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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Effects of mechanical loading on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells: A scoping review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38736036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanical loadings, including mechanical stress, orthodontics forces, and masticatory force, affect the functions of periodontal ligament cells. Regulation of periodontal tissue destruction, formation, and differentiation functions are crucial processes for periodontal regeneration therapy. Numerous studies have reported that different types of mechanical loading play a role in maintaining periodontal tissue matrix homeostasis, and osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament cells. This scoping review aims to evaluate the studies regarding the effects of various mechanical loadings on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, regulation of the balance between formation and destruction of periodontal tissue matrix, osteogenic differentiation, and multiple differentiation functions of the periodontal ligament. An electronic search for this review has been conducted on two databases; MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS. Study selection criteria included original research written in English that reported the effects of different mechanical loadings on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells. The final 204 articles were mainly included in the present scoping review. Mechanical forces of the appropriate magnitude, duration, and pattern have a positive influence on the secretion of ECM components such as collagen, as well as regulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, these forces regulate a balance between osteoblastic and osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, incorrect mechanical loadings can lead to abnormal formation and destruction of both soft and hard tissue. This review provides additional insight into how mechanical loadings impact ECM homeostasis and multiple differentiation functions of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thus making it valuable for regenerative periodontal treatment. In combination with advancing technologies, the utilization of ECM components, application of different aspects of mechanical force, and differentiation potential of PDLCs could bring potential benefits to future periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Steinmetz J, Stemmler A, Hennig CL, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Contributes to the Regulation of the Mechanosensitive Responses of PdL Fibroblasts through the Modulation of IL-37. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38392243 PMCID: PMC10888100 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), areas of compressive and tensile forces are generated in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a mechanoreactive connective tissue between the teeth and alveolar bone. Mechanically stimulated PdL fibroblasts (PdLFs), the main cell type of PdL, express significantly increased levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). In compressed PdL areas, GDF15 plays a fundamental role in modulating relevant OTM processes, including inflammation and osteoclast activation. However, the specific function of this factor in tensile areas has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of GDF15 in the mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) that were exposed to biaxial tensile forces in vitro. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that GDF15 had no impact on the anti-inflammatory force response of elongated hPdLFs. Although the anti-inflammatory markers IL1RN and IL10, as well as the activation of immune cells remained unaffected, we demonstrated an inhibitory role of GDF15 for the IL-37 expression. By analyzing osteogenic markers, including ALPL and RUNX2, along with an assessment of alkaline phosphatase activation, we further showed that the regulation of IL-37 by GDF15 modulates the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPdLFs. Despite bone resorption in tensile areas being rather limited, GDF15 was also found to positively modulate osteoclast activation in those areas, potentially by adjusting the IL-37 levels. In light of our new findings, we hypothesize that GDF15 modulates force-induced processes in tissue and bone remodeling through its various intra- and extracellular signaling pathways as well as interaction partners. Potentially acting as a master regulator, the modulation of GDF15 levels may hold relevance for clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinmetz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Albert Stemmler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Involvement of the Notch signaling system in alveolar bone resorption. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:38-47. [PMID: 36880060 PMCID: PMC9985033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily preserved signaling pathway involved in a variety of vital cell functions. Additionally, it is one of the key regulators of inflammation, and controls the differentiation and function of different cells. Moreover, it was found to be involved in skeletal development and bone remodeling process. This review provides an overview of the involvement of the Notch signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of alveolar bone resorption in different forms of pathological conditions such as apical periodontitis, periodontal disease, and peri-implantitis. In vitro and in vivo evidence have confirmed the involvement of Notch signaling in alveolar bone homeostasis. Nonetheless, Notch signaling system, along with complex network of different biomolecules are involved in pathological process of bone resorption in apical periodontitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis. In this regard, there is a substantial interest to control the activity of this pathway in the treatment of disorders associated with its dysregulation. This review provides knowledge on Notch signaling and outlines its functions in alveolar bone homeostasis and alveolar bone resorption. Further investigations are needed to determine whether inhibition of the Notch signaling pathways might be beneficial and safe as a novel approach in the treatment of these pathological conditions.
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Zhang D, Lin W, Jiang S, Deng P, Liu L, Wang Q, Sheng R, Shu HS, Wang L, Zou W, Zhou BO, Jing J, Ye L, Yu B, Zhang S, Yuan Q. Lepr-Expressing PDLSCs Contribute to Periodontal Homeostasis and Respond to Mechanical Force by Piezo1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303291. [PMID: 37553778 PMCID: PMC10582421 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Periodontium supports teeth in a mechanically stimulated tissue environment, where heterogenous stem/progenitor populations contribute to periodontal homeostasis. In this study, Leptin receptor+ (Lepr+) cells are identified as a distinct periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) population by single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing. These Lepr+ PDLSCs are located in the peri-vascular niche, possessing multilineage potential and contributing to tissue repair in response to injury. Ablation of Lepr+ PDLSCs disrupts periodontal homeostasis. Hyper-loading and unloading of occlusal forces modulate Lepr+ PDLSCs activation. Piezo1 is demonstrated that mediates the mechanosensing of Lepr+ PDLSCs by conditional Piezo1-deficient mice. Meanwhile, Yoda1, a selective activator of Piezo1, significantly accelerates periodontal tissue growth via the induction of Lepr+ cells. In summary, Lepr marks a unique multipotent PDLSC population in vivo, to contribute toward periodontal homeostasis via Piezo1-mediated mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Peng Deng
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Linfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Rui Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Hui Sophie Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233China
| | - Bo O. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjin300020China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Bo Yu
- Division of Preventive and Restorative SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of Oral ImplantologyWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of Oral ImplantologyWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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Alghamdi B, Jeon HH, Ni J, Qiu D, Liu A, Hong JJ, Ali M, Wang A, Troka M, Graves DT. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:128-146. [PMID: 36862360 PMCID: PMC10696608 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of the immune cells and their interaction with cells found in gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone that leads to net bone loss in periodontitis or bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases causing inflammation in the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium and is initiated by bacteria that induce a host response. Although the innate and adaptive immune response function cooperatively to prevent bacterial dissemination, they also play a major role in gingival inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone characteristic of periodontitis. The inflammatory response is triggered by bacteria or their products that bind to pattern recognition receptors that induce transcription factor activity to stimulate cytokine and chemokine expression. Epithelial, fibroblast/stromal, and resident leukocytes play a key role in initiating the host response and contribute to periodontal disease. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments have added new insight into the roles of various cell types in the response to bacterial challenge. This response is modified by systemic conditions such as diabetes and smoking. In contrast to periodontitis, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a sterile inflammatory response induced by mechanical force. Orthodontic force application stimulates acute inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone stimulated by cytokines and chemokines that produce bone resorption on the compression side. On the tension side, orthodontic forces induce the production of osteogenic factors, stimulating new bone formation. A number of different cell types, cytokines, and signaling/pathways are involved in this complex process. Inflammatory and mechanical force-induced bone remodeling involves bone resorption and bone formation. The interaction of leukocytes with host stromal cells and osteoblastic cells plays a key role in both initiating the inflammatory events as well as inducing a cellular cascade that results in remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement or in tissue destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alghamdi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alyssia Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie J Hong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mamoon Ali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Troka
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA.
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MicroRNA Modulation during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Promising Strategy for Novel Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415501. [PMID: 36555142 PMCID: PMC9779831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM) is allowed through a mediated cell/tissue mechanism performed by applying a force or a pair of forces on the dental elements, and the tooth movement is a fundamental requirement during any orthodontic treatment. In this regard, it has been widely shown that each orthodontic treatment has a minimum duration required concerning numerous factors (age, patient compliance, type of technique used, etc.). In this regard, the aim of the following revision of the literature is to give readers a global vision of principal microRNAs (miRNAs) that are most frequently associated with OTM and their possible roles. Previously published studies of the last 15 years have been considered in the PubMed search using "OTM" and "miRNA" keywords for the present review article. In vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials were mainly explored. Correlation between OTM and modulation of several miRNAs acting through post-transcriptional regulation on target genes was observed in the majority of previous studied. The expression analysis of miRNAs in biological samples, such as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), can be considered a useful tool for novel diagnostic and/or prognostic approaches and for new personalized orthodontic treatments able to achieve a better clinical response rate. Although only a few studies have been published, the data obtained until now encourage further investigation of the role of miRNA modulation during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study is to update the insights into the role and impact of principal micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that are most frequently associated during OTM.
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Intermittent compressive force regulates human periodontal ligament cell behavior via yes-associated protein. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10845. [PMID: 36247165 PMCID: PMC9561743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent compressive force influences human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell behavior that facilitates periodontal tissue regeneration. In response to mechanical stimuli, Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been recognized as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator that regulates cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. This study aimed to investigate whether compressive forces influence cell proliferation and cell fate decisions of human PDL cells via YAP signaling. YAP expression was silenced by shRNA. The effect of YAP on cell proliferation, adipogenesis and osteogenesis of PDL cells under ICF loading were determined. Adipogenic differentiation bias upon ICF loading was confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that ICF-induced YAP promotes osteogenesis, but it inhibits adipogenesis in PDL cells. Depletion of YAP results in PDL cells that are irresponsive to ICF and, therefore, the failure of the PDL cells to undergo osteogenic differentiation. This was shown by a significant reduction in calcium deposited in the CF-derived osteoblasts of the YAP-knockdown (YAP-KD) PDL cells. As to control treatment, reduction of YAP promoted adipogenesis, whereas ICF-induced YAP inhibited this mechanism. However, the adipocyte differentiation in YAP-KD cells was not affected upon ICF treatment as the YAP-KD cells still exhibited a better adipogenic differentiation that was unrelated to the ICF. This study demonstrated that, in response to ICF treatment, YAP could be a crucial mechanosensitive transcriptional activator for the regulation of PDL cell behavior through a mechanobiological process. Our results may provide the possibility of facilitating PDL tissue regeneration by manipulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. YAP plays role as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator of human PDL cells in response to ICF. ICF activates YAP and its target genes to promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells. Loss of YAP enhances adipogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.
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Mechanical force regulates root resorption in rats through RANKL and OPG. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:290. [PMID: 35842599 PMCID: PMC9288690 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background External root resorption is one of common complications of orthodontic treatment, while internal root resorption is rarely observed, and the difference between pulp and periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic forces on histological and cellular changes of the dental pulp and periodontal tissues. Methods Orthodontic tooth movement model was established in Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats. The distance of orthodontic tooth movement was quantitatively analyzed. The histological changes of pulp and periodontal tissues were performed by hematoxylin–eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining was used to analyze the changes of osteoclast number, immunohistochemistry analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the receptor of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. The width of tertiary dentine was quantitatively analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining and the erosion area of osteo assay surface plate was used to evaluate osteoclast activity. Results The orthodontic tooth movement distance increased in a force dependent manner, and reached the peak value when orthodontic force is 60 g. Heavy orthodontic force increased the RANKL expression of periodontal ligament srem cells (PDLSCs) which further activated osteoclasts and resulted in external root resorption, while the RANKL expression of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was relatively low to activate osteoclasts and result in internal root resorption, and the dental pulp tend to form tertiary dentine under orthodontic force stimulation. Conclusions Heavy orthodontic forces activated osteoclasts and triggered external root resorption by upregulating RANKL expression in rat periodontal tissues, while there was no significant change of RANKL expression in dental pulp tissue under heavy orthodontic forces, which prevented osteoclast activation and internal root resorption.
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Gauthier R, Jeannin C, Attik N, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Gritsch K, Grosgogeat B. Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration: Biomechanical Specifications. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:030801. [PMID: 33067629 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal biomechanical environment is very difficult to investigate. By the complex geometry and composition of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its mechanical behavior is very dependent on the type of loading (compressive versus tensile loading; static versus cyclic loading; uniaxial versus multiaxial) and the location around the root (cervical, middle, or apical). These different aspects of the PDL make it difficult to develop a functional biomaterial to treat periodontal attachment due to periodontal diseases. This review aims to describe the structural and biomechanical properties of the PDL. Particular importance is placed in the close interrelationship that exists between structure and biomechanics: the PDL structural organization is specific to its biomechanical environment, and its biomechanical properties are specific to its structural arrangement. This balance between structure and biomechanics can be explained by a mechanosensitive periodontal cellular activity. These specifications have to be considered in the further tissue engineering strategies for the development of an efficient biomaterial for periodontal tissues regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gauthier
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christophe Jeannin
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - N Attik
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - K Gritsch
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - B Grosgogeat
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
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Spitz A, Christovam IO, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Masterson DF, Adesse D, Maia LC, Bolognese AM. Global gene expression profile of periodontal ligament cells submitted to mechanical loading: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104884. [PMID: 32877888 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence reporting gene expression array data of human in vitro cultured periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) submitted to static mechanical loading compared to a control group. DESIGN Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, The Cochrane Library and the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe up to June 2019. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These were grouped according to the culture method (2D or 3D), force type (compression or tension) and observation time. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence (CoE) were assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist and the GRADE tool, respectively. RESULTS Of eight studies included (all rated as having moderate RoB), only two provided the complete list of DEGs and four studies performed GO, gene network or pathways analysis. "Cell proliferation", "cell-cell signaling", "response to hypoxia and to mechanical stimulus" were among the significantly enriched biological processes in 3D-cultured compressed PDLCs (moderate CoE); while "collagen catabolic process", "extracellular matrix organization" and "cell proliferation" were associated with DEGs of 3D-cultured PDLCs submitted to tension (very low CoE). Biological processes significantly enriched in 2D-cultured PDLCs under compression were "extracellular matrix organization", "canonical glycolysis" and "glycolytic process" (very low CoE). CONCLUSION Genes such as NR4A2, NR4A3, NAMPT, PGK1, and REDD1 are suggested as novel biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Limited amount of evidence on the complete gene expression profile and the high heterogeneity in methodologies make it impossible to obtain definite conclusions. New studies following standardized and well-designed in vitro model and reporting complete gene expression datasets are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Spitz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Ilana Oliveira Christovam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Ferreira Masterson
- Central Library of the Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bl L, 373 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-90, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Bolognese
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
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Conditioned media from mesenchymal stromal cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts under cyclic stretch stimulation promote bone healing in mouse calvarial defects. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:543-551. [PMID: 32798177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS When cells are exposed to stresses such as mechanical stimuli, they release growth factors and adapt to the surrounding environment H ere, we demonstrated that mechanical stimulation during culture affects the production of osteogenic and angiogenic factors. METHODS Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs ) were cultured under cyclic stretch stimulation for 24 h. Collected of the cells and conditioned media (CM), the gene and protein expression levels of osteogenic and angiogenic factors were evaluated. CM was also evaluated for angiogenic activity and calc ification ability. In in vivo study, CM was administered to a mouse calvarial defect model and histologically and radiologically evaluated. RESULTS Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression of bone morphogenetic pro tein 2, 4 (BMP 2, 4), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A), and platelet derived growth factor AA (PDGF AA) was upregulated in the cyclic stretch stimulation group in comparison with the non stretch group in each cell type. Enzyme linked immunosor bent assay results revealed that the expression of BMP 2,4, VEGF A was upregulated in the cyclic stretch group in comparison with the non stretch group in each cell type. Only HPLFs showed significant difference in PDGF AA expression between the cyclic str etch and the non stretch group. Tube formation assay and Alizarin Red S staining results showed that angiogenic activity and calcification ability of CM was upregulated in the cyclic stretch stimulation group in comparison with the non stretch group in eac h cell type. CM was administered to the mouse calvarial defect model. Histological and radiological examination showed that the bone healing was promoted by CM from the cyclic stretch culture group. Immunohistological staining revealed that CM from cyclic stretch group have greater angiogenic effect than CM from the non stretch group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that osteogenesis was promoted by CM obtained under cyclic stretch stimulation through the increase of angiogenesis in the mouse calvarial defect model.
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Kunimatsu R, Kimura A, Tsuka Y, Horie K, Yoshimi Y, Awada T, Gunji H, Abe T, Nakajima K, Sakata S, Nakatani A, Tanimoto K. Baicalin inhibits root resorption during tooth movement in a rodent model. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104770. [PMID: 32470833 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Baicalin mediates bone metabolism and has shown protective activity against periodontal tissue damage in a rat model of periodontitis. Therefore, we hypothesized that baicalin may inhibit the root resorption that occurs during orthodontic tooth movement and examined its effect on the histological changes in periodontal tissue that occur during tooth movement. METHODS First molars of rats were subjected to traction using excessive orthodontic force to produce a root resorption model. Rats in the baicalin group received baicalin for 3 weeks during tooth movement, and the amount of first molar movement on day 21 after the initiation of traction was measured by three-dimensional micro-computed tomography analysis. After tooth movement, tissue samples from the mesial and tension sides were collected, and successive horizontal sections were prepared and examined using hematoxylin-eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemical staining for the receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The severity of root resorption was also determined by histological analysis. RESULTS There was no significant intergroup difference in tooth movement during the experimental exaggerated tooth movement. In comparison with the control group, the baicalin-treated group showed increased OPG expression, suppressed RANKL expression, and significantly fewer TRAP-positive cells in the first molars. The root resorption area was significantly smaller in the baicalin group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with baicalin prevented root resorption without preventing tooth movement. Baicalin may be useful for the management of root resorption during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.
| | - Aya Kimura
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsuka
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kayo Horie
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimi
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Awada
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hidemi Gunji
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takaharu Abe
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakajima
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Syuzou Sakata
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Klein Y, Fleissig O, Polak D, Barenholz Y, Mandelboim O, Chaushu S. Immunorthodontics: in vivo gene expression of orthodontic tooth movement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8172. [PMID: 32424121 PMCID: PMC7235241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a “sterile” inflammatory process. The present study aimed to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms, by studying the force associated-gene expression changes, in a time-dependent manner. Ni-Ti springs were set to move the upper 1st-molar in C57BL/6 mice. OTM was measured by μCT. Total-RNA was extracted from tissue blocks at 1,3,7 and 14-days post force application, and from two control groups: naïve and inactivated spring. Gene-expression profiles were generated by next-generation-RNA-sequencing. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, K-means algorithm and Ingenuity pathway analysis were used for data interpretation. Genes of interest were validated with qRT-PCR. A total of 3075 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with the greatest number at day 3. Two distinct clusters patterns were recognized: those in which DEGs peaked in the first days and declined thereafter (tissue degradation, phagocytosis, leukocyte extravasation, innate and adaptive immune system responses), and those in which DEGs were initially down-regulated and increased at day 14 (cell proliferation and migration, cytoskeletal rearrangement, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis). The uncovering of novel innate and adaptive immune processes in OTM led us to propose a new term “Immunorthodontics”. This genomic data can serve as a platform for OTM modulation future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Klein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Fleissig
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Lautenberg Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - David Polak
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Lautenberg Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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The role of mechanotransduction versus hypoxia during simulated orthodontic compressive strain-an in vitro study of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:33. [PMID: 31685804 PMCID: PMC6828658 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) mechanical forces trigger pseudo-inflammatory, osteoclastogenic and remodelling processes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) that are mediated by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling molecules. Thus far, it is unknown whether these processes are mainly induced by mechanical cellular deformation (mechanotransduction) or by concomitant hypoxic conditions via the compression of periodontal blood vessels. Human primary PDL fibroblasts were randomly seeded in conventional six-well cell culture plates with O2-impermeable polystyrene membranes and in special plates with gas-permeable membranes (Lumox®, Sarstedt), enabling the experimental separation of mechanotransducive and hypoxic effects that occur concomitantly during OTM. To simulate physiological orthodontic compressive forces, PDL fibroblasts were stimulated mechanically at 2 g·cm−2 for 48 h after 24 h of pre-incubation. We quantified the cell viability by MTT assay, gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and protein expression by western blot/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In addition, PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis (TRAP+ cells) was measured in a 72-h coculture with RAW264.7 cells. The expression of HIF-1α, COX-2, PGE2, VEGF, COL1A2, collagen and ALPL, and the RANKL/OPG ratios at the mRNA/protein levels during PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis were significantly elevated by mechanical loading irrespective of the oxygen supply, whereas hypoxic conditions had no significant additional effects. The cellular–molecular mediation of OTM by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling molecules is expected to be predominantly controlled by the application of force (mechanotransduction), whereas hypoxic effects seem to play only a minor role. In the context of OTM, the hypoxic marker HIF-1α does not appear to be primarily stabilized by a reduced O2 supply but is rather stabilised mechanically.
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Kanzaki H, Wada S, Yamaguchi Y, Katsumata Y, Itohiya K, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Narimiya T, Noda K, Nakamura Y. Compression and tension variably alter Osteoprotegerin expression via miR-3198 in periodontal ligament cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:6. [PMID: 31041888 PMCID: PMC6449962 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclasts play a critical role in bone resorption due to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). In OTM, a force is exerted on the tooth, creating compression of the periodontal ligament (PDL) on one side of the tooth, and tension on the other side. In response to these mechanical stresses, the balance of receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) shifts to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. However, the mechanism of OPG expression in PDL cells under different mechanical stresses remains unclear. We hypothesized that compression and tension induce different microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles, which account for the difference in OPG expression in PDL cells. To study miRNA expression profiles resulting from OTM, compression force (2 g/cm2) or tension force (15% elongation) was applied to immortalized human PDL (HPL) cells for 24 h, and miRNA extracted. The miRNA expression in each sample was analyzed using a human miRNA microarray, and the changes of miRNA expression were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, miR-3198 mimic and inhibitor were transfected into HPL cells, and OPG expression and production assessed. Results We found that certain miRNAs were expressed differentially under compression and tension. For instance, we observed that miR-572, − 663, − 575, − 3679-5p, UL70-3p, and − 3198 were upregulated only by compression. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed that compression induced miR-3198 expression, but tension reduced it, in HPL cells. Consistent with previous reports, OPG expression was reduced by compression and induced by tension, though RANKL was induced by both compression and tension. OPG expression was upregulated by miR-3198 inhibitor, and was reduced by miR-3198 mimic, in HPL cells. We observed that miR-3198 inhibitor rescued the compression-mediated downregulation of OPG. On the other hand, miR-3198 mimic reduced OPG expression under tension. However, RANKL expression was not affected by miR-3198 inhibitor or mimic. Conclusions We conclude that miR-3198 is upregulated by compression and is downregulated by tension, suggesting that miR-3198 downregulates OPG expression in response to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Tohoku University Hospital, Maxillo-oral Disorders, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Itohiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Noda
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa pref, 230-8501, Japan
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Marciniak J, Lossdörfer S, Kirschneck C, Deschner J, Jäger A, Wolf M. Heat shock protein 70 dampens the inflammatory response of human PDL cells to mechanical loading in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:481-488. [PMID: 30865286 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previously, we demonstrated an inflammatory response of human PDL (hPDL) cells to mechanical loading. The cellular reaction was dampened by heat pre-treatment suggesting a protective role for heat shock proteins (HSP) during stress-induced ischemia. Here we explored if HSP70, which has already been documented in the pressure zone of tooth movement, might be regulatorily involved in the attenuation of the inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifth passage hPDL cells were mechanically loaded in the presence of the HSP70 inhibitor VER155008. Cell morphology, HSP70 expression, viability, IL-6 and IL-8 expression were determined by means of microscopy, realtime-PCR and ELISA. The conditioned medium of mechanically loaded and pre-treated hPDL cells was used to culture monocytes to identify a potential impact on adhesion and osteoclastic differentiation capacity. RESULTS Mechanical cell stress resulted in a significant increase of pro-inflammatory parameters. HSP70 inhibition led to a further enhancement of cytokine expression. The conditioned medium of mechanically loaded hPDL cells significantly increased monocyte adhesion and differentiation along the osteoclastic pathway. VER155008 pronounced this effect significantly. CONCLUSION The results indicate a regulatory role for HSP70 in the control of the inflammatory hPDL cell response to mechanical loading and identify HSP70 as a target in the attempt to attenuate tissue damage during orthodontic tooth movement. Furthermore, the present findings point to the risk of increased periodontal destruction when medication targeting HSP70 is applied for severe medical conditions during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Marciniak
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Lossdörfer
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Li M, Zhang C, Yang Y. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:19-31. [PMID: 30800296 PMCID: PMC6359886 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.bjr-2018-0060.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many in vitro studies have investigated the mechanism by which mechanical signals are transduced into biological signals that regulate bone homeostasis via periodontal ligament fibroblasts during orthodontic treatment, but the results have not been systematically reviewed. This review aims to do this, considering the parameters of various in vitro mechanical loading approaches and their effects on osteogenic and osteoclastogenic properties of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. METHODS Specific keywords were used to search electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science) for English-language literature published between 1995 and 2017. RESULTS A total of 26 studies from the 555 articles obtained via the database search were ultimately included, and four main types of biomechanical approach were identified. Compressive force is characterized by static and continuous application, whereas tensile force is mainly cyclic. Only nine studies investigated the mechanisms by which periodontal ligament fibroblasts transduce mechanical stimulus. The studies provided evidence from in vitro mechanical loading regimens that periodontal ligament fibroblasts play a unique and dominant role in the regulation of bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement. CONCLUSION Evidence from the reviewed studies described the characteristics of periodontal ligament fibroblasts exposed to mechanical force. This is expected to benefit subsequent research into periodontal ligament fibroblasts and to provide indirectly evidence-based insights regarding orthodontic treatment. Further studies should be performed to explore the effects of static tension on cytomechanical properties, better techniques for static compressive force loading, and deeper analysis of underlying regulatory systems.Cite this article: M. Li, C. Zhang, Y. Yang. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:19-31. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.BJR-2018-0060.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Li
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C. Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Wolf M, Marciniak J, Lossdörfer S, Kirschneck C, Brauner I, Götz W, Jäger A. Role of HSP70 protein in human periodontal ligament cell function and physiology. Ann Anat 2018; 221:76-83. [PMID: 30253189 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heat pre-treatment of mechanically loaded human periodontal ligament cells (hPDL) dampens the inflammatory cellular response, as evidenced by a reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of monocyte adhesion and osteoclastic differentiation. These findings imply heat shock proteins (HSP) as cell protective molecules acting in the PDL that are up-regulated upon ischemia caused by mechanical loading. HSP70 and its inhibition by VER155008 as the active agent in several pharmaceuticals are established targets and strategies, respectively, in the treatment of neoproliferative diseases. However, the effect of both players on periodontal remodeling in unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the role of HSP70 and its frequently used inhibitor VER155008 in the regulation of physiological hPDL cell functions and immune cell interaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifth passage hPDL cells were cultured in the presence of 25μm HSP70 inactivating agent VER155008. At harvest, HSP70 expression, cell proliferation, and parameters of cell interaction, colony formation and wound healing were analyzed by means of real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, biochemical MTS assay, microscopy, and functional assays for monocyte adhesion and differentiation. RESULTS Basal HSP70 expression and hPDL cell morphology were not affected by HSP70 inhibitor VER155008. In contrast, cell proliferation, tissue defect healing, and colony formation were reduced significantly following HSP70 inhibition, whereas apoptosis and necrosis, monocyte adhesion and osteoclastic differentiation were markedly increased. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate a regulatory role for HSP70 protein in hPDL cell biology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings identify HSP70 as a promising target in the attempt to modify periodontal remodeling and point to potential periodontal side effects of HSP70 pharmaceutical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jana Marciniak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany; Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Lossdörfer
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Isabel Brauner
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Germany
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20
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Jettar V, Napimoga MH, Freitas F, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Suzuki SS, Montalli VA, Garcez AS. Effects of Photobiomodulation on SOFAT, A T-cell-derived Cytokine, May Explain Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:604-610. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Jettar
- Orthodontics; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. Napimoga
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fabiana Freitas
- Piracicaba Dental School; Department of Physiology; State University of Campinas; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Selly S. Suzuki
- Orthodontics; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Victor A. Montalli
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo S. Garcez
- Orthodontics; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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21
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Nowwarote N, Chanjavanakul P, Kongdecha P, Clayhan P, Chumprasert S, Manokawinchoke J, Egusa H, Pavasant P, Osathanon T. Characterization of a bioactive Jagged1-coated polycaprolactone-based membrane for guided tissue regeneration. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bhasin V, Singh M, Goutam M, Singh S, Nigam AS, Joshi A. Comparative Evaluation of Myeloperoxidase Enzymatic Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Subjects having Orthodontic Treatment by Different Aligning Arch Wires. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:977-980. [PMID: 28989140 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There exist a number of factors that affect the outcome of orthodontic treatment. These factors can be assessed by various gingival markers. One such maker is myeloperoxidase (MPO). Hence, we planned the present study to assess and compare the MPO activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment by different aligning arch wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study included assessment of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment for crowding of anterior teeth. Diagnostic cast models of all the subjects were made for recording the irregularity index. All the subjects were randomly divided into three study groups with 15 patients in each group based on the type of nickel-titanium (NiTi) arch wires used. A collection of GCF samples was done in all the patients at various time intervals and it was sent to the laboratory for assessment of MPO activity. Activity of the MPO enzyme was expressed in terms of number of units per 100 μL. All the results obtained were compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS We observed that nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the mean age and mean gingival score in all the study groups. However, significant results were obtained on comparing the mean MPO enzymatic activity in all the study groups at different time intervals. CONCLUSION Both superelastic NiTi and heat-activated NiTi generate optimal forces, which are necessary for higher metabolic response of the periodontal ligament. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In the intimal stages of orthodontic treatment, both superelastic NiTi and heat-activated NiTi wires are superior in leveling and aligning the crowded teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinny Bhasin
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Hitkarini Dental College & Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh India, Phone: +919501544877, e-mail:
| | - Madhavi Singh
- Dentica Oral Care and Implant Centre Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Manish Goutam
- Dentica Oral Care and Implant Centre Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Shuchi Singh
- Department of Orthodontics, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Aditya Joshi
- Ur Dentist Centre for Advanced Periodontics and Implantology Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Wada S, Kanzaki H, Narimiya T, Nakamura Y. Novel device for application of continuous mechanical tensile strain to mammalian cells. Biol Open 2017; 6:518-524. [PMID: 28302667 PMCID: PMC5399557 DOI: 10.1242/bio.023671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement, the periodontal ligament (PDL) is exposed to continuous mechanical strain. However, many researchers have applied cyclic tensile strain, not continuous tensile strain, to PDL cells in vitro because there has been no adequate device to apply continuous tensile strain to cultured cells. In this study, we contrived a novel device designed to apply continuous tensile strain to cells in culture. The continuous tensile strain was applied to human immortalized periodontal ligament cell line (HPL cells) and the cytoskeletal structures of HPL cells were examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of both inflammatory and osteogenic markers was also examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The osteogenic protein, Osteopontin (OPN), was also detected by western blot analysis. The actin filaments of HPL cells showed uniform arrangement under continuous tensile strain. The continuous tensile strain increased the expression of inflammatory genes such as IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and TNF-α, and osteogenic genes such as RUNX2 and OPN in HPL cells. It also elevated the expression of OPN protein in HPL cells. These results suggest that our new simple device is useful for exploring the responses to continuous tensile strain applied to the cells. Summary: Continuous tensile strain from the device changed the cell morphology and increased the expression of inflammatory and osteogenic gene. These effects were similar to those in the PDL during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
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Suzuki SS, Garcez AS, Suzuki H, Ervolino E, Moon W, Ribeiro MS. Low-level laser therapy stimulates bone metabolism and inhibits root resorption during tooth movement in a rodent model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1222-1235. [PMID: 27647761 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the biological effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone remodeling, tooth displacement and root resorption, occurred during the orthodontic tooth movement. Upper first molars of a total of sixty-eight male rats were subjected to orthodontic tooth movement and euthanized on days 3, 6, 9, 14 and 21 days and divided as negative control, control and LLLT group. Tooth displacement and histomorphometric analysis were performed in all animals; scanning electron microscopy analysis was done on days 3, 6 and 9, as well as the immunohistochemistry analysis of RANKL/OPG and TRAP markers. Volumetric changes in alveolar bone were analyzed using MicroCT images on days 14 and 21. LLLT influenced bone resorption by increasing the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the RANKL expression at the compression side. This resulted in less alveolar bone and hyalinization areas on days 6, 9 and 14. LLLT also induced less bone volume and density, facilitating significant acceleration of tooth movement and potential reduction in root resorption besides stimulating bone formation at the tension side by enhancing OPG expression, increasing trabecular thickness and bone volume on day 21. Taken together, our results indicate that LLLT can stimulate bone remodeling reducing root resorption in a rat model. LLLT improves tooth movement via bone formation and bone resorption in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selly Sayuri Suzuki
- CLA - Center for Laser and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo Silva Garcez
- Department of Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic School and Dental Institute, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic School and Dental Institute, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science and Embryology and Histology, Dental School of Araçatuba - UNESP, Brazil
| | - Won Moon
- Section of Orthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martha Simões Ribeiro
- CLA - Center for Laser and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Brazil
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Ikeda M, Yoshimura Y, Kikuiri T, Matsuno M, Hasegawa T, Fukushima K, Hayakawa T, Minamikawa H, Suzuki K, Iida J. Release from optimal compressive force suppresses osteoclast differentiation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4699-4705. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Matsuda Y, Motokawa M, Kaku M, Sumi H, Tanne K, Tanimoto K. RANKL and OPG expression: Jiggling force affects root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod 2016; 87:41-48. [PMID: 27341651 DOI: 10.2319/102515-718.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To immunohistochemically investigate the longitudinal changes in root resorption by jiggling force in experimental animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six 12-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The maxillary first molars were alternately moved in the buccal and lingual direction in 28 rats (experimental group) using an experimental appliance to produce jiggling forces of 10 g. In another 28 rats (control group), the maxillary first molars were moved in only the lingual direction with a force of 10 g. After 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days, the maxillae were resected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The resorption area was quantified histomorphometrically and the number of odontoclasts on the root surface was counted. Expression of RANKL and OPG was also examined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The root resorption area and the number of odontoclasts were significantly greater in the experimental group than in controls. Odontoclasts were detected in the resorption lacunae and PDL in the experimental group, whereas osteoclasts were located only along the alveolar bone in controls. OPG was detected on the alveolar bone in the experimental group and on the root surfaces of the controls. CONCLUSIONS Jiggling force is a critical factor in severe root resorption, affecting RANKL and OPG expression, which accelerates and inhibits odontoclastic induction, respectively.
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Yu HS, Kim JJ, Kim HW, Lewis MP, Wall I. Impact of mechanical stretch on the cell behaviors of bone and surrounding tissues. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731415618342. [PMID: 26977284 PMCID: PMC4765821 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415618342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading is recognized to play an important role in regulating the behaviors of cells in bone and surrounding tissues in vivo. Many in vitro studies have been conducted to determine the effects of mechanical loading on individual cell types of the tissues. In this review, we focus specifically on the use of the Flexercell system as a tool for studying cellular responses to mechanical stretch. We assess the literature describing the impact of mechanical stretch on different cell types from bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, and cartilage, describing individual cell phenotype responses. In addition, we review evidence regarding the mechanotransduction pathways that are activated to potentiate these phenotype responses in different cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ju Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, South Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mark P Lewis
- Musculo-Skeletal Biology Research Group, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ivan Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, South Korea
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Manokawinchoke J, Sumrejkanchanakij P, Subbalekha K, Pavasant P, Osathanon T. Jagged1 inhibits osteoprotegerin expression by human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:789-799. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Manokawinchoke
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Sumrejkanchanakij
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K. Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T. Osathanon
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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Short-term heat pre-treatment modulates the release of HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in hPDL cells following mechanical loading and affects monocyte behavior. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:923-31. [PMID: 26358476 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heat shock proteins (HSP) act as cell-protective molecules that are upregulated upon thermal insult, hypoxia, and ischemia. Such ischemic conditions can be found during tissue remodeling associated with orthodontic tooth movement or trauma when compression forces lead to cell necrosis and subsequent clearance of cellular debris by immune competent cells. Host immune overreaction can result in undesired side effects such as tooth root resorption. Here, we analyzed whether heat pre-treatment would affect the initially catabolic host immune response induced by mechanical loading of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells, which represent major constituents of the tooth supporting apparatus involved in the regulation of periodontal remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifth passage hPDL cells were exposed to an elevated temperature of 43° for 1 h prior to mechanical loading. Cell morphology, high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 expression were analyzed microscopically and by ELISA. The physiological relevance for monocyte behavior was tested in monocyte adhesion and osteoclast differentiation assays. RESULTS Short-term heat pre-treatment did not show any visible effect on hPDL cell morphology, but resulted in a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines when being additionally loaded mechanically. Supernatants of heat-exposed hPDL cell cultures demonstrated a reduced impact on monocyte adhesion and osteoclastic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Heat pre-treatment of hPDL cells induces cell-protective mechanisms towards mechanical stress and favors the reduction of cell stress associated effects on monocyte/macrophage physiology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data present the induction of heat shock proteins as a promising treatment option to limit undesired side effects of periodontal remodeling.
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Son GY, Yang YM, Park WS, Chang I, Shin DM. Hypotonic stress induces RANKL via transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) and vaniloid 4 (TRPV4) in human PDL cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94:473-81. [PMID: 25595364 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514567196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling occurs in response to various types of mechanical stress. The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in mechanical stress-mediated alveolar bone remodeling. However, the underlying mechanism at the cellular level has not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on the expression of bone remodeling factors, including receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as its upstream signaling pathway in primary human PDL cells. We applied hypotonic stress to reproduce shear stress to PDL cells. Hypotonic stress induced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of RANKL but not OPG. It also increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Extracellular Ca(2+) depletion and nonspecific plasma membrane Ca(2+) channel blockers completely inhibited the increase in both [Ca(2+)]i and RANKL mRNA expression. We identified the expression and activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) and vaniloid 4 (TRPV4) channels in PDL cells. Pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and 4α-phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (4α-PDD), which are agonists of TRPM3 and TRPV4, augmented Ca(2+) influx and RANKL mRNA expression. Both pharmacological (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate [2-APB], ruthenium red [RR], ononetin [Ono], and HC 067047 [HC]) and genetic (small interfering RNA [siRNA]) inhibitors of TRPM3 and TRPV4 reduced the hypotonic stress-mediated increase in [Ca(2+)]i and RANKL mRNA expression. Our study shows that hypotonic stress induced RANKL mRNA expression via TRPM3- and TRPV4-mediated extracellular Ca(2+) influx and RANKL expression. This signaling pathway in PDL cells may play a critical role in mechanical stress-mediated alveolar bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Son
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y M Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - W S Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Chang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - D M Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Suzuki R, Nemoto E, Shimauchi H. Cyclic tensile force up-regulates BMP-2 expression through MAP kinase and COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in human periodontal ligament cells. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:232-241. [PMID: 24561081 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament cells play important roles in the homeostasis of periodontal tissue by mechanical stress derived from mastication, such as tension, compression, fluid shear, and hydrostatic force. In the present study, we showed that cyclic tensile force increased the gene expression level of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, a crucial regulator of mineralization, in human periodontal ligament cells using real-time PCR. Signaling inhibitors, PD98059/U0126 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors) and SB203580/SB202190 (p38 inhibitors), revealed that tensile force-mediated BMP-2 expression was dependent on activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. Cyclic tensile force also induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression in a manner dependent on ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase pathways, and induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis. NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor, significantly reduced tensile force-mediated BMP-2 expression, indicating that PGE2 synthesized by COX-2 may be involved in the BMP-2 induction. The inhibitory effect of NS-398 was completely restored by the addition of exogenous PGE2. However, stimulation with PGE2 alone in the absence of tensile force had no effect on the BMP-2 induction, indicating that some critical molecule(s) other than COX-2/PGE2 may be required for cyclic tensile force-mediated BMP-2 induction. Collectively, the results indicate that cyclic tensile force activates ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways, and induces COX-2 expression, which is responsible for the sequential PGE2 biosynthesis and release, and furthermore, mediates the increase in BMP-2 expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Shimauchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Liao C, Hua Y. Effect of hydrogen sulphide on the expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand in human periodontal ligament cells induced by tension-force stimulation. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1784-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Niklas A, Proff P, Gosau M, Römer P. The role of hypoxia in orthodontic tooth movement. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:841840. [PMID: 24228034 PMCID: PMC3818850 DOI: 10.1155/2013/841840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic forces are known to have various effects on the alveolar process, such as cell deformation, inflammation, and circulatory disturbances. Each of these conditions affecting cell differentiation, cell repair, and cell migration, is driven by numerous molecular and inflammatory mediators. As a result, bone remodeling is induced, facilitating orthodontic tooth movement. However, orthodontic forces not only have cellular effects but also induce vascular changes. Orthodontic forces are known to occlude periodontal ligament vessels on the pressure side of the dental root, decreasing the blood perfusion of the tissue. This condition is accompanied by hypoxia, which is known to either affect cell proliferation or induce apoptosis, depending on the oxygen gradient. Because upregulated tissue proliferation rates are often accompanied by angiogenesis, hypoxia may be assumed to fundamentally contribute to bone remodeling processes during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Niklas
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P. Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Gosau
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P. Römer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Heckler A, Mirzaei Z, Pereira I, Simmons C, Gong SG. Development of a three-dimensional in vitro model system to study orthodontic tooth movement. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1498-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ito M, Arakawa T, Okayama M, Shitara A, Mizoguchi I, Takuma T. Gravity loading induces adenosine triphosphate release and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in human periodontal ligament cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:266-74. [PMID: 23798356 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM The periodontal ligament (PDL) receives mechanical stress (MS) from dental occlusion or orthodontic tooth movement. Mechanical stress is thought to be a trigger for remodeling of the PDL and alveolar bone, although its signaling mechanism is still unclear. So we investigated the effect of MS on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation in PDL cells. METHODS Mechanical stress was applied to human PDL cells as centrifugation-mediated gravity loading. Apyrase, Ca(2+)-free medium and purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists were utilized to analyze the contribution of purinergic receptors to ERK phosphorylation. RESULTS Gravity loading and ATP increased ERK phosphorylation by 5 and 2.5 times, respectively. Gravity loading induced ATP release from PDL cells by tenfold. Apyrase and suramin diminished ERK phosphorylation induced by both gravity loading and ATP. Under Ca(2+)-free conditions the phosphorylation by gravity loading was partially decreased, whereas ATP-induced phosphorylation was unaffected. Receptors P2Y4 and P2Y6 were prominently expressed in the PDL cells. CONCLUSION Gravity loading induced ATP release and ERK phosphorylation in PDL fibroblasts, and ATP signaling via P2Y receptors was partially involved in this phosphorylation, which in turn would enhance gene expression for the remodeling of PDL tissue during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kim SJ, Park KH, Park YG, Lee SW, Kang YG. Compressive stress induced the up-regulation of M-CSF, RANKL, TNF-α expression and the down-regulation of OPG expression in PDL cells via the integrin-FAK pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:707-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Meeran NA. Cellular response within the periodontal ligament on application of orthodontic forces. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:16-20. [PMID: 23633766 PMCID: PMC3636936 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During application of controlled orthodontic force on teeth, remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone takes place. Orthodontic forces induce a multifaceted bone remodeling response. Osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption are mainly derived from the macrophages and osteoblasts are produced by proliferations of the cells of the periodontal ligament. Orthodontic force produces local alterations in vascularity, as well as cellular and extracellular matrix reorganization, leading to the synthesis and release of various neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, colony-stimulating factors, and metabolites of arachidonic acid. Although many studies have been reported in the orthodontic and related scientific literature, research is constantly being done in this field resulting in numerous current updates in the biology of tooth movement, in response to orthodontic force. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the mechanical and biological processes taking place at the cellular level during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Ahmed Meeran
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Thiruvallur Taluk, Pandur, Tamilnadu, India
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Saminathan A, Vinoth KJ, Low HH, Cao T, Meikle MC. Engineering three-dimensional constructs of the periodontal ligament in hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel films and a mechanically active environment. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:790-801. [PMID: 23581542 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in stationary two-dimensional culture systems are in a double default state. Our aim therefore was to engineer and characterize three-dimensional constructs, by seeding PDL cells into hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel films (80-100 μm) in a format capable of being mechanically deformed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human PDL constructs were cultured with and without connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 in (i) stationary cultures, and (ii) mechanically active cultures subjected to cyclic strains of 12% at 0.2 Hz each min, 6 h/d, in a Flexercell FX-4000 Strain Unit. The following parameters were measured: cell number and viability by laser scanning confocal microscopy; cell proliferation with the MTS assay; the expression of a panel of 18 genes using real-time RT-PCR; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1-3, TIMP-1, CTGF and FGF-2 protein levels in supernatants from mechanically activated cultures with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Constructs from stationary cultures were also examined by scanning electron microscopy and immunostained for actin and vinculin. RESULTS Although initially randomly distributed, the cells became organized into a bilayer by day 7; apoptotic cells remained constant at approximately 5% of the total. CTGF/FGF-2 stimulated cell proliferation in stationary cultures, but relative quantity values suggested modest effects on gene expression. Two transcription factors (RUNX2 and PPARG), two collagens (COL1A1, COL3A1), four MMPs (MMP-1-3, TIMP-1), TGFB1, RANKL, OPG and P4HB were detected by gel electrophoresis and Ct values < 35. In mechanically active cultures, with the exception of P4HB, TGFB1 and RANKL, each was upregulated at some point in the time scale, as was the synthesis of MMPs and TIMP-1. SOX9, MYOD, SP7, BMP2, BGLAP or COL2A1 were not detected in either stationary or mechanically active cultures. CONCLUSION Three-dimensional tissue constructs provide additional complexity to monolayer culture systems, and suggest some of the assumptions regarding cell growth, differentiation and matrix turnover based on two-dimensional cultures may not apply to cells in three-dimensional matrices. Primarily developed as a transitional in vitro model for studying cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in tooth support, the system is also suitable for investigating the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, and importantly from the clinical point of view, in a mechanically active environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saminathan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 11 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119083, Singapore
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Barbieri G, Solano P, Alarcón JA, Vernal R, Rios-Lugo J, Sanz M, Martín C. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in gingival crevicular fluid during early orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2013; 83:63-69. [PMID: 22716279 PMCID: PMC8805527 DOI: 10.2319/022812-168.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of an activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, pilot clinical trial including 10 healthy volunteers was conducted using a split-mouth design. Orthodontic elastic separators were placed between the second premolar and first molar, with the contralateral quadrant serving as a control. The GCF samples were collected from the tension and compression sites at baseline, 24 hours, and 7 days after the placement of separators. The GCF sample volumes were measured using a Periotron 8000, and total protein concentrations were determined. Levels of RANK, OPG, OPN, and TGF-ß1 were also analyzed using a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The control sites remained unchanged throughout the study. In contrast, the concentration of OPG significantly decreased at the compression site by 24 hours, and the amount and concentration of RANK differed significantly between the control, compression, and tension sites after 7 days. A significant increase in absolute TGF-ß1 levels was also detected at the compression site versus the control and tension sites after 7 days. CONCLUSION Bone metabolism is affected by application of force to the teeth by elastic separators. Both increased expression of bone resorptive mediators (eg, RANK and TGF-ß1) and decreased expression of a bone-forming mediator (eg, OPG) on the compression side were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Barbieri
- Instructor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Solano
- Research Fellow, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Alarcón
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Granada
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Associate Professor, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Odontology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Scientist, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Rios-Lugo
- Research Scientist, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Professor, Department of Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, ETEP Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Martín
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, ETEP Research Group, Madrid, Spain
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Kameyama S, Yoshimura Y, Kameyama T, Kikuiri T, Matsuno M, Deyama Y, Suzuki K, Iida J. Short-term mechanical stress inhibits osteoclastogenesis via suppression of DC-STAMP in RAW264.7 cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:292-8. [PMID: 23292096 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress is an important factor in bone homeostasis, which is maintained by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. However, little is known about the effects of mechanical stress on osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we examined the effects of short-term mechanical stress on osteoclastogenesis by applying tensile force to RAW264.7 cells stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) using a Flexercell tension system. We counted the number of osteoclasts that were tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive and multinucleated (two or more nuclei) with or without application of mechanical stress for 24 h. Osteoclast number was lower after mechanical stress compared with no mechanical stress. Furthermore, mechanical stress for up to 24 h caused downregulation of osteoclast-specific gene expression and fusion-related molecule [dendritic cell specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP), E-cadherin, Integrin αV and Integrin β3] mRNA levels. Protein expression of DC-STAMP decreased with mechanical stress for 24 h compared to the control without mechanical stress, whereas the expression of E-cadherin, Integrin αV and Integrin β3 was slightly decreased. Nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) mRNA levels were decreased at 6 h and increased at 12 and 24 h compared with the control. The levels of NFATc2, NFATc3 mRNA did not change compared with the control group. By contrast, mechanical stress for 24 h significantly enhanced NFAT transcriptional activity compared with the control, despite a decrease in DC-STAMP mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that short-term mechanical stress strongly inhibits osteoclastogenesis through the downregulation of DC-STAMP and other fusion-related molecules and that short-term mechanical stress induces a negative regulatory mechanism that cancels the enhancement of NFAT transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumika Kameyama
- Department of Orthodontics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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Andrade I, Taddei SR, Souza PE. Inflammation and Tooth Movement: The Role of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors. Semin Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Qing Hong Z, Meng Tao L, Yi Z, Wei L, Ju Xiang S, Li L. The effect of rotative stress on CAII, FAS, FASL, OSCAR, and TRAP gene expression in osteoclasts. J Cell Biochem 2012; 114:388-97. [PMID: 22949349 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects of rotative stress on carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), TNF receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS), FAS ligand (FASL), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) gene expression in osteoclasts. Osteoclasts were induced from RAW264.7 cells cultured in medium containing recombinant murine soluble receptor activator of NF-Kβ ligand (sRANKL). The mRNA and protein expression of CAII, FAS, FASL, OSCAR, and TRAP genes in osteoclasts was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, after osteoclasts were loaded at various rotative stress strengths and times. No significant differences in mRNA and protein expression were observed between any of the control groups (P > 0.05). Importantly, rotative stress had a significant effect on the mRNA and protein expression of these genes (P < 0.05). We found a negative relationship between rotative stress strength and prolonged loading time and the expression of FAS/FASL genes in osteoclasts. In addition, there was a positive relationship between rotative stress strength and prolonged loading time and the expression of CAII, OSCAR, or TRAP genes in osteoclasts. Based on these results, rotative stress has a significant effect on CAII, FAS, FASL, OSCAR, and TRAP gene expression in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qing Hong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, College of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, No.395 Yan-an Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Vishvanath A, Itinteang T, Tan ST, Day DJ. Infantile haemangioma expresses tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), TRAIL receptors, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator for nuclear factor кB ligand (RANKL). Histopathology 2012; 59:397-406. [PMID: 22034880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the expression of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors and decoy receptors, including osteoprotegerin (OPG) in infantile haemangioma (IH). METHODS AND RESULTS Immunostaining, Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used on IH biopsies and haemangioma explant-derived cells (HaemEDCs). TRAIL and its receptors and decoy receptors, including OPG, are expressed in proliferating IH tissues and in HaemEDCs. Cells forming the endothelium of immature capillaries of proliferating IHs express abundant OPG and show punctate von Willebrand Factor (vWF) staining. As the cells mature and assume the characteristic of endothelial cells they increase expression of vWF, but lose expression of OPG. The endothelium of IH shows minimal expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor кB ligand (RANKL) compared with a small population of RANKL-positive cells located within the interstitium between microvessels. Proliferating HaemEDCs express significantly higher levels of OPG and decoy receptor 2 than the matched tissue samples. Increased OPG expression is detected in the extracellular matrix and in the conditioned medium of HaemEDCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that OPG through the TRAIL pathway, but not the RANKL pathway, plays a role in regulating anti-apoptosis during the development of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Vishvanath
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in root resorption induced by heavy force in rats. J Orofac Orthop 2011; 72:457-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-011-0050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zainal Ariffin SH, Yamamoto Z, Zainol Abidin IZ, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zainal Ariffin Z. Cellular and molecular changes in orthodontic tooth movement. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1788-803. [PMID: 22125437 PMCID: PMC3201678 DOI: 10.1100/2011/761768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth movement induced by orthodontic treatment can cause sequential reactions involving the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone, resulting in the release of numerous substances from the dental tissues and surrounding structures. To better understand the biological processes involved in orthodontic treatment, improve treatment, and reduce adverse side effects, several of these substances have been proposed as biomarkers. Potential biological markers can be collected from different tissue samples, and suitable sampling is important to accurately reflect biological processes. This paper covers the tissue changes that are involved during orthodontic tooth movement such as at compression region (involving osteoblasts), tension region (involving osteoclasts), dental root, and pulp tissues. Besides, the involvement of stem cells and their development towards osteoblasts and osteoclasts during orthodontic treatment have also been explained. Several possible biomarkers representing these biological changes during specific phenomenon, that is, bone remodelling (formation and resorption), inflammation, and root resorption have also been proposed. The knowledge of these biomarkers could be used in accelerating orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Pavasant P, Yongchaitrakul T. Role of mechanical stress on the function of periodontal ligament cells. Periodontol 2000 2011; 56:154-65. [PMID: 21501242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kook SH, Jang YS, Lee JC. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis in response to compression force through TNF-α-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2891-901. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Moreno JO, Ardila-Pinto J, Del Toro-Carreño HR, Saltarín-Quintero H, Sierra-Tapias CL, Macias-Gomez F, Ulate E, Lombana-Sanchez N, Munoz HR. The Effect of Orthodontic Forces on Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Expression in Human Dental Pulp. J Endod 2011; 37:934-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cho ES, Lee KS, Son YO, Jang YS, Lee SY, Kwak SY, Yang YM, Park SM, Lee JC. Compressive mechanical force augments osteoclastogenesis by bone marrow macrophages through activation of c-Fms-mediated signaling. J Cell Biochem 2010; 111:1260-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Upregulation of bone-like extracellular matrix expression in human dental pulp stem cells by mechanical strain. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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