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Tessarin GWL, Toro LF, Pereira RF, Dos Santos RM, Azevedo RG. Peri-implantitis with a potential axis to brain inflammation: an inferential review. Odontology 2024; 112:1033-1046. [PMID: 38630323 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis (PI) is a chronic, inflammatory, and infectious disease which affects dental implants and has certain similarities to periodontitis (PD). Evidence has shown that PD may be related to several types of systemic disorders, such as diabetes and insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract infections, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, some types of bacteria in PD can also be found in PI, leading to certain similarities in the immunoinflammatory responses in the host. This review aims to discuss the possible connection between PI and neuroinflammation, using information based on studies about periodontal disorders, a topic whose connection with systemic alterations has been gaining the interest of the scientific community. Literature concerning PI, PD, and systemic disorders, such as neuroinflammation, brain inflammation, and neurological disorder, was searched in the PubMed database using different keyword combinations. All studies found were included in this narrative review. No filters were used. Eligible studies were analyzed and reviewed carefully. This study found similarities between PI and PD development, maintenance, and in the bacterial agents located around the teeth (periodontitis) or dental implants (peri-implantitis). Through the cardiovascular system, these pathologies may also affect blood-brain barrier permeability. Furthermore, scientific evidence has suggested that microorganisms from PI (as in PD) can be recognized by trigeminal fiber endings and start inflammatory responses into the trigeminal ganglion. In addition, bacteria can traverse from the mouth to the brain through the lymphatic system. Consequently, the immune system increases inflammatory mediators in the brain, affecting the homeostasis of the nervous tissue and vice-versa. Based on the interrelation of microbiological, inflammatory, and immunological findings between PD and PI, it is possible to infer that immunoinflammatory changes observed in PD can imply systemic changes in PI. This, as discussed, could lead to the development or intensification of neuroinflammatory changes, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin
- University Center in the North of São Paulo (UNORTE), São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15020-040, Brazil.
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luan Felipe Toro
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Marilia Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Felipe Pereira
- Union of Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Gomes Azevedo
- University Center in the North of São Paulo (UNORTE), São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15020-040, Brazil
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Li R, Wang J, Xiong W, Luo Y, Feng H, Zhou H, Peng Y, He Y, Ye Q. The oral-brain axis: can periodontal pathogens trigger the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease? Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358179. [PMID: 38362505 PMCID: PMC10868393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline. Sporadic AD, accounting for more than 95% of cases, may arise due to the influence of environmental factors. It was reported that periodontitis, a common oral ailment, shares several risk factors with AD, including advanced age, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, among others. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of oral microorganisms, whereas Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuroinflammation. Many studies have indicated that chronic inflammation can instigate brain AD-related pathologies, including amyloid-β plaques, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. The potential involvement of periodontal pathogens and/or their virulence factors in the onset and progression of AD by the oral-brain axis has garnered significant attention among researchers with ongoing investigations. This review has updated the periodontal pathogens potentially associated with AD, elucidating their impact on the central nervous system, immune response, and related pathological processes in the brain to provide valuable insights for future research on the oral-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixian Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjian Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Oh S, Lee HJ, Park KU. Metagenomic characterization of the microbiomes in five different body habitats of otherwise healthy individuals with periodontal disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257816. [PMID: 37780855 PMCID: PMC10534035 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have proposed several plausible mechanisms supporting the association between periodontal disease and systemic disease. However, characterizing the microbial communities in individuals with periodontal disease before onset of other diseases is an important first step in determining how the altered microbial state contributes to disease progression. This study established microbiome profiles for five body habitats of carefully selected, otherwise healthy individuals with periodontal disease. Methods Blood, oral (buccal mucosa, dental plaque, and saliva), and stool samples were collected from ten healthy subjects with periodontal disease. Using 16S rRNA metagenomics, the taxonomic and functional compositions of microbiomes were investigated. Results The most predominant phylum in blood and stool was Bacillota. Pseudomonadota accounted for the largest proportion of microbes in the buccal mucosa and saliva, whereas Bacteroidota were the most prevalent in dental plaque. Differential abundance analysis revealed that 12 phyla and 139 genera were differentially abundant between body habitats. Comparison of alpha diversity showed that the blood microbiome has the most diverse community close to neither oral nor stool microbiomes. We also predicted the functional configurations of the microbiome in otherwise healthy subjects with periodontal disease. Principal coordinate analysis based on functional abundance revealed distinct clustering of the microbial communities between different body habitats, as also observed for taxonomic abundance. In addition, 13 functional pathways, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and proteasome, showed differential expression between habitats. Discussion Our results offer insight into the effects of the microbiome on systemic health and disease in people with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Visentin D, Gobin I, Maglica Ž. Periodontal Pathogens and Their Links to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1832. [PMID: 37513004 PMCID: PMC10385044 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens that play a role in the development and progression of periodontitis have gained significant attention due to their implications in the onset of various systemic diseases. Periodontitis is characterized as an inflammatory disease of the gingival tissue that is mainly caused by bacterial pathogens. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia are regarded as the main periodontal pathogens. These pathogens elicit the release of cytokines, which in combination with their virulence factors induce chronic systemic inflammation and subsequently impact neural function while also altering the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The primary objective of this review is to summarize the existing information regarding periodontal pathogens, their virulence factors, and their potential association with neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. We systematically reviewed longitudinal studies that investigated the association between periodontal disease and the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Out of the 24 studies examined, 20 showed some degree of positive correlation between periodontal disease and neurodegenerative disorders, with studies focusing on cognitive function demonstrating the most robust effects. Therefore, periodontal pathogens might represent an exciting new approach to develop novel preventive treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Visentin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Željka Maglica
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Pisani F, Pisani V, Arcangeli F, Harding A, Singhrao SK. Treponema denticola Has the Potential to Cause Neurodegeneration in the Midbrain via the Periodontal Route of Infection-Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6049. [PMID: 37297653 PMCID: PMC10252855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common example of dementia. The neuropathological features of AD are the abnormal deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. It is recognized that AD starts in the frontal cerebral cortex, and then it progresses to the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the rest of the brain. However, some studies on animals suggest that AD could also progress in the reverse order starting from the midbrain and then spreading to the frontal cortex. Spirochetes are neurotrophic: From a peripheral route of infection, they can reach the brain via the midbrain. Their direct and indirect effect via the interaction of their virulence factors and the microglia potentially leads to the host peripheral nerve, the midbrain (especially the locus coeruleus), and cortical damage. On this basis, this review aims to discuss the hypothesis of the ability of Treponema denticola to damage the peripheral axons in the periodontal ligament, to evade the complemental pathway and microglial immune response, to determine the cytoskeletal impairment and therefore causing the axonal transport disruption, an altered mitochondrial migration and the consequent neuronal apoptosis. Further insights about the central neurodegeneration mechanism and Treponema denticola's resistance to the immune response when aggregated in biofilm and its quorum sensing are suggested as a pathogenetic model for the advanced stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Pisani
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Valerio Pisani
- IRCCS, “Santa Lucia” Foundation, Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Arcangeli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASLRM1, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Geriatric Department, Advanced Centre for Dementia and Cognitive Disorders, Via Emilio Morosini, 30, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Harding
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Simarjit Kaur Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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The Use of Premixed Calcium Silicate Bioceramic Sealer with Warm Carrier-Based Technique: A 2-Year Study for Patients Treated in a Master Program. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030164. [PMID: 36976088 PMCID: PMC10054578 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently several calcium silicate flowable sealers have been introduced as endodontic materials for the root canal. This clinical study tested the use of a new premixed calcium silicate bioceramic sealer in association with the Thermafil warm carrier-based technique (TF). Epoxy-resin-based sealer with the warm carrier-based technique was the control group. Methodology: Healthy consecutive patients (n = 85) requiring 94 root canal treatments were enrolled in this study and assigned to one filling group (Ceraseal-TF n = 47, AH Plus-TF n = 47) in accordance with operator training and best clinical practice. Periapical X-rays were taken preoperatively, after root canal filling and after 6, 12 and 24 months. Two evaluators blindly assessed the periapical index (PAI) and sealer extrusion in the groups (k = 0.90). Healing rate and survival rate were also evaluated. Chi-square tests was used to analyze significant differences between the groups. Multilevel analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with healing status. Results: A total of 89 root canal treatments in 82 patients were analyzed at the end-line (24 months). The total drop-out was 3.6% (3 patients; 5 teeth). A total of 91.1% of healed teeth (PAI 1-2) was observed in Ceraseal-TF, with 88.6% in AH Plus-TF. No significant difference was observed on healing outcome and survival among the two filling groups (p > 0.05). Apical extrusion of the sealers occurred in 17 cases (19.0%). Of these, 6 occurred in Ceraseal-TF (13.3%) and 11 in AH Plus-TF (25.0%). Three Ceraseal extrusions were radiographically undetectable after 24 months. All the AH Plus extrusions did not change during the evaluation time. Conclusions: The combined use of the carrier-based technique and premixed CaSi-based bioceramic sealer showed clinical results comparable with carrier-based technique and epoxy-resin-based sealer. The radiographical disappearance of apically extruded Ceraseal is a possible event in the first 24 months.
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Buonavoglia A, Zamparini F, Lanave G, Pellegrini F, Diakoudi G, Spinelli A, Lucente MS, Camero M, Vasinioti VI, Gandolfi MG, Martella V, Prati C. Endodontic Microbial Communities in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2023; 49:178-189. [PMID: 36526107 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apical periodontitis (AP) represents an inflammatory condition of peri-radicular tissues due to invasion and colonization of bacteria in the root canals. Primary apical periodontitis (PAP) is associated with untreated necrotic root canal and can be efficiently treated with endodontic treatment to remove bacteria. Persistent/secondary apical periodontitis (SAP) is a perpetual periapical lesion due to unsuccessfully treated root canals after an initial apparent healing of the tooth. The aim of the study was evaluating the microbial communities associated with root canals using Nanopore sequencing. METHODS Seventeen samples from the root canals of 15 patients with AP were Polymerase Chain Reaction-amplified for 16s ribosomal DNA gene and sequenced. Information regarding the presence or absence of AP symptoms, PAP and SAP, and periapical index of patients were recorded. RESULTS Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla detected and Phocaeicola, Pseudomonas, Rothia, and Prevotella were the most prominent genera. In samples of patients with AP symptoms, the most frequent detected genera were Cutibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Dialister, Prevotella, and Staphylococcus. In PAP samples, the most represented genera were Cutibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Prevotella, whilst in SAP cases were Cutibacterium, Prevotella, Atopobium, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, Solobacterium, and Streptococcus. CONCLUSIONS The results provide additional information on the microbiota of root-canals. These data evidence the complexity of the microbiota and the relationship with many clinical and endodontic conditions. Future studies must evaluate these conditions and identify their role in inducing bone damage and local and systemic disease, aiming to better elucidate the relationship between microbes and endodontic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | | | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Implications of Microorganisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4584-4615. [PMID: 36286029 PMCID: PMC9600878 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a deadly brain degenerative disorder that leads to brain shrinkage and dementia. AD is manifested with hyperphosphorylated tau protein levels and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide buildup in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain. The nervous tissue of AD patients also contains fungal proteins and DNA which are linked to bacterial infections, suggesting that polymicrobial infections also occur in the brains of those with AD. Both immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques were employed to assess fungal and bacterial infections in the brain tissue of AD patients and non-AD controls, with the most prevalent fungus genera detected in AD patients being Alternaria, Botrytis, Candida, and Malassezia. Interestingly, Fusarium was the most common genus detected in the control group. Both AD patients and controls were also detectable for Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides for bacterial infection. At the family level, Burkholderiaceae and Staphylococcaceae exhibited higher levels in the brains of those with AD than the brains of the control group. Accordingly, there is thought to be a viscous cycle of uncontrolled neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain, caused by agents such as the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), Chlamydophilapneumonia, and Spirochetes, and the presence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), which is associated with an increased proinflammatory response in the immune system. Systemic proinflammatory cytokines are produced by microorganisms such as Cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori, and those related to periodontal infections. These can then cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and lead to the onset of dementia. Here, we reviewed the relationship between the etiology of AD and microorganisms (such as bacterial pathogens, Herpesviridae viruses, and periodontal pathogens) according to the evidence available to understand the pathogenesis of AD. These findings might guide a targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach to AD.
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Yan C, Diao Q, Zhao Y, Zhang C, He X, Huang R, Li Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection-induced neurodegeneration and abnormal gut microbiota composition in Alzheimer’s disease-like rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884543. [PMID: 36188448 PMCID: PMC9523129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore whether Fusobacterium nucleatum could lead to behavioral and pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like model rat and whether they could affect the gut microbiota. Methods The cognitive ability and alveolar bone loss of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were tested by Morris water maze and Micro-CT, respectively. HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the pathological changes and Aβ1–42 in brains. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of p-Tau 181 in the brain. Limulus amebocyte lysate assay and PCR were performed to determine serum LPS level and whether F. nucleatum accessed the brain, respectively. The gut microbiota was analyzed by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Results Oral infection with F. nucleatum could induce increased alveolar bone loss and learning impairment in AD-like rats. Additionally, F. nucleatum exposure increased the Aβ1–42 expression by about one-fourth (P < 0.05), p-Tau181 by about one-third (P < 0.05), and serum LPS (P < 0.05) in AD-like rats. Moreover, F. nucleatum could change the gut microflora composition in AD-like rats, accompanied by a significant increase in the abundance of Streptococcus and Prevotella. Conclusion Oral infection with F. nucleatum could contribute to abnormalities in cognitive ability and pathological change in the brain of AD-like rats, which may be related to abnormal gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilin Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoya He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li,
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Shen X, Yang Y, Li J, Zhang B, Wei W, Lu C, Yan C, Wei H, Li Y. Immune Responses Regulated by Key Periodontal Bacteria in Germ-Free Mice. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050513. [PMID: 35631034 PMCID: PMC9146732 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune dysregulation induced by periodontal bacteria has important roles in the development of periodontitis. However, the role of key periodontal bacteria in local and systemic immunity has not been comprehensively studied. Herein, to explore immunoregulation maps of key periodontal bacteria, a mono-colonized germ-free mice model with P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola for two weeks was designed in this study. The alveolar bone loss was determined by micro-CT. A total of 14 types of innate and adaptive immune cells of the gingiva, spleen, and colon were detected by multi-color flow cytometry. P. gingivalis induced the strongest innate immune response in gingiva and mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) changed most significantly, compared to F. nucleatum and T. denticola. Immune dysregulation of the colon was widely induced by F. nucleatum. T. denticola mainly induced immune disorder in spleen. ILC3s, Tregs, CD11B+ dendritic cells s, MNPs, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were the main types in response to key periodontal bacteria. However, the alveolar bone loss was not induced by key periodontal bacteria. In conclusion, the overall immunoregulation of monomicrobial stimuli to decipher the complexities of periodontitis was provided in this study. P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola have different effects on local and systemic immunity in gingiva, colon, and spleen of germ-free mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China;
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China;
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Changqing Lu
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200435, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.L.)
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Nie B, Huo S, Qu X, Guo J, Liu X, Hong Q, Wang Y, Yang J, Yue B. Bone infection site targeting nanoparticle-antibiotics delivery vehicle to enhance treatment efficacy of orthopedic implant related infection. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:134-148. [PMID: 35386313 PMCID: PMC8958424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic implants account for 99% of orthopedic surgeries, however, orthopedic implant-related infection is one of the most serious complications owing to the potential for limb-threatening sequelae and mortality. Current antibiotic treatments still lack the capacity to target bone infection sites, thereby resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. Here, the bone infection site targeting efficacy of D6 and UBI29-41 peptides was investigated, and bone-and-bacteria dual-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) with D6 and UBI29-41 peptides were first fabricated to target bone infection site and control the release of vancomycin in bone infection site. The results of this study demonstrated that the bone-and-bacteria dual-targeted mesoporous silica NPs exhibit excellent bone and bacteria targeting efficacy, excellent biocompatibility and effective antibacterial properties in vitro. Furthermore, in a rat model of orthopedic implant-related infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the growth of bacteria was evidently inhibited without cytotoxicity, thus realizing the early treatment of implant-related infection. Hence, the bone-and-bacteria dual-targeted molecule-modified NPs may target bacteria-infected bone sites and act as ideal candidates for the therapy of orthopedic implant-related infections. A novel treatment of OII by nanoparticles targeting bone infection site was proposed. Dual-targeted MSNs with D6 and UBI peptides could target the bone infection site. Dual-targeted MSNs were fabricated to release vancomycin in bone infection site. Dual-targeted MSNs could be used for the therapy of OII.
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12
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Chakravarthi ST, Joshi SG. An Association of Pathogens and Biofilms with Alzheimer's Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010056. [PMID: 35056505 PMCID: PMC8778325 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition in which individuals experience progressive cognitive decline. Although it is known that beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of tau fibrils are hallmark characteristics of AD, the exact causes of these pathologies are still mostly unknown. Evidence that infectious diseases may cause AD pathology has been accumulating for decades. The association between microbial pathogens and AD is widely studied, and there are noticeable correlations between some bacterial species and AD pathologies, especially spirochetes and some of the oral microbes. Borrelia burgdorferi has been seen to correlate with Aβ plaques and NFTs in infected cells. Because of the evidence of spirochetes in AD patients, Treponema pallidum and other oral treponemes are speculated to be a potential cause of AD. T. pallidum has been seen to form aggregates in the brain when the disease disseminates to the brain that closely resemble the Aβ plaques of AD patients. This review examines the evidence as to whether pathogens could be the cause of AD and its pathology. It offers novel speculations that treponemes may be able to induce or correlate with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya T. Chakravarthi
- Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Suresh G. Joshi
- Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Drexel School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-215-895-1988
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13
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Sansores-España LD, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Olivares-Sagredo K, Cafferata EA, Martínez-Aguilar VM, Vernal R, Paula-Lima AC, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Experimental Models of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis With Neurodegenerative Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:781582. [PMID: 35822001 PMCID: PMC9261337 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.781582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a non-communicable chronic disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota, which generates a low-grade systemic inflammation that chronically damages the organism. Several studies have associated periodontitis with other chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the oral bacteria considered a keystone pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been detected in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers a low-grade systemic inflammation, which also favors the risk for both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the existence of an axis of Oral-Gut communication has been proposed, whose possible involvement in the development of neurodegenerative diseases has not been uncovered yet. The present review aims to compile evidence that the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggers changes in the gut microbiota, which creates a higher predisposition for the development of neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.The Oral-Gut-Brain axis could be defined based on anatomical communications, where the mouth and the intestine are in constant communication. The oral-brain axis is mainly established from the trigeminal nerve and the gut-brain axis from the vagus nerve. The oral-gut communication is defined from an anatomical relation and the constant swallowing of oral bacteria. The gut-brain communication is more complex and due to bacteria-cells, immune and nervous system interactions. Thus, the gut-brain and oral-brain axis are in a bi-directional relationship. Through the qualitative analysis of the selected papers, we conclude that experimental periodontitis could produce both neurodegenerative pathologies and intestinal dysbiosis, and that periodontitis is likely to induce both conditions simultaneously. The severity of the neurodegenerative disease could depend, at least in part, on the effects of periodontitis in the gut microbiota, which could strengthen the immune response and create an injurious inflammatory and dysbiotic cycle. Thus, dementias would have their onset in dysbiotic phenomena that affect the oral cavity or the intestine. The selected studies allow us to speculate that oral-gut-brain communication exists, and bacteria probably get to the brain via trigeminal and vagus nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Sansores-España
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | | | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cristina Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga, ,
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14
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Parra-Torres V, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Muñoz-Manríquez C, Sanhueza B, Cafferata EA, Paula-Lima AC, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Periodontal bacteria in the brain-Implication for Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2021; 29:21-28. [PMID: 34698406 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic non-communicable disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota. Pathogens can spread to the bloodstream, colonize other tissues or organs, and favor the onset of other pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathogens could permanently or transiently colonize the brain and induce an immune response. Thus, we analyzed the evidence combining oral bacteria's detection in the brain, both in animals and humans affected with AD. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guideline. Studies that detected oral bacteria at the brain level were selected. The search was carried out in the Medline, Latindex, SciELO, and Cochrane Library databases. SYRCLE tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for the risk of bias assessment. 23 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria. Infection with oral pathogens in animals was related to developing neuropathological characteristics of AD and bacteria detection in the brain. In patients with AD, oral bacteria were detected in brain tissues, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also detected. There is evidence of a microbiological susceptibility to develop AD when the most dysbiosis-associated oral bacteria are present. The presence of bacteria in the brain is related to AD's pathological characteristics, suggesting an etiological oral-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parra-Torres
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Benjamín Sanhueza
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Andrea C Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapo, Chile
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15
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Bronzato JD, Bomfim RA, Hayasida GZP, Cúri M, Estrela C, Paster BJ, Gomes BPFA. Analysis of microorganisms in periapical lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105055. [PMID: 33588190 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions. DESIGN Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data. RESULTS From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Bomfim
- Department of Community Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Z P Hayasida
- Department of Applied Math and Statistics, Institute of Math and Computing Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cúri
- Department of Applied Math and Statistics, Institute of Math and Computing Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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16
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González-Sanmiguel J, Schuh CMAP, Muñoz-Montesino C, Contreras-Kallens P, Aguayo LG, Aguayo S. Complex Interaction between Resident Microbiota and Misfolded Proteins: Role in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E2476. [PMID: 33203002 PMCID: PMC7697492 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are brain conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. These diseases are associated with the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ), alpha synuclein (α-Syn) and prion protein (PrP) depositions in the brain, respectively, which lead to synaptic disconnection and subsequent progressive neuronal death. Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating the pathogenesis of these diseases, the specific mechanisms of their origins remain largely unknown. A body of research suggests a potential association between host microbiota, neuroinflammation and dementia, either directly due to bacterial brain invasion because of barrier leakage and production of toxins and inflammation, or indirectly by modulating the immune response. In the present review, we focus on the emerging topics of neuroinflammation and the association between components of the human microbiota and the deposition of Aβ, α-Syn and PrP in the brain. Special focus is given to gut and oral bacteria and biofilms and to the potential mechanisms associating microbiome dysbiosis and toxin production with neurodegeneration. The roles of neuroinflammation, protein misfolding and cellular mediators in membrane damage and increased permeability are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina M. A. P. Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile; (C.M.A.P.S.); (P.C.-K.)
| | - Carola Muñoz-Montesino
- Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (J.G.-S.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Pamina Contreras-Kallens
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile; (C.M.A.P.S.); (P.C.-K.)
| | - Luis G. Aguayo
- Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (J.G.-S.); (C.M.-M.)
- Program on Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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17
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Jones MM, Vanyo ST, Ibraheem W, Maddi A, Visser MB. Treponema denticola stimulates Oncostatin M cytokine release and de novo synthesis in neutrophils and macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1527-1541. [PMID: 32678942 PMCID: PMC8265777 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0620-072rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine elevated in a number of inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease. OSM is produced by a variety of immune cells and has diverse functionality such as regulation of metabolic processes, cell differentiation, and the inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens. The oral cavity is under constant immune surveillance including complementary neutrophil and macrophage populations, due to a persistent symbiotic bacterial presence. Periodontal disease is characterized by a dysbiotic bacterial community, with an abundance of Treponema denticola. Despite strong associations with severe periodontal disease, the source and mechanism of the release of OSM have not been defined in the oral cavity. We show that OSM protein is elevated in the gingival epithelium and immune cell infiltrate during periodontal disease. Furthermore, salivary and oral neutrophil OSM is elevated in correlation with the presence of T. denticola. In an air pouch infection model, T. denticola stimulated higher levels of OSM than the oral pathogen Porphorymonas gingivalis, despite differential recruitment of innate immune cells suggesting T. denticola has distinct properties to elevate OSM levels. OSM release and transcription were increased in isolated human blood, oral neutrophils, or macrophages exposed to T. denticola in vitro as measured by ELISA, qPCR, and microscopy. Using transcription, translation, and actin polymerization inhibition, we found that T. denticola stimulates both OSM release through degranulation and de novo synthesis in neutrophils and also OSM release and synthesis in macrophages. Differential induction of OSM by T. denticola may promote clinical periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Jones
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stephen T Vanyo
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Wael Ibraheem
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Abhiram Maddi
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelle B Visser
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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18
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Zamparini F, Pelliccioni GA, Spinelli A, Gissi DB, Gandolfi MG, Prati C. Root canal treatment of compromised teeth as alternative treatment for patients receiving bisphosphonates: 60-month results of a prospective clinical study. Int Endod J 2020; 54:156-171. [PMID: 32901962 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This 60-month prospective study aimed to evaluate tooth survival and healing rates after root canal treatment in patients taking bisphosphonates (BPs). Secondary outcomes were complications and clinical variables observed during and after treatment. METHODS Root canal treatment was performed using manual K-file canal instrumentation and a carrier-based filling technique with an epoxy resin-based sealer. Teeth without adequate root/crown integrity were restored by trained operators at the tissue level (TL group) to prevent occlusal/mechanical stress and to enable periapical lesion healing without the risk of root fracture. Other teeth were restored with normal occlusal contacts (OC group). Healthy patients who had undergone one or more root canal treatments of the same type constituted the control group. The relationships of the following variables to survival and health status were examined (chi-squared test and multivariate analysis, P = 0.05): age, gender, smoking habit, tooth location, treatment type, BPs treatment, BPs exposure, initial periapical index (PAI) and occlusal restoration. Survival curves were constructed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, with extraction serving as the end-point. RESULTS In total, 65 patients with 109 root canal-treated teeth who were taking BPs were included. At 60 months, data from 57 patients (52F, 5M; median age 65.7 ± 8.6 years) who had undergone 96 root canal treatments were analysed (drop-out rate = 16.9%). The survival rate was 85%, and the success rate was 76%. The control group consisted of 46 patients (21F, 25M; median age 60.3 ± 7.2 years) who had undergone 102 root canal treatments. The survival rate was 88%, with 12 teeth lost during follow-up. The success rate was 73%. In the BP group, 55 teeth were restored normally (OC group) and 41 teeth were restored at the tissue level (TL group). No difference in the success or survival rate was observed between the BP and control groups (P > 0.05). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that only tooth type significantly affected survival status in the BP group. The analysis revealed the clinical relevance of smoking, tooth location and initial PAI on patients' health status (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Root canal treatments and post-endodontic restoration with tissue-level filling procedures represent a safe approach for severely damaged teeth in patients receiving BPs having comparable results to root filled teeth restored with occlusal contacts and to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zamparini
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G A Pelliccioni
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Spinelli
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D B Gissi
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M G Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Arrazuria R, Knight CG, Lahiri P, Cobo ER, Barkema HW, De Buck J. Treponema spp. Isolated from Bovine Digital Dermatitis Display Different Pathogenicity in a Murine Abscess Model. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1507. [PMID: 33007829 PMCID: PMC7600977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital dermatitis (DD) causes lameness in cattle with substantial negative impact on sustainability and animal welfare. Although several species of Treponema bacteria have been isolated from various DD stages, their individual or synergistic roles in the initiation or development of lesions remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to compare effects of the three most common Treponema species isolated from DD lesions in cattle (T. phagedenis, T. medium and T. pedis), both as individual and as mixed inoculations, in a murine abscess model. A total of 109 or 5 × 108Treponema spp. were inoculated subcutaneously, and produced abscess was studied after 7 days post infection. There were no synergistic effects when two or three species were inoculated together; however, T. medium produced the largest abscesses, whereas those produced by T. phagedenis were the smallest and least severe. Treponema species were cultured from skin lesions at 7 days post infection and, additionally, from the kidneys of some mice (2/5), confirming systemic infection may occur. Taken together, these findings suggest that T. medium and T. pedis may have more important roles in DD lesion initiation and development than T. phagedenis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; (R.A.); (P.L.); (E.R.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Cameron G. Knight
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada;
| | - Priyoshi Lahiri
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; (R.A.); (P.L.); (E.R.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Eduardo R. Cobo
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; (R.A.); (P.L.); (E.R.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; (R.A.); (P.L.); (E.R.C.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; (R.A.); (P.L.); (E.R.C.); (H.W.B.)
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20
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Singh KK, Kumar P, Das P, Marandi M, Panda S, Mahajan A, Kumar D. Association of specific microorganisms with endodontic signs and symptoms. A comparative study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3965-3969. [PMID: 33110794 PMCID: PMC7586604 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_523_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study aimed to evaluate the association of root canal microorganisms red complex and E. facealis with endodontic clinical signs and symptoms using polymerase chain reaction. Materials and Methods Bacterial samples were obtained using sterile paper points from the teeth of 100 subjects divided into two groups; Group I: 50 individuals with primary tooth infections and Group II: 50 individuals with failed endodontic treatment having the secondary infection. DNA extracted from samples was analyzed for endodontic pathogens by using species-specific primers. Results The pain was noticed in 66%, (33 of 50 subjects) in primary infection and 60% (30 of 50) in a secondary infection. A statistically significant association between pain and E. faecalis bacteria observed both in primary infection and secondary infection (P < 0.05). Tenderness on percussion was associated with 40% cases in Group I and 70% cases in Group II. The red complex accounted for 94% of cases associated with tenderness on percussion in primary infection while 86% of cases associated with secondary infection with a statistically significant association (P < 0.05). Conclusion Prevalence of red complex bacteria and E. faecalis suggested the association of studied bacteria with symptomatic infected pulp and periradicular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pragyan Das
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manjula Marandi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Dental Institute, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swagat Panda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hi-tech Dental College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mahajan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College and Hospital, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- BRS Dental College and Hospital, Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
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21
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Zha H, Lu H, Wu J, Chang K, Wang Q, Zhang H, Li J, Luo Q, Lu Y, Li L. Vital Members in the More Dysbiotic Oropharyngeal Microbiotas in H7N9-Infected Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:396. [PMID: 32850904 PMCID: PMC7433009 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of oropharyngeal (OP) microbiota is associated with multiple diseases, including H7N9 infection. Different OP microbial colonization states may reflect different severities or stages of disease and affect the effectiveness of the treatments. Current study aims to determine the vital bacteria that could possibly drive the OP microbiota in the H7N9 patients to more severe microbial dysbiosis state. The OP microbiotas of 42 H7N9 patients and 30 healthy subjects were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics and statistical analyses. Two clusters of OP microbiotas in H7N9 patients, i.e., Cluster_1_Diseased and Cluster_2_Diseased, were determined at two microbial colonization states by Partition Around Medoids (PAM) clustering analysis, each characterized by distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and functional metabolites. Cluster_1_Diseased was determined at more severe dysbiosis status compared with Cluster_2_Diseased, while OTU143_Capnocytophaga and OTU269_Treponema acted as gatekeepers for both of the two clustered microbiotas. Nine OTUs assigned to seven taxa, i.e., Alloprevotella, Atopobium, Megasphaera, Oribacterium, Prevotella, Stomatobaculum, and Veillonella, were associated with both H7N9 patients with and without secondary bacterial lung infection in Cluster_1. In addition, two groups of healthy cohorts may have potential different susceptibilities to H7N9 infection. These findings suggest that two OP microbial colonization states of H7N9 patients were at different dysbiosis states, which may help determine the health status of H7N9 patients, as well as the susceptibility of healthy subjects to H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyou Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Tiwari S, Saxena S, Kumari A, Chatterjee S, Hazra A, Choudhary AR. Detection of Red complex bacteria, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia in infected root canals and their association with clinical signs and symptoms. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1915-1920. [PMID: 32670940 PMCID: PMC7346963 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1177_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between endodontic clinical signs and symptoms and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: Microbial samples were obtained from 60 cases with necrotic pulp with primary teeth infections. DNA extracted from samples were analyzed for endodontic pathogens by using species-specific primers. Results: P. gingivalis/T. denticola were detected in 15 symptomatic teeth associated with periapical lesions. T. forsythia/T. denticola were found in 16 symptomatic teeth associated with pain and swelling. P. gingivalis was detected in 9 teeth which were associated with pain, 2 with tenderness on percussion, and 15 with periapical lesions. Statistically significant associations were found between T. forsythia as well as T. denticola in relation to clinical findings of pain and swelling. (P < 0.05). Red complex bacteria showed no statistical significant association with the presence of signs and symptoms. Conclusion: Prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia suggested association of these bacteria with symptomatic infected pulp and periradicular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tiwari
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sudhanshu Saxena
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Aarti Kumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Silpi Chatterjee
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Adreet Hazra
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Alok Ratan Choudhary
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
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Kim DH, Jeong SN, Lee JH. Severe periodontitis with tooth loss as a modifiable risk factor for the development of Alzheimer, vascular, and mixed dementia: National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Retrospective Cohort 2002-2015. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020; 50:303-312. [PMID: 33124208 PMCID: PMC7606895 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2000600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate severe periodontitis with tooth loss as a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed dementia (MD) using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Retrospective Cohort database with long-term follow-up over 14 years. Methods Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis was applied to a longitudinal retrospective database, which was updated in 2018, to evaluate the association between severe periodontitis with few remaining teeth and dementia after adjusting for potential risk factors, including sociodemographic factors and comorbid diseases. Results Among 514,866 individuals in South Korea, 237,940 (46.2%) participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected. A total of 10,115 age- and sex-matched participants with severe periodontitis and 10,115 periodontally healthy participants were randomly selected and evenly assigned. The results showed that the risks of AD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08), VaD (HR, 1.24), and MD (HR, 1.16) were significantly higher in patients with severe periodontitis with 1–9 remaining teeth after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, anthropomorphic measurements, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Conclusions Severe periodontitis with few remaining teeth (1–9) may be considered a modifiable risk factor for the development of AD, VaD, and MD in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Nyum Jeong
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Dental Research, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea.
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24
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Systemic inflammation linking chronic periodontitis to cognitive decline. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:63-73. [PMID: 31279681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation in the systemic immune system can impose detrimental effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation might be a result of this to accelerate the progressive deterioration of neuronal functions during aging. In this regard, controlling inflammation through delaying and/or preventing chronic inflammatory diseases may be a potential strategy to prevent or modify the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that is common among the elderly, especially for those who have decline in cognitive functions. While epidemiological findings support the association of chronic periodontitis and cognitive decline, whether they have causal relationship remains unclear. Nonetheless, the possibility that periodontopathogens, systemic immune cells and inflammatory cytokines could reach the CNS should not be overlooked. The impacts of periodontitis on CNS homeostasis and inflammation as a pathophysiological factor concerning the association between periodontitis and AD will be discussed in this review. Future work should elucidate the pathological pathways involved in periodontitis-induced cerebral infections and inflammation, and define the role of the latter in AD progression.
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25
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Konkel JE, O'Boyle C, Krishnan S. Distal Consequences of Oral Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1403. [PMID: 31293577 PMCID: PMC6603141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an incredibly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, which results in the destruction of tooth supporting structures. However, in addition to causing tooth and alveolar bone loss, this oral inflammatory disease has been shown to contribute to disease states and inflammatory pathology at sites distant from the oral cavity. Epidemiological and experimental studies have linked periodontitis to the development and/or exacerbation of a plethora of other chronic diseases ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to Alzheimer's disease. Such studies highlight how the inflammatory status of the oral cavity can have a profound impact on systemic health. In this review we discuss the disease states impacted by periodontitis and explore potential mechanisms whereby oral inflammation could promote loss of homeostasis at distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E. Konkel
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conor O'Boyle
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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26
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Hwang H, Kim J, Oh S, Song JH, Yang J, Zang Y, Kim Y, Lee S, Hwang Y, Koh J. TLR5 activation induces expression of the pro‐inflammatory mediator Urokinase Plasminogen Activator via NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1479-1488. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.‐S. Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - J.‐W. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - S.‐H. Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - J. H. Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - J.‐W. Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - Y. Zang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - Y.‐H. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - S.‐E. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
| | - Y.‐C. Hwang
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Chonnam National University Gwangju Korea
| | - J.‐T. Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental TherapeuticsChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization DisordersChonnam National UniversityGwangju Korea
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27
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Kikuchi Y, Kimizuka R, Kato T, Okuda K, Kokubu E, Ishihara K. Treponema denticola Induces Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Polarized Epithelial Cells. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2018; 59:265-275. [PMID: 30333370 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Treponema denticola, an anaerobic spirochete found mainly in the oral cavity, is associated with periodontal disease and has a variety of virulence factors. Although in vitro studies have shown that T. denticola is able to penetrate epithelial cell monolayers, its effect on the epithelial barrier junction is not known. Human gingival epithelial cells are closely associated with adjacent membranes, forming barriers in the presence of tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and occludin. Tight junction proteins are also expressed by Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in culture. In this study, the MDCK cell profile was investigated following infection with T. denticola (ATCC 35405) wild-type, as well as with its dentilisin-deficient mutant, K1. Basolateral exposure of MDCK cell monolayers to T. denticola at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 104 resulted in a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Transepithelial electrical resistance in MDCK cell monolayers also decreased following apical exposure to T. denticola (MOI=104), although this took longer with basolateral exposure. The effect on the TER was time-dependent and required the presence of live bacteria. Meanwhile, MDCK cell viability showed a decrease with either basolateral or apical exposure. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated decreases in the amounts of immunoreactive ZO-1 and claudin-1 in association with disruption of cell-cell junctions in MDCK cells exposed apically or basolaterally to T. denticola. Western blot analysis demonstrated degradation of ZO-1 and claudin-1 in culture lysates derived from T. denticola-exposed MDCK cells, suggesting a bacteria-induced protease capable of cleaving these tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Tetsuo Kato
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
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Frequency and levels of candidate endodontic pathogens in acute apical abscesses as compared to asymptomatic apical periodontitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190469. [PMID: 29293651 PMCID: PMC5749828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute apical abscess is caused by bacteria that leave the infected dental root canal to invade the periodontal tissues. Most species occurring in abscesses are also found in asymptomatic infections; therefore, the possibility exists that not only the presence of certain species but also their specific counts influence the appearance of symptoms. This molecular study compared the frequency and levels of several candidate endodontic pathogens in teeth with acute apical abscesses and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods Samples were taken from the root canals of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (n = 73) and by aspiration of purulent exudate from acute abscesses (n = 55). DNA was extracted from samples and bacterial identifications were performed by a closed-ended semi-quantitative reverse-capture checkerboard approach targeting 40 bacterial species/phylotypes. Results Bacterial DNA was detected in all cases. In abscesses, the most prevalent taxa were Fusobacterium nucleatum (60%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (53%), Parvimonas micra (51%), and Streptococcus species (45%). The most frequently detected taxa in asymptomatic teeth were P. endodontalis (63%), Dialister invisus (58%), Olsenella uli (56%), and F. nucleatum (51%). None of the targeted taxa were significantly associated with abscesses when only mere presence was evaluated (p>0.05). However, semi-quantitative data demonstrated that P. endodontalis, Prevotella baroniae, Treponema denticola and Streptococcus species were significantly more frequent at levels >105 in abscesses than in asymptomatic cases (p<0.05). Conclusion None of the target species/phylotypes were associated with abscesses in terms of frequency. However, some taxa were significantly found in higher levels in abscesses. Presence of a potentially virulent pathogen in high counts may increase the collective pathogenicity of the bacterial community and give rise to symptoms.
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29
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Ubiquitination in Periodontal Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071476. [PMID: 28698506 PMCID: PMC5535967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (periodontitis) is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by microbial infection that leads to gingival tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption. The periodontal tissue's response to dental plaque is characterized by the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, all of which release inflammatory mediators and cytokines to orchestrate the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Ubiquitination is achieved by a mechanism that involves a number of factors, including an ubiquitin-activating enzyme, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and ubiquitin-protein ligase. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification restricted to eukaryotes that are involved in essential host processes. The ubiquitin system has been implicated in the immune response, development, and programmed cell death. Increasing numbers of recent reports have provided evidence that many approaches are delivering promising reports for discovering the relationship between ubiquitination and periodontal disease. The scope of this review was to investigate recent progress in the discovery of ubiquitinated protein in diseased periodontium and to discuss the ubiquitination process in periodontal diseases.
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30
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The practice of disinfection of high-speed handpieces with 70% w/v alcohol: An evaluation. Am J Infect Control 2017; 45:e19-e22. [PMID: 27769703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A high-speed handpiece is used in several dental procedures and the official recommendation for safe decontamination consists of rinsing with water, washing with detergent, mechanical friction, and sterilization; however, many professionals only apply 70% w/v alcohol without also cleaning the tool between patients. We performed an analysis of high-speed handpieces reprocessed only with 70% w/v alcohol and found that the methods used in clinical practice are not safe.
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31
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Kalatzis-Sousa NG, Spin-Neto R, Wenzel A, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria G. Use of micro-computed tomography for the assessment of periapical lesions in small rodents: a systematic review. Int Endod J 2016; 50:352-366. [PMID: 26992821 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the literature on the acquisition-, reconstruction- and analysis parameters of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for the assessment of periapical lesions in rats and mice, and to illustrate the effect of variation in these parameters. The PubMed database was searched from 2000 to January 2015 (English-language publications) for reports on the use of micro-CT to evaluate periapical lesions in rats and mice. QUADAS criteria were used to rate the quality of the studies. To illustrate the effect of variations in acquisition-, reconstruction-, and analysis parameters on images of periapical lesions, micro-CT examination of two hemi-mandibles of mice, with periapical lesions around the first molar was undertaken. Twenty-one studies were identified, which analysed periapical lesions in rats or mice using micro-CT. According to the QUADAS, no study was classified as high-, seven were classified as moderate-, and 14 as low quality. The effect of variation in parameters was that voxel size may interfere with image sharpness, reconstruction may interfere with image sharpness and contrast, and inadequate plane orientation may alter the size of the periapical lesion. Nonpersonalized ROIs resulted in areas that were not part of the periapical lesion. Changing the limits of the threshold for bone-tissue visualization increased lesion size. There is no defined protocol for acquiring and analysing micro-CT images of periapical lesions in rats and mice. Furthermore, acquisition-, reconstruction- and analysis parameters are not adequately explained, which may compromise the scientific impact of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Kalatzis-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - R Spin-Neto
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Wenzel
- Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - G Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Abbayya K, Puthanakar NY, Naduwinmani S, Chidambar YS. Association between Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [PMID: 26199919 PMCID: PMC4488989 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.159325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which significantly increases with age. Its onset can be either early or late. AD is characterized by the salient inflammatory features, microglial activation, and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines which contribute to the inflammatory status of the central nervous system (CNS). Whereas, periodontitis is a common oral infection associated with the gram negative anaerobic bacteria. Periodontitis can be marked as a "low-grade systemic disease" by release of proinflammatory cytokines into systemic circulation and elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP). Inflammation is known to play a pivotal role in both the disease process serving as a connecting link between periodontitis and AD. The present review throws a light on possible enigmatic link between AD and periodontitis. This review is designed by collecting data from PubMed database using key words like "Alzheimer's disease", "inflammation", "periodontitis", and "proinflammatory cytokines".
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Abbayya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Satara, India
| | - Nagraj Y Puthanakar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Naduwinmani
- Department of Orthodontics, Maratha Mandal Dental College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Y S Chidambar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Kanamycin Resistance Cassette for Genetic Manipulation of Treponema denticola. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4329-38. [PMID: 25888173 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00478-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treponema denticola has been recognized as an important oral pathogen of the "red complex" bacterial consortium that is associated with the pathogenesis of endodontal and periodontal diseases. However, little is known about the virulence of T. denticola due to its recalcitrant genetic system. The difficulty in genetically manipulating oral spirochetes is partially due to the lack of antibiotic resistance cassettes that are useful for gene complementation following allelic replacement mutagenesis. In this study, a kanamycin resistance cassette was identified and developed for the genetic manipulation of T. denticola ATCC 35405. Compared to the widely used ermF-ermAM cassette, the kanamycin cassette used in the transformation experiments gave rise to additional antibiotic-resistant T. denticola colonies. The kanamycin cassette is effective for allelic replacement mutagenesis as demonstrated by inactivation of two open reading frames of T. denticola, TDE1430 and TDE0911. In addition, the cassette is also functional in trans-chromosomal complementation. This was determined by functional rescue of a periplasmic flagellum (PF)-deficient mutant that had the flgE gene coding for PF hook protein inactivated. The integration of the full-length flgE gene into the genome of the flgE mutant rescued all of the defects associated with the flgE mutant that included the lack of PF filament and spirochetal motility. Taken together, we demonstrate that the kanamycin resistance gene is a suitable cassette for the genetic manipulation of T. denticola that will facilitate the characterization of virulence factors attributed to this important oral pathogen.
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ROSA TP, SIGNORETTI FGC, MONTAGNER F, GOMES BPFDA, JACINTO RC. Prevalence of Treponemaspp. in endodontic retreatment-resistant periapical lesions. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100228. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lima SMDF, de Pádua GM, Sousa MGDC, Freire MDS, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Antimicrobial peptide-based treatment for endodontic infections--biotechnological innovation in endodontics. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:203-213. [PMID: 25447423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence/persistence of microorganisms in the pulp and periapical area corresponds to the maintenance of an exacerbated immune response that leads to the start of periradicular bone resorption and its perpetuation. In endodontic treatment, the available intracanal medications do not have all the desirable properties in the context of endodontic infection and apical periodontitis; they need to include not only strong antimicrobial performance but also an immunomodulatory and reparative activity, without host damage. In addition, there are various levels of resistance to root canal medications. Thus, antimicrobial agents that effectively eliminate resistant species in root canals could potentially improve endodontic treatment. In the emergence of new therapies, an increasing number of studies on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been seen over the past few years. AMPs are defense biomolecules produced in response to infection, and they have a wide spectrum of action against many oral microorganisms. There are some studies that correlate peptides and oral infections, including oral peptides, neuropeptides, and bacterial, fish, bovine and synthetic peptides. So far, there are around 120 published studies correlating endodontic microbiota with AMPs but, according to our knowledge, there are no registered patents in the American patent database. There are a considerable number of AMPs that exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity against endodontic microbiota at a small inhibitory concentration and modulate an exacerbated immune response, down-regulating bone resorption. All these reasons indicate the antimicrobial peptide-based endodontic treatment as an emerging and promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris de Freitas Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Martins de Pádua
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves da Costa Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Mirna de Souza Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Poole S, Singhrao SK, Crean SJ. Emerging evidence for associations between periodontitis and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1308/204268514x13859766312719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues in which interaction of specific bacteria and the host’s immune responses play a pivotal role. The pathogenic bacteria associated with PD are a source of systemic inflammation as they have the ability to enter systemic circulation during everyday tasks such as brushing teeth and chewing food. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia whereby inflammation is thought to play a key role in its pathogenesis and the risk of developing the disease increasing with age. The exact aetiology of the late-onset AD is unknown but peripheral infections are being considered as a potential risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Poole
- Oral and Dental Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE
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Abstract
Acute apical abscess is the most common form of dental abscess and is caused by infection of the root canal of the tooth. It is usually localized intraorally, but in some cases the apical abscess may spread and result in severe complications or even mortality. The reasons why dental root canal infections can become symptomatic and evolve to severe spreading and sometimes life-threatening abscesses remain elusive. Studies using culture and advanced molecular microbiology methods for microbial identification in apical abscesses have demonstrated a multispecies community conspicuously dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Species/phylotypes commonly found in these infections belong to the genera Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Dialister, Streptococcus, and Treponema. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational biology have substantially enhanced the knowledge of the microbiota associated with acute apical abscesses and shed some light on the etiopathogeny of this disease. Species richness and abundance and the resulting network of interactions among community members may affect the collective pathogenicity and contribute to the development of acute infections. Disease modifiers, including transient or permanent host-related factors, may also influence the development and severity of acute abscesses. This review focuses on the current evidence about the etiology and treatment of acute apical abscesses and how the process is influenced by host-related factors and proposes future directions in research, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches to deal with this disease.
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Nóbrega LMM, Delboni MG, Martinho FC, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Gomes BPFA. Treponema diversity in root canals with endodontic failure. Eur J Dent 2013; 7:61-8. [PMID: 23408792 PMCID: PMC3571511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate the prevalence of eight oral Treponemas (Treponema denticola, T. amylovorum, T. maltophilum, T. medium, T. pectinovorum, T. socranskii, T. vicentii and T. lecithinolyticum) in teeth with endodontic treatment failure and periapical lesion. METHODS Samples were taken from 40 root canals presenting endodontic failure and periapical lesion. DNA extraction was performed and Nested-PCR technique was used for the detection of Treponema species using specific primers. RESULTS Treponemas was detected in 56.5% of the samples analyzed (22/39). Individual root canals yielded a maximum of 6 target Treponema species. T. denticola (30.8%) and T. maltophilum (30.8%) were the most frequently detected species followed by T. medium (20.5%), T. socranskii (20.5%), T. pectinovorum (17.9%) and T. vicentii (17.9%). Positive association was verified between T. denticola and T. maltophilum such as T. medium (P<.05). T. lecithinolyticum was positively associated with intraradicular post (P<.05). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that a wide variety of Treponema species plays a role in persistent/secondary infection turning the root canal microbiota even more complex than previously described by endodontic literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M. M. Nóbrega
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo – BRASIL
| | - Maraisa G. Delboni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo – BRASIL
| | - Frederico C. Martinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo – BRASIL
| | - Alexandre A Zaia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo – BRASIL
| | - Caio C. R. Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo – BRASIL
| | - Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo – BRASIL,Corresponding author: Dr. Brenda PFA Gomes, Piracicaba Dental School – State University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Endodontics Division, Av. Limeira 901. – Bairro Areiao, Piracicaba, São Paulo – BRASIL, CEP 13414-903, Tel: +55 19 21065343, Fax: +55 19 21065218,
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Pathogenicity of Treponema denticola Wild-Type and Mutant Strain Tested by an Active Mode of Periodontal Infection Using Microinjection. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:549169. [PMID: 22829826 PMCID: PMC3398590 DOI: 10.1155/2012/549169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The available passive mode of periodontal infections in mice requires high efficiency of bacterial attachment and invasiveness and is not always suitable to test the pathogenicity of genetically engineered mutant strains. We developed an active mode of oral infection, using microinjection in the marginal gingiva of mice, to test the pathogenicity of a genetically engineered Treponema denticola mutant strain deficient in intermediate-like filaments, compared to the wild-type strain. This targeted mode of infection inoculates the bacterial strain to be tested directly at a lesion site (needle entry point) located at the future periodontal lesion site. The efficiency of T. denticola wild-type strain to elicit bone loss contrasted with the lack of pathogenicity of the intermediate-like filament deficient mutant strain in comparison to the sham infection. The periodontal microinjection oral model in mice can be used for a variety of applications complementary to the passive mode of periodontal infection in context of pathogenicity testing.
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Visser M, Ellen R. New insights into the emerging role of oral spirochaetes in periodontal disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:502-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ozbek SM, Ozbek A. Real-time polymerase chain reaction of "red complex" (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) in periradicular abscesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 110:670-4. [PMID: 20955954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) have been implicated, either singly or in combination, in the development of various forms of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of "red complex" in acute periradicular abscesses by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. STUDY DESIGN Microbial samples were collected by aspiration from 32 cases diagnosed as acute periradicular abscess. DNA was extracted from the samples by using a QIAamp DNA mini-kit and analyzed with real-time PCR. RESULTS At least 1 member of the red complex was found in 84% of the cases. In general T. denticola, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia were detected in 65.6%, 43.7%, and 40.6% of the cases, respectively. Red complex was detected in 15.6% of samples taken from acute periradicular abscesses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that "red complex" can participate in the pathogenesis of acute periradicular abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk M Ozbek
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Bakthavatchalu V, Meka A, Sathishkumar S, Lopez MC, Verma RK, Wallet SM, Bhattacharyya I, Boyce BF, Mans JJ, Lamont RJ, Baker HV, Ebersole JL, Kesavalu L. Molecular characterization of Treponema denticola infection-induced bone and soft tissue transcriptional profiles. Mol Oral Microbiol 2010; 25:260-74. [PMID: 20618700 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treponema denticola is associated with subgingival biofilms in adult periodontitis and with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which T. denticola impacts periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption remain unclear. Here, we examined changes in the host transcriptional profiles during a T. denticola infection using a murine calvarial model of inflammation and bone resorption. T. denticola was injected into the subcutaneous soft tissue over the calvaria of BALB/c mice for 3 days, after which the soft tissues and the calvarial bones were excised. RNA was isolated and analysed for transcript profiling using Murine GeneChip arrays. Following T. denticola infection, 2905 and 1234 genes in the infected calvarial bones and soft tissues, respectively, were differentially expressed (P <or= 0.05). Biological pathways significantly impacted by T. denticola infection in calvarial bone and calvarial tissue included leukocyte transendothelial migration, cell adhesion (immune system) molecules, cell cycle, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, B-cell receptor signaling and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathways resulting in proinflammatory, chemotactic effects, and T-cell stimulation. In conclusion, localized T. denticola infection differentially induces transcription of a broad array of host genes, the profiles of which differed between inflamed calvarial bone and soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bakthavatchalu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Dashper SG, Seers CA, Tan KH, Reynolds EC. Virulence factors of the oral spirochete Treponema denticola. J Dent Res 2010; 90:691-703. [PMID: 20940357 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510385242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that treponemes are involved in the etiology of several chronic diseases, including chronic periodontitis as well as other forms of periodontal disease. There are interesting parallels with other chronic diseases caused by treponemes that may indicate similar virulence characteristics. Chronic periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease, and recent animal studies indicate that co-infection of Treponema denticola with other periodontal pathogens can enhance alveolar bone resorption. The bacterium has a suite of molecular determinants that could enable it to cause tissue damage and subvert the host immune response. In addition to this, it has several non-classic virulence determinants that enable it to interact with other pathogenic bacteria and the host in ways that are likely to promote disease progression. Recent advances, especially in molecular-based methodologies, have greatly improved our knowledge of this bacterium and its role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Dashper
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health, Melbourne Dental School and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3010, Australia
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45
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Bernardini C, Gaibani P, Zannoni A, Vocale C, Bacci ML, Piana G, Forni M, Sambri V. Treponema denticola alters cell vitality and induces HO-1 and Hsp70 expression in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:509-16. [PMID: 20091146 PMCID: PMC3006620 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treponema denticola is an oral spirochete that is associated with periodontal disease and detected occasionally in extraoral lesions associated with systemic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases. The effect of specific bacterial products from oral treponemes on endothelium is poorly investigated. This study analyzed the ability of components of the outer membrane of T. denticola (OMT) to induce apoptosis and heat shock proteins (HO-1 and Hsp70) in porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs), compared with results obtained with classical pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Cellular apoptosis was detected when pAECs were treated with either OMT or LPS, suggesting that OMT can damage endothelium integrity by reducing endothelial cell vitality. Stimulation with OMT, similarly to LPS response, increased HO-1 and Hsp-70 protein expression in a time-dependent manner, correlating with a rise in HO-1 and Hsp-70 mRNA. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that T. denticola alters endothelial cell function. Moreover, our in vitro experiments represent a preliminary investigation to further in vivo study using a pig model to elucidate how T. denticola leaves the initial endodontic site and participates in the development of several systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology and Animal Production (DIMORFIPA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Gaibani P, Vocale C, Ambretti S, Cavrini F, Izard J, Miragliotta L, Pellegrino MT, Sambri V. Killing of Treponema denticola by mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Dent Res 2010; 89:521-6. [PMID: 20200417 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510363105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treponema denticola has been identified as an important cause of periodontal disease and hypothesized to be involved in extra-oral infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of T. denticola cell length and motility during mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro uptake. Macrophages, incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, produced a similar amount of TNF-alpha when stimulated with Escherichia coli LPS. The uptake of FlgE- and CfpA-deficient mutants of T. denticola was significantly increased compared with the wild-type strain, due to cell size or lack of motility. Opsonization with specific antibodies considerably improved the treponemes' uptake. These results suggest that macrophages, in addition to other phagocytes, could play an important role in the control of T. denticola infection, and that the raising of specific antibodies could improve the efficacy of the immune response toward T. denticola, either at an oral site or during dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaibani
- Department of Haematology and Oncology L. and A. Seragnoli, Section of Microbiology, University of Bologna, St. Orsola Hospital, 9 via G. Massarenti, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Kamer AR, Craig RG, Pirraglia E, Dasanayake AP, Norman RG, Boylan RJ, Nehorayoff A, Glodzik L, Brys M, de Leon MJ. TNF-alpha and antibodies to periodontal bacteria discriminate between Alzheimer's disease patients and normal subjects. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 216:92-7. [PMID: 19767111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The associations of inflammation/immune responses with clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha and elevated antibodies to periodontal bacteria would be greater in AD compared to normal controls (NL) and their combination would aid clinical diagnosis of AD. Plasma TNF-alpha and antibodies against periodontal bacteria were elevated in AD patients compared with NL and independently associated with AD. The number of positive IgG to periodontal bacteria incremented the TNF-alpha classification of clinical AD and NL. This study shows that TNF-alpha and elevated numbers of antibodies against periodontal bacteria associate with AD and contribute to the AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Kamer
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Kamer AR, Craig RG, Dasanayake AP, Brys M, Glodzik‐Sobanska L, Leon MJ. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease: Possible role of periodontal diseases. Alzheimers Dement 2007; 4:242-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ronald G. Craig
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial BiologyCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ananda P. Dasanayake
- Department of Epidemiology and Health PromotionCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Miroslaw Brys
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Mony J. Leon
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Nathan Kline InstituteOrangeburgNYUSA
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Lin S, Mayer Y. Treatment of a Large Periradicular Lesion of Endodontic Origin Around a Dental Implant With Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative. J Periodontol 2007; 78:2385-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Rautemaa R, Lauhio A, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ. Oral infections and systemic disease--an emerging problem in medicine. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:1041-7. [PMID: 17714525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between oral and general health has been increasingly recognised during the past two decades. Several epidemiological studies have linked poor oral health with cardiovascular disease, poor glycaemic control in diabetics, low birth-weight pre-term babies, and a number of other conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Oral infections are also recognised as a problem for individuals suffering from a range of chronic conditions, including cancer and infection with human immunodeficiency virus, as well as patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. This review considers the systemic consequences of odontogenic infections and the possible mechanisms by which oral infection and inflammation can contribute to cardiovascular disease, as well as the oral conditions associated with medically compromised patients. A large number of clinical studies have established the clinical efficacy of topical antimicrobial agents, e.g., chlorhexidine and triclosan, in the prevention and control of oral disease, especially gingivitis and dental plaque. The possible risks of antimicrobial resistance are a concern, and the benefits of long-term use of triclosan require further evaluation. Oral infections have become an increasingly common risk-factor for systemic disease, which clinicians should take into account. Clinicians should increase their knowledge of oral diseases, and dentists must strengthen their understanding of general medicine, in order to avoid unnecessary risks for infection that originate in the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rautemaa
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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