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Tong Y, Zuo Z, Li X, Li M, Wang Z, Guo X, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen D, Zhang Z. Protective role of perivascular adipose tissue in the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1296778. [PMID: 38155947 PMCID: PMC10753176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1296778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the key role played by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the protection of cardiovascular health. PVAT is a specific type of adipose tissue that wraps around blood vessels and has recently emerged as a critical factor for maintenance of vascular health. Through a profound exploration of existing research, this review sheds light on the intricate structural composition and cellular origins of PVAT, with a particular emphasis on combining its regulatory functions for vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. The review then delves into the intricate mechanisms by which PVAT exerts its protective effects, including the secretion of diverse adipokines and manipulation of the renin-angiotensin complex. The review further examines the alterations in PVAT function and phenotype observed in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Recognizing the complex interactions of PVAT with the cardiovascular system is critical for pursuing breakthrough therapeutic strategies that can target cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to augment present understanding of the protective role of PVAT in cardiovascular health, with a special emphasis on elucidating potential mechanisms and paving the way for future research directions in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tong
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Zuo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenggui Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Guo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ahmed A, Bibi A, Valoti M, Fusi F. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone: Friends or Foes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12081196. [PMID: 37190105 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue that surrounds most mammalian blood vessels. PVAT is a metabolically active, endocrine organ capable of regulating blood vessel tone, endothelium function, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation, and contributing critically to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. In the context of vascular tone regulation, under physiological conditions, PVAT exerts a potent anticontractile effect by releasing a plethora of vasoactive substances, including NO, H2S, H2O2, prostacyclin, palmitic acid methyl ester, angiotensin 1-7, adiponectin, leptin, and omentin. However, under certain pathophysiological conditions, PVAT exerts pro-contractile effects by decreasing the production of anticontractile and increasing that of pro-contractile factors, including superoxide anion, angiotensin II, catecholamines, prostaglandins, chemerin, resistin, and visfatin. The present review discusses the regulatory effect of PVAT on vascular tone and the factors involved. In this scenario, dissecting the precise role of PVAT is a prerequisite to the development of PVAT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aasia Bibi
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Mitidieri E, Turnaturi C, Vanacore D, Sorrentino R, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide in the Control of Vascular Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:84-97. [PMID: 35442088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Emerging evidence suggests that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has a relevant role in the control of vascular tone in physiology and pathology. Healthy PVAT has anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative actions. Accumulating data from both human and experimental animal models indicate that PVAT dysfunction is conceivably coupled to cardiovascular diseases, and it is associated with vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial remodeling. Therefore, "healthy" PVAT may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recent Advances: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as a vascular anti-contractile factor released from PVAT. The enzymes deputed to H2S biosynthesis are variously expressed in PVAT and strictly dependent on the vascular bed and species. Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases can alter the morphological and secretory characteristics of PVAT, influencing also the H2S signaling. Here, we discuss the role of PVAT-derived H2S in healthy conditions and its relevance in alterations occurring in vascular disorders. Critical Issues: We discuss how a better understanding may help in the prevention of vascular dysfunction related to alteration in PVAT-released H2S as well as the importance of the interplay between PVAT and H2S. Future Directions: We propose future directions to evaluate the contribution of each enzyme involved in H2S biosynthesis and their alteration/switch occurring in vascular disorders and the remaining challenges in investigating the role of H2S. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 84-97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Turnaturi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Vanacore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wang P, Luo C, Zhu D, Song Y, Cao L, Luan H, Gao L, Zheng S, Li H, Tian G. Pericardial Adipose Tissue-Derived Leptin Promotes Myocardial Apoptosis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats Through Janus Kinase 2/Reactive Oxygen Species/Na+/K+-ATPase Signaling Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021369. [PMID: 34482701 PMCID: PMC8649551 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying cardiac structural and functional changes in obesity are complex and linked to adipocytokines released from pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Although leptin is involved in various pathological conditions, its role in paracrine action of pericardial adipose tissue on myocardial apoptosis remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of PAT‐derived leptin on myocardial apoptosis in high‐fat diet–induced obese rats. Methods and Results Hearts were isolated from lean or high‐fat diet–induced obese Wistar rats for myocardial remodeling studies. Obese rats had abnormal myocardial structure, diastolic dysfunction, greatly elevated cardiac apoptosis, enhanced cardiac fibrosis, and increased oxidative stress level. ELISA detected significantly higher than circulating leptin level in PAT of obese, but not lean, rats. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated increased leptin receptor density in obese hearts. H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, after being exposed to PAT‐conditioned medium of obese rats, exhibited pronounced reactive oxygen species–mediated apoptosis, which was partially reversed by leptin antagonist. Moreover, leptin derived from PAT of obese rats inhibited Na+/K+‐ATPase activity of H9c2 cells through stimulating reactive oxygen species, thereby activating calcium‐dependent apoptosis. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors revealed that Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways were involved in leptin‐induced myocardial apoptosis. Conclusions PAT‐derived leptin induces myocardial apoptosis in high‐fat diet–induced obese rats via activating Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/reactive oxygen species signaling pathway and inhibiting its downstream Na+/K+‐ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Chaodi Luo
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Danjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Ultrasound First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Lifei Cao
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Luan
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Shuping Zheng
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Hao Li
- Intensive Care Unit First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi China
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Liu G, Lei Y, Luo S, Huang Z, Chen C, Wang K, Yang P, Huang X. MicroRNA expression profile and identification of novel microRNA biomarkers for metabolic syndrome. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3864-3872. [PMID: 34269146 PMCID: PMC8806888 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1952817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of efficient biomarkers is the main reason for the inaccurate early diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The current study aimed to identify several novel microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for metabolic syndrome via high-throughput sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Through high-throughput sequencing and differentially expressed miRNA (DEM) analysis, we first identified two upregulated and 36 downregulated DEMs in the plasma samples of patients with MetS compared to the healthy volunteers. Additionally, we also predicted 379 potential target genes and subsequently carried out enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction network analysis to investigate the signaling pathways and functions of the identified DEMs as well as the interactions between their target genes. Furthermore, we selected two upregulated and top 10 downregulated DEMs with the highest |log2FC| values as the key microRNAs, which may serve as potential biomarkers for MetS. RT-qPCR was performed to validated these result. Finally, hsa-miR-526b-5p, hsa-miR-6516-5p was identified as the novel biomarkers for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhi Liu
- Bone and Joint Surgery Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yutian Lei
- Bone and Joint Surgery Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Luo
- Bone and Joint Surgery Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Bone and Joint Surgery Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Bone and Joint Surgery Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Bone and Joint Surgery Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Yu Q, Shu L, Wang L, Gao K, Wang J, Dai M, Cao Q, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Hu B, Dai D, Chen J, Bao M. Effects of carotid baroreceptor stimulation on aortic remodeling in obese rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1635-1644. [PMID: 33812737 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Our previous study found carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) reduces body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, restores abnormal secretion of adipocytokines and inflammation factors, decreases systolic blood pressure (SBP) by inhibiting activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in obese rats. In this study, we explore effects of CBS on aortic remodeling in obese rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity and underwent either CBS device implantation and stimulation or sham operation at 8 weeks. BP and body weight were measured weekly. RAS activity of WAT, histological, biochemical and functional profiles of aortas were detected after 16 weeks. CBS effectively decreased BP in obese rats, downregulated mRNA expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) and renin in WAT, concentrations of AGT, renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), protein levels of Ang II receptor 1 (AT1R) and Ang II receptor 2 (AT2R) in WAT were declined. CBS inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in aortas of obese rats, restrained vascular wall thickening and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic switching, increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, promoted endothelium-dependent vasodilatation by decreasing protein expression of AT1R and leptin receptor (LepR), increasing protein expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in aortic VSMCs. CONCLUSION CBS reduced BP and reversed aortic remodeling in obese rats, the underlying mechanism might be related to the suppressed SNS activity, restored adipocytokine secretion and restrained RAS activity of WAT.
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MESH Headings
- Adipokines/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Arterial Pressure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electric Stimulation Therapy/instrumentation
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Implantable Neurostimulators
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Obesity/therapy
- Pressoreceptors/physiopathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adiponectin
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System
- Vascular Remodeling
- Vasodilation
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou 441300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaile Gao
- Wuhan Ninth People's Hospital, 20 Jilin Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangwang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Fu X, Zong T, Yang P, Li L, Wang S, Wang Z, Li M, Li X, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Htet Aung LH, Yang Y, Yu T. Nicotine: Regulatory roles and mechanisms in atherosclerosis progression. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112154. [PMID: 33774093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The smoke produced by tobacco burning contains more than 7000 chemicals, among which nicotine is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Nicotine, a selective cholinergic agonist, accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. This review introduces the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms involving nicotine and its receptors. Herein, we focus on the various roles of nicotine in atherosclerosis, such as upregulation of growth factors, inflammation, and the dysfunction of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) as well as macrophages. In addition, nicotine can stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species, cause abnormal lipid metabolism, and activate immune cells leading to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Exosomes, are currently a research hotspot, due to their important connections with macrophages and the VSMC, and may represent a novel application into future preventive treatment to promote the prevention of smoking-related atherosclerosis. In this review, we will elaborate on the regulatory mechanism of nicotine on atherosclerosis, as well as the effects of interference with nicotine receptors and the use of exosomes to prevent atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 66000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
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Iop L. Toward the Effective Bioengineering of a Pathological Tissue for Cardiovascular Disease Modeling: Old Strategies and New Frontiers for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:591583. [PMID: 33748193 PMCID: PMC7969521 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still represent the primary cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical modeling by recapitulating human pathophysiology is fundamental to advance the comprehension of these diseases and propose effective strategies for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In silico, in vivo, and in vitro models have been applied to dissect many cardiovascular pathologies. Computational and bioinformatic simulations allow developing algorithmic disease models considering all known variables and severity degrees of disease. In vivo studies based on small or large animals have a long tradition and largely contribute to the current treatment and management of CVDs. In vitro investigation with two-dimensional cell culture demonstrates its suitability to analyze the behavior of single, diseased cellular types. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and the application of bioengineering principles raised the bar toward in vitro three-dimensional modeling by enabling the development of pathological tissue equivalents. This review article intends to describe the advantages and disadvantages of past and present modeling approaches applied to provide insights on some of the most relevant congenital and acquired CVDs, such as rhythm disturbances, bicuspid aortic valve, cardiac infections and autoimmunity, cardiovascular fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and calcific aortic valve stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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9
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Maternal high-fat-diet exposure is associated with elevated blood pressure and sustained increased leptin levels through epigenetic memory in offspring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 33431976 PMCID: PMC7801715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolism dysregulation during pregnancy predisposes offspring to major diseases, including hypertension, in later life, but the mechanism involved remains to be fully elucidated. A high-fat-diet (HFD) pregnant rat model was used to investigate whether excessive intrauterine lipid exposure was associated with elevated blood pressure in offspring and increased levels of leptin, an important biomarker and mediator of vascular dysfunction and hypertension. We found that gestational hyperlipidemia predisposed offspring to blood pressure elevation and sustained increases in leptin levels with no difference in body weight in the rat model. Increased leptin expression and leptin promoter hypomethylation were found in adipose tissues of HFD-exposed offspring. The treatment of mesenchymal stem cells with free fatty acids during adipogenic differentiation resulted in increased leptin expression, accompanied by leptin promoter hypomethylation. In addition, we also followed up 121 children to evaluate the association between maternal triglyceride levels and offspring blood pressure. Consistent with the animal study results, we observed elevated serum leptin levels and blood pressure in the offspring born to women with gestational hypertriglyceridemia. Our findings provide new insights that maternal hyperlipidemia is associated with elevated blood pressure in offspring and is associated with increases in leptin levels through epigenetic memory.
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10
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Ye T, Zhang G, Liu H, Shi J, Qiu H, Liu Y, Han F, Hou N. Relationships Between Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:704845. [PMID: 34194399 PMCID: PMC8236981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.704845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are typically asymptomatic, and there is a high mortality rate associated with aneurysm rupture. AAA pathogenesis involves extracellular matrix degradation, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, inflammation, and oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence of excessive adipocyte accumulation in ruptured AAA walls. These excessive numbers of adipocytes in the vascular wall have been closely linked with AAA progression. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a unique type of adipose tissue, can be involved in adipocyte accumulation in the AAA wall. PVAT produces various chemokines and adipocytokines around vessels to maintain vascular homeostasis through paracrine and autocrine mechanisms in normal physiological conditions. Nevertheless, PVAT loses its normal function and promotes the progression of vascular diseases in pathological conditions. There is evidence of significantly reduced AAA diameter in vessel walls of removed PVAT. There is a need to highlight the critical roles of cytokines, cells, and microRNA derived from PVAT in the regulation of AAA development. PVAT may constitute an important therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AAAs. In this review, we discuss the relationship between PVAT and AAA development; we also highlight the potential for PVAT-derived factors to serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hangyu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Ningning Hou, ; Fang Han,
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Ningning Hou, ; Fang Han,
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11
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Tedjawirja VN, Nieuwdorp M, Yeung KK, Balm R, de Waard V. A Novel Hypothesis: A Role for Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development in Postmenopausal Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:726107. [PMID: 34721292 PMCID: PMC8548664 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.726107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the abdominal aorta, which can potentially be fatal due to exsanguination following rupture. Although AAA is less prevalent in women, women with AAA have a more severe AAA progression compared to men as reflected by enhanced aneurysm growth rates and a higher rupture risk. Women are diagnosed with AAA at an older age than men, and in line with increased osteoporosis and cardiovascular events, the delayed AAA onset has been attributed to the reduction of the protective effect of oestrogens during the menopausal transition. However, new insights have shown that a high follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level during menopause may also play a key role in those diseases. In this report we hypothesize that FSH may aggravate AAA development and progression in postmenopausal women via a direct and/or indirect role, promoting aorta pathology. Since FSH receptors (FSHR) are reported on many other cell types than granulosa cells in the ovaries, it is feasible that FSH stimulation of FSHR-bearing cells such as aortic endothelial cells or inflammatory cells, could promote AAA formation directly. Indirectly, AAA progression may be influenced by an FSH-mediated increase in osteoporosis, which is associated with aortic calcification. Also, an FSH-mediated decrease in cholesterol uptake by the liver and an increase in cholesterol biosynthesis will increase the cholesterol level in the circulation, and subsequently promote aortic atherosclerosis and inflammation. Lastly, FSH-induced adipogenesis may lead to obesity-mediated dysfunction of the microvasculature of the aorta and/or modulation of the periaortic adipose tissue. Thus the long term increased plasma FSH levels during the menopausal transition may contribute to enhanced AAA disease in menopausal women and could be a potential novel target for treatment to lower AAA-related events in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N. Tedjawirja
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Victoria N. Tedjawirja,
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron Balm
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Hu C, Liu J, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Perivascular Adipose Tissue as an Indication, Contributor to, and Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:615503. [PMID: 33391033 PMCID: PMC7775482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been identified to have significant endocrine and paracrine functions, such as releasing bioactive adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, rather than a non-physiological structural tissue. Considering the contiguity with the vascular wall, PVAT could play a crucial role in the pathogenic microenvironment of atherosclerosis. Growing clinical evidence has shown an association between PVAT and atherosclerosis. Moreover, based on computed tomography, the fat attenuation index of PVAT was verified as an indication of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, PVAT shows a proatherogenic phenotype by increasing the release of factors that induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration, thus contributing to atherosclerosis. Growing animal and human studies have investigated the mechanism of the above process, which has yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, traditional treatments for atherosclerosis have been proven to act on PVAT, and we found several studies focused on novel drugs that target PVAT for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Emerging as an indication, contributor to, and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, PVAT warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang YY, Shi YN, Zhu N, Zhao TJ, Guo YJ, Liao DF, Dai AG, Qin L. PVAT targets VSMCs to regulate vascular remodelling: angel or demon. J Drug Target 2020; 29:467-475. [PMID: 33269623 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1859515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodelling refers to abnormal changes in the structure and function of blood vessel walls caused by injury, and is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. Among them, the neointimal hyperplasia caused by abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular remodelling. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can release vasoactive substances to target VSMCs and regulate the pathological process of vascular remodelling. Specifically, PVAT can promote the conversion of VSMCs phenotype from contraction to synthesis by secreting visfatin, leptin, and resistin, and participate in the development of vascular remodelling-related diseases. Conversely, it can also inhibit the growth of VSMCs by secreting adiponectin and omentin to prevent neointimal hyperplasia and alleviate vascular remodelling. Therefore, exploring and developing new drugs or other treatments that facilitate the beneficial effects of PVAT on VSMCs is a potential strategy for prevention or treatment of vascular remodelling-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Tan-Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jie Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Guo Dai
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
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14
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AlZaim I, Hammoud SH, Al-Koussa H, Ghazi A, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602088. [PMID: 33282920 PMCID: PMC7705180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H. Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Ghazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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15
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Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckolon Attenuates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Phenotype Switching in Hyperlipidemia through Modulation of Chemokine Receptor 5. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080393. [PMID: 32727125 PMCID: PMC7460451 DOI: 10.3390/md18080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and phenotype switching from contractile to synthetic. This process is involved in arterial remodeling via the chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5)/chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) pathway. Arterial remodeling is related to atherosclerosis or intimal hyperplasia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) from E. cava reduces VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching via the CCL5/CCR5 pathway. The CCL5/CCR5 expression, VSMC proliferation and phenotypic alterations were evaluated using a cell model of VSMC exposed in hyperlipidemia, and an animal model of mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD). The expression of CCL5/CCR5 increased in both the cell and animal models of hyperlipidemia. Treatment with PPB decreased CCL5/CCR5 expression in both models. The expression of contractile markers of VSMCs, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and smooth muscle protein 22 alpha (SM22α), were decreased by hyperlipidemia and restored after treatment with PPB. The silencing of CCR5 attenuated the effects of PPB treatment. VSMC proliferation and the intima-media thickness of the aortas, increased with HFD and decreased after treatment with PPB. The VSMC proliferation ratio and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of cell cycle regulatory factors increased in the in vitro model and were restored after treatment with PPB. PPB treatment reduced VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching induced by hyperlipidemia through inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 pathway.
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16
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Samuel O O. Review on multifaceted involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in vascular pathology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107259. [PMID: 32692664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat tissue deposit that encircles the vasculature. PVAT is traditionally known to protect the vasculature from external stimuli that could cause biological stress. In addition to the protective role of PVAT, it secretes certain biologically active substances known as adipokines that induce paracrine effects on proximate blood vessels. These adipokines influence vascular tones. There are different types of PVAT and they are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These are the white and brown PVATs. Under certain conditions, white PVAT could undergo phenotypic switch to attain a brown PVAT-like phenotype. This type of PVAT is referred to as Beige PVAT. The morphology of adipose tissue is influenced by species, age, and sex. These factors play significant roles in adipose tissue mass, functionality, paracrine activity, and predisposition to vascular diseases. The difficulty that is currently experienced in extrapolating animal models to human physiology could be traceable to these factors. Up till now, the involvement of PVAT in the development of vascular pathology is still not well understood. Brown and white PVAT contribute differently to vascular pathology. Thus, the PVAT could be a therapeutic target in curbing certain vascular diseases. In this review, knowledge would be updated on the multifaceted involvement of PVAT in vascular pathology and also explore its vascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olapoju Samuel O
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardiometabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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17
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Man AWC, Zhou Y, Xia N, Li H. Perivascular Adipose Tissue as a Target for Antioxidant Therapy for Cardiovascular Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E574. [PMID: 32630640 PMCID: PMC7402161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is the connective tissue surrounding most of the systemic blood vessels. PVAT is now recognized as an important endocrine tissue that maintains vascular homeostasis. Healthy PVAT has anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative roles. Vascular oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological event in cardiometabolic complications of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Accumulating data from both humans and experimental animal models suggests that PVAT dysfunction is potentially linked to cardiovascular diseases, and associated with augmented vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial remodeling. Reactive oxygen species produced from PVAT can be originated from mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. PVAT can also sense vascular paracrine signals and response by secreting vasoactive adipokines. Therefore, PVAT may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on PVAT functions, ROS production, and oxidative stress in different pathophysiological settings and discuss the potential antioxidant therapies for cardiovascular diseases by targeting PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
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18
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Perivascular adipose tissue in age-related vascular disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101040. [PMID: 32112889 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a crucial regulator of vascular homeostasis, is actively involved in vascular dysfunction during aging. PVAT releases various adipocytokines, chemokines and growth factors. In an endocrine and paracrine manner PVAT-derived factors regulate vascular signalling and inflammation modulating functions of adjacent layers of the vasculature. Pathophysiological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, vascular injury and aging can cause PVAT dysfunction, leading to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunctions. We and others have suggested that PVAT is involved in the inflammatory response of the vascular wall in diet induced obesity animal models leading to vascular dysfunction due to disappearance of the physiological anticontractile effect. Previous studies confirm a crucial role for pinpointed PVAT inflammation in promoting vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in aging, enhancing the risk for development of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss several studies and mechanisms linking PVAT to age-related vascular diseases. An overview of the suggested roles played by PVAT in different disorders associated with the vasculature such as endothelial dysfunction, neointimal formation, aneurysm, vascular contractility and stiffness will be performed. PVAT may be considered a potential target for therapeutic intervention in age-related vascular disease.
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19
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Chang L, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Regulates Vascular Function by Targeting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1094-1109. [PMID: 32188271 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.312464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are present at multiple locations in the body. Most blood vessels are surrounded with adipose tissue which is referred to as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Similarly to adipose tissues at other locations, PVAT harbors many types of cells which produce and secrete adipokines and other undetermined factors which locally modulate PVAT metabolism and vascular function. Uncoupling protein-1, which is considered as a brown fat marker, is also expressed in PVAT of rodents and humans. Thus, compared with other adipose tissues in the visceral area, PVAT displays brown-like characteristics. PVAT shows a distinct function in the cardiovascular system compared with adipose tissues in other depots which are not adjacent to the vascular tree. Growing and extensive studies have demonstrated that presence of normal PVAT is required to maintain the vasculature in a functional status. However, excessive accumulation of dysfunctional PVAT leads to vascular disorders, partially through alteration of its secretome which, in turn, affects vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we highlight the cross talk between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle cells and its roles in vascular remodeling and blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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20
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Shi L. Role of the Balance of Akt and MAPK Pathways in the Exercise-Regulated Phenotype Switching in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225690. [PMID: 31766280 PMCID: PMC6888552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching and the critical signal modulation affecting the VSMCs remain controversial. Physical exercise acts as an effective drug in preventing elevated blood pressure and improving vascular function. This study was designed to explore the influence of aerobic exercise on the suppression of VSMC phenotype switching by balancing of the Akt, also known as PKB (protein kinase B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive rats were subjected to exercise treatment before measuring the vascular morphological and structural performances. Exercise induced reverse expression of VSMC protein markers (α-SM-actin, calponin, and osteopontin (OPN)) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. It is noteworthy that the low expression of phosphorylated Akt significantly decreased the expression of VSMC contractile phenotype markers (α-SM-actin and calponin) and increased the expression of the VSMC synthetic phenotype marker (OPN). However, the MAPK signal pathway exerts an opposite effect. VSMCs and whole vessels were treated by inhibitors, namely the p-Akt inhibitor, p-ERK inhibitor, and p-p38 MAPK inhibitors. VSMC phenotype markers were reversed. It is important to note that a significant reverse regulatory relationship was observed between the expression levels of MAPK and the contractile markers in both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We demonstrate that aerobic exercise regulates the VSMC phenotype switching by balancing the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingjing Yu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6298-9582
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21
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Liu R, Chen B, Chen J, Lan J. Leptin upregulates smooth muscle cell expression of MMP-9 to promote plaque destabilization by activating AP-1 via the leptin receptor/MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5327-5333. [PMID: 30542491 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been reported to be expressed in carotid atherosclerotic plaques, where it can promote lesion instability. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are known to contribute to the weakening of atherosclerotic plaques via the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The present study investigated whether leptin promotes plaque rupture by increasing the expression of MMP in SMCs in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the neointima/media ratio and expression of MMP in the carotid artery of ob/ob mice were measured following carotid ligation and systemic administration of leptin. In vitro, the effect of leptin treatment on the expression of MMP in isolated SMCs and the underlying signaling pathways were investigated by gelatin zymography and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that leptin treatment significantly increased the neointima/media ratio and expression of MMP-9 in the carotid artery of mice following carotid ligation. In vitro, leptin also significantly increased the expression and activity of MMP-9 in cultured SMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Leptin also increased the production of MMP-9 by activating leptin receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which in turn enhanced the binding of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) to the MMP-9 promoter. The inhibition of leptin-activated phosphorylation of ERK and JNK suppressed the leptin-stimulated expression of AP-1 and MMP-9. Leptin treatment induced the expression of MMP-9 in SMCs, suggesting that leptin may have substantial involvement in plaque rupture by promoting the degradation of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, P.R. China
| | - Benfa Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Donghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, P.R. China
| | - Jiemin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, P.R. China
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22
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Qi XY, Qu SL, Xiong WH, Rom O, Chang L, Jiang ZS. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:134. [PMID: 30305178 PMCID: PMC6180425 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), the adipose tissue that surrounds most of the vasculature, has emerged as an active component of the blood vessel wall regulating vascular homeostasis and affecting the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although PVAT characteristics resemble both brown and white adipose tissues, recent evidence suggests that PVAT develops from its own distinct precursors implying a closer link between PVAT and vascular system. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has potent anti-atherogenic properties mediated by its ability to secrete various biologically active factors that induce non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolize fatty acids. In contrast, under pathological conditions (mainly obesity), PVAT becomes dysfunctional, loses its thermogenic capacity and secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines that induce endothelial dysfunction and infiltration of inflammatory cells, promoting atherosclerosis development. Since PVAT plays crucial roles in regulating key steps of atherosclerosis development, it may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we review the current literature regarding the roles of PVAT in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Oren Rom
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
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Grigoraş A, Amalinei C, Balan RA, Giuşcă SE, Avădănei ER, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID. Adipocytes spectrum - From homeostasia to obesity and its associated pathology. Ann Anat 2018; 219:102-120. [PMID: 30049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Firstly identified by anatomists, the fat tissue is nowadays an area of intense research due to increased global prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases. Histologically, there are four types of fat tissue cells which are currently recognized (white, brown, beige, and perivascular adipocytes). Therefore, in this study we are reviewing the most recent data regarding the origin, structure, and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of adipocytes. White adipocytes can store triglycerides as a consequence of lipogenesis, under the regulation of growth hormone or leptin and adiponectin, and release fatty acids resulted from lipolysis, under the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, glucocorticoids, TNF-α, insulin, and natriuretic peptides. Brown adipocytes possess a mitochondrial transmembrane protein thermogenin or UCP1 which allows heat generation. Recently, thermogenic, UCP positive adipocytes have been identified in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue and have been named beige adipocytes. The nature of these cells is still controversial, as current theories are suggesting their origin either by transdifferentiation of white adipocytes, or by differentiation from an own precursor cell. Perivascular adipocytes surround most of the arteries, exhibiting a supportive role and being involved in the maintenance of intravascular temperature. Thoracic perivascular adipocytes resemble brown adipocytes, while abdominal ones are more similar to white adipocytes and, consequently, are involved in obesity-induced inflammatory reactions. The factors involved in the regulation of adipose stem cells differentiation may represent potential pathways to inhibit or to divert adipogenesis. Several molecules, such as pro-adipogenic factors (FGF21, BMP7, BMP8b, and Cox-2), cell surface proteins or receptors (Asc-1, PAT2, P2RX5), and hypothalamic receptors (MC4R) have been identified as the most promising targets for the development of future therapies. Further investigations are necessary to complete the knowledge about adipose tissue and the development of a new generation of therapeutic tools based on molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grigoraş
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Raluca Anca Balan
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Simona Eliza Giuşcă
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Elena Roxana Avădănei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Irina-Draga Căruntu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
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Zhang L, Xu Z, Wu Y, Liao J, Zeng F, Shi L. Akt/eNOS and MAPK signaling pathways mediated the phenotypic switching of thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle cells in aging/hypertensive rats. Physiol Res 2018; 67:543-553. [PMID: 29750880 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence demonstrates that phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is influenced by aging and hypertension. During phenotypic switching, VSMCs undergo a switch to a proliferative and migratory phenotype, with this switch being a common pathology in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the joint influence of age and hypertension on thoracic aortic smooth muscle phenotypic switching and the balance of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling during this switch. Different ages of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used to establish hypertension and aging models. The phenotypic state was determined by detecting the marker proteins alpha-SM-actin, calponin, and osteopontin (OPN) via immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Signaling proteins associated with the Akt and MAPK pathways were detected in rat thoracic aorta using Western blot. Both aging and hypertension caused a decrease in contractile (differentiated) phenotype markers (alpha-SM-actin and calponin), while the synthetic (proliferative or de-differentiated) phenotype maker was elevated (OPN). When combining hypertension and aging, this effect was enhanced, with Akt signaling decreased, while MAPK signaling was increased. These results suggested that VSMCs phenotype switching is modulated by a balance between Akt and MAPK signaling in the process of aging and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Hildebrand S, Stümer J, Pfeifer A. PVAT and Its Relation to Brown, Beige, and White Adipose Tissue in Development and Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29467675 PMCID: PMC5808192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is commonly categorized into three types with distinct functions, phenotypes, and anatomical localizations. White adipose tissue (WAT) is the major energy store; the largest depots of WAT are found in subcutaneous or intravisceral sites. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for energy dissipation during cold-exposure (i.e., non-shivering thermogenesis) and is primarily located in the interscapular region. Beige or brite (brown-in-white) adipose tissue can be found interspersed in WAT and can attain a brown-like phenotype. These three types of tissues also have endocrine functions and play major roles in whole body metabolism especially in obesity and its co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease. Over the last years, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has emerged as an adipose organ with endocrine and paracrine functions. Pro and anti-inflammatory agents released by PVAT affect vascular health, and are implicated in the inflammatory aspects of atherosclerosis. PVAT shares several of the defining characteristics of brown adipose tissue, including its cellular morphology and expression of thermogenic genes characteristic for brown adipocytes. However, PVATs from different vessels are phenotypically different, and significant developmental differences exist between PVAT and other adipose tissues. Whether PVAT represents classical BAT, beige adipose tissue, or WAT with changing characteristics, is unclear. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how PVAT relates to other types of adipose tissue, both in terms of functionality, developmental origins, and its role in obesity-related cardiovascular disease and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Hildebrand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jasmin Stümer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Horimatsu T, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Non-atherosclerotic Vascular Disease. Front Physiol 2017; 8:969. [PMID: 29234289 PMCID: PMC5712360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most large blood vessels and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. PVAT releases various chemokines and adipocytokines, functioning in an endocrine and paracrine manner to regulate vascular signaling and inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that PVAT plays an important role in atherosclerosis and hypertension; however, the role of PVAT in non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including neointimal formation, aortic aneurysm, arterial stiffness and vasculitis, has received far less attention. Increasing evidence suggests that PVAT responds to mechanical endovascular injury and regulates the subsequent formation of neointima via factors that promote smooth muscle cell growth, adventitial inflammation and neovascularization. Circumstantial evidence also links PVAT to the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms and vasculitic syndromes, such as Takayasu's arteritis, where infiltration and migration of inflammatory cells from PVAT into the vascular wall may play a contributory role. Moreover, in obesity, PVAT has been implicated to promote stiffness of elastic arteries via the production of reactive oxygen species. This review will discuss the growing body of data and mechanisms linking PVAT to the pathogenesis of non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases in experimental animal models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Horimatsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Fernandes CR, Kannen V, Mata KM, Frajacomo FT, Jordão Junior AA, Gasparotto B, Sakita JY, Elias Junior J, Leonardi DS, Mauad FM, Ramos SG, Uyemura SA, Garcia SB. High-Fat and Fat-Enriched Diets Impair the Benefits of Moderate Physical Training in the Aorta and the Heart in Rats. Front Nutr 2017; 4:21. [PMID: 28573134 PMCID: PMC5435813 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Millions of people die each year due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A Western lifestyle not only fuses a significant intake of fat with physical inactivity and obesity but also promotes CVD. Recent evidence suggests that dietary fat intake impairs the benefits of physical training. We investigated whether aerobic training could reverse the adverse effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the aorta. Then, we explored whether this type of exercise could reverse the damage to the heart that is imposed by fat-enriched diet (FED). METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to two experiments, which lasted 8 weeks each. First, rats swam for 60 min and were fed either a regular diet [standard diet (STD)] or an HFD. After aortic samples had been collected, the rats underwent a histopathological analysis for different biomarkers. Another experiment subjected rats that were fed either an STD or an FED to swimming for 20 or 90 min. RESULTS The first experiment revealed that rats that were subjected to an HFD-endured increased oxidative damage in the aorta that exercises could not counteract. Together with increased cyclooxygenase 2 expression, an HFD in combination with physical training increased the number of macrophages. A reduction in collagen fibers with an increased number of positive α-actin cells and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 occurred concomitantly. Upon analyzing the second experiment, we found that physically training rats that were given an FED for 90 min/day decreased the cardiac adipose tissue density, although it did not protect the heart from fat-induced oxidative damage. Even though the physical training lowered cholesterol levels that were promoted by the FED, the levels were still higher than those in the animals that were given an STD. Feeding rats an FED impaired the swimming protocol's effects on lowering triglyceride concentration. Additionally, exercise was unable to reverse the fat-induced deregulation in hepatic antioxidant and lipid peroxidation activities. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that an increased intake of fat undermines the potential benefits of physical exercise on the heart and the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Gasparotto
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Yumi Sakita
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Akira Uyemura
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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28
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Tzeng HP, Lan KC, Yang TH, Chung MN, Liu SH. Benzo[a]pyrene activates interleukin-6 induction and suppresses nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178063. [PMID: 28531207 PMCID: PMC5439712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been suggested to be capable of initiating and/or accelerating atherosclerosis. Accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vessel intima is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Nitric oxide (NO) can suppress VSMCs proliferation and induce VSMCs apoptosis. NO plays a compensatory role in the vascular lesions to reduce proliferation and/or accelerate apoptosis of VSMCs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether benzo[a]pyrene can affect VSMCs growth and apoptosis induced by NO. Benzo[a]pyrene (1–30 μmol/L) did not affect the cell number and cell cycle distribution in VSMCs under serum deprivation condition. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in VSMCs. Benzo[a]pyrene significantly suppressed SNP-induced cell viability reduction and apoptosis. VSMCs cultured in conditioned medium from cells treated with benzo[a]pyrene could also prevent SNP-induced apoptosis. Benzo[a]pyrene was capable of inducing the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in VSMCs. Both NF-κB inhibitor and p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of benzo[a]pyrene on SNP-treated VSMCs. Incubation of VSMCs with benzo[a]pyrene significantly and dose-dependently increased interleukin (IL)-6 production. A neutralizing antibody to IL-6 effectively reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of benzo[a]pyrene on SNP-treated VSMCs. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that benzo[a]pyrene activates IL-6 induction and protects VSMCs from NO-induced apoptosis. These findings propose a new mechanism for the atherogenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ping Tzeng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ni Chung
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Lee Y, Fluckey JD, Chakraborty S, Muthuchamy M. Hyperglycemia- and hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance causes alterations in cellular bioenergetics and activation of inflammatory signaling in lymphatic muscle. FASEB J 2017; 31:2744-2759. [PMID: 28298335 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600887r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a well-known risk factor for obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and associated cardiovascular diseases, but its mechanisms are undefined in the lymphatics. Mesenteric lymphatic vessels from MetSyn or LPS-injected rats exhibited impaired intrinsic contractile activity and associated inflammatory changes. Hence, we hypothesized that insulin resistance in lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs) affects cell bioenergetics and signaling pathways that consequently alter contractility. LMCs were treated with different concentrations of insulin or glucose or both at various time points to determine insulin resistance. Onset of insulin resistance significantly impaired glucose uptake, mitochondrial function, oxygen consumption rates, glycolysis, lactic acid, and ATP production in LMCs. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia also impaired the PI3K/Akt while enhancing the ERK/p38MAPK/JNK pathways in LMCs. Increased NF-κB nuclear translocation and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 and VCAM-1 levels in insulin-resistant LMCs indicated activation of inflammatory mechanisms. In addition, increased phosphorylation of myosin light chain-20, a key regulator of lymphatic muscle contraction, was observed in insulin-resistant LMCs. Therefore, our data elucidate the mechanisms of insulin resistance in LMCs and provide the first evidence that hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia promote insulin resistance and impair lymphatic contractile status by reducing glucose uptake, altering cellular metabolic pathways, and activating inflammatory signaling cascades.-Lee, Y., Fluckey, J. D., Chakraborty, S., Muthuchamy, M. Hyperglycemia- and hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance causes alterations in cellular bioenergetics and activation of inflammatory signaling in lymphatic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - James D Fluckey
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA;
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA;
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Welly RJ, Liu TW, Zidon TM, Rowles JL, Park YM, Smith TN, Swanson KS, Padilla J, Vieira-Potter VJ. Comparison of Diet versus Exercise on Metabolic Function and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1688-98. [PMID: 27128671 PMCID: PMC4987217 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cardiometabolic impairments that begin early in life are particularly critical, because they often predict metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. Obesity, high-fat diet (HFD), and inactivity are all associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), major predictors of metabolic dysfunction. Recent evidence has also associated the gut microbiome with cardiometabolic health. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to compare equal energy deficits induced by exercise and caloric reduction on cardiometabolic disease risk parameters including AT inflammation, IR, and gut microbiota changes during HFD consumption. METHODS Obesity-prone rats fed HFD were exercise trained (Ex, n = 10) or weight matched to Ex via caloric reduction although kept sedentary (WM, n = 10), and compared with ad libitum HFD-fed (Sed, n = 10) rats for IR, systemic energetics and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), adiposity, and fasting metabolic parameters. Visceral, subcutaneous, periaortic, and brown AT (BAT), liver, aorta, and cecal digesta were examined. RESULTS Despite identical reductions in adiposity, Ex, but not WM, improved IR, increased SPA by approximately 26% (P < 0.05 compared with WM and Sed), and reduced LDL cholesterol (P < 0.05 compared with Sed). WM and Ex both reduced inflammatory markers in all AT depots and aorta, whereas only Ex increased indicators of mitochondrial function in BAT. Ex significantly increased the relative abundance of cecal Streptococcaceae and decreased S24-7 and one undefined genus in Rikenellaceae; WM induced similar changes but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Both Ex and WM reduced AT inflammation across depots, whereas Ex caused more robust changes to gut microbial communities, improved IR, increased fat oxidation, increased SPA, and increased indices of BAT mitochondrial function. Our findings add to the growing body of literature indicating that there are weight-loss-independent metabolic benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Tzu-Wen Liu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Terese M. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Joe L. Rowles
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - T. Nicholas Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Kelly S. Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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31
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Li H, Li M, Liu P, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li H, Yang S, Song Y, Yin Y, Gao L, Cheng S, Cai J, Tian G. Telmisartan Ameliorates Nephropathy in Metabolic Syndrome by Reducing Leptin Release From Perirenal Adipose Tissue. Hypertension 2016; 68:478-90. [PMID: 27296996 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with nephropathy. Along with common risk factors such as hypertension and hyperglycemia, adipocytokines released from perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) are implicated in the pathogenesis of MetS nephropathy. The study was designed to elucidate the adverse effects of PRAT-derived leptin on nephropathy and to determine whether the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist telmisartan exerts a renoprotective effect by decreasing the PRAT-derived leptin level in the high-fat diet-induced MetS rat. In MetS rats, PRAT-derived leptin expression increased concomitant with dysfunction of adipogenesis, and the activities of the angiotensin II-angiotensin II type 1 receptor and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin (1-7)-Mas receptor axes were imbalanced in PRAT. PRAT-derived leptin from MetS rats promoted proliferation of rat glomerular endothelial cells (GERs) by activating the p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, thereby contributing to the development of nephropathy. Long-term telmisartan treatment improved metabolic parameters and renal function, decreased the amount of PRAT, promoted adipogenesis, increased the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, restored balanced activities of the angiotensin II-AT1R and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin (1-7)-Mas axes, and exerted an indirect renoprotective effect on MetS rats by decreasing PRAT-derived leptin release. Our results demonstrate a novel link between nephropathy and PRAT in MetS and show that telmisartan confers an underlying protective effect on visceral adipose tissue and the kidney, suggesting that it has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of MetS-associated nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Min Li
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Ping Liu
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - YaPing Wang
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Heng Zhang
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - HongBin Li
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - ShiFeng Yang
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Yan Song
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - YanRong Yin
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Lan Gao
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Si Cheng
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Jun Cai
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
| | - Gang Tian
- From the Department of Critical Care Medicine (H.L., L.G.), Department of Cardiology (M.L., H.Z., H.L., Y.Y., S.C., G.T.), Department of Nephrology (S.Y.), and Department of Ultrasound Medicine (Y.S.), The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China (P.L.); Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (Y.W.); Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (J.C.); and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province on Molecular Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China on Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China (H.L., G.T.)
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Hsu PS, Wu CS, Chang JF, Lin WN. Leptin Promotes cPLA₂ Gene Expression through Activation of the MAPK/NF-κB/p300 Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27640-58. [PMID: 26593914 PMCID: PMC4661903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperplasia or hypertrophy of adipose tissues plays a crucial role in obesity, which is accompanied by the release of leptin. Recently, obesity was determined to be associated with various pulmonary diseases including asthma, acute lung injury, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, how obesity contributes to pulmonary diseases and whether leptin directly regulates lung inflammation remains unclear. We used cell and animal models to study the mechanisms of leptin mediation of pulmonary inflammation. We found that leptin activated de novo synthesis of cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2-α) in vitro in the lung alveolar type II cells, A549, and in vivo in ICR mice. Upregulated cPLA2-α protein was attenuated by pretreatment with an OB-R blocking antibody, U0126, SB202190, SP600125, Bay11-7086, garcinol, and p300 siRNA, suggesting roles of p42/p44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, NF-κB, and p300 in leptin effects. Leptin enhanced the activities of p42/p44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and p65 NF-κB in a time-dependent manner. Additional studies have suggested the participation of OB-R, p42/p44 MAPK, and JNK1/2 in leptin-increased p65 phosphorylation. Furthermore, p300 phosphorylation and histone H4 acetylation were reduced by blockage of OB-R, p42/p44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and NF-κB in leptin-stimulated cells. Similarly, blockage of the MAPKs/NF-κB/p300 cascade significantly inhibited leptin-mediated cPLA2-α mRNA expression. Our data as a whole showed that leptin contributed to lung cPLA2-α expression through OB-R-dependent activation of the MAPKs/NF-κB/p300 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Sung Hsu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Sheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Feng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, Sanxia 23702, Taiwan.
- PhD Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang 24205, Taiwan.
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33
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Bang C, Antoniades C, Antonopoulos AS, Eriksson U, Franssen C, Hamdani N, Lehmann L, Moessinger C, Mongillo M, Muhl L, Speer T, Thum T. Intercellular communication lessons in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:1091-103. [PMID: 26398116 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell or inter-organ communication allows the exchange of information and messages, which is essential for the coordination of cell/organ functions and the maintenance of homeostasis. It has become evident that dynamic interactions of different cell types play a major role in the heart, in particular during the progression of heart failure, a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Heart failure is associated with compensatory structural and functional changes mostly in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, which finally lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Intercellular communication within the heart is mediated mostly via direct cell-cell interaction or the release of paracrine signalling mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. However, recent studies have focused on the exchange of genetic information via the packaging into vesicles as well as the crosstalk of lipids and other paracrine molecules within the heart and distant organs, such as kidney and adipose tissue, which might all contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this review, we discuss emerging communication networks and respective underlying mechanisms which could be involved in cardiovascular disease conditions and further emphasize promising therapeutic targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tissue Biology Group, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constantijn Franssen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Lorenz Lehmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Moessinger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tissue Biology Group, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tissue Biology Group, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Excellence Cluster REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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