were put into three mental state groups (green-normal, yellow-borderline, and red-risk) depending on the result of PROVE battery. The difference between psychosocial factors and salivary cortisol indicators by the group was identified by analysis of covariance with sex and age as covariates. Linear regression analysis was conducted to find a significant association of resilience score with other bio-psycho-social variables, such as ACE, attachment, mentalization, or post-awakening cortisol concentrations (area under the curve with respect to ground, AUCg). A partial correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship of AUCg with psychosocial factors. RESULTS Depression-related psycho-social indicators were significantly different among groups. Insecure attachment and the mentalization problem are negatively influencing factors to resilience. Furthermore, the severity of depression in participants with ACE was also influenced by mentalization problems. AUCg was different according to the PROVE group, presence of ACE, or resilience level. In addition, AUCg showed a positive correlation with resilience score but negative correlations with depressive symptoms, ACE, mentalization problems, and anxiety or avoidance attachment. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there are some key factors negatively affecting resilience: insecure attachment and mentalization problems. In groups with ACE, a mentalization problem was suggested as a factor that can increase depressive symptoms. AUCg was associated with resilience as well as several other vulnerable factors of depression, showing its potential as a promising biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooah Jang
- Research Institute of Minds AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Choi
- Research Institute of Minds AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryunsup Ahn
- Research Institute of Minds AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.,Institue of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeal Lee
- Research Institute of Minds AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohan Kim
- Department of Communications, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Seok
- Research Institute of Minds AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.,Institue of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Sampath R, Nayak R, Gladston S, Ebenezer K, Mudd SS, Peck J, Brenner MJ, Pandian V. Sleep disturbance and psychological distress among hospitalized children in India: Parental perceptions on pediatric inpatient experiences. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2022; 27:e12361. [PMID: 34676682 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate parental perceptions of children's sleep disturbance and psychological distress associated with an inpatient stay in a low-resource hospital setting. DESIGN AND METHODS Demographic and validated survey instruments were adapted for administration to parents of children in the medical wards of a tertiary hospital in India. Parents proficient in English, Hindi, Tamil, or Telugu with a child age 4-12 years admitted for at least 48 h were eligible to participate. All respondents completed the Factors Affecting Sleep Disturbance Scale, Sleep Duration Questionnaire, Sleep Disturbance Scale, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data analysis entailed descriptive statistics, correlations, and multivariate regressions to analyze relationships across responses on demographics, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress. RESULTS Among 105 parents with hospitalized children, most had children 4-6 years old (54%), including 65% boys and 35% girls. Parents reported that their children slept overnight in the hospital for a mean of 8.3 ± 1.6 h. Children 4-6 year old (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.63, p = .004), dyspnea (RRR = 8.73, p = .04), previous hospitalization (RRR = 9.17, p = .03), nighttime procedures (RRR = 2.97, p = .03, and missing home (RRR = 6.78, p < .001) were the factors affecting sleep. Factors affecting psychological distress was nighttime medication administration (RRR = 4.92, p = .01). Sleep disturbances correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.56; p < .01). CONCLUSION Sleep disturbance and associated psychological distress in hospitalized children were widely reported by parents queried in this low-resource hospital setting. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Nurses can lead efforts in ameliorating sleep in hospitalized children, including partnering with stakeholders on measures to reduce sleep disruption. Child-centered interventions may improve sleep hygiene and decrease psychological distress among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sampath
- Critical Care Nurse, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls church, Virginia, USA
| | - Ruma Nayak
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Shanthi Gladston
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Kala Ebenezer
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Shawna S Mudd
- Department of Nursing Faculty, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Peck
- Department of Nursing, Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vinciya Pandian
- Department of Nursing Faculty, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Crosnoe R. Contextualizing the Social and Educational Journeys of Adolescents within the Life Course. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:1135-1151. [PMID: 34820957 PMCID: PMC10283218 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
What happens during adolescence emerges from early in life and sets the stage for later in life. This linking function of adolescence within the life course is grounded in social, psychological, and biological development and is fundamental to the intergenerational transmission of societal inequalities. This article explores this life course phenomenon by focusing on how the social ups and downs of secondary school shape adolescents' educational trajectories, translating their backgrounds into their futures through the interplay of their personal agency with the constraints imposed by the stratified institutions they navigate. Illustrative examples include gender differences in risky behavior, racialized experiences of school discipline, immigrant youths' family relations, LGBTQ students' school safety, STEM education, adverse childhood experiences, and mindset interventions.
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Yu Z, Wang L, Chen W, Perrin N, Gross D. Childhood adversity and mental health among Chinese young adults: The protective role of resilience. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:4793-4804. [PMID: 34617614 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among health science students in China; associations between the number of ACE exposures and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms; and the extent to which resilience moderates the effect of ACEs on mental health outcomes. DESIGN This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted May-August 2020. METHODS Five hundred and sixty-six health science students (18-38 years) from China completed online surveys measuring ACEs using the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-International Questionnaire, depressive and anxiety symptoms and resilience. Descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc tests and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 27. RESULTS 88.5% of participants reported at least one ACE; 42.6% reported four or more ACEs. Higher number of ACEs was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Four or more ACEs were associated with significantly worse mental health outcomes than those with no ACEs and those with one to three ACEs. Greater resilience significantly attenuated the effects of ACEs on mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are highly prevalent among Chinese health science students but their impact on mental health can be buffered by higher levels of resilience. IMPACT Screening for ACEs and strength-based, trauma-informed interventions on fostering resilience is needed to promote mental health among Chinese young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Perrin
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Gross
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Generation Z undergraduate students' resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:8132-8146. [PMID: 34253948 PMCID: PMC8264489 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resilience has been documented as an essential component in managing stress. However, understanding how undergraduate students with different sociodemographic characteristics perceive resilience remains understudied. This study aimed to explore how undergraduate students in one university define and build resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students’ perception and preferences for receiving resilience training were additionally solicited. A descriptive qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted. Twenty-seven students were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide via Skype instant messaging. The thematic analysis generated five themes: resilience as enduring and withstanding; the building blocks of resilience; resilience: learning or earning; pedagogical considerations for resilience training; and a blended platform for resilience training. Participants described resilience as an enduring and withstanding trait essential for university students. Resilience can be built from intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors that enhanced resilience included desire to succeed and motivation. Extrinsic factors were relational in nature, and friends, family, teachers, and religion were found to boost resilience. Students had several recommendations in designing resilience training, and they recommended the use of a blended platform. Further, students suggested the use of videos, narratives from resilient individuals, and using reflective practice as a pedagogy in resilience training. Future resilience training should consist of personal and interpersonal factors and should be introduced early during the academic term of students’ university life. As the COVID-19 pandemic compounds an already challenging academic climate, this study lends it findings to expand the resilience literature and develop future resilience training.
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Vederhus JK, Timko C, Haugland SH. Adverse childhood experiences and impact on quality of life in adulthood: development and validation of a short difficult childhood questionnaire in a large population-based health survey. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:1769-1778. [PMID: 33534031 PMCID: PMC8178145 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A short adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) measure is needed with non-intrusive items that include subjective evaluations of childhood. We validated a short Difficult Childhood Questionnaire (DCQ) that assesses ACEs using personal perceptions of events. Methods The study relied on 2019 data from a representative survey (N = 28,047) in Norway. We examined the DCQ’s factor structure, internal consistency, and discriminant validity in a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. As a group variable, we used whether the respondent had the ACE of parental alcohol use disorder (adult children of alcoholics; ACOA). To assess the DCQ’s convergent validity, we used latent regression analysis with adulthood quality of life (QoL) as the outcome and mental distress and loneliness as potential mediators. Results The DCQ’s latent mean was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82–0.90, p < 0.001) higher in the ACOA versus the non-ACOA group. The effect size suggested a large magnitude of this difference. The DCQ score was negatively associated with QoL and positively associated with mental distress and loneliness. For the score’s QoL effect [− 0.84 (95% CI − 0.87 to − 0.80, p < 0.001)], − 0.80 was indirect, and − 0.04 was direct. Thus, most of the association of DCQ with QoL occurred via mediators. Conclusions The results confirmed the DCQ’s discriminant and convergent validity and highlight this tool as an empirically supported approach to assess ACEs. Because of its brevity and psychometric strengths, the DCQ is useful for research and likely suited to mental health treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Kåre Vederhus
- Addiction Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, P.b. 416, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Christine Timko
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
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