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Di YB, Bao Y, Guo J, Liu W, Zhang SX, Zhang GH, Li TK. Corneodesmosin as a potential target of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28397. [PMID: 36181011 PMCID: PMC9524877 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Corneodesmosin (CDSN) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the correlation between CDSN and the prognosis and survival time of patients with OSCC. METHODS Bioinformatics were used to identify the hub role of CDSN in the OSCC. A total of 200 patients with OSCC were recruited. Clinical and follow-up data were recorded, and the expression level of CDSN was detected. Pearson chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between prognosis and related parameters in patients with OSCC. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression and Cox proportional risk regression were applied for further analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve and survival curve of subjects were plotted. RESULTS CDSN was identified as the most significant hub gene of the OSCC by the cytoHubba. By the comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) analysis, there was strong relationship between the CDSN and mouth neoplasms, head and neck neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. The OSCC patients with low expression level of CDSN have poor overall survival compared with the high expression level of CDSN (HR = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.57-0.98, P = .036). Spearman correlation coefficient analysis showed that CDSN expression level was significantly correlated with prognosis (ρ = -0.528, P < .001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that poor prognosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.096, 95%CI: 0.049-0.189, P < .001) was significantly associated with low expression of CDSN. Cox regression analysis showed that the survival time of OSCC patients was shorter when CDSN expression was low (HR = 0.588, 95%CI: 0.420-0.823, P = .002). Strong predictive value of CDSN for the OSCC survival time was obtained by the biological process (BP)-neural network and support vector machine (SVM). CONCLUSION CDSN was significantly correlated with OSCC, and the shorter the survival time of patients with OSCC was, the worse the prognosis was.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Di
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bao
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Su-Xin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ke Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
- *Correspondence: Tian-Ke Li, Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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Gatti V, Bernassola F, Talora C, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. The Impact of the Ubiquitin System in the Pathogenesis of Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061595. [PMID: 32560247 PMCID: PMC7352818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system is a dynamic regulatory pathway controlling the activity, subcellular localization and stability of a myriad of cellular proteins, which in turn affects cellular homeostasis through the regulation of a variety of signaling cascades. Aberrant activity of key components of the ubiquitin system has been functionally linked with numerous human diseases including the initiation and progression of human tumors. In this review, we will contextualize the importance of the two main components of the ubiquitin system, the E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), in the etiology of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We will discuss the signaling pathways regulated by these enzymes, emphasizing the genetic and molecular determinants underlying their deregulation in SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gatti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Wang CI, Kao HK, Chen TW, Huang Y, Cheng HW, Yi JS, Hung SY, Wu CS, Lee YS, Chang KP. Characterization of Copy Number Variations in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals a Novel Role for MLLT3 in Cell Invasiveness. Oncologist 2019; 24:e1388-e1400. [PMID: 31273053 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA copy number variations (CNVs) are a hallmark of cancer, and the current study aimed to demonstrate the profile of the CNVs for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and elucidate the clinicopathological associations and molecular mechanisms of a potential marker derived from CNVs, mixed-lineage leukemia translocated to chromosome 3 protein (MLLT3), in OSCC carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS CNVs in 37 OSCC tissue specimens were analyzed using a high-resolution microarray, the OncoScan array. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 127 OSCC and normal tissue samples. Cell function assays included cell cycle, migration, invasion and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS We found a novel copy number amplified region, chromosome 9p, encompassing MLLT3 via the comparison of our data set with six other OSCC genome-wide CNV data sets. MLLT3 overexpression was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with OSCC (p = .048). MLLT3 knockdown reduced cell migration and invasion. The reduced invasion ability in MLLT3-knockdown cells was rescued with double knockdown of MLLT3 and CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with ED rich carboxy-terminal domain 4 (CITED4; 21.0% vs. 61.5%). Knockdown of MLLT3 impaired disruptor of telomeric silencing-1-like (Dot1L)-associated hypermethylation in the promoter of the tumor suppressor, CITED4 (p < .001), and hence dysregulated HIF-1α-mediated genes (TWIST, MMP1, MMP2, VIM, and CDH1) in OSCC cells. CONCLUSION We identified unique CNVs in tumors of Taiwanese patients with OSCC. Notably, MLLT3 overexpression is related to the poorer prognosis of patients with OSCC and is required for Dot1L-mediated transcriptional repression of CITED4, leading to dysregulation of HIF-1α-mediated genes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This article reports unique copy number variations in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors of Taiwanese patients. Notably, MLLT3 overexpression is related to the poorer prognosis of patients with OSCC and is required for Dot1L-mediated transcriptional repression of CITED4, leading to dysregulation of HIF-1α-mediated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Kai Kao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Shan Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yu Hung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Liang HX, Liu HW. Inducible Expression of Ran1 and Its GDP- and GTP-Bound Mimetic Mutants Leads to Defects in Amitosis and Cytokinesis with Abnormal Cytoplasmic Microtubule Assembly. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dosi T, Gupta D, Hazari A, Rajput R, Chauhan P, Rajapuri AS. Assessment of micronuclei frequency in individuals with a habit of tobacco by means of exfoliated oral buccal cells. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:S143-7. [PMID: 27652247 PMCID: PMC5022392 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.189745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To study the genotoxic effects of tobacco on the exfoliated buccal epithelial cells in patients with oral precancerous lesions (OPLs) and Patients with tobacco habit but without oral precancerous lesion(habit controls) by using micronucleus assay as well as the quantification and detection of the biomarkers in these premalignant lesions which will be helpful in finding those patients who are at higher risk for malignant transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty samples were collected from the right and left side of buccal epithelial cells obtained from 20 individuals, i.e., 10 patients with habit control and 10 patients with OPLs. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 Unpaired t-test was performed to determine the micronucleated cell (MNC) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies in individuals; significance was set at P > 0.05. RESULTS There was an increase in both the MNC and MN frequency from habit controls to OPLs, indicating that the number of cells with chromosomal damage and extent of chromosomal damage in each cell was high in OPLs. CONCLUSION The MN count can be used as a noninvasive tool for early detection, educating patients, screening a large population, and to check the risk for malignancy, which in turn may help in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Dosi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dhaman Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Alka Hazari
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rajan Rajput
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prabhav Chauhan
- Department of Pedodontics, Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital, Jodhpur, India
| | - Anushri S Rajapuri
- Intern, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Mondal K, Mandal R, Sarkar BC. A study of Ki-67 expression and its clinicopathological determinants in nondysplastic oral leukoplakia. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:493-499. [PMID: 27994417 PMCID: PMC5141664 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.194106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Oral cancer is the third most prevalent malignancy in India. Leukoplakia is its most common precursor lesion. Aims: This study aimed at evaluation of the Ki-67 expression and thereby detection of the dysplastic potential in histopathologically nondysplastic oral leukoplakia (OL). Secondarily, another purpose was to correlate various clinicopathological factors with the labeling indices (LIs) of Ki-67 in those cases as well. Settings and Design: In total, 97 OL cases were examined. Relevant clinical and demographic information was retrieved from the pro forma, prefilled by the patients themselves during their first visit. Subjects and Methods: Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Its LIs were calculated and correlated with different clinicopathological parameters using statistical software SPSS version 16.0. Results: 58.8% (57 cases) lesions exhibited a Ki-67 positivity of ≤5%, and 25.8% (25 cases) lesions exhibited it in the range of 6%–25%. Only 15 (15.4%) patches were stained positively between 26% and 60%. Patients’ age beyond 50 years, nonhomogeneous leukoplakia, and tobacco addiction were the significant risk factors for high Ki-67 scores (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Ki-67 is an essential immunohistochemical marker for epithelial dysplasia in OL, especially when the conventional histopathology fails to appreciate the same. In this purpose, Ki-67 labeling on a routine basis delivers the most convenient results for patients aged above 50 years, and/or addicted to tobacco products, and/or suffering from nonhomogeneous patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Mondal
- Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupali Mandal
- Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Badal Chandra Sarkar
- Department of Oral Pathology, North Bengal Dental College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
The incidence of oral cancer remains high in both Asian and Western countries. Several risk factors associated with development of oral cancer are now well-known, including tobacco chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Cancerous risk factors may cause many genetic events through chromosomal alteration or mutations in genetic material and lead to progression and development of oral cancer through histological progress, carcinogenesis. Oral squamous carcinogenesis is a multistep process in which multiple genetic events occur that alter the normal functions of proto-oncogenes/oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Furthermore, these gene alterations can deregulate the normal activity such as increase in the production of growth factors (transforming growth factor-α [TGF-α], TGF-β, platelet-derived growth factor, etc.) or numbers of cell surface receptors (epidermal growth factor receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor, etc.), enhanced intracellular messenger signaling and mutated production of transcription factors (ras gene family, c-myc gene) which results disturb to tightly regulated signaling pathways of normal cell. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in oral cancer especially cyclin family, ras, PRAD-1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p53 and RB1. Viral infections, particularly with oncogenic human papilloma virus subtype (16 and 18) and Epstein-Barr virus have tumorigenic effect on oral epithelia. Worldwide, this is an urgent need to initiate oral cancer research programs at molecular and genetic level which investigates the causes of genetic and molecular defect, responsible for malignancy. This approach may lead to development of target dependent tumor-specific drugs and appropriate gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Krishna
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shraddha Singh
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U S Pal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu F, Du J, Xian J, Liu Y, Liu S, Lin Y. Improved therapeutic effectiveness by combining recombinant p14(ARF) with antisense complementary DNA of EGFR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:763-71. [PMID: 26545468 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor suppressor p14(ARF) and proto-oncogene epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) play important roles in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). This study was aimed to determine whether combining recombinant p14(ARF) with antisense complementary DNA of EGFR could improve the therapeutic effectiveness in LSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS After human larynx cancer cells (Hep-2) were infected with recombinant adenoviruses (Ad-p14(ARF) and Ad-antisense EGFR) together or alone in vitro, the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of Hep-2 cells were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometer analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the antitumor effects of recombinant adenoviruses together or alone on Hep-2 xenografts were examined in vivo. The levels of p14(ARF) and EGFR expressed in Hep-2 cells and xenografts were determined by western blot assay. RESULTS Ad-p14(ARF) combining with Ad-antisense EGFR markedly inhibited the Hep-2 proliferation compared with alone (P=0.001, P=0.002 respectively). Combination of Ad-p14(ARF) and Ad-antisense EGFR led to the proportion of Hep-2 cells in G0/G1 phases increased by up to 86.9%. The down-expression of EGFR protein and overexpression of p14(ARF) protein were observed in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was preserved when Ad-p14(ARF) was combined with Ad-antisense EGFR. Besides, Ad-p14(ARF) plus Ad-antisense EGFR significantly (P<0.05) increased the antitumor activity against Hep-2 tumor xenografts comparing with Ad-p14(ARF) or Ad-antisense EGFR alone. CONCLUSION Combination Ad-p14(ARF) with Ad-antisense EGFR significantly increased the antitumor responses in LSCC. An effectively potential gene therapy to prevent proliferation of LSCC was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - JinTao Du
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Xian
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yafeng Liu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixi Liu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, China
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Vincent-Chong VK, Salahshourifar I, Razali R, Anwar A, Zain RB. Immortalization of epithelial cells in oral carcinogenesis as revealed by genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization: A meta-analysis. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E783-97. [PMID: 25914319 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This purpose of this meta-analysis study was to identify the most frequent and potentially significant copy number alteration (CNA) in oral carcinogenesis. METHODS Seven oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-related publications, corresponding to 312 samples, were identified for this meta-analysis. The data were analyzed in a 4-step process that included the genome assembly coordination of multiple platforms, assignment of chromosomal position anchors, calling gains and losses, and functional annotation analysis. RESULTS Gains were more frequent than losses in the entire dataset. High-frequency gains were identified in chromosomes 5p, 14q, 11q, 7p, 17q, 20q, 8q, and 3q, whereas high-frequency losses were identified in chromosomes 3p, 8p, 6p, 18q, and 4q. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that the top biological function was associated with immortalization of the epithelial cells (p = 1.93E-04). CONCLUSION This study has identified multiple recurrent CNAs that are involved in various biological annotations associated with oral carcinogenesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E783-E797, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vui King Vincent-Chong
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iman Salahshourifar
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arif Anwar
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Liu F, Du J, Xian J, Liu Y, Liu S, Lin Y. WITHDRAWN: Improved therapeutic effectiveness by combining recombinant p14ARF with antisense complementary DNA of EGFR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2015:S0196-0709(15)00033-2. [PMID: 26585064 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - JinTao Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Xian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, 650101, People's Republic of China
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Vincent-Chong VK, Karen-Ng LP, Abdul Rahman ZA, Yang YH, Anwar A, Zakaria Z, Jayaprasad Pradeep P, Kallarakkal TG, Kiong Tay K, Thomas Abraham M, Mazlipah Ismail S, Zain RB. Distinct pattern of chromosomal alterations and pathways in tongue and cheek squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 36:1268-1278. [PMID: 31615169 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of behavioral difference between tongue and cheek squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) by verifying the copy number alterations (CNAs). METHODS Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was used to profile unique deletions and amplifications that are involved with tongue and cheek SCC, respectively. This was followed by pathway analysis relating to CNA genes from both sites. RESULTS The most frequently amplified regions in tongue SCC were 4p16.3, 11q13.4, and 13q34; whereas the most frequently deleted region was 19p12. For cheek SCC, the most frequently amplified region was identified on chromosome 9p24.1-9p23; whereas the most common deleted region was located on chromosome 8p23.1. Further analysis revealed that the most significant unique pathway related to tongue and cheek SCCs was the cytoskeleton remodeling and immune response effect on the macrophage differentiation pathway. CONCLUSION This study has showed the different genetic profiles and biological pathways between tongue and cheek SCCs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1268-1278, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vui King Vincent-Chong
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Peng Karen-Ng
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Arif Anwar
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Department of Haematology, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Padmaja Jayaprasad Pradeep
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keng Kiong Tay
- Oral Health Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Mazlipah Ismail
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Teixeira JH, Silva PM, Reis RM, Moura IM, Marques S, Fonseca J, Monteiro LS, Bousbaa H. An overview of the spindle assembly checkpoint status in oral cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:145289. [PMID: 24995269 PMCID: PMC4065761 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal chromosome number, or aneuploidy, is a common feature of human solid tumors, including oral cancer. Deregulated spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is thought as one of the mechanisms that drive aneuploidy. In normal cells, SAC prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are correctly aligned at the metaphase plate thereby ensuring genomic stability. Significantly, the activity of this checkpoint is compromised in many cancers. While mutations are rather rare, many tumors show altered expression levels of SAC components. Genomic alterations such as aneuploidy indicate a high risk of oral cancer and cancer-related mortality, and the molecular basis of these alterations is largely unknown. Yet, our knowledge on the status of SAC components in oral cancer remains sparse. In this review, we address the state of our knowledge regarding the SAC defects and the underlying molecular mechanisms in oral cancer, and discuss their therapeutic relevance, focusing our analysis on the core components of SAC and its target Cdc20.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Henrique Teixeira
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Manuela Silva
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Margarida Reis
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Inês Moranguinho Moura
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Marques
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Joana Fonseca
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Luís Silva Monteiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Chandirasekar R, Kumar BL, Sasikala K, Jayakumar R, Suresh K, Venkatesan R, Jacob R, Krishnapriya EK, Kavitha H, Ganesh GK. Assessment of genotoxic and molecular mechanisms of cancer risk in smoking and smokeless tobacco users. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 767:21-7. [PMID: 24769293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive forms of tobacco are widely used in developing countries such as India. We have evaluated genotoxicity endpoints (chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, comet assay) and polymorphisms of the XRCC1 and p53 genes among smokers and smokeless tobacco (SLT) users in rural Tamilnadu, South India. Cytogenetic, DNA damage and SNP analyses were performed on peripheral blood samples; micronucleus frequency was measured in peripheral blood and buccal mucosa exfoliated cells. Both categories of tobacco users had elevated levels of genotoxic damage. SNP analysis of tobacco users revealed that 17% carry the XRCC1 gln399gln genotype and 19% carry the p53 pro72pro genotype. Both genotypes are associated with increased risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandirasekar
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - B Lakshman Kumar
- Departments of Biotechnology and Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
| | - K Sasikala
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - K Suresh
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Venkatesan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raichel Jacob
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - E K Krishnapriya
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - H Kavitha
- Departments of Biotechnology and Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
| | - G Karthik Ganesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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STAG2 expression in oral cancer and potentially malignant lesions. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3641-5. [PMID: 24318971 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a world health problem, and one of the highest incidence rates of oral cancer worldwide occurs in Brazil. STAG2 is part of the cohesin complex which is responsible for sister chromatid cohesion. STAG2 loss of expression was reported in a range of tumors, and STAG2 loss was found to cause chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in cancer cells. On the basis of these findings, we investigated STAG2 expression in oral cancer and potentially malignant lesions. We investigated STAG2 immunoexpression in oral cancer, lip cancer, oral leukoplakia, and actinic cheilitis, including complete clinical information. Normal oral mucosa samples were included as normal controls. STAG2 protein was highly expressed in all samples. We further tested STAG2 expression in gastric adenocarcinomas and glioblastomas, as these tumor types were previously shown to lose STAG2 expression. We found homogenous expression of STAG2 by these tumor cells. Our results suggest that STAG2 loss of expression is not a common event in oral carcinogenesis.
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16
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The expression of embryonic liver development genes in hepatitis C induced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 4:945-68. [PMID: 23667740 PMCID: PMC3650861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4030945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a difficult disease to study even after a decade of genomic analysis. Patient and disease heterogeneity, differences in statistical methods and multiple testing issues have resulted in a fragmented understanding of the molecular basis of tumor biology. Some researchers have suggested that HCC appears to share pathways with embryonic development. Therefore we generated targeted hypotheses regarding changes in developmental genes specific to the liver in HCV-cirrhosis and HCV-HCC. We obtained microarray studies from 30 patients with HCV-cirrhosis and 49 patients with HCV-HCC and compared to 12 normal livers. Genes specific to non-liver development have known associations with other cancer types but none were expressed in either adult liver or tumor tissue, while 98 of 179 (55%) genes specific to liver development had differential expression between normal and cirrhotic or HCC samples. We found genes from each developmental stage dysregulated in tumors compared to normal and cirrhotic samples. Although there was no single tumor marker, we identified a set of genes (Bone Morphogenetic Protein inhibitors GPC3, GREM1, FSTL3, and FST) in which at least one gene was over-expressed in 100% of the tumor samples. Only five genes were differentially expressed exclusively in late-stage tumors, indicating that while developmental genes appear to play a profound role in cirrhosis and malignant transformation, they play a limited role in late-stage HCC.
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17
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Kumaran R, Yang SY, Leu JY. Characterization of chromosome stability in diploid, polyploid and hybrid yeast cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68094. [PMID: 23874507 PMCID: PMC3707968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability is a key component of cancer progression and many heritable diseases. Understanding why some chromosomes are more unstable than others could provide insight into understanding genome integrity. Here we systematically investigate the spontaneous chromosome loss for all sixteen chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying chromosome instability. We observed that the stability of different chromosomes varied more than 100-fold. Consistent with previous studies on artificial chromosomes, chromosome loss frequency was negatively correlated to chromosome length in S. cerevisiae diploids, triploids and S. cerevisiae-S. bayanus hybrids. Chromosome III, an equivalent of sex chromosomes in budding yeast, was found to be the most unstable chromosome among all cases examined. Moreover, similar instability was observed in chromosome III of S. bayanus, a species that diverged from S. cerevisiae about 20 million years ago, suggesting that the instability is caused by a conserved mechanism. Chromosome III was found to have a highly relaxed spindle checkpoint response in the genome. Using a plasmid stability assay, we found that differences in the centromeric sequence may explain certain aspects of chromosome instability. Our results reveal that even under normal conditions, individual chromosomes in a genome are subject to different levels of pressure in chromosome loss (or gain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Kumaran
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yow Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Leu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Giaretti W, Pentenero M, Gandolfo S, Castagnola P. Chromosomal instability, aneuploidy and routine high-resolution DNA content analysis in oral cancer risk evaluation. Future Oncol 2013; 8:1257-71. [PMID: 23130927 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogen exposure of the oral cavity is thought to create an extensive 'field cancerization'. According to this model, a very early precursor of oral cancer is a patch of normal-appearing mucosa in which stem cells share genetic/genomic aberrations. These precancerous fields then become clinically visible as white and red lesions (leuko- and erythro-plakias), which represent the vast majority of the oral potentially malignant disorders. This review focuses on aneuploidy (where it is from) and on biomarkers associated with DNA aneuploidy in oral mucosa and oral potentially malignant disorders, as detected by DNA image and flow cytometry. Data from the literature strongly support the association of DNA ploidy with dysplasia. However, work is still needed to prove the clinical value of DNA ploidy in large-scale prospective studies. Using high-resolution DNA flow cytometry with fresh/frozen material and the degree of DNA aneuploidy (DNA Index) might improve the prediction of risk of oral cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Giaretti
- Department of Diagnostic Oncology, Biophysics & Cytometry Section, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi n.10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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19
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Vincent-Chong VK, Anwar A, Karen-Ng LP, Cheong SC, Yang YH, Pradeep PJ, Rahman ZAA, Ismail SM, Zaini ZM, Prepageran N, Kallarakkal TG, Ramanathan A, Mohayadi NABM, Rosli NSBM, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Zain RB. Genome wide analysis of chromosomal alterations in oral squamous cell carcinomas revealed over expression of MGAM and ADAM9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54705. [PMID: 23405089 PMCID: PMC3566089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mortality and morbidity rates have not improved over the past decade. A major drawback in diagnosis and treatment of OSCC is the lack of knowledge relating to how genetic instability in oral cancer genomes affects oral carcinogenesis. Hence, the key aim of this study was to identify copy number alterations (CNAs) that may be cancer associated in OSCC using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). To our knowledge this is the first study to use ultra-high density aCGH microarrays to profile a large number of OSCC genomes (n = 46). The most frequently amplified CNAs were located on chromosome 11q11(52%), 2p22.3(52%), 1q21.3-q22(54%), 6p21.32(59%), 20p13(61%), 7q34(52% and 72%),8p11.23-p11.22(80%), 8q11.1-q24.4(54%), 9q13-q34.3(54%), 11q23.3-q25(57%); 14q21.3-q31.1(54%); 14q31.3-q32.33(57%), 20p13-p12.3(54%) and 20q11.21-q13.33(52%). The most frequently deleted chromosome region was located on 3q26.1 (54%). In order to verify the CNAs from aCGH using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the three top most amplified regions and their associated genes, namely ADAM5P (8p11.23-p11.22), MGAM (7q34) and SIRPB1 (20p13.1), were selected in this study. The ADAM5P locus was found to be amplified in 39 samples and deleted in one; MGAM (24 amplifications and 3 deletions); and SIRPB1 (12 amplifications, others undetermined). On the basis of putative cancer-related annotations, two genes, namely ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 (ADAM9) and maltase-glucoamylase alpha-glucosidase (MGAM), that mapped to CNA regions were selected for further evaluation of their mRNA expression using reverse transcriptase qPCR. The over-expression of MGAM was confirmed with a 6.6 fold increase in expression at the mRNA level whereas the fold change in ADAM9 demonstrated a 1.6 fold increase. This study has identified significant regions in the OSCC genome that were amplified and resulted in consequent over-expression of the MGAM and ADAM9 genes that may be utilized as biological markers for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vui King Vincent-Chong
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arif Anwar
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lee Peng Karen-Ng
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Padmaja Jayaprasad Pradeep
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mazlipah Ismail
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Narayanan Prepageran
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Otorhinolaringology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Keng Kiong Tay
- Oral Health Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Liang H, Xu J, Zhao D, Tian H, Yang X, Liang A, Wang W. Subcellular localization and role of Ran1 in Tetrahymena thermophila amitotic macronucleus. FEBS J 2012; 279:2520-33. [PMID: 22594798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amitosis, a direct method of cell division is common in ciliated protozoan, fungi and some animal and plant cells. During amitosis, intranuclear microtubules are reorganized into specified arrays which assist in separation of nucleus, despite lack of a bipolar spindle. However, the regulation of amitosis is not understood. Here, we focused on the localization and role of mitotic spindle assembly regulator: Ran GTPase (Ran1) in macronuclear amitosis in binucleated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. HA-tagged Ran1 was localized in the macronucleus throughout the cell cycle of Tetrahymena during vegetative growth, and the accessory factor binding domains of Ran1 contributed to its macronuclear localization. Incomplete somatic knockout of RAN1 resulted in aberrant intramacronuclear microtubule array formation, missegregation of macronuclear chromosomes and ultimately blocked macronuclei proliferation. When the Ran1 cycle was perturbed by overexpression of Ran1T25N (GDP-bound Ran1-mimetic) or Ran1Q70L (GTP-bound Ran1-mimetic), intramacronuclear microtubule assembly was inhibited or multi-micronucleate cells formed. These results suggest that Ran GTPase pathway is involved in assembly of a specialized intramacronuclear microtubule network and coordinates amitotic progression in Tetrahymena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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21
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Gasche JA, Hoffmann J, Boland CR, Goel A. Interleukin-6 promotes tumorigenesis by altering DNA methylation in oral cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1053-63. [PMID: 21710491 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 100,000 deaths each year. Chronic inflammation constitutes one of the key risk factors for OSCC. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant DNA methylation may contribute to OSCC tumorigenesis. This study investigated whether chronic inflammation alters DNA methylation and expression of cancer-associated genes in OSCC. We established an in vitro model of interleukin (IL)-6 mediating chronic inflammation in OSCC cell lines. Thereafter, we measured the ability of IL-6 to induce global hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) sequences, as well as CpG methylation changes using multiple methodologies including quantitative pyrosequencing, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and sensitive melting analysis after real-time-methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene expression was investigated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. IL-6 induced significant global LINE-1 hypomethylation (p=0.016) in our in vitro model of inflammatory stress in OSCC cell lines. Simultaneously, IL-6 induced CpG promoter methylation changes in several important putative tumor suppressor genes including CHFR, GATA5 and PAX6. Methylation changes correlated inversely with the changes in the expression of corresponding genes. Our results indicate that IL-6-induced inflammation promotes tumorigenesis in the oral cavity by altering global LINE-1 hypomethylation. In addition, concurrent hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes by IL-6 suggests that epigenetic gene silencing may be an important consequence of chronic inflammation in the oral cavity. These findings have clinical relevance, as both methylation and inflammation are suitable targets for developing novel preventive and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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22
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Roschke AV, Kirsch IR. Targeting karyotypic complexity and chromosomal instability of cancer cells. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 11:1341-50. [PMID: 20840077 DOI: 10.2174/1389450111007011341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple karyotypic abnormalities and chromosomal instability are characteristic features of many cancers that are relatively resistant to chemotherapeutic agents currently used in the clinic. These same features represent potentially targetable "states" that are essentially tumor specific. The assessment of the chromosomal state of a cancer cell population may provide a guide for the selection or development of drugs active against aggressive and intractable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Roschke
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building NNMC8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105, USA.
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23
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Genescà A, Pampalona J, Frías C, Domínguez D, Tusell L. Role of telomere dysfunction in genetic intratumor diversity. Adv Cancer Res 2011; 112:11-41. [PMID: 21925300 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387688-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most solid tumors are unable to maintain the stability of their genomes at the chromosome level. Indeed, cancer cells display highly rearranged karyotypes containing translocations, amplifications, deletions, and gains and losses of whole chromosomes, which reshuffle steadily. This chromosomal instability most likely occurs early in the development of cancer, and may represent an important step in promoting the multiple genetic changes required for the initiation and/or progression of the disease. Different mechanisms may underlie chromosome instability in cancer cells, but a prominent role for telomeres, the tip of linear chromosomes, has been determined. Telomeres are ribonucleoprotein structures that prevent natural chromosome ends being recognized as DNA double-strand breaks, by adopting a loop structure. Loss of telomere function appears from either alteration on telomere-binding proteins or from the progressive telomere shortening that normally occurs under physiological conditions in the majority of cells in tissues. Importantly, unmasked telomeres may either trigger the senescent phenotype that has been linked to the aging process or may initiate the chromosome instability needed for cancer development, depending on the integrity of the DNA damage checkpoint responses. Telomere dysfunction contributes to chromosome instability through end-to-end chromosome fusions entering breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles. Resolution of chromatin bridge intermediates is likely to contribute greatly to the generation of segmental chromosome amplification events, unbalanced chromosome rearrangements, and whole chromosome aneuploidy. Noteworthy is the fact that telomere length heterogeneity among individuals may directly influence the scrambling of the genome at tumor initiation. However, reiterated BFB cycles would randomly reorganize the cell karyotype, thus increasing the genetic diversity that characterizes tumor cells. Even though a direct link is still lacking, multiple evidence lead one to believe that telomere dysfunction directly contributes to cancer development in humans. The expansion of highly unstable cells due to telomere dysfunction enhances the genetic diversity needed to fuel specific mutations that may promote cell immortalization and the acquisition of a tumor phenotype.
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24
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Flores-Obando RE, Gollin SM, Ragin CC. Polymorphisms in DNA damage response genes and head and neck cancer risk. Biomarkers 2010; 15:379-99. [PMID: 20429839 DOI: 10.3109/13547501003797664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes have been reported contributing factors in head and neck cancer risk but studies have shown conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To clarify the impact of DNA repair gene polymorphisms in head and neck cancer risk. METHOD A meta-analysis including 30 case-control studies was performed. RESULTS Marginally statistically significant association was found for XRCC1 codon 399 (for Caucasians only), XPD Asp312Asn and XRCC1 codon 194 variants and head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION Assessments of the effects of smoking, alcohol, human papillomavirus and race/ethnicity on the association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and head and neck cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E Flores-Obando
- Department of Epidemiology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, NY, USA
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25
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Influence of genetic polymorphisms on frequency of micronucleated buccal epithelial cells in leukoplakia patients. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:761-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Sato H, Uzawa N, Takahashi KI, Myo K, Ohyama Y, Amagasa T. Prognostic utility of chromosomal instability detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in fine-needle aspirates from oral squamous cell carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:182. [PMID: 20459605 PMCID: PMC2881888 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chromosomal instability (CIN) has been detected in many kinds of human malignancies by means of various methods, there is no practical assessment for small clinical specimens. In this study, we evaluated CIN in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsied oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and investigated its prognostic significance. METHODS To evaluate CIN status of tumors, FISH with genomic probes for the centromeres of chromosomes 7, 9, and 11 was performed on specimens obtained by FNA from 77 patients with primary oral SCCs. RESULTS High-grade CIN (CIN3) was observed in 11.7% (9/77) of patients with oral SCCs and was associated significantly with reduced disease-free survival (p = .008) and overall survival (p = .003). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that CIN status was significantly correlated with disease-free survival (p = .035) and overall survival (p = .041). CONCLUSION Analysis of CIN status using FISH on FNA biopsy specimens may be useful in predicting of recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with oral SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sato
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Arecoline arrests cells at prometaphase by deregulating mitotic spindle assembly and spindle assembly checkpoint: implication for carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:255-62. [PMID: 20138568 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One apparent feature of cancerous cells is genomic instability, which may include various types of chromosomal aberrations, such as translocation, aneuploidy, and the presence of micronuclei inside the cells. Mutagenic factors that promote the emergence of genomic instability are recognized as risk factors for the development of human malignancies. In Asia, betel quid (BQ) chewing is one of such risk factors for oral cancer. Areca nut is an essential constitute of BQ and is declared as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms regarding the carcinogenicity of areca nut are not fully explored. Here we reported that arecoline, a major alkaloid of areca nut, could arrest cells at prometaphase with large amounts of misaligned chromosomes. This prometaphase arrest was evidenced by condensed chromosome pattern, increased histone H3 phosphorylation, and accumulation of mitotic proteins, including aurora A and cyclin B(1). To investigate the molecular mechanisms accounting for arecoline-induced prometaphase arrest, we found that arecoline could stabilize mitotic spindle assembly, which led to distorted organization of mitotic spindles, misalignment of chromosomes, and up-regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) genes. The SAC proteins BubR1 and Mps1 were differentially modified between the cells treated with arecoline and nocodazole. This together with aurora A overexpression suggested that SAC might be partly suppressed by arecoline. As a result, the arecoline-exposed cells might produce progeny that contained various chromosomal aberrations and exhibited genomic instability.
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Tanić N, Tanić N, Milasin J, Vukadinović M, Dimitrijević B. Genomic instability and tumor-specific DNA alterations in oral leukoplakias. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:231-7. [PMID: 19583749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leukoplakias, clinically identifiable premalignant lesions, often precede oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Identification of leukoplakias that have the potential for transformation to malignancy is a key clinical problem. The aim of this study was to assess genomic instability, and to detect tumor-specific genomic alterations, in leukoplakias. Genomic instability was analyzed by comparing the DNA fingerprints of 32 leukoplakias with those of paired normal tissue. In addition, the mutational status of the p53 gene was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex DNA (PCR-HET), and the mutations were subsequently confirmed by DNA sequencing. Moderate-to-significant genomic instability was detected in all leukoplakias analysed. Nine unique amplicons, present in leukoplakias but not in normal tissue, were retrieved and successfully characterized. The p53 gene was mutated in 40.6% of patients. Four patients with moderate instability and mutated p53 developed OSCC. The data obtained in this study support and concretize the thesis that premalignant lesions possess many of the alterations found in cancer before the development of a malignant phenotype. Inactivation or mutation of the p53 tumor-suppressor might be an early event contributing to genomic instability and increasing the risk of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasta Tanić
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Nuclear Sciences 'Vinca', Belgrade, Serbia.
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29
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Liao WT, Yu CP, Wu DH, Zhang L, Xu LH, Weng GX, Zeng MS, Song LB, Li JS. Upregulation of CENP-H in tongue cancer correlates with poor prognosis and progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:74. [PMID: 19500341 PMCID: PMC2706220 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Centromere protein H (CENP-H) is one of the fundamental components of the human active kinetochore. Recently, CENP-H was identified to be associated with tumorigenesis. This study was aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of CENP-H in tongue cancer. Methods RT-PCR, real time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of CENP-H in tongue cancer cell lines and biopsies. CENP-H protein level in paraffin-embedded tongue cancer tissues were tested by immunohistochemical staining and undergone statistical analysis. CENP-H-knockdown stable cell line was established by infecting cells with a retroviral vector pSuper-retro-CENP-H-siRNA. The biological function of CENP-H was tested by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. Results CENP-H expression was higher in tongue cancer cell lines and cancer tissues (T) than that in normal cell and adjacent noncancerous tongue tissues (N), respectively. It was overexpressed in 55.95% (94/168) of the paraffin-embedded tongue cancer tissues, and there was a strong correlation between CENP-H expression and clinical stage, as well as T classification. CENP-H can predict the prognosis of tongue cancer patients especially those in early stage. Depletion of CENP-H can inhibit the proliferation of tongue cancer cells (Tca8113) and downregulate the expression of Survivin. Conclusion These findings suggested that CENP-H involves in the development and progression of tongue cancer. CENP-H might be a valuable prognostic indicator for tongue cancer patients within early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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30
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Takahashi KI, Uzawa N, Myo K, Okada N, Amagasa T. Simultaneous Assessment of Cyclin D1 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Copy Number for Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(09)80009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Swellam M, El-Arab LRE, Adly A. Prognostic value of cell-cycle regulators and cellular biomarkers in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:1059-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Spindle assembly checkpoint and centrosome abnormalities in oral cancer. Cancer Lett 2007; 258:276-85. [PMID: 17959302 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Like many solid tumours, oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) invariably exhibit chromosomal instability (CIN) leading to aneuploidy. The mechanisms responsible for CIN in OSCC, however, are largely unknown. This study examined the fidelity of the spindle checkpoint, together with the number, structure and function of centrosomes in a series of well-characterised aneuploid immortal OSCC-derived cell lines that harbour p53 and p16(INK4A) defects. The spindle checkpoints were fully functional in 2 of 7 cell lines and attenuated in the remaining 5 cell lines. Overexpression of the spindle checkpoint protein, Cdc20, was observed in 2 of the cell lines with attenuated checkpoints. Defects in centrosome number, size and localisation were detected in 5 of the cell lines. Clonal cell populations contained cells with both normal and abnormal numbers of centrosomes, suggesting that the control of centrosome number may be inherently unstable in OSCC-derived cell lines. Centrosomal abnormalities were then examined in tissue samples of oral epithelial dysplasias and carcinomas. Abnormal centrosomes were detected in all the tissues examined albeit in a low percentage of cells (<1% to >5%). The percentage of cells containing centrosome abnormalities was significantly higher in the carcinomas than in the dysplasias (p<0.02) and in the poorly differentiated SCCs relative to their moderately differentiated (p<0.04) and well-differentiated (p<0.01) counterparts. We suggest that the genetic alterations associated with the development of the immortal phenotype, together with spindle checkpoint and centrosome defects, are responsible, albeit in part, for the complex karyotypes observed in OSCC. The presence of centrosome abnormalities in oral dysplasias raises the possibility that such defects might contribute to malignant progression.
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Parikh RA, White JS, Huang X, Schoppy DW, Baysal BE, Baskaran R, Bakkenist CJ, Saunders WS, Hsu LC, Romkes M, Gollin SM. Loss of distal 11q is associated with DNA repair deficiency and reduced sensitivity to ionizing radiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:761-75. [PMID: 17492757 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
About 45% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are characterized by amplification of chromosomal band 11q13. This amplification occurs by a breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle mechanism. The first step in the BFB cycle involves breakage and loss of distal 11q, from FRA11F (11q14.2) to 11qter. Consequently, numerous genes, including three critical genes involved in the DNA damage response pathway, MRE11A, ATM, and H2AFX are lost in the step preceding 11q13 amplification. We hypothesized that this partial loss of genes on distal 11q may lead to a diminished DNA damage response in HNSCC. Characterization of HNSCC using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed concurrent partial loss of MRE11A, ATM, and H2AFX in all four cell lines with 11q13 amplification and in four of seven cell lines without 11q13 amplification. Quantitative microsatellite analysis and loss of heterozygosity studies confirmed the distal 11q loss. FISH evaluation of a small series of HNSCC, ovarian, and breast cancers confirmed the presence of 11q loss in at least 60% of these tumors. All cell lines with distal 11q loss exhibited a diminished DNA damage response, as measured by a decrease in the size and number of gamma-H2AX foci and increased chromosomal instability following treatment with ionizing radiation. In conclusion, loss of distal 11q results in a defective DNA damage response in HNSCC. Distal 11q loss was also unexpectedly associated with reduced sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Although the literature attributes the poor prognosis in HNSCC to 11q13 gene amplification, our results suggest that distal 11q deletions may be an equally significant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Reshmi SC, Roychoudhury S, Yu Z, Feingold E, Potter D, Saunders WS, Gollin SM. Inverted duplication pattern in anaphase bridges confirms the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle model for 11q13 amplification. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 116:46-52. [PMID: 17268177 DOI: 10.1159/000097425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The homogeneously staining region (hsr) involving chromosome band 11q13 includes amplified genes from this chromosome segment and carries a relatively poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), with shorter time to recurrence and reduced overall survival. We previously identified an inverted duplication pattern of genes within the 11q13 hsr in OSCC cells, supporting a breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle model for gene amplification. To validate our hypothesis that 11q13 gene amplification in OSCC occurs via BFB cycles, we carried out fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for band 11q13 on 29 OSCC cell lines. We demonstrate that all OSCC cell lines with 11q13 amplification express a significantly higher frequency of anaphase bridges containing 11q13 sequences compared to cell lines without amplification, providing further experimental evidence that 11q13 gene amplification in OSCC cells occurs via BFB cycles. Elucidation of mechanisms responsible for initiating and promoting gene amplification provides opportunities to identify new biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, and may be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Reshmi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Gibcus JH, Kok K, Menkema L, Hermsen MA, Mastik M, Kluin PM, van der Wal JE, Schuuring E. High-resolution mapping identifies a commonly amplified 11q13.3 region containing multiple genes flanked by segmental duplications. Hum Genet 2006; 121:187-201. [PMID: 17171571 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA amplification of the 11q13 region is observed frequently in many carcinomas. Within the amplified region several candidate oncogenes have been mapped, including cyclin D1, TAOS1 and cortactin. Yet, it is unknown which gene(s) is/are responsible for the selective pressure enabling amplicon formation. This is probably due to the use of low-resolution detection methods. Furthermore, the size and structure of the amplified 11q13 region is complex and consists of multiple amplicon cores that differ between different tumor types. We set out to test whether the borders of the 11q13 amplicon are restricted to regions that enable DNA breakage and subsequent amplification. A high-resolution array of the 11q13 region was generated to study the structure of the 11q13 amplicon and analyzed 29 laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinomas and nine cell lines with 11q13 amplification. We found that boundaries of the commonly amplified region were restricted to four segments. Three boundaries coincided with a syntenic breakpoint. Such regions have been suggested to be putatively fragile. Sequence comparisons revealed that the amplicon was flanked by two large low copy repeats known as segmental duplications. These segmental duplications might be responsible for the typical structure and size of the 11q13 amplicon. We hypothesize that the selection for genes through amplification of the 11q13.3 region is determined by the ability to form DNA breaks within specific regions and, consequently, results in large amplicons containing multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan H Gibcus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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36
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White JS, Weissfeld JL, Ragin CCR, Rossie KM, Martin CL, Shuster M, Ishwad CS, Law JC, Myers EN, Johnson JT, Gollin SM. The influence of clinical and demographic risk factors on the establishment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Oral Oncol 2006; 43:701-12. [PMID: 17112776 PMCID: PMC2025692 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to generate stable cell cultures from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and retrospectively analyze the factors associated with successful cell line establishment. Fifty-two HNSCC cell lines were isolated from a series of 199 tumors collected between 1992 and 1997 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Cell lines were characterized at the molecular and cellular level to determine the features associated with cell line formation. Successful cell line formation was dependent on multiple factors, including gene amplification involving chromosomal band 11q13, local and/or regional involvement of lymph nodes, and alcohol usage. The establishment of HNSCC cell lines enriches the resources available for cancer research. Our findings indicate that generation of stable cell lines from HNSCC is biased towards tumors with a poor prognosis. Our 52 stable lines comprise one of the largest series of HNSCC cell lines in the literature, with complete demographic, histopathologic, clinical, and survival data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel L. Weissfeld
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Camille C. R. Ragin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen M. Rossie
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christa Lese Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michele Shuster
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chandramohan S. Ishwad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John C. Law
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eugene N. Myers
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonas T. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Susanne M. Gollin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Proia NK, Paszkiewicz GM, Nasca MAS, Franke GE, Pauly JL. Smoking and smokeless tobacco-associated human buccal cell mutations and their association with oral cancer--a review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1061-77. [PMID: 16775162 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported herein are the results of a structured literature review that was undertaken to (a) determine if human buccal (mouth) cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless ("chewing") tobacco, (b) tabulate different buccal cell alterations that have been reported, (c) delineate buccal cell assays that have been used successfully, (d) determine whether buccal cell changes correlate with oral cancer as defined in clinicopathologic investigations, and (e) assess the feasibility of developing a high-throughput buccal cell assay for screening smokers for the early detection of oral cancer. The results of the studies reported herein have established that diverse buccal cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco. This review documents also that buccal cells have been collected in a noninvasive manner, and repetitively for serial studies, from different sites of the mouth (e.g., cheek, gum, and tongue) and from normal tissue, preneoplastic lesions (leukoplakia), and malignant tumors. Tobacco-associated genetic mutations and nongenetic changes have been reported; a partial listing includes (a) micronuclei, (b) bacterial adherence, (c) genetic mutations, (d) DNA polymorphisms, (d) carcinogen-DNA adducts, and (e) chromosomal abnormalities. Clinical studies have correlated buccal cell changes with malignant tumors, and some oral oncologists have reported that the buccal cell changes are practical biomarkers. Summarily, the literature has established that buccal cells are useful not only for characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco-associated oral cancers but also as exfoliative cells that express diverse changes that offer promise as candidate biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Proia
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Wallqvist A, Huang R, Covell DG, Roschke AV, Gelhaus KS, Kirsch IR. Drugs aimed at targeting characteristic karyotypic phenotypes of cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 4:1559-68. [PMID: 16227406 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The karyotypic features of cancer cells have not been a particular focus of anticancer drug targeting either as guidance for treatment or as specific drug targets themselves. Cancer cell lines typically have considerable, characteristic, and variable chromosomal aberrations. Here, we consider small-molecule screening data across the National Cancer Institute's 60 tumor cell line drug screening panel (NCI-60) analyzed for specific association with karyotypic variables (numerical and structural complexity and heterogeneity) determined for these same cell lines. This analysis is carried out with the aid of a self-organizing map allowing for a simultaneous assessment of all screened compounds, revealing an association between karyotypic variables and a unique part of the cytotoxic response space. Thirteen groups of compounds based on related specific chemical structural motifs are identified as possible leads for anticancer drug discovery. These compounds form distinct groups of molecules associated with relatively unexplored regions of the NCI-60 self-organizing map where anticancer agents currently standard in the clinic are not present. We suggest that compounds identified in this study may represent new classes of potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Wallqvist
- Science Applications International Corp., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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